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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iceland. (2007 October 23)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Iceland. (2007 October 23)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Iceland. (2007 October 23)"

1

Gunnarsson, Andri, Sigurður M. Garðarsson, and Óli G. B. Sveinsson. "Icelandic snow cover characteristics derived from a gap-filled MODIS daily snow cover product." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 3021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3021-2019.

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Abstract. This study presents a spatio-temporal continuous data set for snow cover in Iceland based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 to 2018. Cloud cover and polar darkness are the main limiting factors for data availability of remotely sensed optical data at higher latitudes. In Iceland the average cloud cover is 75 % with some spatial variations, and polar darkness reduces data availability from the MODIS sensor from late November until mid January. In this study MODIS snow cover data were validated over Iceland with comparison to manned in situ observations and Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 data. Overall a good agreement was found between in situ observed snow cover, with an average agreement of 0.925. Agreement of Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel 2 was found to be acceptable, with R2 values 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively, and in agreement with other studies. By applying daily data merging from Terra and Aqua and a temporal aggregation of 7 d, unclassified pixels were reduced from 75 % to 14 %. The remaining unclassified pixels after daily merging and temporal aggregation were removed with classification learners trained with classified data, pixel location, aspect and elevation. Various snow cover characteristic metrics were derived for each pixel such as snow cover duration, first and last snow-free dates, deviation and dynamics of snow cover and trends during the study period. On average the first snow-free date in Iceland is 27 June, with a standard deviation of 19.9 d. For the study period a trend of increasing snow cover duration was observed for all months except October and November. However, statistical testing of the trends indicated that there was only a significant trend in June.

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Sodemann, H., A. S. Palmer, C. Schwierz, M. Schwikowski, and H. Wernli. "The transport history of two Saharan dust events archived in an Alpine ice core." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 26, 2005): 7497–545. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-7497-2005.

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Abstract. Mineral dust from the Saharan desert can be transported across the Mediterranean towards the Alpine region several times a year. Occasionally, the dust is deposited with snowfall on Alpine glaciers and appears then as yellow or red layers in ice cores. Two such significant dust events were identified in an ice core drilled at the high-accumulation site Piz Zupó in the Swiss Alps (46°22' N, 9°55' E, 3850 m a.s.l.). From stable oxygen isotopes and major ion concentrations, the events were approximately dated as October and March 2000. In order to link the dust record in the ice core to the meteorological situation that led to the dust events, a novel methodology based on back-trajectory analysis was developed. It allowed for the identification of source regions, the atmospheric transport pathways, and wet deposition periods for both dust events. Furthermore, differences in the chemical signature of the two dust events could be interpreted with respect to contributions from the dust sources and aerosol scavenging during the transport. The dust deposition during the October event took place during 13–16 October 2000. Mobilisation areas of dust were mainly identified in the Algerian and Libyan deserts. A combination of an upper-level potential vorticity streamer and a midlevel jet across Algeria first brought moist Atlantic air and later mixed air from the tropics and Saharan desert across the Mediterranean towards the Alps. The March event consisted of two different deposition phases which took place during 18–20 and 23–26 March 2000. The first phase was associated with an exceptional transport pattern past Iceland and towards the Alps from northerly directions. The second phase was similar to the October event. A significant peak of methanesulphonic acid associated with the March dust event was most likely caused by incorporation of biogenic aerosol while passing through the marine boundary layer of the western Mediterranean during a local phytoplankton bloom. From this study, we conclude that the whole sequence of mobilisation, transport, and deposition of mineral aerosol should be considered for a detailed understanding of the chemical signal recorded in the ice core at Piz Zupó.

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Sodemann, H., A. S. Palmer, C. Schwierz, M. Schwikowski, and H. Wernli. "The transport history of two Saharan dust events archived in an Alpine ice core." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 3 (February 28, 2006): 667–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-667-2006.

