Journal articles on the topic 'Icebreakers (Ships) Design and construction'
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Klauz, Artem V., Igor E. Frolov, Vladimir V. Kharitonov, and Aleksandra A. Shaeva. "Methodology for calculating the criteria of economic efficiency of investments in nuclear icebreakers." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.78501.
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An economic and analytical model for evaluating the criteria of efficiency (profitability) of investments in the projects of innovative nuclear icebreakers of the Northern Sea Route is suggested. The model is based on the new analytical representation of the methodology for forecasting the investment project efficiency that is widely used in international practice. The mathematical expression for the net discounted income provides convenient formulas for calculating several investment efficiency criteria for nuclear icebreakers: internal rate of return, minimum annual revenues from icebreaker convoys, discounted payback period, and the volume of delivered cargo. The paper gives estimates of the criteria for the efficiency of investments in “Leader” class icebreakers that depend on the discount rate of cash flows, capital, and operating costs. It is shown that at high capital costs, typical for construction of “Leader” class nuclear icebreakers, the minimum required revenue of an icebreaker, representing a financial burden for ships transporting cargo along the NSR, rapidly increases with the growth of discount rate and the reduction of investment payback period. This means that the profitability of such icebreakers is only possible at low discount rates of 2–3% per year, which is an extremely low-interest credit. Even with low interest and impressive technical characteristics of the icebreaker (high speed of navigation, large number of ships in the caravan and their maximum capacity) the payback period would exceed 25 years.
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Dick, R. A., and J. E. Laframboise. "An Empirical Review of the Design and Performance of Icebreakers." Marine Technology and SNAME News 26, no. 02 (April 1, 1989): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1989.26.2.145.
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This paper utilizes available data on existing icebreaking ships to compile a review of the design features that influence ship performance. The data were extracted from a recently completed review of the state of the art of Arctic ship technology and include icebreaking ships from Argentina, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and West Germany. It is the aim of this paper to offer guidance in the initial stages of icebreaker design and thereby give confidence to the designer in the selection of dimensions, hull shape and propulsion.
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McMillan, Dave. "Design, Construction, and Operation of Niagara River Icebreakers." Marine Technology and SNAME News 32, no. 02 (April 1, 1995): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1995.32.2.101.
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This paper describes the design and construction of two small icebreakers for operation exclusively in the fast-flowing Niagara River above the celebrated falls. Special features of these purpose-built craft—which due to their dangerous operating environment include many redundant systems—are presented. Results of maneuvering trials and model tests are given, along with a comparison between hull forms of the two vessels—Ontario Hydro's Niagara Queen II and the William H. Latham, operated by the New York Power Authority.
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Khlystova, Ksenija, Aleksandr Andryushin, and Anatoliy Petrov. "Design specifics of wide-blade propellers for ice-going ships and icebreakers." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre, SPECIAL ISSUE 1 (April 16, 2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-1-s-i-9-16.
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Propeller of the shallow-water icebreaker (wide blades, blade area ratio EAR = 0.87) is designed to ensure power efficiency and second step cavitation prevention at bollard pull. Modified sharp profile is applied to reduce ice loads acting on propeller and propulsion complex as well as to ensure main electric engine operability. Based on the updated CNIIMF procedure for structural design of ice-breaking propellers, this study determines global and local ice loads on propeller blades, calculates their stress-strain state and assigns the scantlings for wide-blade propeller so as to ensure fatigue and static strength (including edges and peripheric sections).
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Gagarinov, I. "Structures of high-power electric propulsion systems." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, no. 395 (March 9, 2021): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-395-119-131.
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Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses structures of high-power electric propulsion systems for ships. The purpose was to give a summary of design solutions made in development of these systems. Materials and methods. This paper relies on academic and technical data, as well on the long-term author’s experience in marine electric propulsion R&Ds. The solution suggested by the author is based on the comparative analysis of design solutions adopted in the development of structures for high-power marine electric power and propulsion systems. Main results. Summary on design solutions for high-power electric propulsion systems of such ships as icebreakers, oil tankers, LNGCs and cruise liners. Conclusion. Results obtained by author were used in the design of the electric propulsion system of the «Lider» nuclear icebreaker and further could be used in design of Arctic vessels.
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Veselov, V. A., M. V. Kitaev, P. O. Pastukhov, and O. E. Surov. "The Influence of Ice-Resistant Coatings Characteristics to the Energy Efficiency of Ice-Going Ships." E3S Web of Conferences 320 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132001007.
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The main purpose of ice-resistant coatings designed for icebreakers and ice navigation ships is the ability to protect of the ship’s hull in the most severe operating conditions. The special coatings certified by the Classification Societies for ice abrasion can provide this protection. These coatings allow to reduce the required thickness of the ship’s hull and reduce the construction weight of the ships. On the other hand, these coatings must have a low friction coefficient, which reduce the frictional resistance of the hull on ice and fuel consumption, increase the service life of the ship and power plant, reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and affect to the operational and economic efficiency of the ship. In this paper, we present the results of experimental tests of friction coefficient on ice for various types of ice-resistant coatings and analysis the influence of ice-resistant coatings characteristics to the energy efficiency of ice-going ships.
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Brown, Peter W., Ian J. Jordaan, Maher A. Nessim, and Mahmoud M. R. Haddara. "Optimization of Bow Plating for Icebreakers." Journal of Ship Research 40, no. 01 (March 1, 1996): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1996.40.1.70.
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The objective of the work reported here is to ensure that ice-capable ships are both safe and economical. It is largely based on research conducted over the past two decades. The present methodology allows the designer to calculate a bow plating thickness which will resist local ice loads and be cost-effective. Full-scale data for the MV Canmar Kigoriak and USCGC Polar Sea were ranked, curves were fitted through the tail of each data set, and a Type I extreme probability distribution was derived for each data set. The Canmar Kigoriak data were then subdivided based on contact area and a simulation was performed to derive the load distributions on subregions of the instrumented panel, termed subpanels. On the basis of this analysis, a local ice load model was validated and is used in the subsequent analysis. To evaluate the strength of the bow plating, three limit stages (three-hinge collapse, permanent set, and membrane collapse) are considered. Statistical distributions for each of the input parameters are established. The probability of failure is calculated for each limit state corresponding to a range of plate thicknesses, frame spacings, and annual numbers of impacts, using First Order Reliability Method software. Plate thickness is optimized for minimum cost. Minimum safety levels for permanent set and membrane collapse are also specified. The objective function considers costs due to construction, aesthetics, repair, and replacement. An empirical expression for the expected annual cost of damage is developed. Optimum plating thicknesses are specified. Costs associated with lost use of the vessel or increased steel weight can also be specified.
