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Gunnarsson, Andri, Sigurður M. Garðarsson, and Óli G. B. Sveinsson. "Icelandic snow cover characteristics derived from a gap-filled MODIS daily snow cover product." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 3021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3021-2019.
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Abstract. This study presents a spatio-temporal continuous data set for snow cover in Iceland based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 to 2018. Cloud cover and polar darkness are the main limiting factors for data availability of remotely sensed optical data at higher latitudes. In Iceland the average cloud cover is 75 % with some spatial variations, and polar darkness reduces data availability from the MODIS sensor from late November until mid January. In this study MODIS snow cover data were validated over Iceland with comparison to manned in situ observations and Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 data. Overall a good agreement was found between in situ observed snow cover, with an average agreement of 0.925. Agreement of Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 was found to be acceptable, with R2 values 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, and in agreement with other studies. By applying daily data merging from Terra and Aqua and a temporal aggregation of 7 d, unclassified pixels were reduced from 75 % to 14 %. The remaining unclassified pixels after daily merging and temporal aggregation were removed with classification learners trained with classified data, pixel location, aspect and elevation. Various snow cover characteristic metrics were derived for each pixel such as snow cover duration, first and last snow-free dates, deviation and dynamics of snow cover and trends during the study period. On average the first snow-free date in Iceland is 27 June, with a standard deviation of 19.9 d. For the study period a trend of increasing snow cover duration was observed for all months except October and November. However, statistical testing of the trends indicated that there was only a significant trend in June.
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Sodemann, H., A. S. Palmer, C. Schwierz, M. Schwikowski, and H. Wernli. "The transport history of two Saharan dust events archived in an Alpine ice core." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 26, 2005): 7497–545. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-7497-2005.
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Abstract. Mineral dust from the Saharan desert can be transported across the Mediterranean towards the Alpine region several times a year. Occasionally, the dust is deposited with snowfall on Alpine glaciers and appears then as yellow or red layers in ice cores. Two such significant dust events were identified in an ice core drilled at the high-accumulation site Piz Zupó in the Swiss Alps (46°22' N, 9°55' E, 3850 m a.s.l.). From stable oxygen isotopes and major ion concentrations, the events were approximately dated as October and March 2000. In order to link the dust record in the ice core to the meteorological situation that led to the dust events, a novel methodology based on back-trajectory analysis was developed. It allowed for the identification of source regions, the atmospheric transport pathways, and wet deposition periods for both dust events. Furthermore, differences in the chemical signature of the two dust events could be interpreted with respect to contributions from the dust sources and aerosol scavenging during the transport. The dust deposition during the October event took place during 13–16 October 2000. Mobilisation areas of dust were mainly identified in the Algerian and Libyan deserts. A combination of an upper-level potential vorticity streamer and a midlevel jet across Algeria first brought moist Atlantic air and later mixed air from the tropics and Saharan desert across the Mediterranean towards the Alps. The March event consisted of two different deposition phases which took place during 18–20 and 23–26 March 2000. The first phase was associated with an exceptional transport pattern past Iceland and towards the Alps from northerly directions. The second phase was similar to the October event. A significant peak of methanesulphonic acid associated with the March dust event was most likely caused by incorporation of biogenic aerosol while passing through the marine boundary layer of the western Mediterranean during a local phytoplankton bloom. From this study, we conclude that the whole sequence of mobilisation, transport, and deposition of mineral aerosol should be considered for a detailed understanding of the chemical signal recorded in the ice core at Piz Zupó.
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Sodemann, H., A. S. Palmer, C. Schwierz, M. Schwikowski, and H. Wernli. "The transport history of two Saharan dust events archived in an Alpine ice core." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 3 (February 28, 2006): 667–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-667-2006.
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Abstract. Mineral dust from the Saharan desert can be transported across the Mediterranean towards the Alpine region several times a year. When coinciding with snowfall, the dust can be deposited on Alpine glaciers and then appears as yellow or red layers in ice cores. Two such significant dust events were identified in an ice core drilled at the high-accumulation site Piz Zupó in the Swiss Alps (46°22' N, 9°55' E, 3850 m a.s.l.). From stable oxygen isotopes and major ion concentrations, the events were approximately dated as October and March 2000. In order to link the dust record in the ice core to the meteorological situation that led to the dust events, a novel methodology based on back-trajectory analysis was developed. It allowed the detailed analysis of the specific meteorologic flow evolution that was associated with Saharan dust transport into the Alps, and the identification of dust sources, atmospheric transport paths, and wet deposition periods for both dust events. Differences in the chemical signature of the two dust events were interpreted with respect to contributions from the dust sources and aerosol scavenging during the transport. For the October event, the trajectory analysis indicated that dust deposition took place during 13–15 October 2000. Mobilisation areas of dust were mainly identified in the Algerian and Libyan deserts. A combination of an upper-level potential vorticity streamer and a midlevel jet across Algeria first brought moist Atlantic air and later mixed air from the tropics and Saharan desert across the Mediterranean towards the Alps. The March event consisted of two different deposition phases which took place during 17–19 and 23–25 March 2000. The first phase was associated with an exceptional transport pathway past Iceland and towards the Alps from northerly directions. The second phase was similar to the October event. A significant peak of methanesulphonic acid associated with the March dust event was most likely caused by incorporation of biogenic aerosol while passing through the marine boundary layer of the western Mediterranean during a local phytoplankton bloom. From this study, we conclude that for a detailed understanding of the chemical signal recorded in dust events at Piz Zupó, it is essential to consider the whole transport sequence of mineral aerosol, consisting of dust mobilisation, transport, and deposition at the glacier.
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Phuc, La The, Hiroshi Tachihara, Tsutomu Honda, Luong Thi Tuat, Bui Van Thom, Nguyen Hoang, Yuriko Chikano, et al. "Geological values of lava caves in Krongno Volcano Geopark, Dak Nong, Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/4/13101.
