Journal articles: 'Ice XVII'

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del Rosso, Leonardo, Milva Celli, Francesco Grazzi, Michele Catti, Thomas C. Hansen, A. Dominic Fortes, and Lorenzo Ulivi. "Cubic ice Ic without stacking defects obtained from ice XVII." Nature Materials 19, no. 6 (February 3, 2020): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0606-y.

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Liu, Yuan, Yingying Huang, Chongqin Zhu, Hui Li, Jijun Zhao, Lu Wang, Lars Ojamäe, Joseph S. Francisco, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "An ultralow-density porous ice with the largest internal cavity identified in the water phase diagram." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 12684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900739116.

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The recent back-to-back findings of low-density porous ice XVI and XVII have rekindled the century-old field of the solid-state physics and chemistry of water. Experimentally, both ice XVI and XVII crystals can be produced by extracting guest atoms or molecules enclosed in the cavities of preformed ice clathrate hydrates. Herein, we examine more than 200 hypothetical low-density porous ices whose structures were generated according to a database of zeolite structures. Hitherto unreported porous EMT ice, named according to zeolite nomenclature, is identified to have an extremely low density of 0.5 g/cm3and the largest internal cavity (7.88 Å in average radius). The EMT ice can be viewed as dumbbell-shaped motifs in a hexagonal close-packed structure. Our first-principles computations and molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the EMT ice is stable under negative pressures and exhibits higher thermal stability than other ultralow-density ices. If all cavities are fully occupied by hydrogen molecules, the EMT ice hydrate can easily outperform the record hydrogen storage capacity of 5.3 wt % achieved with sII hydrogen hydrate. Most importantly, in the reconstructed temperature–pressure (T-P) phase diagram of water, the EMT ice is located at deeply negative pressure regions below ice XVI and at higher temperature regions next to FAU. Last, the phonon spectra of empty-sII, FAU, EMT, and other zeolite-like ice structures are computed by using the dispersion corrected vdW-DF2 functional. Compared with those of ice XI (0.93 g/cm3), both the bending and stretching vibrational modes of the EMT ice are blue-shifted due to their weaker hydrogen bonds.

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Catti, Michele, Leonardo del Rosso, Lorenzo Ulivi, Milva Celli, Francesco Grazzi, and Thomas C. Hansen. "Ne- and O2-filled ice XVII: a neutron diffraction study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 27 (2019): 14671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp02218j.

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del Rosso, Leonardo, Milva Celli, and Lorenzo Ulivi. "Ice XVII as a Novel Material for Hydrogen Storage." Challenges 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe8010003.

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Massani, B., L. J. Conway, A. Hermann, and J. Loveday. "On a new nitrogen sX hydrate from ice XVII." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 10 (September 14, 2019): 104305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5100868.

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Inouchi, Yoshio, Hajime Katayama, Seiji Saito, Kouji Minoura, Takayoshi Kawai, and M. Kuzmint. "Drilling from cover ice on Academician Ridge, Lake Baikal." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 102, no. 6 (1996): XVII—XVIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.102.xvii.

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del Rosso, Leonardo, Francesco Grazzi, Milva Celli, Daniele Colognesi, Victoria Garcia-Sakai, and Lorenzo Ulivi. "Refined Structure of Metastable Ice XVII from Neutron Diffraction Measurements." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 47 (November 17, 2016): 26955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10569.

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Zhu, Xu-Liang, Zhen-Yu Yuan, Lu Jiang, Kai Zhang, Ze-Ren Wang, Hui-Wen Luo, Yue Gu, Jing-Wen Cao, Xiao-Ling Qin, and Peng Zhang. "Computational analysis of vibrational spectrum and hydrogen bonds of ice XVII." New Journal of Physics 21, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 043054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab1513.

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Pradana, Irwansyah Putra, Diah Mardiana, and Lukman Hakim. "Carbon dioxide occupancies inside ice XVII structure from grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 833 (July 1, 2020): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/833/1/012035.

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del Rosso, Leonardo, Milva Celli, Daniele Colognesi, Francesco Grazzi, and Lorenzo Ulivi. "Irreversible structural changes of recovered hydrogen hydrate transforming from C0 phase to ice XVII." Chemical Physics 544 (April 2021): 111092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111092.