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Romanovsky, V., B. Nikiforov, and A. Avramenko. "Improvement of lithium-ion rechargeable battery (LIRB) for Electric Ships." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042100.
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Abstract The rapid improvement of lithium-ion rechargeable battery (LIRB) has given a powerful impetus to the development of environmentally friendly, powerful and universal for use on ships and underwater vehicles. The practice of building electric ships for many years has confirmed the effectiveness of electric propulsion for many types of vessels. Organically, electric propulsion fits into icebreakers and those vessels whose operation is associated with increased maneuvering modes and variable loads on propellers. LIRB has been actively used on ferries operating in a wide range of outdoor temperatures. On diesel-electric submarines (DES), the use of rechargeable batteries is traditional and is the main source of electricity. The subsequent development of new sources of electricity, the improvement of power semiconductor devices and microelectronics has led to the successful implementation of ideas for the construction of fully electric offshore facilities.
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Michalski, Jan. "A method for selection of parameters of ship propulsion system fitted with compromise screw propeller." Polish Maritime Research 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-007-0032-y.
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A method for selection of parameters of ship propulsion system fitted with compromise screw propeller This paper concerns an algorithmic method for preliminary selection of parameters of ship propulsion system fitted with fixed screw propeller in the case when the ship's operation is associated with significant changes of waterway depth and width, hull resistance of the ship and its service speed. Mathematical model arguments of the considered design problem are main ship design parameters identified in the preliminary design stage. Structure of the formulated model complies with formal requirements for continuous- discrete mathematical optimization problems. The presented examples of application of the method concern an inland waterways ship fitted with compromise screw propeller optimized in the sense of minimization of fuel consumption for passing a given route distance within a given time. The elaborated method may be especially useful in designing such ships as: coasters, inland waterways ships, tugs, pushers, trawlers, mine sweepers, icebreakers etc.
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Petrov, Aleksey, and Marina Shilkina. "Peculiarities of metal consumption calculations for ice belt of tanker to change its ice class." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre, SPECIAL ISSUE 1 (April 16, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-1-s-i-44-48.
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This paper discusses the assignment of this or that ice class as per RS system. The calculations have been prepared to develop a universal tool for comparative metal consumption assessment of ice belts aboard ice-going ships, which might be implemented by determination in terms of the two classifications of ice-going ships and icebreakers of all ship parameters that influence, directly or indirectly, on required metal weight of ice belt structures. This approach is illustrated by a case study: calculation of required ice belt size for a tanker to change her ice class. These results made it possible to judge about metal consumption of ice belt structure and suggest a possible way for its optimization. Additionally, cost effectiveness of hull upgrade was compared for the two variants of ice belt design. The conclusions of this paper underline the necessity of automated calculations for fast assessment of metal consumption and repair costs.
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Zhang, Xuchen, Linru Chi, and Ziqiang Li. "Structural Strength Design and Navigation Capability Analysis of Polar Cruise." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102066.
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The “Ice Silk Road” is an effective extension of China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative. The construction of the “Ice Silk Road” and the development and utilization of polar waterways urgently need the equipment support of polar ships. Nowadays, the design and construction of polar cruise ships has gradually become a hot spot, but there is still a lot of room for development of such ships. Based on the relevant requirements of BV classification society and IACS, this article analyzes the current situation of polar cruises’ structural strength and operational capabilities, and evaluates the overall capabilities of polar cruises, which has a certain reference value for the design and construction of cruise ships that will be developed in the future.
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Nayana. "Investigation of Operational Efficiency using Stochastic Models for Electric propulsion in Ships." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation 2, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2020.2.004.
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In various models of vehicle drive trains, issues such as improving electric propulsion reliability, environmental performance, and economic efficiency has been enabled by the recent developments in electric power engineering in terms of materials, equipment and technologies. The increasing requirements in ecological parameters, efficiency for fault tolerance and reliability, accurate selection of design features and type of electric propulsion drive as well as the limitations on the traction equipment weight and installation space are the important parameters for execution of the system approach. The automobile electric propulsion systems consisting of one or more traction motors and few generating elements and their operational efficiency are analysed by means of stochastic models. Aircrafts, hybrid cars, diesel-electric locomotives, arctic cargo ships and icebreakers are ideal platforms for implementation of the propulsion system. The load modes of traction electric motors, operational fuel consumption, energy output of thermal engines and several other probabilistic characters of operational processes and random factors that influence the simulation result accuracy cannot be evaluated using the deterministic approach.
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Harding, J. E. "Design of ships structures." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(95)90002-2.
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Korolev, Vladimir I. "Rapid preliminary modeling of transport reactor cores." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.65310.
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At the present time, JSC Baltiskiy zavod has built and transported to the deployment site at Pevek Akademik Lomonosov, a floating nuclear power unit (FNPU), project 20870. There are also three multi-purpose nuclear icebreakers of project 22220 (Arktika, Sibir, Ural) under construction at Baltiskiy being at different readiness stages. A decision has been made to build a nuclear icebreaker, Lider, of even a higher power. Integral reactors developed by JSC OKBM Afrikantov are installed in the nuclear icebreakers using new assembly-type cores which have not been used earlier in floating facilities. A great deal of preliminary calculation is required to give these cores as advantageous characteristics as possible. The paper proposes a procedure for rapid modeling of floating cores with varied operating and design characteristics. This procedure can be used as part of preliminary modeling. The procedure is based on using a combined dimensionless parameter proposed by the author in (Korolev 2009). A chart is presented to model the key performance of cores for floating objects with a nuclear reactor NPPs. Eight assembly-type core options, which can be installed in transport reactors of a modular or integral design, are analyzed.
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Korolev, Vladimir I. "ANALYSIS OF NEW TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE RITM-200 REACTOR PLANT IN THE PROJECT 22220 OF UNIVERSAL NUCLEAR ICEBREAKERS." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 14, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2022-14-6-945-960.