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Abstract. Mineral dust from the Saharan desert can be transported across the Mediterranean towards the Alpine region several times a year. When coinciding with snowfall, the dust can be deposited on Alpine glaciers and then appears as yellow or red layers in ice cores. Two such significant dust events were identified in an ice core drilled at the high-accumulation site Piz Zupó in the Swiss Alps (46°22' N, 9°55' E, 3850 m a.s.l.). From stable oxygen isotopes and major ion concentrations, the events were approximately dated as October and March 2000. In order to link the dust record in the ice core to the meteorological situation that led to the dust events, a novel methodology based on back-trajectory analysis was developed. It allowed the detailed analysis of the specific meteorologic flow evolution that was associated with Saharan dust transport into the Alps, and the identification of dust sources, atmospheric transport paths, and wet deposition periods for both dust events. Differences in the chemical signature of the two dust events were interpreted with respect to contributions from the dust sources and aerosol scavenging during the transport. For the October event, the trajectory analysis indicated that dust deposition took place during 13–15 October 2000. Mobilisation areas of dust were mainly identified in the Algerian and Libyan deserts. A combination of an upper-level potential vorticity streamer and a midlevel jet across Algeria first brought moist Atlantic air and later mixed air from the tropics and Saharan desert across the Mediterranean towards the Alps. The March event consisted of two different deposition phases which took place during 17–19 and 23–25 March 2000. The first phase was associated with an exceptional transport pathway past Iceland and towards the Alps from northerly directions. The second phase was similar to the October event. A significant peak of methanesulphonic acid associated with the March dust event was most likely caused by incorporation of biogenic aerosol while passing through the marine boundary layer of the western Mediterranean during a local phytoplankton bloom. From this study, we conclude that for a detailed understanding of the chemical signal recorded in dust events at Piz Zupó, it is essential to consider the whole transport sequence of mineral aerosol, consisting of dust mobilisation, transport, and deposition at the glacier.

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4

Phuc, La The, Hiroshi Tachihara, Tsutomu Honda, Luong Thi Tuat, Bui Van Thom, Nguyen Hoang, Yuriko Chikano, et al. "Geological values of lava caves in Krongno Volcano Geopark, Dak Nong, Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/4/13101.