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Michl, Jakob, Marcello Sega, and Christoph Dellago. "Phase stability of the ice XVII-based CO2 chiral hydrate from molecular dynamics simulations." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 10 (September 14, 2019): 104502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5116540.

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Derzhavin, V. L. "mpact of ice conditions to the navigation in the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen region in XVI–XVII centuries." Ice and Snow 127, no. 3 (March 27, 2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2014-3-107-113.

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13

Biays, Pierre. "Le courant du Labrador et quelques-unes de ses conséquences géographiques." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 4, no. 8 (April 12, 2005): 237–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020220ar.

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I. A part of the West Greenland current flows westwards across the Davis Strait and meets the Canadian (Baffin Land) current to form the Labrador current which follows southwards the shelf and slope of Labrador Coast {figure I). Meeting the northern edge of the Newfoundland Banks, the Labrador current splits in a minor western branch running along the Avalon Peninsula and a major one proceeding south along the eastern edge of the shelf down to the Tail of the Grand Banks. There it meets the Atlantic current which very often forms a prominent westward salient at about 45°N. and 47 - 48°W. (figure IX). This salient tends to deflect and turn back east or northeastwards a variable portion of the major branch. The turning point and the volume of the deflected stream are subject to change according to the position and importance of the Atlantic salient. It is estimated that the West Greenland current and the Canadian current join respectively in a 60% and 40% ratio. The major eastern branch in the Grand Banks region amounts to 80 to 90%, splitting in turn about fifty-fifty in an eastward stream flowing just north of Flemish Cap and the current proceeding southwards along the edge of the Grand Banks. One of the most striking features of the Labrador current is its banded structure. In the area where it forms there are at least three bands (figure VII) : 1. a fresh and very cold inshore band made of polar and coastal waters ; 2. an offshore stream in the Canadian current carrying Baffin Bay waters ; and, 3. — further seawards — the West Greenland portion whose waters are mild in temperature and possess Atlantic salinity. Two cold walls mark the sharp limits between these bodies of water. Along the Labrador Coast the banding agrees pretty well with the submarine topography ; an inshore slow, cold and fresh stream is confined to the continental shelf while an offshore fast, mild and salted current follows the edge of the shelf and slope. Both exhibit shoreward and seaward salients in agreement to the shelf varying in width. In the Grand Banks area — apart from the well known Newfoundland cold wall between the contrary Labrador and Atlantic currents (see figure XII, A) — there is a marked cold wall inside the eastwards proceeding current between the bulk of the Atlantic waters and that part of Labrador waters that have been deflected by the Atlantic salient and incorporated to the eastward drift (see figures X and XIII). The point of annual cycle and long term temperature and volume variations is not discussed here in full. Some words are devoted to the vernal warming and the maintaining jar into the summer of cold waters on the central part of the Grand Banks (figure XIV). II. Three kinds of sea ice occur along the Labrador Coast and the Atlantic Coast of Newfoundland : 1. the bay or winter ice ; 2. the drift ice ; 3. the icebergs. The bay or winter ice forms every winter and disappears during spring time. The inner parts of the bays of Northern Labrador are frozen over by the middle of December while the offshore inlets and archipelagos are jammed much later, say in the course of January. A tentative map has been sketched to show the date of occurrence of the winter ice. Ice grows till it reaches a width of between 10 and 40 miles, but its thickness never exceeds three feet or so. The bay ice is subject to break during stormy weather and therefore is able to feed largely the drift ice in the heart of winter. Drift ice is made up of both local winter ice and — mainly in the first summer months —• old arctic ice. Due to age and hummockying processes the latter is characterized by heavy pieces and floes which often reach a thickness of 30 to 50 feet. Although the main track of the drift ice is governed by the Labrador current the actual short-range movements are controlled by the changing wind conditions. Four examples of drifting fields are reported. Wind control is pretty well illustrated by sketch-maps XVIII and XIX which show the appearance, deterioration and receding of ice fields carried by the Labrador current in the vicinity of Newfoundland's northern and eastern coasts. The disappearance of an ice field drifting off Southern Labrador and blocking the eastern entrance to the Strait of Belle-Isle — as shown on figure XX — is typical of the features marking the end of the ice season. Figure XXI represents heavy arctic pieces and drift ice of local origin closely packed in the central arc of the Labrador Coast before being swept away by land-breeze. Because of these changing conditions it seems difficult to de fine an average annual cycle of drift ice. The maximum limits are reached by the middle of April ; at that time ice extends as jar south as the 47 th or the 46 th parallel, but normally it keeps off the coast south of St. John s, this harbour being very seldom closed to navigation for more than ten successive days. Tentative is made to show in sketch-maps the average conditions in winter (figure XVI) as well as the receding of the drifting fields and tongues during spring and summer months (figure XVII). The story of the bergs from the parent glaciers of West Greenland down to their melting place around the Banks begins to be a well known one (see figure XXII). According to their very deep draft the bergs are less subject than the drift ice to be driven by the surface and subsurface wind wurrents. Mortality in Baffin Bay, melting and grounding on the Labrador Coast, differential velocity of inshore and offshore bands of the current, location of the point of partition between the eastern and western branches are discussed in order to explain the observed distribution of bergs in the Grand Banks region, jour typical patterns of which are shown on figure XXIII. III. An attempt has been made to show the division between ice and navigation at selected places along the coasts watered by the Labrador current. Figure XXIV is only tentative since the actual conditions due to changing weather often differ strongly from the average ones. When possible, drift ice season has been distinguished. The relatively favoured position of the St. John's harbour appears both on figure XXIV and figures XVI and XVIII. Along the Labrador Coast and in the northern part of the island of Newfoundland, dog sleigh is often the only means of transportation in winter, when fiat bay ice is wide enough and has not been hummockied or broken by stormy weather. Main sleigh tracks and their alternatives are governed by physical conditions as well as winter settlement pattern and therefore are seldom subject to change. Examples of sleigh tracks have been taken in Northern and Central Labrador (figures XXV and XXVI). In the populated areas of Northeastern Newfoundland where fast access to markets and mass transportation are needed, sleighing in winter is no more possible. It can be said that these economic conditions are the main stimulus forroad building in the island. More and more « outports » are progressively freed from backward means of transportation and yin summertime yfrom the navigation itself too. The closing of navigation in the Bay of Exploits (the innermost part of Notre Dame Bay) results in the railway between the said bay and St. John s being peculiarly overloaded in winter, since paper from Bishop's Falls and ore concentrates from Buchans can no more be shipped through Botwood on the Bay of Exploits {figure XXVII).