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The project 22220 of a new two-stage universal nuclear icebreaker involves the construction of 5 similar icebreakers to work in the Arctic. At the same time, two icebreakers of this project are already in operation. RITM-200 reactor installations are installed on icebreakers. The main feature of these reactor installations (RI) is the monoblock layout of the main equipment. This type of layout should gradually replace existing since 1975 and a positively proven block layout of the reactor installation. To date, the development of new reactor installations is small and it is too early to talk about the practical results of their operation, but it is possible to discuss new technical solutions in the project. At the same time, there is a long experience in the operation of previous projects of nuclear icebreakers (10520, 10521, 10580) with a total operating time of about 400 reactor years. The received comprehensive information on the creation and operation of these facilities is a solid basis for comparing the technical solutions used on new universal nuclear icebreakers, including on the reactor installations. A methodology for comparing already known technical solutions for existing installations with new ones proposed by the designer is proposed in the paper. In this situation, the author acts as an independent expert with an assessment of the relative positivity of new technical solutions. At the same time, the assessment is carried out according to 6 comparison criteria developed on the basis of the analysis of the accompanying technical documentation on reactor installation developed by the Afrikantov OKBM. Six most important new integrated technical solutions for the modernization of the reactor installation for universal nuclear icebreakers are considered. Such an analysis is also important because an optimized power unit for low-power floating nuclear power plants is being developed on the basis of the design experience gained. As an energy source, two RHYTHM-200M steering wheels are used here. In addition, the RITM-400 reactor plant with a thermal capacity of 315 MW for the leader icebreaker with a capacity of 120 MW is conceptually similar to the RITM-200 and the differences are mainly due to increased thermal power and an increased number of energy loops while maintaining dimensions. The analysis has showed that the complexes of technical solutions mainly have a high relative positivity and take into account the latest scientific achievements and technology development.
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Edwards, Clinton R. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FIFTEENTH-CENTURY IBERIAN SHIPS: A REVIEW." Mariner's Mirror 78, no. 4 (January 1992): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1992.10656420.
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Zhang, Zhijie, Yonggang Zong, and Xiandong Zhao. "Design and research of port automatic magnetic mooring device based on electromagnetic technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/3/032118.
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Abstract With the rapid development of modern science and technology, ship design and construction are becoming more and more large-scale, professional and intelligent, and the degree of integration, intelligence and modularization of port and terminal equipment is also getting higher and higher. Smart ships and wisdom The construction of ports has become an important trend in the development of the shipping industry. Although the rope materials of modern ships have been greatly improved, the main mooring method of ships still relies on the traditional operation method of manual mooring [1], which has low operation efficiency, high degree of danger and high risk factor. This article mainly studies the use of electromagnetic technology to realize the automatic berthing and unberthing of ships. The electromagnetic mooring device is controlled by the remote control system to realize the automatic berthing and unberthing operations of the ship, and the height and angle are automatically adjusted according to the tide and loading conditions to realize berthing monitoring.
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Sato, Shuji, and Shizuo Suzuki. "IHI Zone Logic Application to Electrical Outfitting on Highly Sophisticated Ships." Journal of Ship Production 6, no. 02 (May 1, 1990): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1990.6.2.93.
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Outfitting electrical cable in highly sophisticated ships, such as research vessels and patrol boats, has a significant impact on every aspect of ship construction, modernization, overhaul, and repair. In other words, cost, schedule adherence, and quality for very sophisticated ships are fully dependent on the performance of the electrical work. Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Co., Ltd. (IHI) has been exploiting zone logic, also recognized as group technology, for construction of virtually all ship types. But, the extensive cable footage in sophisticated ships requires special considerations and techniques. This paper presents practical design and production processes for zone outfitting electric cable. Special focus is on:functional and detail design,conversion of system-oriented design data to zone-oriented work packages called "pallets," andwork methods currently employed in IHI shipyards.
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Spicknall, Mark H., and Michael Wade. "Reducing the Construction Contract Cycle for Naval Auxiliary Ships." Journal of Ship Production 9, no. 02 (May 1, 1993): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1993.9.2.121.
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A Mid-Term Fast Sealift Technology Development Program producibility study was undertaken by the Manufacturing Systems Division (Code 125) of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division for the Naval Sea Systems Command Computer Aided Engineering Division, Ship Design and Engineering Directorate, SEA 507. The producibility project team was initially tasked to identify and evaluate possible design improvements with regard to their potential impact upon the cost of construction for the Baseline 0a rough-order-of-magnitude geared-diesel option. This particular design variant is a 30-knot twin-screw, 289 m (948 ft) roll-on/roll-off vessel with four 18 PC4.2V medium-speed diesels producing 85 619 kW (114 817 hp) of installed power. The construction cost estimate developed by NAVSEA for the variant is $385 million per ship. In addition to the NAVSEA-assigned task, the team reviewed the producibility aspects of the Navy auxiliary ship procurement process with regard to finding methods that would facilitate major reductions in the construction contract cycle, as time is now recognized as a major cost driver in ship procurement. The construction contract cycle is defined as the amount of time from construction contract award to delivery, and was estimated by NAVSEA to be 42 months for the subject ship.
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Jaquith, Peter E., Richard M. Burns, Steve E. Dunbarr, B. J. Fontaine, Harry A. Nelson, John L. Silveira, and Tom D. Thompson. "Modular Engine Room Design and Construction for the Strategic Sealift Ships." Journal of Ship Production 12, no. 04 (November 1, 1996): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1996.12.4.230.
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During the contract design phase of the Strategic Sealift New Construction Program at National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (NASSCO), an innovative Design and Build Strategy was developed to reduce the construction time and cost associated with complex engine rooms. A Concurrent Engineering team was assembled to develop the strategy, and to focus design, planning, material, and production efforts to achieve a highly modular design which allows the installation of the majority of outfit systems and equipment at the more effective Ground Outfit versus Onboard Stage. Due to facility and crane lifting constraints, a modular approach was taken in lieu of the conventional Block Outfit approach. The Design and Build Strategy resulted in rationalized system locations allowing reduced piping, electrical, and ventilation linear footage while supporting a high level of system completion at the module stage. To implement the Design and Build Strategy, a series of cross-functional teams was created to manage the project from contract design through production implementation. This paper describes the process and methods used by NASSCO to design, plan, and construct this modular Engine Room.
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Kangur, Yuri Vladimirovich, and Elena Sergeyevna Palkina. "Implementation of digital technologies in design, construction and repair of ships." Экономика, экология и общество России в 21-м столетии 1, no. 1 (2021): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52899/9785883036230_294.