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The paper presents the initial results of the study of volcanic cave system and its typical formations in Krongno Volcano Geopark (KVG), Dak Nong, Vietnam. The volcanic caves have been discovered since 2007, under UNESCO sponsored the scientific project, are seen as unique geological heritages. The collaborative surveys and studies between Vietnamese geologists and the members of the Non-Profit Organization, Vulcanospeleological Society of Japan have discovered and surveyed 45 caves, and detailed mapping 20 caves. Using a complex of adequate methods, especially Remote Sensing image interpretation method, Surveying and mapping lava cave method, K/Ar dating isotopic analytical method and Current methodology, the studies aim to affirm endogenous origin of the lava cave system, the formation mechanism, as well as the typical formations of the caves. Up to date, the lava caves and interior formation in lava caves in KVG have been examined and evaluated in term of geological nature and recognized as pillar geological heritages of the Geopark.References Allred K., AllredC., 1997. Development and morphology of Kazumura Cave, Hawaii. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 59(2), 67-80.Allred K., Allred C., 1997. Tubular lava stalactites and other related segregations. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 60(3), 131-140.Barnabás Korbély, 2014. Diverse volcanic features as dominant landscape elements and pillars of geotourism in the Bakony-Balaton Geopark, Hungary. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st, 2014. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 35-38.Bird Deanne K., et al., 2014. Southern Iceland: Volcanoes, Tourism and Volcanic Risk Reduction.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 35-46. Cooper Malcolm J.M., 2014. Volcanic National Parks in Japan.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 231-246.Dave Bunnell, 2014. The virtual lava cave Created: August 4, 2000.Last update: December 16, 2014. Reviewed by Kevin & Carlene Allred. Available at:<http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtual_tube/virtube.html). Date accessed: 02 May 2018.Gadányi P., 2010. Formation, types and morphology of basalt lava caves. PhD. thesises. University of Pécs Faculty of Natural Sciences Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, Hungary, 1-19.Gaki-Papanastassiou, Kalliopi, et al., 2014. Volcano Tourism in Greece: Two Case Studies of Volcanic Islands.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 69-87.Honda T., Tachihara H., 2015. Vietnam Volcanic Cave Survey. e-NEWSLETTER, UIS Commission on Volcanic caves, 69, 11-12. Honda T., Tinsley J.C., 2016. Classification of lava tubes from Hydrodynamic models for active lava tube, filled lava tube and drained lava tube. 17th International Vulcanospeleology symposium in Hawaii, USA. Sponsored by the Commission on volcanic caves of the International Union of Speleology.Larson C.V., 1991. Nomenclatures of lava tube features. 6th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology in Hawaii. Published by the National Speleological Society, 231-248.Laumanns M., 2013. Important Lava Tube Caves found in Dong Nai Province Southern Vietnam. e-NEWSLETTER, UIS Commission on Volcanic caves, 67, 13. Machado M., Lima E., 2014. Geotourism and sustainable development partnerships in the Azores Geopark. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 45-48.Moreira Jasmine Cardozo, et al., 2014.Tourism and Volcanism in the Canary Islands, Spain. In Volcanic Tourist Destinations.Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 47-55.Nelson S.A., 2017. Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.EENS 1110. Physical Geology.Tulane University. New Orleans, USA.Nguyen Duc Thang (Ed.), 1989. Geology and Mineral Resources of Ben Khe - Dong Nai sheet at scale 1:200,000. General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam. Hanoi. Nunes, João Caros., 2014. The Azores Archipelago: Islands of Geodiversity.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 57-67.Nunes João Caros., 2014. Azores Geopark volcanoes and volcanic landforms. Valuating the Azorean geodiversity and geosites through the geotourism. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 41-43.Ogawa T., 1993. On lava caves in Japan and vicinity.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 56- 73.Patricia Erfurt-Cooper, 2014. Volcanic Geo-heritage.Sustainable Tourism Development in Volcanic Regions: Geoparks, National Parks and World Heritage Sites. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 23-25.Peterson D.W., Holcomb R.T., Tilling R.I., Christiansen R.L., 1994. Development of lava tubes in the light of observations at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56, 343-360.

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5

Helgason, Hannes, Thjodbjorg Eiriksdottir, Magnus O. Ulfarsson, Abhishek Choudhary, Sigrun H. Lund, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, et al. "Evaluation of Large-Scale Proteomics for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events." JAMA 330, no. 8 (August 22, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.13258.