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The paper presents the initial results of the study of volcanic cave system and its typical formations in Krongno Volcano Geopark (KVG), Dak Nong, Vietnam. The volcanic caves have been discovered since 2007, under UNESCO sponsored the scientific project, are seen as unique geological heritages. The collaborative surveys and studies between Vietnamese geologists and the members of the Non-Profit Organization, Vulcanospeleological Society of Japan have discovered and surveyed 45 caves, and detailed mapping 20 caves. Using a complex of adequate methods, especially Remote Sensing image interpretation method, Surveying and mapping lava cave method, K/Ar dating isotopic analytical method and Current methodology, the studies aim to affirm endogenous origin of the lava cave system, the formation mechanism, as well as the typical formations of the caves. Up to date, the lava caves and interior formation in lava caves in KVG have been examined and evaluated in term of geological nature and recognized as pillar geological heritages of the Geopark.References Allred K., AllredC., 1997. Development and morphology of Kazumura Cave, Hawaii. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 59(2), 67-80.Allred K., Allred C., 1997. Tubular lava stalactites and other related segregations. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 60(3), 131-140.Barnabás Korbély, 2014. Diverse volcanic features as dominant landscape elements and pillars of geotourism in the Bakony-Balaton Geopark, Hungary. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st, 2014. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 35-38.Bird Deanne K., et al., 2014. Southern Iceland: Volcanoes, Tourism and Volcanic Risk Reduction.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 35-46. Cooper Malcolm J.M., 2014. Volcanic National Parks in Japan.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 231-246.Dave Bunnell, 2014. The virtual lava cave Created: August 4, 2000.Last update: December 16, 2014. Reviewed by Kevin & Carlene Allred. Available at:<http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtual_tube/virtube.html). Date accessed: 02 May 2018.Gadányi P., 2010. Formation, types and morphology of basalt lava caves. PhD. thesises. University of Pécs Faculty of Natural Sciences Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, Hungary, 1-19.Gaki-Papanastassiou, Kalliopi, et al., 2014. Volcano Tourism in Greece: Two Case Studies of Volcanic Islands.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 69-87.Honda T., Tachihara H., 2015. Vietnam Volcanic Cave Survey. e-NEWSLETTER, UIS Commission on Volcanic caves, 69, 11-12. Honda T., Tinsley J.C., 2016. Classification of lava tubes from Hydrodynamic models for active lava tube, filled lava tube and drained lava tube. 17th International Vulcanospeleology symposium in Hawaii, USA. Sponsored by the Commission on volcanic caves of the International Union of Speleology.Larson C.V., 1991. Nomenclatures of lava tube features. 6th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology in Hawaii. Published by the National Speleological Society, 231-248.Laumanns M., 2013. Important Lava Tube Caves found in Dong Nai Province Southern Vietnam. e-NEWSLETTER, UIS Commission on Volcanic caves, 67, 13. Machado M., Lima E., 2014. Geotourism and sustainable development partnerships in the Azores Geopark. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 45-48.Moreira Jasmine Cardozo, et al., 2014.Tourism and Volcanism in the Canary Islands, Spain. In Volcanic Tourist Destinations.Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 47-55.Nelson S.A., 2017. Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.EENS 1110. Physical Geology.Tulane University. New Orleans, USA.Nguyen Duc Thang (Ed.), 1989. Geology and Mineral Resources of Ben Khe - Dong Nai sheet at scale 1:200,000. General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam. Hanoi. Nunes, João Caros., 2014. The Azores Archipelago: Islands of Geodiversity.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 57-67.Nunes João Caros., 2014. Azores Geopark volcanoes and volcanic landforms. Valuating the Azorean geodiversity and geosites through the geotourism. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 41-43.Ogawa T., 1993. On lava caves in Japan and vicinity.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 56- 73.Patricia Erfurt-Cooper, 2014. Volcanic Geo-heritage.Sustainable Tourism Development in Volcanic Regions: Geoparks, National Parks and World Heritage Sites. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 23-25.Peterson D.W., Holcomb R.T., Tilling R.I., Christiansen R.L., 1994. Development of lava tubes in the light of observations at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56, 343-360.
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Helgason, Hannes, Thjodbjorg Eiriksdottir, Magnus O. Ulfarsson, Abhishek Choudhary, Sigrun H. Lund, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, et al. "Evaluation of Large-Scale Proteomics for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events." JAMA 330, no. 8 (August 22, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.13258.
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ImportanceWhether protein risk scores derived from a single plasma sample could be useful for risk assessment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), in conjunction with clinical risk factors and polygenic risk scores, is uncertain.ObjectiveTo develop protein risk scores for ASCVD risk prediction and compare them to clinical risk factors and polygenic risk scores in primary and secondary event populations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe primary analysis was a retrospective study of primary events among 13 540 individuals in Iceland (aged 40-75 years) with proteomics data and no history of major ASCVD events at recruitment (study duration, August 23, 2000 until October 26, 2006; follow-up through 2018). We also analyzed a secondary event population from a randomized, double-blind lipid-lowering clinical trial (2013-2016), consisting of individuals with stable ASCVD receiving statin therapy and for whom proteomic data were available for 6791 individuals.ExposuresProtein risk scores (based on 4963 plasma protein levels and developed in a training set in the primary event population); polygenic risk scores for coronary artery disease and stroke; and clinical risk factors that included age, sex, statin use, hypertension treatment, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and smoking status at the time of plasma sampling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were composites of myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary heart disease death or cardiovascular death. Performance was evaluated using Cox survival models and measures of discrimination and reclassification that accounted for the competing risk of non-ASCVD death.ResultsIn the primary event population test set (4018 individuals [59.0% women]; 465 events; median follow-up, 15.8 years), the protein risk score had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.93 per SD (95% CI, 1.75 to 2.13). Addition of protein risk score and polygenic risk scores significantly increased the C index when added to a clinical risk factor model (C index change, 0.022 [95% CI, 0.007 to 0.038]). Addition of the protein risk score alone to a clinical risk factor model also led to a significantly increased C index (difference, 0.014 [95% CI, 0.002 to 0.028]). Among White individuals in the secondary event population (6307 participants; 432 events; median follow-up, 2.2 years), the protein risk score had an HR of 1.62 per SD (95% CI, 1.48 to 1.79) and significantly increased C index when added to a clinical risk factor model (C index change, 0.026 [95% CI, 0.011 to 0.042]). The protein risk score was significantly associated with major adverse cardiovascular events among individuals of African and Asian ancestries in the secondary event population.Conclusions and RelevanceA protein risk score was significantly associated with ASCVD events in primary and secondary event populations. When added to clinical risk factors, the protein risk score and polygenic risk score both provided statistically significant but modest improvement in discrimination.
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Kingman, John. "David George Kendall. 15 January 1918 — 23 October 2007." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55 (January 2009): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2008.0017.
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David Kendall was the father of modern probability theory in Britain, a powerful and scholarly mathematician equally at home in abstract theory and in perceptive applications to diverse fields. Through his own research, his influence on generations of students, and from 1962 his leadership of the Cambridge Statistical Laboratory, he inspired the parallel developments of stochastic analysis and applied probability, as well as the statistical analysis of complex structured data.
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Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg G., Gudrun Marteinsdottir, and Steven E. Campana. "Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 9 (November 2, 2007): 1749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm157.
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Abstract Jónsdóttir, I. G., Marteinsdottir, G., and Campana, S. E. 2007. Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 000–000. Otolith chemistry and length-at-age were used to estimate the contribution of different spawning components to the harvested stock of cod (Gadus morhua) at two of their main feeding grounds northwest and east of Iceland. Spawning cod were sampled at different spawning locations around Iceland in spring of 2002 and 2003. Significant differences were detected between cod from the different spawning locations. Cod of unknown stock origin were also sampled at two of the main feeding grounds in October of the same years. Analyses based on maximum likelihood were used to estimate the proportion of each spawning group in the mixed stock catches using otolith chemistry and fish length-at-age. Attempts to use otolith shape to estimate the contribution of the spawning groups to the mixed harvested stock were, however, unsuccessful. The results indicated that spawning locations northwest and north of Iceland, as well as in water deeper than 125 m south of Iceland, contributed the most to the harvested stock. Cod spawning shallower than 125 m south of Iceland did not contribute to the feeding grounds in October of 2002 and 2003. Therefore, exploitation of the feeding stock mixtures seems to be based on spawning components that have previously been considered to be of minor importance to the Icelandic cod stock.
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Bernard, H., N. G. Schwarz, A. Melnic, V. Bucov, N. Caterinciuc, R. G. Pebody, M. Mulders, C. Aidyralieva, and S. Hahné. "Mumps outbreak ongoing since October 2007 in the Republic of Moldova." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 13 (March 27, 2008): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.13.08079-en.
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The Republic of Moldova is experiencing a nationwide mumps outbreak, with a total of 19,550 notified cases as of 23 March 2008. The outbreak started in October 2007, with 105 cases notified in that month compared to an average number of 24 cases per month notified between January and September 2007. Between 1 October and 31 December 2007, 1,524 cases were notified.
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Greenspan, Ralph J. "Correction for Seymour Benzer. 15 October 1921 — 30 November 2007." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 59 (January 2013): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2012.0045.
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Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc. 58 , 23–32 (2012; Published online 18 July 2012) ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2012.0031 ) We regret that on page 26 the election of Guido Pontecorvo to the Royal Society is incorrectly referred to as ‘(ForMemRS 1955)’; this should read ‘(FRS 1955)’.
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Faure, Michael. "The Continuing Story of Environmental Criminal Law in Europe after 23 October 2007." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 17, Issue 1 (February 1, 2008): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2008006.
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Kuz'min, D. "Risk Factors in Equilibrium Models of Open Economies." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-9-23-28.