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14

Gómez-Ortiz, A., M. Oliva, F. Salvador-Franch, M. Salvà-Catarineu, D. Palacios, J. J. de Sanjosé-Blasco, and L. M. Tanarro-García. "Dedradation of buried ice and permafrost in the Veleta Cirque (Sierra Nevada, Spain) from 2006–2013." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 1 (April 11, 2014): 1037–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-1037-2014.

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Abstract. The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (Southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written records since the XVII century. This glacier still had ice residues until the mid-XX century. This ice is no longer visible, but a residue persists along with discontinuous permafrost trapped under strata of rock blocks that make up an incipient rock glacier. From 2006 to 2013, this rock glacier was monitored by measurement of the temperature of the active layer, the degree of snow cover on the ground, movements of the body of the rock glacier and geophysical prospection inside it. The results show that the relict ice and trapped permafrost have been steadily declining. The processes that explain this degradation occur in chain, starting from the external radiation that affects the ground in summer, which is when the temperatures are higher. In effect, when this radiation steadily melts the snow on the ground, the thermal expansive wave advances into the heart of the active layer, reaching the ceiling of the frozen mass, which it then degrades and melts. In this entire linked process, the circulation of melt waters fulfil a highly significant function, as they act as heat transmitters. The complementary nature of these processes explains the subsidence and continuous changes in the entire clastic pack and the melting of the frozen ceiling on which it rests. This happens in summer in just a few weeks. All these events, in particular the geomorphological ones, take place on the Sierra Nevada peaks within certain climate conditions that are at present unfavourable to the maintenance of snow on the ground in summer. These conditions could be related to recent variations in the climate, starting in the mid-XIX century and most markedly since the second half of the XX century. The work and results highlight the climate sensitivity of the peaks of the Sierra Nevada to the effect of climate change and its impact on the dynamics of ecosystems, which is a benchmark for evaluating the current evolution of landscapes Mediterranean high mountain.

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15

Šindelář, Karel, Jiří Holubek, Emil Svátek, Miroslav Ryska, Martin Valchář, and Miroslav Protiva. "Butaclamol-like neuroleptic agents: Synthesis of 1-(11H-dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxathiepin-11-yl)methyl-4-isobutylpiperidin-4-ol and of some related compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 7 (1985): 1484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851484.