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Kalinowski, Arkadiusz. "Polish Navy Shipbuilding Regulations — Example of Neglect and Lack of Awareness. Polemical Sketch." Scientific Journal of Polish Naval Academy 217, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjpna-2019-0012.
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Abstract The paper presents a formal and legal status within the scope of design, construction and equipping the Polish Navy ships. Regulations in force in the Ministry of National Defence are not complete and have a significant impact on the possibilities and limited efficiency of building new ships. The article presents an attempt to systematise issues in terms of the construction of new ships for the Polish Navy. Fundamental attention was focused on identification of existing gaps in the regulations, as well as presenting proposals to eliminate them.
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Xuan, Shenyu, Chengsheng Zhan, Zuyuan Liu, Qiaosheng Zhao, and Wei Guo. "Numerical Research on Global Ice Loads of Maneuvering Captive Motion in Level Ice." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121404.
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In level ice, the maneuvering motion of icebreakers has a major influence on the global ice loads of the hull. This study researched the influences of the drift angle and turning radius on the ice loads of the icebreaker Xue Long through a partial numerical method based on the linear superposition theory of ice loads. First, with reference to the Araon model tests performed by the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), numerical simulations of Araon’s direct motion were carried out at different speeds, and the average deviation between numerical results and model test results was about 13.8%. Meanwhile, the icebreaking process and modes were analyzed and discussed, compared with a model test and a full-scale ship trial. Next, the maneuvering captive motions of oblique and constant radius were simulated to study the characteristics of ice loads under different drift angles and turning radii. Compared with the maneuvering motion model tests in the ice tank of Tianjin University and the Institute for Ocean Technology of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC/IOT), the numerical results had good agreement with the model test results in terms of the variation trend of ice loads and ice–hull interaction, and the influences of drift angle and turning radius on ice resistance and transverse force, which have a certain reference value for sailing performance research and the design of the hull form of icebreaker ships, are discussed.
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Hasanudin, Hasanudin, and Ardi Nugroho Yulianto. "Design and Construction of Spud Housing for Floating Dock." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902060.
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A floating dock is a type of pontoon for dry docking ships, possessing floodable buoyancy chambers. The Floating docks have more advantages than the other type of ship docking for maintenance. The purpose of the research study is to design and calculate of spud housing construction for floating dock. The spud housing is used to keep of floating dock in the safe condition. Mild steel material is used to construction of spud housing with yield point 235 x 106 N/m2. Design calculations were done by finite element analysis (FEA). The minimum stress is 1042.36 N/m2 and minimum deflection is 0.447 mm. The maximum stress is 0.142 x 109 N/m2 and maximum deflection is 4.019 mm. The maximum stress is not more than yield point of material.
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Keane, Robert G., Laurent Deschamps, and Steve Maguire. "Reducing Detail Design and Construction Work Content by Cost-Effective Decisions in Early-Stage Naval Ship Design." Journal of Ship Production and Design 32, no. 02 (May 1, 2016): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2016.32.2.110.
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The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L) recently presented analyses of cost and schedule growth on Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs) over the last 20 years (2013, 2014). For naval ships, AT&L (2013) concluded that contract work content growth (not capability growth) dominates total cost growth statistically. In addition, costs-over-target are significant and reflect poor cost estimation or faulty framing assumptions. AT&L (2014) also concluded prices on fixed-price contracts are only "fixed" if the contractual work content remains fixed, but this is often not the case. We show that under-sizing the ship during concept design studies increases ship outfit density and adds complexities to the design. These early-stage design decisions on sizing the ship are a major contributor to unnecessary work content growth later in Detail Design and Construction (DD&C) that cannot be eliminated no matter how productive the shipbuilder. However, new ship design methods are being developed and integrated with legacy physicsbased design and analysis tools into a Rapid Ship Design Environment (RSDE) that will enable a more rational process for initially sizing ships. We also identify the need for early-stage design measures of complexity and ship costing tools that are more sensitive to these measures, and propose solutions that will aid decision-makers in reducing DD&C work content by making cost-effective design decisions in early-stage naval ship design.
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Kobzar, T., O. Savinok, and K. Marinicheva. "INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS, BOATS AND SUBMARINS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 14 (January 25, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.14.1.45-54.
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In this scientific publication presents an analysis of the existing experience of countries of the world in innovative developments in the technology of building ships, boats and submarines, problems, prospects of their application are revealed and possible ways of their improvement are determined due to technical progress. Creating a modern NAVY requires a lot of time and finance, but also other factors, such as seaworthiness, hull strength, protection against weapons of destruction, secrecy from detection tools, and others. In the design and construction of surface ships, technical ideas and specific solutions must meet the level of development of technology not only of the current period, but also of the forecast for the next 10 to 20 years, which will be aimed at improving the combat and operational qualities of surface ships and submarines. This study examined in detail the modular principle when creating surface ships, which allows you to quickly change the specialization of ships by installing the necessary set of modules of equipment and weapons. The authors turned to the analysis of innovative developments of the Swedish corvette «Visby», which by its properties can be called an invisible ship, the «Marlin-350» underwater vehicle, which corresponds to the latest world trends in the development of underwater apparatus engineering. Also, attention is paid to the development and application of submarines, diesel-electric and strategic nuclear. The authors paid special attention to the use by armed forces of the countries of the world for their arsenals of unmanned systems for various purposes. Three categories were considered: Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV), Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The publication also examined the use of ships and boats, powerful guided water cannons as the main engines, which ensures their high speed and maneuverability. Keywords: warship, boat, submarine, propulsion, trimaran, innovation, Ukrainian Navy.
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Gaines, Ed. "Reduced Fillet Weld Sizes for Naval Ships." Journal of Ship Production 3, no. 04 (November 1, 1987): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1987.3.4.247.
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Recently, Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton updated its fillet weld design practices for naval ship construction. This task was part of a continuing effort to improve accuracy control by decreasing weld-caused distortion. Recent material properties and a more rigorous engineering analysis were used to reduce the required fillet sizes by about 25 percent for steel and about 50 percent for aluminum. The analysis method was developed for the Navy at Newport News Shipbuilding during the 1970's. Intermittent weld tables were developed and, where utilized, proved to be a very cost-effective distortion control measure. Reducing the amount of weld reduces distortion and economically improves accuracy control. Fabrications costs were significantly reduced. This paper reviews the methods and properties used to develop and implement the new weld tables. The benefits to distortion control and construction costs are also discussed.