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World liquidity crisis, which started in the USA in 2007, is reputed to be the first full-fledged global financial crisis. The liquidity crisis became global exactly due to the influence of large economies' national financial markets on many small ones. The analysis of the crisis expansion and development in these states (the USA, China, Iceland, Mexico, CEE countries) demonstrated that not only working accounts and reserves, but also foreign and internal borrowings, and therefore, household consumption, investments and government consumption proved to be affected by cyclic processes.
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Larsen, Guðrún, Maria H. Janebo, and Magnús Tumi Gudmundsson. "The explosive basaltic Katla eruption in 1918, south Iceland I: Course of events, tephra fall and flood routes." Jökull 71, no. 71 (December 8, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2021.71.001.
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The 23-day long eruption of the ice-covered Katla volcano in 1918 began on October 12 and was over by November 4. Seismicity preceding and accompanying the onset had already started by 11:30 on October 12, while the eruption broke through the glacier around 3 PM. The plume rose to 14–15 km on the first day. The eruption caused widespread tephra fall, accompanied by lightning and thunder. Tephra fall from the intense first phase (October 12–14) was reported from Höfn, 200 km east of Katla, Reykjavík, 150 km to the west and Akureyri, 240 km to the north. The initial phase was followed by more sporadic activity for a week, and a second intense phase (October 22–24), with heavy tephra fall in populated areas east and south of the volcano. Skaftártunga (25–35 km east of Katla), was the worst hit farming district, with reported tephra thickness of 6.5–10 cm in total, collecting into drifts tens of cm thick. The Vík village suffered almost continuous tephra fall for 13 hours on October 24 and 25, leaving a 2 to 4 cm thick tephra layer on the ground. Tephra reached Reykjavík four times but minor tephra fallout («1 mm) occurred. Tephra also reached northern, western and eastern Iceland. In addition to producing the 0.9–1.0 km3 tephra layer, which may as freshly fallen have been 1.1–1.2 km3 , the eruption was accompanied by a jökulhlaup that flooded the Mýrdalssandur plain and neighbouring areas. The jökulhlaup on October 12 had two separate phases. The first phase is considered to have flowed supraglacially down the lower parts of the Kötlujökull outlet glacier into the Leirá, Hólmsá and Skálm rivers (northern fork), and the Sandvatn and Múlakvísl rivers (southern fork). It was much more widespread than the second phase which emerged from below the glacier snout and was confined to the western part of Mýrdalssandur. That phase carried huge icebergs and massive sediment load onto the sandur plain.
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Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A. "John Hilton Edwards. 26 March 1928 — 11 October 2007." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0005.
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John Edwards was a human geneticist who pioneered the development of clinical genetics in Birmingham. His name is known to all in the field for his discovery in 1960 of trisomy 18, the second trisomic condition to be described in humans after trisomy 21 in Down syndrome in 1959. He was an astute clinician and recognized that if other human chromosome aberrations were to occur, they would be associated with a similar pattern of multiple malformations and handicap. His observation of a nine-week-old child with the provisional diagnosis of Ullich–Turner syndrome suggested this possibility, which was confirmed in samples taken by Edwards at autopsy. His early interest in genetic aspects of disease is evident from his study of Peutz–Jegher syndrome published in 1957. These and similar experiences led him to a varied career in genetics, which at that time seemed to have little place in the practice of medicine. His clinical interests were complemented by his research in population genetics, statistics, genetic linkage, gene mapping and comparative genetics. He was appointed Lecturer in Social Medicine in Birmingham in 1956 and almost all of the next 23 years were spent there as Senior Lecturer, Reader and, from 1967, Professor of Human Genetics. In 1979 he moved to Oxford to become Professor of Genetics in the Biochemistry Department. He retired in 1995 and continued to work on comparative genomics in collaboration with colleagues in Australia and New Zealand. He died in 2007 and is remembered as a kind physician and an outstanding diagnostician. An exceptional scientist, he had a most original mind and a keen wit and was a critical commentator on developments in science.
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Novikova, Alla, TATIANA Yashchenko, Natalia Kovalchuk, and M. A. Leonov. "The financing of public passenger transportation services is an equation to the European quality level." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2(254)’2018 (June 20, 2018): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2018-2-254-2-6.
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The EU transport policy regarding financial provision of public passenger transport is considered. Place the separate provisions of EC Regulation 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on public passenger transport services on rail and road transport, which repeals Regulation (EEC) № 1191/69 and (EEC) № 1107/70 of the Council, which must be over 8 years implemented in Ukraine. Keywords: social services, Regulation 1370/2009, benefits in cash, compensation for public services, contracts, publicity.
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Ma, Y., Z. Zhu, L. Zhong, B. Wang, C. Han, and W. Ma. "Combination satellite and in-situ data for the determination of evapotranspiration over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 3 (March 28, 2013): 8435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-8435-2013.
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Abstract. In this study, a new parameterization method based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data, AVHRR (Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer) data and in-situ data is constructed and tested for deriving the regional evaporative fraction (EF) over heterogeneous landscape. As a case study, the methodology was applied to the Tibetan Plateau area. Eight images of MODIS data (17 January 2003, 14 April 2003, 23 July 2003 and 16 October 2003; 30 January 2007, 15 April 2007, 1 August 2007 and 25 October 2007) and four images of AVHRR data (17 January 2003, 14 April 2003, 23 July 2003 and 16 October 2003) were used in this study for the comparison among winter, spring, summer and autumn and the annual variation analysis. The derived results were also validated by using the "ground truth" measured in the stations of the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP) and the CAMP/Tibet (CEOP (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period) Asia-Australia Monsoon Project (CAMP) on the Tibetan Plateau). The results show that the derived EF in four different seasons over the Tibetan Plateau area is in good accordance with the land surface status. The EF show a wide range due to the strong contrast of surface features over the Tibetan Plateau. Also, the estimated EF is in good agreement with the ground measurements, and their absolute percent difference (APD) is less than 10% in the validation sites. The results from AVHRR were also in agreement with MODIS, with the latter usually displaying a higher level of accuracy. It is therefore concluded that the proposed methodology is successful for the retrieval of EF using the MODIS data, AVHRR data and in-situ data over the Tibetan Plateau area, and the MODIS data is the better one and it should be used widely for the evapotranspiration (ET) research over this region.
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Doarn, Charles R., Rifat Latifi, and Ronald C. Merrell. "Second Balkan Intensive Seminar on Telemedicine and e-Health October 21–23, 2007 Tirana, Albania." Telemedicine and e-Health 14, no. 1 (February 2008): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2007.0122.
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Wallingford, Anna K., Sue A. Tolin, Ashley L. Myers, Tony K. Wolf, Alson H. Smith, and Douglas G. Pfeiffer. "Expansion of the Range of Pierce's Disease in Virginia." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-1004-01-br.
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Pierce's disease (PD) is a vascular disease of grapes vectored by xylem-feeding sharpshooters and leading to vine decline, yield loss, and vine death. Recent warm winters have increased concerns about PD in Virginia. The authors conducted a survey of 31 Virginia vineyards in 21 counties for X. fastidiosa in late fall, 2006. The survey confirms X. fastidiosa in the northernmost vineyards sampled, and in some of the westernmost vineyards in Virginia. It is likely that all vineyards throughout the sampled area are at risk of PD. Accepted for publication 23 May 2007. Published 4 October 2007.
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Cheng, Xiaoqiao. "Flipped Learning Model: An Effective Approach to Primary School STEM Education." Science Insights Education Frontiers 15, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 2145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.23.co044.