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1-(11H-Dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxathiepin-11-yl)methyl-4-piperidone (XIII), which was obtained from 11H-dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxathiepin-11-carboxylic acid (VIII) in four steps, was treated with isobutylmagnesium bromide and gave the title compound V in addition to the prevailing quantity of the secondary alcohol VI, i.e. the product of reduction. Synthesis of a series of trisubstituted benzyl phenyl sulfide derivatives XVIII-XXIV, XXVI-XXXI is described; these compounds are potential intermediates in the preparation of 11H-dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxathiepinacetic acids XVI and XVII. Chloromethylation of 11H-dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxathiepin (VII) and two further usual steps gave an acid to which structure XVI is assigned. Compound V is an open model of "oxathiaisobutaclamol" and in agreement with this fact it behaves like a neuroleptic agent: it increases the turnover and metabolism of dopamine in the rat brain striatum which is manifested by a significant rise of homovanillic acid level.

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Glew, David N. "Aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions. Part XVII. Formula of hydrogen sulfide hydrate and its dissociation thermodynamic functions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-121.

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Literature data for the saturation vapor pressure P(hl1g) of hydrogen sulfide hydrate with water, at 43 temperatures between quadruple points Q(hs1l1g) at 0.4°C and Q(hl1l2g) at 29.484°C, are properly represented by a six-parameter equation to give a standard error (SE) of 0.13% on a hydrate pressure measurement of unit weight. Equilibrium hydrogen sulfide and water fugacities and the gas and aqueous phase compositions are derived using the RedlichKwong equation of state. Literature data for the saturation vapor pressure P(hs1g) of hydrogen sulfide hydrate with ice, at 15 temperatures between 1.249 and 21.083°C, are properly represented by a two-parameter equation to give a SE of 0.26% on a single hydrate pressure measurement. Quadruple point Q(hs1l1g) is evaluated at temperature 0.413° with SE 0.042°C and at pressure 94.7 with SE 0.26 kPa. Using the thermodynamic method, described for deuterium sulfide D-hydrate, the equilibrium fugacities of hydrogen sulfide are used to define 43 equilibrium constants Kp(h[Formula: see text]l1g) for hydrate dissociation into water and hydrogen sulfide gas. The temperature dependence of ln Kp(h[Formula: see text]l1g) is represented by a three-parameter thermodynamic equation which gives both values and standard errors (i) for Kp(h[Formula: see text]l1g), and for δHot(h[Formula: see text]l1g) and δCpot(h[Formula: see text]l1g), the standard enthalpy and heat capacity changes for hydrate dissociation and (ii) for n = r the approximate formula number of the hydrate H2S·nH2O at each experimental temperature. The formula H2S·6.119H2O with standard error 0.029H2O is found for hydrogen sulfide hydrate with water at lower quadruple point Q(hs1l1g) 0.413°C: an approximate formula H2S·5.869H2O with SE 0.026H2O is found at upper quadruple point Q(hl1l2g) 29.484°C. These estimates for the formula of hydrogen sulfide hydrate at its quadruple points are not significantly different from those found for the deuterium sulfide D-hydrate.Key words: clathrate hydrate of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen sulfide hydrate, formula of hydrogen sulfide hydrate, thermodynamics of clathrate hydrate dissociation, dissociation equilibrium constant of hydrogen sulfide hydrate, standard enthalpy and heat capacity changes for dissociation of hydrogen sulfide hydrate.

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Heim, B., E. Abramova, R. Doerffer, F. Günther, J. Hölemann, A. Kraberg, H. Lantuit, et al. "Ocean Colour remote sensing in the Southern Laptev Sea: evaluation and applications." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 3849–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-3849-2013.