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Gelling, J. L., and J. A. Keuning. "Recent developments in the design of fast ships." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 5, no. 9 (July 23, 2011): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.51.
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During the last twenty years, Damen Shipyards, a multinational shipbuilding group with 6000 employees worldwide, has done extensive research on the development of hull designs for fast monohull vessels. In the 1990s the Enlarged Ship Concept was developed, leading to highly improved sea keeping capabilities and vessel behaviour in waves at high speed. This hull design concept was applied in the Damen SPa 4207 patrol vessel and has proven extremely successful, reducing vertical accelerations by 50% and, thus, allowing vessels to keep operating at high speed in waves. Over 25 units of the Damen SPa 4207 have been delivered so far. After the successful introduction of the Enlarged Ship Concept, Damen and Delft University continued developing the next generation hull form: the axebow design. Compared to the already good sea keeping capacities of the Enlarged Ship Concept, model tests indicated a further reduction of vertical accelerations. This was proven by real-time measurements on the first built axebow vessels in 2006 and 2007. In the last 3 years, over 30 axe bow supply vessels have been delivered to very satisfied operators. As a next step, Damen has applied the axe bow design to the latest patrol vessel design, the Damen SPa 5009. The first vessel of this design is currently under construction and its trials are scheduled by the end of 2011. The paper describes the background of the research done by Damen and Delft University, focusing on the mathematical and scientific aspects of the axebow design and its application on various ship types. The development and design of the latest Damen patrol vessel, SPa 5009, will be introduced, describing its seakeeping performance, operatability and crew ergonomics. Finally, the paper will mention the current and future research topics that Damen and Delft University are working on together, identifying the developments of the future generation patrol vessels.
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Borisov, Alexander M. "Analysis of modern hull structures dry cargo ships-representatives." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 69 (December 23, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi69.226.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the analysis of the design of hull structures of modern dry cargo vessels-representatives of inland and mixed ("river-sea") navigation in comparison with classical vessels built in the twentieth century are presented. The characteristic damages of hull structures are considered, recommendations are given on the design of the main hull connections in accordance with the requirements of the Russian River Register (RRR) and the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (MRS). It is noted that, taking into account the existing cargo flows on water transport, the hulls of inland navigation vessels of early construction are being modernized for operation in coastal marine areas. It is shown that, taking into account the aging of the fleet in modern conditions, a significant role is assigned to the construction of "super-full" vessels of internal and mixed ("river-sea") navigation, capable of delivering various cargoes without intermediate transshipment from seaports to river ports of the country.
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Daidola, John C., Robert S. Behr, John G. Lynch, and Erhard W. Koehler. "The T-AGS-39 Class Ocean Survey Ships and Their Conversion to Schoolships." Marine Technology and SNAME News 39, no. 03 (July 1, 2002): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2002.39.3.170.
Full textAbstract:
Elements of the design, construction and later conversion of the T-AGS-39 Class Ocean Survey Ships are reviewed. The original design to a U.S. Navy Circular of Requirements is considered, presenting insight into the selection of vessel characteristics. The construction program, in concert with unique requirements, is also considered. Finally, conversion of the vessels to schoolships under the U.S. Maritime Administration, following their retirement from naval service, is discussed.
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Moyst, Howard, and Biman Das. "Factors Affecting Ship Design and Construction Lead Time and Cost." Journal of Ship Production 21, no. 03 (August 1, 2005): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.3.186.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews a ship design and construction case study in the context of the published literature on the design process and its impact on construction. The objective was to explore the factors that impact design and construction lead time and cost. Design and construction managers constantly experience pressure to accelerate the construction start time in an environment characteristic of frequent design changes and rework. Often the construction of the first ships of a series will aggressively overlap the design phase. This investigation assessed a case study that illustrated that as the degree of overlap between design and construction increases, design changes increased ship construction costs and duration. This negates the advantage of trying to reduce lead time by overlapping phases. Before strategies of overlapping are utilized, shipbuilders need to better understand the details of the design process and its integration with other functions to improve design quality and reduce the impact of design changes on manufacturing and construction. It is recommended that when overlapping strategies are considered, design changes and their impact on construction be factored into the decision. A better strategy would be to eliminate design quality issues and design and construction rework.
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Churchill, Robin. "Port State Jurisdiction Relating to the Safety of Shipping and Pollution from Ships—What Degree of Extra-territoriality?" International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 31, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 442–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341409.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to consider the extent to which the exercise by a port State of jurisdiction over foreign ships in relation to safety and the prevention of pollution is extra-territorial in nature. This aim is pursued by addressing two main issues. The first is the question of whether a port State may prescribe and enforce measures relating to the construction, design, equipment and manning of ships (including measures that go beyond international (International Maritime Organization) standards) in respect of foreign ships calling at its ports; and if so, whether that involves an element of extra-territorial jurisdiction. The second issue is the question of how far a port State may exercise jurisdiction over the conduct of foreign ships relating to shipping safety and the prevention of pollution before such ships enter its ports, and whether that is an exercise of extra-territorial jurisdiction.
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Jutla, Tarsem, Pat Crilly, and Gordon Kelly. "Bulldozers or Ships—What’s the Difference?" Journal of Ship Production 17, no. 02 (May 1, 2001): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2001.17.2.45.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explains Caterpillar's approach to maintaining leadership position in designing and manufacturing fabricated structures, and highlights some of the technologies that are used to make welded steel components. Caterpillar's customers continue to look for maximum value from our machines and, to meet their increasing expectations, investment in new technology is a necessity. To build lightweight, high quality, long life structural components, Caterpillar uses state-of-the-art design tools, process simulation technologies and the latest manufacturing processes. It is the authors' perception that there are many synergisms between ship construction and the manufacture of earthmoving equipment. This paper debates networking between the two industries for cross-industry technology development and knowledge transfer. This can potentially improve the competitiveness of the United States in the ever-increasing global marketplace.
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Naumov, Victor S., and Irina B. Kochneva. "Improvement of environmental labels of ships." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 71 (June 7, 2022): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi71.269.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, classification societies provide additional signs and verbal characteristics to indicate a variety of measures to ensure environmental safety of the ship. This system of signs indicates the need to demonstrate the level of environmental safety of the ship and the desire to meet the objectives of environmental labeling. The authors propose a direction for improving the environmental labeling of ships by conducting a comprehensive assessment of the ship's impact on the environment using environmental indicators. The proposed comprehensive assessment should be based on environmental criteria covering the entire life cycle of the ship – design, construction, operation, recycling. It is shown that it is necessary to establish the level of environmental safety of the ship based on these criteria, taking into account the degree of influence (importance) of each.