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As early as 1986, the US National Science Board published Undergraduate Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education, which is regarded as the initiation of STEM education (NSB, 1986). In October 2005, the National Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Center jointly submitted to the Congress of the United States Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, a report that put forward relevant recommendations to promote STEM education (Bybee, 2010). In October 2007, the US National Science Board issued A National Action Plan for Addressing the Critical Needs of the US Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education System, proposing to expand STEM education from colleges to primary and secondary schools (NSB, 2007). In 2009, former President of the United States, Barack Obama, emphasized the need for the nation to prioritize the development of STEM education. Since then, the US federal government has heavily invested in STEM education research across all levels, from kindergarten through higher education. Educational communities in other countries have also begun researching and implementing STEM education practices. Numerous studies and extensive practice have demonstrated the potential of STEM education in promoting students’ cognitive development, enhancing their critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity skills, as well as improving their emotional and spiritual well-being.
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Jónsson, Steingrímur, and Héðinn Valdimarsson. "Hydrography and circulation over the southern part of the Kolbeinsey Ridge." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 7 (June 8, 2012): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss101.
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Abstract Jónsson, S., and Valdimarsson, H. 2012. Hydrography and circulation over the southern part of the Kolbeinsey Ridge. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . A study on the hydrography and circulation over the Kolbeinsey Ridge south of the Spar Fracture Zone was carried out in 2007 and 2008. A moored profiler was deployed west of the Ridge at 68°N close to the 1000-m isobath in September 2007, and measurements were obtained until October 2008. In June 2008, vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler along with conductivity, temperature, and depth measurements were made on a transect crossing the Ridge close to 68°N. The results indicate a continuous flow of Atlantic water (AW) via the North Icelandic Irminger Current northwards along the Ridge. Hence, this is an area where AW is channelled into the deep Iceland Sea. Some of the water is then recirculated westwards, whereas the remainder flows eastwards and circulates in an anticyclonic eddy that may be a semi-permanent feature of the circulation. The eddy is ∼60 km in diameter, and AW accumulates there, with submerged isolines of temperature and density. The eddy was revealed in the distribution of a coccolithophorid bloom in the area in August 2008.
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Liu, Cheng-Chien, An-Ming Wu, Sheng-Yun Yen, and Chiung-Huei Huang. "Rapid locating of fire points from Formosat-2 high spatial resolution imagery: example of the 2007 California wildfire." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 4 (2009): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08026.
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We report the rapid response of Formosat-2 to locate the fire points in the 2007 California wildfire. After examining the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) image taken and released on 23 October 2007, we used the agility of Formosat-2 to take high spatial resolution images of the wildfire front on its next overpass of the newly burned area. By calculating the local spatial statistics of the near-infrared band, fire points with a scale of a few metres can be accurately identified on the 2-m pan-sharpened Formosat-2 image. The present work suggests that the synergistic operation of MODIS and Formosat-2 would enable the rapid locating of fire points during wildfires.
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SUPENO, BAMBANG, DAMAYANTI BUCHORI, PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO, UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO, and CHRISTIAN H. SCHULZE. "NGENGAT PARASITOID (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) PADA WERENG PUCUK METE DI PERTANAMAN JAMBU METE DI PULAU LOMBOK." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 15, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.16-23.
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<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Wereng pucuk mete, Sanurus indecora (Homoptera : Flatidae),merupakan hama utama tanaman jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Berbagaicara pengendalian telah dilakukan baik secara kimiawi maupun biologi.Pengendalian biologis yang telah banyak digunakan adalah pemanfaatandan eksplorasi musuh alami yang mencakup parasitoid, patogen danpredator. Salah satu musuh alami wereng daun (leafhoppers) dan werengpohon (planthoppers) yang masih belum diteliti di Indonesia dan baru 20spesies yang ada di di dunia adalah Epipyropidae. Ektoparasitoid familiEpipyropidae yang berasosiasi dengan imago S. indecora telah ditemukanpertama di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Lombok. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan ngengat parasitoid pada inang S.indecora pada pertanaman jambu mete di lahan kering Pulau Lombok.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua kegiatan utama, yaitu pengambilansampel di lapang dan pengamatan laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian beradadi tiga desa di wilayah Kecamatan Gangga, Kayangan, dan Bayan.Penelitian dilakukan selama musim kemarau 2007 (Mei hingga Oktober2007) dan musim hujan (November 2007 hingga April 2008) di tiga kebunjambu mete milik petani yang ditanam secara monokultur. Dari penelitianini dapat diberikan beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu : wereng pucuk mete S.indecora berkembang baik pada musim kemarau (April hingga September)dan cenderung menurun pada saat musim hujan (Oktober hingga Maret),dengan populasi tinggi dicapai pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2007.Larva ektoparasitoid Epypiropidae menyerang S. indecora jantan danbetina yang bersifat soliter dan atau gregarius. Laju parasitisasiEpipyropidae pada S. indecora jantan lebih kecil daripada betina, yaituberkisar 5,89 – 12,16% dan betina berkisar 15,23 – 19,23%. LarvaEpipyropidae tidak dapat menekan laju pertumbuhan populasi S. indecoradi pertanaman monokultur jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Denganperkataan lain bahwa semakin tinggi populasi S. indecora semakin rendahlaju parasitisasi yang ditemukan.</p><p>Kata kunci : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, ngengatparasitoid, Epipyropidae</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Parasitoid moth (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) on cashewplanthopper at cashew plantation in LombokSanurus indecora Jacobi is a serious pest attacking cashewplantation in Lombok Island. A number of natural enemies of flatids werefound on cashew plantation such as predator, pathogen, and parasitoid. Allmembers of Epipyropidae (Lepidoptera) are ectoparasitoid onplanthoppers and leafhoppers (Homoptera). The first report onEpipyropidae in Indonesia was documented, in Lombok whereEpipyropidae parasitized S. indecora. Study was conducted to determinethe prevalence of parasitoid moth on S. indecora at Lombok uplandcashew plantations. This experiment was conducted on May 2007 untilApril 2008 in three village areas of Gangga, Kayangan, and Bayandistricts. The results showed that population of Sanurus indecora increasesgradually from April until October (dry season) and decreases fromNovember until March (rainy season), with the highest population occursin August to October. Epipyropidae attacks both male and female of S.indecora J. Parasitation rate of male ranges from 0.38 – 46.00% with anaverage of 8.96%. Parasitation rate of female varies from 8.77 - 38.52%with an average of 17.45%. Epipyropidae is a solitary and or gregariousparasitoid. The parasitation rate was negatively correlated with S. indecorapopulation. The numbers of Epipyropidae larvae were correlated with thenumbers of S. indecora infected.</p><p>Key words : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, parasitoid moth,Epipyropidae</p>
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Coe, Christopher L., Judith M. Stern, Michael B. Hennessy, and Joanne Weinberg. "In memoriam: Seymour (Gig) Levine (January 23, 1925–October 31, 2007) he enabled us to see farther." Developmental Psychobiology 50, no. 5 (2008): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20312.
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Cremona, Marise. "Case C403/05, European Parliament v. Commission (Philippines Border Management Project), Judgment of the Grand Chamber of 23 October 2007, [2007] ECR I–9045." Common Market Law Review 45, Issue 6 (December 1, 2008): 1727–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2008118.
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Thomas, Karluss, Corinne Herouet-Guicheney, Gregory Ladics, Scott McClain, Susan MacIntosh, Laura Privalle, and Mike Woolhiser. "Current and future methods for evaluating the allergenic potential of proteins: International workshop report 23–25 October 2007." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, no. 9 (September 2008): 3219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.078.
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Deal, Kelly E., Carolyn K. Synovitz, Jeffrey M. Goodloe, Brandi King, and Charles E. Stewart. "Tulsa Oklahoma Oktoberfest Tent Collapse Report." Emergency Medicine International 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/729795.