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Abstract. Enhanced permafrost warming and increased arctic river discharges have heightened concern about the input of terrigeneous matter into Arctic coastal waters. We used optical operational satellite data from the Ocean Colour sensor MERIS onboard the ENVISAT satellite mission for synoptic monitoring of the pathways of terrigeneous matter in the southern Laptev Sea. MERIS satellite data from 2006 on to 2011 were processed using the Case2Regional Processor, C2R, installed in the open-source software ESA BEAM-VISAT. Since optical remote sensing using Ocean Colour satellite data has seen little application in Siberian Arctic coastal and shelf waters, we assess the applicability of the calculated MERIS parameters with surface water sampling data from the Russian-German ship expeditions LENA2010 and TRANSDRIFT-XVII taking place in August and September 2010 in the southern Laptev Sea. The surface waters of the southern Laptev Sea are characterized by low transparencies, due to turbid river water input, terrestrial input by coastal erosion, resuspension events and, therefore, high background concentrations of Suspended Particulate Matter, SPM, and coloured Dissolved Organic Matter, cDOM. The mapped calculated optical water parameters, such as the first attenuation depth, Z90, the attenuation coefficient, k, and Suspended Particulate Matter, SPM, visualize resuspension events that occur in shallow coastal and shelf waters indicating vertical mixing events. The mapped optical water parameters also visualize that the hydrography of the Laptev Sea is dominated by frontal meanders with amplitudes up to 30 km and eddies and filaments with diameters up to 100 km that prevail throughout the ice-free season. The meander crests, filaments and eddy-like structures that become visible through the mapped MERIS C2R parameters indicate enhanced vertical and horizontal transport energy for the transport of terrigenous and living biological matter in the surface waters during the ice-free season.

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Kolpakov, Maksim Yur'evich, and Dmitry Vladimirovich Mikheev. "The cold route to Muscovy: European travelers of the XV – XVII Centuries in the conditions of Russian winter." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.5.35653.

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The XV – XVII centuries mark the intensification of trade, political and cultural contacts between the European countries and the Russian State. The large territory of the country, geographical peculiarities, road network, trade and political interests required long winter travels from the Europeans. The final data array, which describes the experience of European travelers is comprised of 27 essays and  reflects 32 visits or stay in the territory of the Russian State. From the representative range of sources, the author determines the characteristics of winters, assessments of the quality of winter roads, descriptions of clothes and road equipment, main methods of transportation, stories about the peculiarities of winter indoor and outdoor night lodging, common and uncommon methods against cold weather, and methods of treating freeze burns. The subjectivity or objectivity of “winter” testimonies of the foreigners was established in accordance with the climatic characteristics of simultaneous regional winter seasons in the texts of the Russian chronicles. The results of analysis of the natural and climatic conditions in Europe and the Russian State against the background of changes in heliophysical parameters allow asserting that European travelers of the so-called period of “Little Ice Age” came from the region with longer or colder winters. In the European part of the Russian State, abnormal freezing temperatures were marked later and not so longstanding. Over the three centuries of winter travels to Muscovy and trips to the domains of the tsar, the Europeans have adopted the experience and technologies of the local population, as well as developed the original recommendations for foreigners, who desired to live and work in the conditions of the “Russian winter”. A new stage in adaptation of economic activity and everyday life of the population to the impact of cold climate would become possible after the emergence of new types of transport and improvement of communication system in Modern Age.

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Riffenburgh, Beau. "Pilgrims on the ice: Robert Falcon Scott's first Antarctic expedition. T.H. Baughman. 1999. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, xvii + 334 p, illustrated, hard cover. ISBN 0-8032-1289-5. £29.95." Polar Record 37, no. 200 (January 2001): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026838.

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Hesek, Dušan, Alfonz Rybár, František Považanec, Augustin Martvoň, and Jaroslav Kováč. "1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 7-alkenyl- or 7-alkynyl-8-azidomethyltheophyllines." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 2 (1988): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880319.

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8-Azidomethyltheophillines XI-XIV, containing dipolarophilic alkenyl or alkynyl (i.e. allyl, 2-butenyl, cinnamyl, and 2-propynyl) groups in position 7, undergo thermally induced 1,3-dipolar intramolecular cycloaddition under formation of 7-substituted 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,6a,7,11-octahydro(1,2,3)triazolo[1’,5’:1,2]pyrazino[5,4-f]purines XV-XVII and 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro(1,2,3)triazolo[1’,5’:1,2]pyrazino[5,4-f]purine (XVIII), respectively. The compounds were synthesized starting from 8-hydroxymethyltheophilline (I) which was alkylated to give 7-alkenyl- and 7-alkynyl-8-hydroxymethyltheophillines III-VI and these were converted into the corresponding 8-halogenomethyl derivatives VII-X by treatment with thionyl chloride or phosphorus tribromide. Reaction of VII-X with sodium azide afforded the 8-azidomethyl derivatives XI-XIV.