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Boyd, S. W., A. H. Day, and I. E. Winkle. "Geometric Considerations for the Design of Production-Friendly High-Speed Ship Hull Forms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 219, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509005x10486.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the feasibility of designing high-speed ships with hull-form geometry suitable for planked construction, with the aim of reducing the hull construction cost. An algorithm is developed for placing prismatic planks on to a three-dimensional hull form to represent a planked construction. A number of well-known hull forms are examined using the algorithm developed in order to assess their suitability for this construction technique. It is shown that typical round-bilged forms are unsuitable for planked construction, since an undesirably large proportion of the material strength will be used in forming the structure. A conceptual design for a simplified hull form is developed which contains significantly reduced levels of double curvature, and this design is shown to be suitable for planked construction, as well as offering the potential for advantages in conventional plated construction. It is further shown that the hydrodynamic resistance of this conceptual design is comparable with a more traditional form.
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Hu, Yang. "Analysis on the Application of New Energy in Ships." Progress in Energy & Fuels 9, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/pef.v9i2.1368.
Full textAbstract:
<p>With the continuous development of China’s sustainable development, new energy has become the internal driving force for the transformation and upgrading of various industries and the creation of green economic benefits. It is widely used in industrial manufacturing, housing construction, transportation and other fields. The application of new energy in ships can not only reduce the pollution rate of ship transportation, but also promote the scientific development of ship design and manufacturing. The value of applying new energy in ships can be seen. This paper analyzes the application strategy of new energy in ships, in order to promote the shipbuilding industry to keep pace with the times.</p>
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Kaplan, Kenneth, and Henry E. Pape. "DESIGN OF BREAKWATERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.24.
Full textAbstract:
As the name implies, a breakwater is a barrier constructed to break up and disperse heavy seas, to shield the interior waters of a harbor from winds and waves, and to provide shelter and protection for ships, shipping facilities, and other harbor improvements. Breakwaters are structures used to improve a naturally protected (sheltered) harbor or to create a sheltered harbor at locations required for shipping, refuge, recreation, etc. Breakwaters may be roughly divided into two main groups, the vertical-wall type and the rubble-mound type. A possible third group, the composite type, consists of the wall-type placed upon a rubble-mound foundation. Since the experience of the San Francisco District, Corps of Engineers, has been limited to the construction of rubble-mound breakwaters and jetties in as much as practically all breakwaters on the Pacific Coast are of rubble-mound construction, the second half of this paper has been limited to the consideration of this type of structure. The first half of the paper discusses general subjects (choice of location and type of breakwater, etc.) relevant to both types. Until recently, the design and construction of breakwaters was largely an empirical "art" based mainly on the designer's observations of the performance of previously constructed breakwaters. Great latitude was given personal discretion and judgment, since those factors which might influence or standardize design were little understood.
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Schulz, Erich J., Richard C. Celotto, Morgan P. O'Connor, and John A. Malone. "Adapting Commercial Shipbuilding Practices to Warship Design – Evaluation of a Hybrid Navy-Commercial Collar Detail." Journal of Ship Production 16, no. 04 (November 1, 2000): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2000.16.4.207.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation was carried out to determine the applicability of certain commercial construction techniques to naval ships with regard to their capability to withstand weapons effects loads. Typical commercial structural details require less welding and fitting, are less labor intensive, and are therefore less expensive to construct than naval structural details. However, structural details used on naval ships must adequately resist loads that are different from those a commercial ship would encounter, specifically shock and whipping loads due to underwater explosions, and blast from air explosions. This paper documents the limited-scope investigation performed that included design, analysis, and shock testing of a candidate commercial structural detail to replace the Navy standard detail, specifically the collar used in joint connections.
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Slapničar, Vedran, Katarina Zadro, Viktor Ložar, and Ivo Ćatipović. "The Lightship Mass Calculation Model Of A Merchant Ship By Empirical Methods." Pedagogika-Pedagogy 93, no. 6s (August 31, 2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/ped21-6s.06lig.
Full textAbstract:
Estimating the lightship mass is an important factor in the early stage of ship design given its impact on shipbuilding costs. The mass of the hull and equipment, as well as its distribution, affects the hull strength, deadweight, and stability of the ship. Furthermore, a good estimate of the lightship mass in the preliminary phase is very important for defining the construction costs as accurately as possible. As the time available to the designer in the conceptual or preliminary phase of ship design is often limited, the methods used to determine the lightship mass must be reliable, fast, and effective. The paper presents and analyzes methods for estimating the lightship mass that are based on empirical data of built ships. Several empirical methods were combined and calibrated to establish the least-squares method which combination gives the value of the lightship mass closest to the one given in the collected database for three types of merchant ships: tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships. The paper presents the results of the calculations of the masses of hull steel, outfitting, machinery, and superstructure. It can be concluded that the presented model for all three types of merchant ships gives satisfactory results.
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Lorentzen, Brita, Sturt W. Manning, and Yaacov Kahanov. "The 1st Millennium AD Mediterranean Shipbuilding Transition at Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Dating the Dor 2001/1 Shipwreck." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17445.
Full textAbstract:
During the 1st millennium AD, a fundamental set of changes in ship design, building methods, and sequence of construction took place in the Mediterranean. This process is known as the “Transition in Construction.” Before the Transition, ship hull design was based longitudinally on the ship's strakes (“shell-first”). By about the mid-1st millennium AD, the concept and construction of ship hulls had changed and were based on the ship's frames (“frame-based”). The Transition was a complex, nonlinear evolution. High-precision dating of the construction and service period of ships built during the 1st millennium is essential for elucidating the Transition process. Such dating precision is possible using radiocarbon wiggle-matching and Bayesian analysis techniques. The following study uses these techniques to determine the construction, launch, and final voyage (wrecking) dates of Dor 2001/1, a Byzantine shipwreck from northern Israel that was built based on frames. The results indicate that Dor 2001/1 was likely constructed and launched in the first third of the 6th century AD and was wrecked no later than AD 540. This is one of the earliest frame-based ships found in the Mediterranean so far. Dor 2001/1 is therefore an important shipwreck in understanding the Transition, since it provides evidence that frame-based hulls were already being built by the mid-1st millennium AD, about 500 yr earlier than has been commonly accepted.