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Background. On October 17, 2007, a severe weather event collapsed two large tents and several smaller tents causing 23 injuries requiring evacuation to emergency departments in Tulsa, OK.Methods. This paper is a retrospective analysis of the regional health system’s response to this event. Data from the Tulsa Fire Department, The Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA), receiving hospitals and coordinating services were reviewed and analyzed. EMS patient care reports were reviewed and analyzed using triage designators assigned in the field, injury severity scores, and critical mortality.Results. EMT's and paramedics from Tulsa Fire Department and EMSA provided care at the scene under unified incident command. Of the 23 patients transported by EMS, four were hospitalized, one with critical spinal injury and one with critical head injury. One patient is still in ongoing rehabilitation.Discussion. Analysis of the 2007 Tulsa Oktoberfest mass casualty incident revealed rapid police/fire/EMS response despite challenges of operations at dark under severe weather conditions and the need to treat a significant number of injured victims. There were no fatalities. Of the patients transported by EMS, a minority sustained critical injuries, with most sustaining injuries amenable to discharge after emergency department care.
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Hannesson, Ólafur Ísberg. "The Status of Non-Implemented EEA Law in Iceland: Lessons from the Judicial Reactions of the Supreme Court to International Law." Nordic Journal of International Law 80, no. 4 (2011): 425–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x599679.
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AbstractIn October 2007, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Court confirmed that the doctrines of direct effect and primacy could not be generated by the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement alone. Rather, the effects of non-implemented EEA provisions were to remain in the hands of the EFTA States. Hence, the relevant question is what weight should be accorded to such norms in domestic law? The Icelandic Supreme Court has yet to take a stance on the direct effect question relation to incorrectly or insufficiently transposed EEA law. The issue has, however, been addressed several times in connection with the European Convention on Human Rights, before its incorporation. In order to address the unclear legal status of EEA norms in Icelandic law, this contribution takes a closer look at the judicial attitude of the Supreme Court taken towards international law in general and the Convention in particular. The perceived differences between EEA law and the Convention have made it easy for observers to dismiss such comparison on the grounds that the two kinds of legal regime are not readily comparable. The article questions these apparent differences by pointing out that EEA law in fact shares all of the features of the Convention that led judges to enforce it in the Icelandic legal order.
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Nugent, David, and Monsurur Rahman. "Possible Effects Of Government Action To Curb Global Warming On Stock Market Performance." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i3.8734.
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In recent years the stock market has experienced two steep declines. Between March 23, 2000 and October 9, 2002, the S & P 500 index fell from 1,527.35 to 776.76. After rising to an intraday high of 1,576.09 on October 11, 2007, the S & P 500 index fell to 676.53 on March 9, 2009 (GSPC Historical Prices S&P 500 Stock). Although the stock market has recovered in the years since, the double decline may make investors wonder if the stock market will decline again and what might cause any future decline. Finance theory (Block, 2010) suggests that corporate stock value is affected by investors expectations of economic growth. The theory of global warming (Brown, 2007) suggests that the production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases causes global temperatures to rise and that the remedy would be the reduction of the production of greenhouse gases. If investors were to perceive that action to reduce greenhouse gases would also reduce economic growth, the result could be declines in stock market returns. This paper presents a theoretical discussion of the possibility that stock market declines may arise if investors were to expect that politicians could take drastic action to curb global warming.
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Al-Nashe, Ali. "Microbial contamination for product cheese in AL-Diwaniya city." Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 2, no. 1 (October 2, 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.23.
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The research induterial comparative study between local cheese and factorial in AL-Diwaniya city. To determine health standard of cheese by using microbial groups as indicators of contamination, they were involved: the total numbers of aerial bacteria, total Coliform, streptococcus, thermophilic, psychotrophic , photolytic, lypolytic, spore forming bacteria, Staphylococcus, Mold and Yeasts. Which extend from December 2007 to February month 2008. The statistical analysis showed significant difference (p<0.05) to local cheese in comparison with factorial cheese in means of total number Microorganism groups industrial. There was increase in microorganisms numbers means for local cheese comparison with factorial cheese. This increase was: 421%, 370%, 186%, 426%, 175%, 79.8%, 52%, 164% and 303% cell/gm. For aerial bacteria, total Coliform, streptococcus , thermophilic, psychrtrophic, protolyticm lypolytic, spore forming bacteria, staphylococcus and molds-yeasts respectively. Also that showed significant difference to the temperature in comparison with warm months and cold months in means of total number of microbes which used contamination indicators, the highest increase in number of microbes was showed during December, October and December comparison with November, Janyary and Labruary months which lowest numbers of microbes.
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Mildawani, M. M. T. S. "Implementation of The Senge's Fifth Discipline: Strategy to Anticipate Change *)." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 8, no. 05 (May 19, 2021): 6460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v8i05.02.
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The vision of ABFII Perbanas was launched on 23 October 2007 and as a sign of themerger of two institutions, namely STIE and STIMIK Perbanas into one.The institute's vision to become a leading institute in Asia in the field of banking andinformatics emphasizes the emphasis on the mission of educating students based onintegrity and knowledge as well as developing intellectual capabilities based onresearch in related fields. Achieving the vision and mission of the institution will belinked to the application of The Fifth Discipline theory, a theory developed by PeterSenge and friends, covering systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models,shared vision, and team learning. This paper will elaborate on the application of thistheory and its possible application in ABFII Perbanas.
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Everett, K. R., O. E. Timudo-torrevilla, G. N. Hill, and T. E. Dawson. "Field testing alternatives to copper for controlling avocado fruit rots." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6820.
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Six fungicides (boscalid boscalid/pyraclostrobin two formulations of copper hydroxide (Kocide Opti and Champ DP) dithianon and fluazinam) and one biological product (Biostart Target) were applied to avocado fruit in an orchard in Whangarei Products were applied as sprays on 13 February 23 March 20 April 18 June 19 July 21 August 27 September and 23 October 2007 There were five replicate trees for each treatment in a completely random block design At harvest on 2 November 20 fruit per tree were placed in a box transported to Mt Albert Research Centre within 24 h and stored at 55C for 28 days Fruit were then placed at 20C and assessed for rots when ripe There were too few stemend rots for the differences between treatments to be statistically significant but four of the fungicides significantly reduced numbers of body rots compared with the unsprayed control These were fluazinam boscalid/pyraclostrobin Kocide Opti and Champ DP
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Lodge, G. M., M. A. Brennan, and S. Harden. "Field studies of the effects of pre-sowing weed control and time of sowing on tropical perennial grass establishment, North-West Slopes, New South Wales." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 2 (2010): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09227.
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Two separate experiments on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales investigated: (1) the effects of differing lengths of pre-sowing weed control (2 years, 1 year, and 3–4 months in the spring immediately before sowing) on the soil seed density of liverseed grass (Urochloa panicoides) from November 2005 to November 2007 and its seedling density at establishment (December 2007), as well as on subsequent herbage mass and plant frequency of this species and Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense cv. Bambatsi (Expt 1); and (2) the effects of cultivar, time of sowing (November 2006, January 2007, and March 2007), and defoliation in the autumn after sowing, on the over-wintering ability of 5 tropical perennial grasses (Expt 2). The cultivars sown in Expt 2 were Bambatsi, Dichanthium aristatum cv. Floren, Chloris gayana cv. Katambora, Digitaria eriantha var. eriantha cv. Premier, and Bothriochloa bladhii var. glabra cv. Swann. At sowing (November 2007), liverseed grass seed and seedling densities in Expt 1 were lowest (P < 0.05) in the 2-year pre-sowing weed control treatment (15 and 13/m2, respectively), and the subsequent herbage mass of Bambatsi (January and October 2008) was highest (P < 0.05) in this treatment. In Expt 2, 59 frosts occurred in 2007, and Floren, Bambatsi, and Swann sown in March of that year over-wintered poorly and had lower (P < 0.05) herbage mass and plant frequency in the following spring compared with the other sowing times. These differences were also evident in autumn and spring 2008, up to 23 months after sowing.