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Blois, Jessica L. "Once and Future Giants: What Ice Age Extinctions Tell Us about the Fate of Earth's Largest Animals. By Sharon Levy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. $24.95. xvii + 255 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-19-537012-6. 2011." Quarterly Review of Biology 87, no. 1 (March 2012): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/663905.

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De Souza, Patricio. "People and Culture in Ice Age Americas: New Dimensions in Paleoamerican Archaeology. RAFAEL SUÁREZ and CIPRIAN F. ARDELEAN, editors. 2019. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. xvii + 268 pp., 106 illustrations. $60.00 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1-60781-645-4." Latin American Antiquity 31, no. 2 (June 2020): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2020.37.

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Kościelniak, Karol. "Wpływ wojen północnych XVII i XVIII w. na postawy i relacje mieszkańców Poznania różnych wyznań." Studia Historyczne 62, no. 1 (245) (July 13, 2021): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.01.03.

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Impact of the Northern Wars of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries on Attitudes and Relations Between Various Religious Denominations Among Poznań Burghers Wars often result in changes of peoples’ attitudes and approach towards others and social, economic and religious reality around them. This is especially true among those who have personally experienced atrocities of military conflicts. The aim of this paper is to reveal the impact of the Northern Wars (i.e. the 1655-1660 and 1700-1712 conflicts) on attitudes and relations between burghers of the city of Poznań representing various religious denominations. Examination of evidence shows that citizens of Poznań displayed usually toleration for other religions groups. This circumstance, of course, did not exclude occasional religious upheaval.

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Hindmarsh, Richard C. A. "G. S. H. Lock 1990. The Growth and Decay of Ice. Studies in Polar Research Series. xvii + 434 pp. Cambridge University Press. Price £65.00, US $100.00 (hard covers). ISBN 0 521 33133 1. - R. P. Sharp 1991. Living Ice. Understanding Glaciers and Glaciation. First paperback edition; first published in 1988. Cambridge University Press. Price £10.95, US $15.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 521 40740 0." Geological Magazine 129, no. 3 (May 1992): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800019385.

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Carlos Vargas, Juan. "From Rule-Breaking to Rule-Breaking: Notes on Punctuation in the Early Novel and Contemporary Poetry." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v30i2.4440.

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Durante mucho tiempo, la mayoría de los críticos han ignorado la puntuación en los textos literarios. Sin embargo, la puntuación constituye una parte esencial del proceso creativo. La manera en que cada escritor emplea los signos de puntuación dice tanto de su sensibilidad creativa como de su uso de metáforas, metonimia y de cualquier otro "trope". En este artículo se intenta revisar cómo se empleó, en las primeras novelas británicas, el "trope of punctuation" y se pretende demostrar, además, que muchas de las reglas que hoy guían a los estudiantes de composición eran desconocidas durante el Renacimiento y los siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX. Lo mismo puede decirse de la poesía estadounidense contemporánea, en la que muchos poetas cometen "errores" (i.e., comma splices, fragments, run-on sentences) con fines poéticos. Este artículo trata, además, sobre el empleo de la puntuación en la antigüedad y explora el uso creativo de la puntuación, que constituye una parte integral de mucha de la literatura que leemos y valoramos.

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Bobrov, D. S. "ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE BIYSK FORTRESS IN THE RUSSIAN COLONIZATION PROCESS IN THE ALTAI IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY (TO THE 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ERECTION OF THE SECOND BIYSK STOCKADED TOWN." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-4-13-23.

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The article features the role of the Biysk Fortress in the Russian colonization process in the Altai reagion. The author revealed the place of the Fortress in the administrative and political process which took place in the Kuznetsk province and generally in the South of Western Siberia in the end of the XVII – the middle of the XVIII century. The research was based on unpublished documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The research involved various problems of the stockaded town, i.e. the number of soldiers in the garrison and its supply organization, the identity of its clerks and their relations with Kuznetsk commanders and staff officers of regular military groups. The article shows that some decisions and actions of the county authorities had a negative influence on the defensive capacity of the fortress. The author identified four stages in the Biysk Fortress history of the first half of the XVIII century and recognizes the priority of the administrative and political development over the fortification building in the management discourse at the local level. The author also highlighted the combination of classical and hybrid strategies and the Biysk Fortress management practices. The given facts make it possible to take a fresh look at the mechanisms of the Russian colonization of the Altai and the southern regions of Western Siberia.