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ImportanceWhether protein risk scores derived from a single plasma sample could be useful for risk assessment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), in conjunction with clinical risk factors and polygenic risk scores, is uncertain.ObjectiveTo develop protein risk scores for ASCVD risk prediction and compare them to clinical risk factors and polygenic risk scores in primary and secondary event populations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe primary analysis was a retrospective study of primary events among 13 540 individuals in Iceland (aged 40-75 years) with proteomics data and no history of major ASCVD events at recruitment (study duration, August 23, 2000 until October 26, 2006; follow-up through 2018). We also analyzed a secondary event population from a randomized, double-blind lipid-lowering clinical trial (2013-2016), consisting of individuals with stable ASCVD receiving statin therapy and for whom proteomic data were available for 6791 individuals.ExposuresProtein risk scores (based on 4963 plasma protein levels and developed in a training set in the primary event population); polygenic risk scores for coronary artery disease and stroke; and clinical risk factors that included age, sex, statin use, hypertension treatment, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and smoking status at the time of plasma sampling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were composites of myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary heart disease death or cardiovascular death. Performance was evaluated using Cox survival models and measures of discrimination and reclassification that accounted for the competing risk of non-ASCVD death.ResultsIn the primary event population test set (4018 individuals [59.0% women]; 465 events; median follow-up, 15.8 years), the protein risk score had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.93 per SD (95% CI, 1.75 to 2.13). Addition of protein risk score and polygenic risk scores significantly increased the C index when added to a clinical risk factor model (C index change, 0.022 [95% CI, 0.007 to 0.038]). Addition of the protein risk score alone to a clinical risk factor model also led to a significantly increased C index (difference, 0.014 [95% CI, 0.002 to 0.028]). Among White individuals in the secondary event population (6307 participants; 432 events; median follow-up, 2.2 years), the protein risk score had an HR of 1.62 per SD (95% CI, 1.48 to 1.79) and significantly increased C index when added to a clinical risk factor model (C index change, 0.026 [95% CI, 0.011 to 0.042]). The protein risk score was significantly associated with major adverse cardiovascular events among individuals of African and Asian ancestries in the secondary event population.Conclusions and RelevanceA protein risk score was significantly associated with ASCVD events in primary and secondary event populations. When added to clinical risk factors, the protein risk score and polygenic risk score both provided statistically significant but modest improvement in discrimination.

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6

Kingman, John. "David George Kendall. 15 January 1918 — 23 October 2007." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55 (January 2009): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2008.0017.

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David Kendall was the father of modern probability theory in Britain, a powerful and scholarly mathematician equally at home in abstract theory and in perceptive applications to diverse fields. Through his own research, his influence on generations of students, and from 1962 his leadership of the Cambridge Statistical Laboratory, he inspired the parallel developments of stochastic analysis and applied probability, as well as the statistical analysis of complex structured data.

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7

Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg G., Gudrun Marteinsdottir, and Steven E. Campana. "Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 9 (November 2, 2007): 1749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm157.

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Abstract Jónsdóttir, I. G., Marteinsdottir, G., and Campana, S. E. 2007. Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 000–000. Otolith chemistry and length-at-age were used to estimate the contribution of different spawning components to the harvested stock of cod (Gadus morhua) at two of their main feeding grounds northwest and east of Iceland. Spawning cod were sampled at different spawning locations around Iceland in spring of 2002 and 2003. Significant differences were detected between cod from the different spawning locations. Cod of unknown stock origin were also sampled at two of the main feeding grounds in October of the same years. Analyses based on maximum likelihood were used to estimate the proportion of each spawning group in the mixed stock catches using otolith chemistry and fish length-at-age. Attempts to use otolith shape to estimate the contribution of the spawning groups to the mixed harvested stock were, however, unsuccessful. The results indicated that spawning locations northwest and north of Iceland, as well as in water deeper than 125 m south of Iceland, contributed the most to the harvested stock. Cod spawning shallower than 125 m south of Iceland did not contribute to the feeding grounds in October of 2002 and 2003. Therefore, exploitation of the feeding stock mixtures seems to be based on spawning components that have previously been considered to be of minor importance to the Icelandic cod stock.

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8

Bernard, H., N. G. Schwarz, A. Melnic, V. Bucov, N. Caterinciuc, R. G. Pebody, M. Mulders, C. Aidyralieva, and S. Hahné. "Mumps outbreak ongoing since October 2007 in the Republic of Moldova." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 13 (March 27, 2008): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.13.08079-en.

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The Republic of Moldova is experiencing a nationwide mumps outbreak, with a total of 19,550 notified cases as of 23 March 2008. The outbreak started in October 2007, with 105 cases notified in that month compared to an average number of 24 cases per month notified between January and September 2007. Between 1 October and 31 December 2007, 1,524 cases were notified.

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9

Greenspan, Ralph J. "Correction for Seymour Benzer. 15 October 1921 — 30 November 2007." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 59 (January 2013): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2012.0045.