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Heubeck, M., T. Aarvak, K. Isaksen, A. Johnsen, I. Petersen, and T. Anker-Nilssen. "Mass mortality of adult Razorbills Alca torda in the Skagerrak and North Sea area, autumn 2007." Seabird Journal, no. 24 (2011): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.24.11.
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An abnormal movement of auks occurred in the eastern Skagerrak in the third week of September 2007. Large numbers of Razorbills Alca torda were reported along the coasts of southeast Norway and western Sweden, many thousands entered Oslofjorden (Norway), and their migration past the northern tip of Denmark into the Kattegat began a month earlier than normal. This preceded heavy mortality of the species that lasted several weeks, and numbered thousands of individuals. Unusually for the time of year, Razorbills greatly outnumbered Common Guillemots Uria aalge in reports of live and dead birds. Of 376 Razorbills collected in Oslofjorden, 87% were adults, 9% immatures, and 4% juveniles. Among 326 adults, females (71%) outnumbered males, and 18% showed two white inner bill grooves instead of the normal one. All birds were extremely emaciated and had presumably starved to death. Virtually all adults and older immatures were still regrowing their outer primaries after the post-breeding moult, whereas those of juveniles were fully grown. Most, if not all, belonged to A. t. islandica populations breeding in the British Isles, Faroes or Iceland, and few, if any, were from A. t. torda populations of the Baltic, Norway or Russia; the 23 ringed birds found in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, mostly adults, all came from Scottish colonies. Population effects at these colonies were not obvious, but adult survival in 2007–08 was low at one colony in eastern Scotland. Long-term beached bird data indicated that while not on the scale of that in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, Razorbill mortality was abnormally high over a wide area of the North Sea in autumn 2007. The age and sex structure of the mortality and its possible causes are discussed.
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Herlin-Karnell, Ester. "The Ship–Source Pollution Case C–440/05, Commission v. Council, Judgment of 23 October 2007 (Grand Chamber)." European Public Law 14, Issue 4 (November 1, 2008): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2008036.
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Alderman, Steve C., Cynthia M. Ocamb, Mark E. Mellbye, and Mohamed S. Sedegui. "Occurrence of Ustilago striiformis in Dactylis glomerata Seed Production Fields in Oregon." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-1023-01-rs.
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Stripe smut, caused by Ustilago striiformis, is a common disease of grasses grown for turf, but quantitative information concerning its occurrence in grass seed production fields is lacking. In 2004, 2005, and 2006, stripe smut was detected in 16, 17, and 3 out of 51, 42, and 33 Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass) seed production fields surveyed in western Oregon, respectively. Stripe smut was not previously known to occur in these fields. The percentage of plants per transect with stripe smut in 2004, 2005, and 2006 ranged from 0 to 12, 0 to 4, and 0 to 1, respectively. In additional surveys during 2004-2006, to determine whether stripe smut was also occurring in seed production fields of other grasses in western Oregon, stripe smut was found in one field of Agrostis stolonifera, but was not detected in fields of Agrostis castellana, A. capillaries, Festuca arundinacea, F. longifolia, F. ovina, F. rubra subsp. commutata, F. rubra subsp. rubra, or Lolium perenne. Accepted for publication 9 July 2007. Published 23 October 2007.
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Siaka, Danny Clovis. "La singularidad de los daños medioambientales : un análisis a la luz de la Ley de Responsabilidad Medioambiental en España." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 14 (January 1, 2014): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.14.2014.13295.
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Esta contribución analiza los daños medioambientales a partir de la Ley 26/2007, de 23 de octubre, de Responsabilidad Medioambiental en España, y traza similitudes entre ellos y los clásicos, base de la responsabilidad civil clásica de la que se separa la medioambiental. Dichos daños aparecen como una categoría específica al menos porque su régimen de reparación está esencialmente orientado a la restauración del elemento menoscabado, pudiendo el operador reparar con entrega de suma de dinero sólo cuando la Administración pública haya tomado en su lugar las medidas oportunas para la restauración. Esta característica, además del hecho que los daños medioambientales puedan tomar la forma de amenazas o de riesgos, permite distinguirlos de los clásicos.This contribution analyses the environmental damages from the elements of definition provided by Law n.º 6/2007, of October 23, related to environmental liability in Spain and traces similarities between them and the classics which are the base of the classical civil liability from which is separated the environmental liability. So, they appear to be a specific issue given, at least, the regime of their repair, essentially orientated toward the reinstatement of the altered natural resource, being possible for the operator to redress by paying a sum of money only when the public Administration has taken appropriate measures at his place. This characteristic, beside the fact that environmental damages can take the form of threats or risks, enables to distinguish them from conventional ones.
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Bikçe, Murat, and Tahir Burak Çelik. "Failure analysis of newly constructed RC buildings designed according to 2007 Turkish Seismic Code during the October 23, 2011 Van earthquake." Engineering Failure Analysis 64 (June 2016): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.03.008.
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Ma, Y., Z. Zhu, L. Zhong, B. Wang, C. Han, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, et al. "Combining MODIS, AVHRR and in situ data for evapotranspiration estimation over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 3 (February 11, 2014): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1507-2014.
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Abstract. In this study, a parameterization method based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data, AVHRR (Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer) data and in situ data is introduced and tested for estimating the regional evaporative fraction Λ over a heterogeneous landscape. As a case study, the algorithm was applied to the Tibetan Plateau (TP) area. Eight MODIS data images (17 January, 14 April, 23 July and 16 October in 2003; 30 January, 15 April, 1 August and 25 October in 2007) and four AVHRR data images (17 January, 14 April, 23 July and 16 October in 2003) were used in this study to compare winter, spring, summer and autumn values and for annual variation analysis. The results were validated using the "ground truth" measured at Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP) and the CAMP/Tibet (CEOP (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period) Asia-Australia Monsoon Project (CAMP) on the Tibetan Plateau) meteorological stations. The results show that the estimated evaporative fraction Λ in the four different seasons over the TP is in clear accordance with the land surface status. The Λ fractions show a wide range due to the strongly contrasting surface features found on the TP. Also, the estimated Λ values are in good agreement with "ground truth" measurements, and their absolute percentage difference (APD) is less than 10.0% at the validation sites. The AVHRR data were also in agreement with the MODIS data, with the latter usually displaying a higher level of accuracy. It was therefore concluded that the proposed algorithm was successful in retrieving the evaporative fraction Λ using MODIS, AVHRR and in situ data over the TP. MODIS data are the most accurate and should be used widely in evapotranspiration (ET) research in this region.
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Rifa’i, M. Ahsin, Ambo Tuwo, Budimawan Budimawan, and Andi Niartiningsih. "Densitas Simbion Alga Zooxanthellae pada Anemon Laut Stichodactyla gigantea Alam dan Hasil Reproduksi Aseksual." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.15.1.15-23.
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The aims of this research were to discover the density of algae symbiont of zooxanthellae in the giant carpet anemone (Stichodactyla gigantea) from the nature and the asexual reproduction by longitudinal body fragmentation technique. The research was conducted from October 2007 to July 2008, in The Hatchery of University of Hasanuddin Marine Station in Barrang Lompo Island for seed production and coral reefs area of Barrang Lompo Island for the implementation of culture. The series of study was started with parental collection and acclimatization of anemones, fragmentation of the body, culturing anemones in the coral reefs area and collection of algae zooxanthellae which is conducted every two months. The results of this study indicated the difference of zooxanthellae density from nature and asexual reproduction anemones. The highest density of zooxanthellae algae found in the non fragmented or nature population (AA) (10.84 x 106 cell/cm2), followed by the anemone which was resulted from 2 parts body fragmentation (AF2) (10.24 x 106 cells/cm2), and the anemone which was resulted from 4 parts body fragmentation (AF4) (9.17 x 106 cell/cm2 ). Whereas, between the good coral (KB) and bad coral (KR) not significant.