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Karyś, Jerzy Witold. "The Sobieski family and their properties in Royal Prussia." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Zeszyty Historyczne 19 (2021): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/zh.2021.19.03.

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In Royal Prussia, on the tern of XVII century, the economy system exist as: villain, compound and based on the rent. In Vistula Żuławy, it was profiting with fertile soil and irrigated fields and with the modern method of forming. That system was permitting become rich. Big sense was work of menonits, residing in northern regions and first of all in the Nowy Dwór economy. King Jan the third Sobieski obtained economy success but his sons first of all defeats cased by the third northern war. New Polish king August the second was combating with Sobieski family. These was the cause that Sobieski family successively was selling the properties in the Royal Prussia – in 1717 year and 1720 year. In 1733 year in Poland was beginning itself succession war, which wasn’t advantageous for the last property of Sobieski family in spite of some written interventions of Jakub Ludwik. After a longtime, in 1743 year the presence of the Sobieski family in Royal Prussia was ended.

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Ali, Asma, Khalid Ali Hamdin, and Shahoor Khan. "On symmetric biadditive mappings of semiprime rings." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 35, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v35i1.23568.

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Let R be a ring with centre Z(R). A mapping D(., .) : R× R −→ R issaid to be symmetric if D(x, y) = D(y, x) for all x, y ∈ R. A mapping f : R −→ Rdefined by f(x) = D(x, x) for all x ∈ R, is called trace of D. It is obvious thatin the case D(., .) : R × R −→ R is a symmetric mapping, which is also biadditive(i.e. additive in both arguments), the trace f of D satisfies the relation f(x + y) =f(x) + f(y) + 2D(x, y), for all x, y ∈ R. In this paper we prove that a nonzero left idealL of a 2-torsion free semiprime ring R is central if it satisfies any one of the followingproperties: (i) f(xy) ∓ [x, y] ∈ Z(R), (ii) f(xy) ∓ [y, x] ∈ Z(R), (iii) f(xy) ∓ xy ∈Z(R), (iv) f(xy)∓yx ∈ Z(R), (v) f([x, y])∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (vi) f([x, y])∓[y, x] ∈ Z(R),(vii) f([x, y])∓xy ∈ Z(R), (viii) f([x, y])∓yx ∈ Z(R), (ix) f(xy)∓f(x)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R),(x) f(xy)∓f(y)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xi) f([x, y])∓f(x)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xii) f([x, y])∓f(y)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xiii) f([x, y])∓f(xy)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xiv) f([x, y])∓f(xy)∓[y, x] ∈ Z(R),(xv) f(x)f(y) ∓ [x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xvi) f(x)f(y) ∓ [y, x] ∈ Z(R), (xvii) f(x)f(y) ∓ xy ∈Z(R), (xviii) f(x)f(y) ∓ yx ∈ Z(R), (xix) f(x) ◦ f(y) ∓ [x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xx) f(x) ◦f(y) ∓ xy ∈ Z(R), (xxi) f(x) ◦ f(y) ∓ yx ∈ Z(R), (xxii) f(x)f(y) ∓ x ◦ y ∈ Z(R),(xxiii) [x, y] − f(xy) + f(yx) ∈ Z(R), for all x, y ∈ R, where f stands for the trace of asymmetric biadditive mapping D(., .) : R × R −→ R.

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Urban, Jiří, Emil Svátek, Miroslav Ryska, Jan Metyš, Stanislav Wildt, and Miroslav Protiva. "4-Aryl-3-(dimethylaminomethyl)thiacyclohexan-4-ols including the thia analogue of tramadol; Synthesis and analgetic activity." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 5 (1987): 1340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871340.

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Mannich reaction of thiacyclohexan-4-one with dimethylamine and paraformaldehyde afforded 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)thiacyclohexan-4-one (XIV) which was subjected to reactions with a series of arylmagnesium bromides. The products were mixtures of trans- and cis-amino alcohols III-XII from which the predominating trans-components were mostly obtained by crystallization of hydrochlorides or chromatography of bases. The tramadol (I) analogue, i.e. the 3-methoxy compound V, was prepared in the form of both racemates and their relative configuration was confirmed by the IR spectra. Compound V was demethylated to the 3-hydroxyphenyl analogue XIII, transformed to the bis-onium salt XVI, partially N-demethylated to the N-monodemethyl analogue XVII, and oxidized to the sulfoxide XX and to the sulfone N-oxide XXI. Some of the amino alcohols (III-V, VIII, IX, XIII) showed clear analgetic activity in the writhing syndrome inhibition test in mice; the 3-methoxy and 3-hydroxy compounds (V and XIII) were the most active ones, the latter being slightly more active than tramadol (I).