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Lorentzen, Brita, Sturt W. Manning, and Yaacov Kahanov. "The 1st Millennium AD Mediterranean Shipbuilding Transition at Dor/Tantura Lagoon, Israel: Dating the Dor 2001/1 Shipwreck." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049705.
Full textAbstract:
During the 1st millennium AD, a fundamental set of changes in ship design, building methods, and sequence of construction took place in the Mediterranean. This process is known as the “Transition in Construction.” Before the Transition, ship hull design was based longitudinally on the ship's strakes (“shell-first”). By about the mid-1st millennium AD, the concept and construction of ship hulls had changed and were based on the ship's frames (“frame-based”). The Transition was a complex, nonlinear evolution. High-precision dating of the construction and service period of ships built during the 1st millennium is essential for elucidating the Transition process. Such dating precision is possible using radiocarbon wiggle-matching and Bayesian analysis techniques. The following study uses these techniques to determine the construction, launch, and final voyage (wrecking) dates of Dor 2001/1, a Byzantine shipwreck from northern Israel that was built based on frames. The results indicate that Dor 2001/1 was likely constructed and launched in the first third of the 6th century AD and was wrecked no later than AD 540. This is one of the earliest frame-based ships found in the Mediterranean so far. Dor 2001/1 is therefore an important shipwreck in understanding the Transition, since it provides evidence that frame-based hulls were already being built by the mid-1st millennium AD, about 500 yr earlier than has been commonly accepted.
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Mihai, Victor, Liliana Rusu, and Adrian Presura. "Ventilation of engine rooms in diesel engines ships." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi. Fascicula XI, Construcţii navale/ Annals of "Dunărea de Jos" of Galati, Fascicle XI, Shipbuilding 43 (November 15, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/annugalshipbuilding.2020.43.09.
Full textAbstract:
"Engines room are equipped with a ventilation system which should provide fresh air for combustion and for removing the heat radiated by main engines, auxiliary engines, boilers, generators and other hot equipment installed in compartment. The paper presents the main requirements, recommendations and challenges regarding designing and construction of the ventilation system. The principal design aspects highlighted in this material are related to reducing the pressure drop across the distribution system to reduce the energy used by the fan to blow the air inside the room and to identify the best arrangement of air distribution inlet/outlet in order to get high efficiency of the cooling air."
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Yudhi Setiyantara, Yudhanita Pertiwi, Ningrum Astriawati, Ade Chandra Kusuma, and Ilham Pratama Putra. "ANALISIS PEMERIKSAAN KAPAL OLEH MARINE INSPECTOR PADA KSOP KELAS IV PROBOLINGGO." Majalah Ilmiah Gema Maritim 24, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37612/gema-maritim.v24i2.303.
Full textAbstract:
In determining the seaworthiness of the ship, ship inspection is very important to do. KSOP has a very important role in determining the seaworthiness of ships. This study aims to determine the role of marine inspectors in ship inspection at KSOP Class IV Probolinggo. The research used qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out by surveys and interviews. The results of this study show that the marine inspector has the role and task of preparing to discuss the formulation and implementation of policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria, and procedures as well as technical guidance, evaluation, certification, and reporting in the fields of ship design, measurement, construction and stability of ships, nautical, technical, and radio as well as equipment and equipment for ship safety and equipment as well as prevention of pollution from ships and management of ship safety and operation for ships indonesian flags that sail in Indonesian and international waters for all types of ships and all sizes. In the duties of inspection and measurement of ships carried out in the Legal Status and Certification of Ships section, carry out inspection tasks at the Port of Probolinggo. The results of the survey of the marine administration examination and physical examination were obtained that it took an average of 32.57 minutes.
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Moyst, Howard, and Biman Das. "A Linear Programming Approach to Optimization of Ship Design and Construction Phases." Journal of Ship Production 24, no. 01 (February 1, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2008.24.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Labor cost savings can be obtained by considering the effect of design rework on the degree of overlap of the ship design and construction phases. Based on data from a shipbuilding case study, a linear programming (LP) model was developed to investigate the optimum overlap of the design and construction phases. Two scenarios were modeled. The case study's start-up period, which involved design and the construction of four ships, and a hypothetical small batch program to determine the degree of overlap and total hours required for a new shipbuilding program. In each scenario, the LP model found the optimum overlap period for design and construction and the associated total hours. In the first scenario, the analysis demonstrates that by reducing the amount of overlap between the design and construction phases, a reduction in construction direct labor hours can be achieved while obtaining the overall duration and scheduled completion times. In the second case, the analysis recommends a zero overlap policy between the design and construction phases to minimize total hours while achieving the overall schedule duration. When compared with the actual case study results, the zero overlap policy estimates an $8 million saving. The analysis supports the policy to complete design activities with construction-dependency relationships before starting construction.
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Kim, Seong Jong, and Seok Ki Jang. "A Slow Strain Rate Test Experiment to Evaluate the Characteristics of High-Strength Al-Mg Alloy for Application in Ships." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.162.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, there has been increased interest in using aluminum alloys in ship construction instead of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). This is because aluminum alloy ships are faster, have a greater load capacity, and are easier to recycle than FRP ships. In this study, we investigated the mechanical and electrochemical properties of aluminum alloys using the slow strain rate and potentiostatic tests under various potential conditions. The optimum protection potential range with regards to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking was determined to lie between -1.5 and -0.7 V (SSCE). These results can be used as reference data for ship design.
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Zhang, Juan, and Taizhi Lv. "Design and implementation of ship data analysis platform." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 2, no. 1 (November 23, 2022): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v2i1.2487.
Full textAbstract:
As the basis and core of the management work of the maritime department, the basic data of ships is a prerequisite for doing a good job in various work. With the rapid development of economic construction, the shipping industry has put forward a higher demand for maritime services. As an important component, ship data provides a strong guarantee to meet this demand. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the construction of the ship basic data analysis platform. In this paper, through data analysis and visualization technology, the data can be displayed intuitively in the form of charts, which can effectively improve the level of maritime supervision. The platform uses Spring Cloud framework to extract ship basic data from MySQL database, Axios to obtain JSON data transmitted from the background interface, Vue to implement bidirectional binding, Element UI to implements page layout, and Echarts to displays charts.