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Sigurdardottir, Heida Maria, and Ólöf Garðarsdóttir. "Backlash in gender equality? Fathers’ parental leave during a time of economic crisis." Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 4 (January 6, 2018): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717739243.
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In Europe, there has been an increasing emphasis on the equal rights of men and women to parental leave. Nordic countries such as Iceland are often seen as forerunners in the implementation of laws that promote gender equality by giving each parent non-transferable rights to parental leave. In October 2008, the Icelandic banking system collapsed and a severe economic recession followed. This can be seen as a natural experimental intervention and provides a unique opportunity to study potential changes in fathers’ use of parental leave in response to drastic economic changes and resulting policy changes. Our data show that during the years 2003–2007, a time of economic prosperity, Icelandic fathers on average used 3 full months of parental leave. After this event, fathers’ use of parental leave declined, while the reverse could be seen for mothers who progressively took a longer leave with partial pay. Our analysis suggests that a decline in fathers’ use of parental leave can be traced back to the dramatic collapse of the economic system and the subsequent substantial lowering of the maximum payment during parental leave. The most dramatic changes were seen for fathers in high-income groups whose payments during parental leave were most severely cut. The data suggest that after the economic collapse and resulting policy changes, women have become increasingly responsible and men decreasingly responsible for childcare duties – an alarming trend from the standpoint of gender equality. Possible remedies and courses of action are discussed.
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de Szoeke, S. P., C. W. Fairall, and Sergio Pezoa. "Ship Observations of the Tropical Pacific Ocean along the Coast of South America." Journal of Climate 22, no. 2 (January 15, 2009): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2555.1.
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Abstract In October 2007 the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown sailed southward within 300 km of the coast of Ecuador and Peru, sampling surface meteorology, air–sea turbulent and radiative fluxes, cloud properties, and upper-air soundings from the equator to 20°S. Two distinct water masses characterize the coastal region: cold-pool water below 19°C in the Southern Hemisphere, and warm-pool water above 20°C to the north, with a transition between the water masses at 2.5°S. Net turbulent and radiative fluxes warm the cool water south of 2.5°S by 100 W m−2 but do not warm the equatorial water significantly. Winds blow parallel to the shore, about 5 m s−1 over the cold pool and 7 m s−1 over the equator. Stratocumulus clouds are remarkably solid over the coastal cold pool, with only brief periods of partial clearing, mostly in the afternoon. Lower aerosol concentrations and thicker clouds observed farther from the coast on 22–23 October are coincident with a pocket of open cells seen to the west and southwest of the ship. Observations from this cruise and other NOAA Stratus cruises (2001 and 2003–07) are suitable for comparison with model simulations and provide context for future field experiments. These datasets are publicly available.
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Urban, Jaroslav. "Biology of Byctiscus populi (L.) (Coleoptera, Attelabidae). Part II. Leafrolls, larvae and this year’s imagoes." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 1 (2012): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260010155.
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In 2007 to 2009, the biology of Byctiscus populi (L.) was studied on Populus tremula in Forest District Bílovice nad Svitavou (former district of Brno-venkov). Females of B. populi often stick ends of shoots in addition to petioles in May and in the first half of June. At 38% damaged shoots, they make rolls of more (at the most 4) leaves. From mid-June to the end of July, they bite only into petioles and make rolls of one leaf. The leafrolls are on average 30 mm long and 3 mm wide. With the increase of the number of rolled up leaves their mean size decreases. With the size of leafrolls the number of eggs increases. The development of eggs and larvae in leafrolls takes 26 to 38 days (in the laboratory 17 to 23 days). Larvae of the 1st instar damage on average 0.06 cm2, larvae of the 2nd instar 0.4 cm2 and larvae of the 3rd instar 2.1 cm2. Under favourable conditions, young beetles appear on trees from 15 August to 10 October. Under cold weather (2009), only part of the beetles leaves pupal chambers, namely from 10 September to 8 October. Before the beginning of a winter diapause, beetles damaged about 11 cm2 leaves of P. tremula.1
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Gasparik, Jozef, Pavol Mesko, and Zdenka Zahumenska. "Methodology for Tendering the Performances in Long Distance Rail Passenger Transport." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11192.
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A fundamental step in the liberalisation of the rail market has been the separation of the railway infrastructure from the railway operating. The partial liberalisation of the rail market in the European Union (EU) was already underway in 2010. Opening up the market to new private railway operators means that operators can compete for the performance of selected lines. The opening up process of domestic rail passenger transport markets according to the fourth railway package has a variety of levels in Member States. This process is requested to be performed not later than 2019, while making public tenders for transport service contracts compulsory in the public interest. The paper is focused on tender implementation steps for long-distance rail passenger transport and shows the legislation requirements for the tendering process. There is a need to analyse the technical and other obstacles and threats to the operation of long-distance rail services entering competition. The idea is to meet the objectives of the EU White Paper on transport and The Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on public passenger transport services by rail and by road and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No. 1191/69 and 1107/70.
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Rodrigues, A., and G. Pita. "Recovery of GPP monthly pattern in a eucalypt site in Portugal after felling." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2011): 3999–4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-3999-2011.
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Abstract. The main objective of this work was to report the recovery of seasonal pattern of GPP obtained by eddy covariance measurements in a eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) site in Pegões (Southern Portugal) after a felling processed in October and November of 2006. This was made in a wider context of a general description of the evolution of carbon sequestration at several timescales in the period 2002–2010. In Portugal eucalypt stands aimed mainly for pulp production occupies an area of about 739 515 ha, (National Forest Inv 2005–2006) corresponding to about 23% of total forest area. The site is part of a 300 ha eucalypt stand, located in Herdade da Espirra, intensively managed as coppice under a twelve year productive cycle with a density of about 1100 trees/ha and characterized by a 12-month growing period. A prolonged drought in 2004 and 2005 and a felling in October–November 2006, followed by the start of a new production cycle, changed the carbon sink ability of eucalypt stand. In the two drought years, rainfall was reduced to values of 50%, relatively to long-term 709 mm average of. In the period prior to cutting NEE of 8.7 g cm−2 was maximum in 2002 decreasing to a minimum of 3.6 tons/ha in 2005 at the peak of the effect of drought. After the felling the eucalypt stand recovered its carbon sink capacity in June 2007 with an annual GPP of 1621.6 g cm−2 in 2010. Seasonal patterns of GPP in 2007, 2008 and 2009 were almost opposite to that of the period before the felling, with a tendency to recover to the situation prior the felling in 2010.
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Shepley, Mardelle McCuskey, Raymond Peter Gerbi, Angela E. Watson, Stephen Imgrund, and Rana Sagha-Zadeh. "The Impact of Daylight and Views on ICU Patients and Staff." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 5, no. 2 (January 2012): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193758671200500205.
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Objective: Using a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental study in two New Hampshire ICUs, the impact of daylight and window views on patient pain levels, length of stay, staff errors, absenteeism, and vacancy rates were examined. One ICU was operational until 2007, the second opened in 2007. ICU patients were randomly selected from cardiac surgery, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions of one or more days, 58 from the old ICU, and 52 from the new. Regular medical staff members assigned to the unit between October 2006 and September 2007 (old unit) and March 2008 and February 2009 (new unit) were included. Results: Variables other than unit design had a more significant impact on relative pain levels in each unit. Comparing light levels independent of ICU assignment supported the hypothesis that increased light levels reduce pain perception and length of stay, but the relationship was not statistically significant. One trend, not statistically significant, suggested that view was associated with reduced pain perception. A decrease in incident filings supported the hypothesis that improved natural light and views reduced errors, but results were not statistically significant. Some subcategories demonstrated significance. Mean absenteeism per person decreased from 38 to 23 hours from the old unit to the new (p = 0.05). Average vacancy rates decreased by 25% (from 10.12% to 7.49% staff openings per year) in the old and new units (p = 0.04). Conclusion: High levels of natural light and window views may positively affect staff absenteeism and staff vacancy. Factors such as medical errors, patient pain, and length of stay require additional research.