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Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc. 58 , 23–32 (2012; Published online 18 July 2012) ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2012.0031 ) We regret that on page 26 the election of Guido Pontecorvo to the Royal Society is incorrectly referred to as ‘(ForMemRS 1955)’; this should read ‘(FRS 1955)’.

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10

Faure, Michael. "The Continuing Story of Environmental Criminal Law in Europe after 23 October 2007." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 17, Issue 1 (February 1, 2008): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2008006.

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Books on the topic "Iceland. (2007 October 23)"

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United States. Department of State, ed. Double taxation: Convention between the United States of America and Iceland; signed at Washington, October 23, 2007. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, 2011.

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United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush) and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, eds. Tax convention with Iceland: Message from the President of the United States transmitting Convention Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Iceland for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, and accompanying protocol, signed on October 23, 2007, at Washington, D.C. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008.

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Gerd, Kortuem, ed. Smart sensing and context: Second European conference, EuroSSC 2007, Kendal, England, October 23-25, 2007 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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N, Douglas Andrea, and EUniversity of Virginia. Art Museum, eds. William Christenberry: Site/possession : University of Virginia Art Museum, October 19-December 23, 2007. Charlottesville, Va: University of Virginia Art Museum, 2007.

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Sydney, Omarr, and Tonsing Carol, eds. Sydney Omarr's day-by-day astrological guide for Scorpio, October 23-November 21, 2007. New York: Signet, 2006.

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Art, Seibu Museum of, Kyoto Kokuritsu Kindai Bijutsuken, Yurakucho Art Forum, and Nordic Council of Ministers, eds. Scandinavian craft today: 35 artists from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden : October 23-November 10, 1987, Yurakucho Art Forum. Tokyo: Seibu Museum of Art, 1987.

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Library, Pitts Theology. Luther and the arts: Twentieth annual celebration of reformation day at Emory : October 23, 2007. Atlanta: Pitts Theology Library, 2007.

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Emerald Ash Borer Research and Development Meeting (2007 Pittsburgh, Pa.). Emerald Ash Borer Research and Development Meeting: October 23-24, 2007, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania : [proceedings abstracts]. Morgantown, W. Va: Forest Health Technology Enterp[r]ise Team, 2008.

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Karen, Yorav, ed. Hardware and software, verification and testing: Third International Haifa Verification Conference, HVC 2007, Haifa, Israel, October 23-25, 2007 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (48th 2007 Providence, R.I.). Proceedings of the 48th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science: [FOCS 2007] : October 20-23, 2007, Providence, Rhode Island. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iceland. (2007 October 23)"

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"No. 1306/2004 Haraldsson and Sveinsson v. Iceland (Views adopted on 24 October 2007, ninety-first session)." In Report of the Human Rights Committee: 91st Session; 92nd Session; 93rd Session, 56–79. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/fe338659-en.

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"Report 80/07 Case 11.658 Merits (Publication) Martín Pelicó Coxic et al. Guatemala October 15, 2007." In Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 23 (2007), 37–86. Brill | Nijhoff, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004530317_006.

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"Report N° 81/07 Merits Publication Case 12.504 Daniel and Kornel Vaux Guyana October 15, 2007." In Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 23 (2007), 87–107. Brill | Nijhoff, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004530317_007.

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"Report N° 79/07 Case 12.513 Merits (Publication) Prince Pinder Commonwealth of the Bahamas October 15, 2007." In Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 23 (2007), 25–36. Brill | Nijhoff, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004530317_005.

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"Report N° 78/07 Case 12.265 Merits (Publication) Chad Roger Goodman Commonwealth of the Bahamas October 15, 2007." In Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 23 (2007), 3–24. Brill | Nijhoff, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004530317_004.

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Gross, Alan G. "Rachel Carson: The Ethical Sublime." In The Scientific Sublime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637774.003.0012.