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Sims, Philip. "U.S. Navy World War II War Damage Reports." Marine Technology Society Journal 46, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.46.6.3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe damaged and sunken ships of Pearl Harbor contained information on the response of ships and their damage control teams to modern weapons. As they were raised to be repaired, the physical evidence of damaged areas was carefully recorded. The Navy’s ship design organization, the Bureau of Ships (Buships), combined the physical evidence with crew action reports to determine what worked and what did not. Buships published the results in almost 70 War Damage Reports, which were illustrated with photographs and newly prepared extent-of-damage drawings. This paper is a high-level introduction to that massive body of work.The customers of the reports were the damage control schools, the operational fleet (needing to ruthlessly remove flammable materials), the naval repair yards (installing ship alterations to overcome deficiencies), and the designers of new construction warships. The report series was continued covering ships damaged or lost in the Pacific battles. Modern warship features that are now thought of as “good practice,” such as ring fire mains with one line high and the other low on the opposite side of the ship, are a result of “lessons learned” from the war damage surveys. The paper compares the 1938 design Iowa class battleships and the war design Des Moines class heavy cruisers, which incorporated the lessons learned. The differences in compartmentation and damage control fittings of the two classes are described.
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Leary, David. "The IMO Mandatory International Code of Safety for Ships: Charting a Sustainable Course for Shipping in the Polar Regions?" Yearbook of Polar Law Online 7, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 426–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-6427_017.
Full textAbstract:
Many Asian states such as China are increasingly engaged in maritime activities in the polar regions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed a mandatory international code of safety for certain types of ships operating in polar waters (the Polar Code) which applies to the vessels of Asian and non-Asian states alike. The Polar Code covers a wide range of issues including ship design and construction, equipment, operation, crew training, search and rescue and environmental protection relating to ships operating in the polar regions. This article examines the Polar Code, which will be implemented via amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). It considers the extent to which the Polar Code lays the foundations for a sustainable future for shipping in the polar regions.
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Cahill, Patrick D., and Howard M. Bunch. "A Comparative Study of U.S. and Foreign Naval Acquisition, Design, and Construction Policy and Practices." Journal of Ship Production 12, no. 03 (August 1, 1996): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1996.12.3.178.
Full textAbstract:
In an effort to reduce the cost of Navy ships without significantly reducing capability, the U.S. Navy has performed a series of ongoing investigations into areas of potential cost reduction. One of these investigations was a literature study done at the University of Michigan Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering to identify and compare acquisition, design and construction practices in a number of different countries. Recommendations for potential cost saving changes to the U.S. Navy system, including reduction of administrative costs, design to cost, and changes in labor policies, were made based on the comparisons. This paper is a modified version of the final report submitted to the Department of the Navy.
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Плотников, К. В., В. Н. Тряскин, and В. В. Чижевский. "Recommendations for deck primary supporting members design as applied to pillarless construction of ro-ro ships." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(54) (December 2, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.54.4.071.
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Статья посвящена вопросам определения размеров набора грузовых стационарных палуб морских стальных судов типа Ro-Ro на ранних стадиях проектирования. В силу большого расстояния между поперечными переборками в случае отсутствия пиллерсов карлингсы палуб не являются опорами для рамных бимсов. Однако, как показывает практика, они всегда включаются в конструктивную схему палубы, так как позволяют разнести локальную нагрузку между соседними рамными бимсами, обеспечивают устойчивость их стенок, а также вовлекаются в работу в составе перекрытия при некоторых сценариях нагружения. В литературе отсутствуют рекомендации по выбору расчётной ширины их присоединенного пояска, расчётных значений изгибающих моментов и перерезывающих сил при восприятии нагрузки от разного типа груза. Исследование выполнялось на примере перекрытия грузовой палубы длиной 64,4 м на основе МКЭ. Были разработаны КЭ-модели палубы в балочной и оболочечно-балочной идеализациях. Вторая модель использовалась для оценки адекватности результата, получаемого на более простой модели. Рассмотрены 8 сценариев нагрузки. При определении ширины присоединенного пояска за величину условного пролёта принималось расстояние между точками, в которых величина изгибающего момента принимает нулевое значение. Показано, что карлингсы активно вовлекаются в работу при частичной загрузке трюма контейнерами в несколько ярусов, а также при работе погрузчика. Расчётная ширина их присоединенного пояска составила 0,60…0,75 расстояния между карлингсами при действии нагрузки от колёсной техники и оказалась близка к этому расстоянию при восприятии нагрузки от контейнеров при их поперечной укладке. Авторами предложено в качестве первого приближения значение расчётного изгибающего момента для карлингсов определять в долях от соответствующего значения для рамных бимсов. The paper deals with a design of deck primary structures of Ro-Ro vessels at early design stages. Due to the large distance between transverse bulkheads, in the case of no pillar construction, deck girders cannot be considered as supports for deck transverses. The common practice however, is to provide deck structures with deck girders anyway. It helps to distribute the local loads between transverses and to ensure the stability of deck transverses web plates. In addition, for a localized loads on deck structures girders to some extent contribute to local strength of the deck. Practically, deck girder scantlings are usually larger than those based on the minimum thickness, web depth and slenderness requirements of classification society rules. There are no publications proposing recommendations for deck girders design in pillarless structures of ro-ro ships at the early stages. Prescriptive recommendations should primarily include design bending moment value and effective breadth of the attached plate in different loading scenarios. The results presented in this paper are based on the linear finite element (FE) analysis of Ro-Ro deck having a length of 64.4 meters. Since the goal of the study was to develop recommendations for structural design aligned with prescriptive requirements of RS rules the research is provided with beam analysis carried out for 8 different loading scenarios. All of the reference calculations were made in FESTA-2020 software developed in SMTU as a part of CAD/СAE software ALMAZ-K. Verification is made with more sophisticated shell model analysis carried out in ANSYS with similar assumptions. The effective breadth of deck girders attached plate is calculated considering a distance between zero bending moment points as a nominal span. It is shown that the deck girders are highly stressed in loading cases with stacked containers and working fork lift. The calculated width of their attached plate which is in range from 0.60 to 0.75 of the distance between girders S under the load from the wheeled vehicles turns out to be close to Sin case of loading of transversely stacked containers. The authors propose to determine value of the design bending moment for deck girders at the early stages depending on span and loading of deck transverses.