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Wu, Fuzhong, Wanqin Yang, Jian Zhang, and Renju Deng. "Fine root decomposition in two subalpine forests during the freeze–thaw season." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 2 (February 2010): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-194.
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Little is known about fine root decomposition during the freeze–thaw season. To characterize fine root decomposition during this time (from October 2006 to April 2007), a field experiment was conducted to examine the decomposition of fine roots (diameters of 0–1 and 1–2 mm) of Minjiang fir ( Abies faxoniana Rehd. & E.H. Wilson) and Asian white birch ( Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) using buried litterbags in their respective habitats in western Sichuan, China. Over one freeze–thaw season, 14%–20% of mass was lost and 12%–31% of C, 6%–36% of N, 15%–25% of P, and 37%–43% of K were released. These losses accounted for about 40%–55% of mass lost and 23%–54% of C, 23%–89% of N, 25%–42% of P, and 48%–58% of K released within the first year of fine root decomposition. The amount of mass loss and bioelements release during the freeze–thaw season correlated closely with initial substrate quality and bioelement traits. Compared with birch fine root, fir fine root decomposition could be influenced more by decomposition processes during the freeze–thaw season. Results suggest that fine root decomposition during the freeze–thaw season can strongly contribute to ecosystem C and nutrient cycling.
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Cima, Gibson Alessandro. "RESURRECTING SIZWE BANZI IS DEAD (1972–2008): JOHN KANI, WINSTON NTSHONA, ATHOL FUGARD, AND POSTAPARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA." Theatre Survey 50, no. 1 (April 22, 2009): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557409000088.
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On 30 June 2006 at the annual National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, South Africa, two giants of South African protest theatre, John Kani and Winston Ntshona, performed as the original cast of the landmark struggle drama Sizwe Banzi Is Dead (1972). The revival marked the first production of the play in over twenty-five years. After its brief stint at the National Arts Festival (30 June–5 July 2006), the play transferred to the Baxter Theatre in Cape Town (11 July–5 August) and then entertained a monthlong run at the State Theatre in Pretoria (17 August–17 September). After its turn at the State, the production stopped shortly at the Hilton College Theatre in KwaZulu Natal (19–23 September) before settling into an extended engagement at Johannesburg's Market Theatre (28 September to 22 October). In March 2007, the original cast revival of Sizwe traveled to the British National Theatre before finally ending its tour at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in April 2008.
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Ferrer, A., D. López, M. Vidal, M. Tobeña, S. Serrano, I. Pajares, E. Millastre, M. Ruiz-Echarri, J. Lambea, and A. Tres. "Evaluation of neurological symptoms in oncologic patients at the emergency department." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20728-e20728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20728.
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e20728 Background: Neurological symptoms in cancer patients are common and some of them represent a potentially serious situation. They are a frequent cause of complaint at the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of the study is to describe the profile of cancer patient who consult at ED for neurological symptoms, their diagnosis and management. Methods: From October 2007 to October 2008, all cancer patients treated at the ED of our hospital were prospectively collected. The reasons for consultation, diagnosis and clinical management are described. Results: A total of 560 cancer patients were enrolled. Of them, 61 patients (11%) consulted for a neurologic symptom: 50 of these patients (82%) were stage IV disease and 30 (49,2%) were receiving chemotherapy treatment. Of the total of patients, 14 (23%) had lung cancer; 10 patients (16%) had colorectal cancer; and 8 patients (13%) had primary central nervous system tumor. Most frequent causes of complaint were: low level of consciousness, 13 patients (21%); mobility deficit, 12 patients (19%); syncope, 9 patients (15%) and comitial crisis, 6 patients (10%). Of the patients who consulted for a neurological symptom, 52% of cases (32 patients) the cause was a structural lesion of central nervous system. Tumor progression was the diagnosis made in 27 patients (44,3%), in 14 patients (23%) the diagnosis was a metabolic alteration. A 69% of patients (42 patients) required hospitalization, 26% was discharged (16 patients) and 5% (3 patients) needed to be under observation during at least 24 hours. Conclusions: Neurological symptom is a frequent cause of complaint at ED for cancer patients. especially in patients in advanced stages. The most frequent diagnosis made because of these symptoms is tumor progression. Metabolic alterations are also an important diagnosis because of their frequency and because they can be solved by medical treatment. Most patients who consult for neurological symptoms need hospitalization. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Pelto, M. S. "Glacier annual balance measurement, forecasting and climate correlations, North Cascades, Washington 1984–2006." Cryosphere 2, no. 1 (January 25, 2008): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-2-13-2008.
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Abstract. North Cascade glacier annual balance measured on 10 glaciers from 1984–2006 yielded mean annual balance (ba) of −0.54 m/a, and −12.38 m cumulatively. This is a significant loss for glaciers that average 30–60 m in thickness, 20–40% of their entire volume. Two observed glaciers, Lewis Glacier and Spider Glacier, no longer exist. The ba of North Cascade glaciers is reliably calculated, correlation coefficient 0.91, using 1 April snowpack water equivalent and ablation season temperature. Utilizing ba from 10 glaciers 1984–2006 and net balance (bn) from South Cascade 1960–2005, a set of forecast rules for glacier mass balance were derived utilizing October–April Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation index values. The forecast rules provide a correct assessment in 41 of the 46 years for South Cascade Glacier and 20 of 23 years for NCGCP glaciers. Glacier annual balance forecasting is an important step for summer water resource management in glacier runoff dominated stream systems. The forecast for North Cascade glaciers in 2007 is for a negative ba.
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Yu, Xiao Ying, Mei Huang, and Jian Zhang. "Advanced PS-INSAR for Land Subsidence Monitoring in Cangzhou." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2772.
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The conventional D-InSAR technique has been successfully applied in the volcano, earthquake induced surface deformation monitoring of large scale. However it is restricted by the loss of coherence and atmospheric delay effect. Advanced PS-INSAR as IPTA (Interferometric Point Target Analysis) technology was used to monitor urban area in Cangzhou city. Linear equations and the periodic function were used to fit the region of the deformation field. The experimental results show that the region of maximum deformation rate up to 20mm/yr and the maximum deformation of 45mm at Mar. 2010 in the central of Cangzhou city with 17 ASAR data from 23 February 2007 to 15 October 2010. It is well correlation with groundwater monitor well’s water level. The results show IPTA technique is capable of detecting long-term accumulated crustal deformation on landslip and active faults and is superior to the conventional PS-INSAR in the realization of efficiency and data storage. It will become one of the most effective technologies to monitor of landslide, active faults and seismic deformation.
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Tahmina, Hosna Zari, Asma Rumanaz Shahid, Asma Ul Hosna, and Ashraful Alam. "Study on Outcome of Eclampsia Patients in District Hospital in Bangladesh." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 23, no. 2 (October 23, 2015): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i2.25395.
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The study was carried out to evaluate the fate and outcome of eclampsia patients and their neonates. This hospital based prospective study was done in Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, a 100 bed secondary health care centre in Chuadanga district in Bangladesh, from January 2007 to December 2009. The number of study population was 50, which include antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum eclampsia. Among them, 70% had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 10% had assisted vaginal delivery and 10% had caesarian section. 86% of the patient have good maternal outcome with the use of anti convulsant therapy. 46% of baby of total population have good neonatal outcome with or without immediate resuscitation. The outcome of eclampsia is satisfactory if immediate treatment is started. Hence, every patient should be admitted in hospital as soon as possible and receive anticonvulsant therapy immediately, even before admission in hospital. Patient should be delivered with special care as a high risk mother and neonatal support should be given to reduce both maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.2, October, 2014, Page 223-226