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Rachel Carson has become Saint Rachel, canonized time and again by the environmental movement. May 27, 2007, marked the 100th anniversary of her birth. In that year, the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History in Brewster, Massachusetts, hosted a major Rachel Carson centennial exhibition. The show was a partnership project of the museum and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and it featured artifacts, writings, photographs, and artwork from Carson’s life and career. In 2012, the 50th anniversary of the publication of Silent Spring was commemorated by a Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens event and exhibit. From September 7 through October 23, the exhibit presented artwork, photos, and interpretive panels in the visitor center. Canonization, and the posthumous fame it bestows, comes at a price: the disappearance of the Rachel Carson whose work was driven by two forces. The first was the love of nature. A perceptive review of The Sea Around Us compares Carson with great science writers who share with her a love of nature: . . . It is not an accident of history that Gilbert White and Charles Darwin described flora and fauna with genius, nor that the great mariners and voyagers in distant lands can re-create their experiences as part of our own. They wrote as they saw and their honest, questing eye, their care for detail is raised to the power of art by a deep-felt love of nature, and respect for all things that live and move and have their being. . . . The second force was the love of a woman, Dorothy Freeman, a person who in Carson’s view made her later life endurable and her later work possible: . . . All I am certain of is this: that it is quite necessary for me to know that there is someone who is deeply devoted to me as a person, and who also has the capacity and the depth of understanding to share, vicariously, the sometimes crushing burden of creative effort, recognizing the heartache, the great weariness of mind and body, the occasional black despair it may involve—someone who cherishes me and what I am trying to create, as well. . . .

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Conference papers on the topic "Iceland. (2007 October 23)"

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Anandapadmanaban, B., A. Babu, B. Babu, K. Dinesh, V. Ramanathan, and G. Srinivasan. "Life Extension of the Fast Breeder Test Reactor." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29277.

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The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) is a loop type sodium cooled fast reactor located at Kalpakkam, India. The reactor went critical in October, 1985 with a core of 23 unique high Plutonium carbide fuel subassemblies and the reactor power was rated for 10.5MWt with peak linear heat rating of fuel at 320W/cm. The extension of the target burn-up of this fuel based on Post Irradiation Examination at different stages enabled progressive expansion of the core and increase in reactor power. The reactor has been operated upto a power level of 18.6MWt/3MWe with a sodium temperature of 482°C max. The reactor has completed 24 years of operation and is currently under periodic safety review by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India. As a part of the periodic safety review, equipment qualification status and ageing management studies have been presented to the regulators. Equipment qualification refers to the ability of the replaceable equipment to meet the functional requirements on demand, accomplished by periodic surveillance, maintenance and replacement. Ageing management addresses the residual life assessment of components which are passive, non-replaceable / replaceable with difficulty, taking into account their life degrading mechanisms. Over a period of time, based on the operational feedback, maintenance difficulties and obsolescence, several major components have been replaced. These include the Neutronic channels, UPS, computers of the Central Data Processing System, main boiler feed pumps, three control rod drive mechanisms, two control rods, central canal plug, deaerator lift pumps, reheaters of the steam water system, station batteries, DM plant and Nitrogen plant. The starting air system of the emergency diesel generators and isolation dampers of the reactor containment building have also been replaced. Regarding the non-replaceable components, residual life assessment has been carried out based on the operational history vis-a`-vis the design limits for each component. The life limiting mechanism of heat transport systems of FBTR are creep and fatigue. Since the reactor has operated only upto a temperature of 444°C till 2007, the creep effect is insignificant. The total number of thermal cycles seen by the reactor components as of 2007 was 163, as against the design cycle of 2000 for most of the components. Hence all the heat transport system components are as good as fresh ones. However, the major life limiting factor has been found to be the Neutronic fluence on the grid plate which supports the core. The fast flux at the grid plate location was measured using Np foils and the residual life of the reactor has been assessed to be 10.5 effective full power years. This paper details the life extension exercise being carried out for FBTR.

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