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Zhang, Wenmin, Ling Zhang, Yunxin Cheng, Shigeru Morita, Zhengxiong Wang, Ailan Hu, Fengling Zhang, et al. "Line identification of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra from iron, copper and molybdenum ions in EAST tokamak." Physica Scripta 97, no. 4 (March 4, 2022): 045604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5696.

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Abstract Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra emitted from iron and copper ions in a range of 8–500 Å and molybdenum ions in a range of 8–400 Å were measured in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) discharges accompanied with spontaneous sputtering events, by which metallic impurity influxes are suddenly increased in the discharge. Several spectral lines from L-, M-, and N-shell partially ionized ions have been successfully observed with two EUV spectrometers named EUV_Short and EUV_Long working in wavelength ranges of 8–130 Å and 20–500 Å, respectively. The wavelength position is accurately calibrated in-situ based on several well-known spectra of low-Z impurity ions. The line identification is carefully performed based on the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) database and previously published experimental data. As a result, it is found that B-, Be-, and Li-like iron and copper spectra Al-, Mg-, and Na-like molybdenum spectra appear in discharges with high central electron temperature (>1.8 keV). The highest ionization stages identified here are Li-like iron and copper and Na-like molybdenum, e.g. Fe XXIV at 192.028 Å (1s22p 2P3/2 → 1s22s 2S1/2), Cu XXVII at 153.513 Å (1s22p 2P3/2 → 1s22s 2S1/2) and Mo XXXII at 127.868 Å (2p63p 2P3/2 → 2p63s 2S1/2). Two unresolved transition arrays of molybdenum ions (Mo-UTAs) appear at wavelength ranges of 15–30 Å and 65–95 Å, and are preliminarily identified as Mo XX-Mo XXXII and Mo XVII-Mo XXXII, respectively. In addition, six spectral lines are newly found by comparing a time evolution of the line intensity from impurity ions in different ionization stages, i.e. Fe XVIII at 17.60 ± 0.02 Å, Cu XXI at 13.15 ± 0.02 Å, Cu XVIII at 260.32 ± 0.07 Å, Cu XVIII at 261.00 ± 0.06 Å, Mo XXVIII at 85.30 ± 0.03 Å and Mo XXIX at 89.59 ± 0.03 Å. The wavelengths of EUV spectra identified in this work are summarized in tables with transitions for each impurity species.

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Borja Santa Cruz, Ruth Elena. "mujer indígena de Ica a inicios de la colonia." Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense, no. 53 (February 24, 2020): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54571/ajee.450.

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El Archivo General de la Nación del Perú (AGN), ubicado en la ciudad de Lima, conserva un volumen de 4 832 Protocolos Notariales, entre los cuales se hallan registradas las escrituras públicas de los departamentos de Lima e Ica teniendo como fechas extremas los años 1533-1899. En este fondo se ubica el protocolo n° 2. Redactado en el valle de Ica, durante el siglo XVII por el notario público Joseph de Aguilar y otros, dicho documento registra algunos testamentos de mujeres indígenas, los cuales serán materia de análisis en el presente trabajo.

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Wang, Ze-Ren, Xu-Liang Zhu, Lu Jiang, Kai Zhang, Hui-Wen Luo, Yue Gu, and Peng Zhang. "Investigations of the Hydrogen Bonds and Vibrational Spectra of Clathrate Ice XVI." Materials 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12020246.

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Natural gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline materials formed from natural gas and clathrate ice under high pressure and low temperature. Ice XVI, the first S-II type clathrate ice produced in the lab, was simulated by first-principles density functional theory with the CASTEP code. A 34-molecule supercell was built to mimic the hydrogen-disordered structure. The vibrational spectra were calculated as a reference for inelastic neutron scattering (INS), infrared (IR) absorption, and Raman scattering experiments. Two kinds of H-bond vibration modes corresponding to two different bond strengths were found in our previous studies. In this paper, the statistics of distribution calculated by integrating these two kinds of modes was found to match the phonon density of states (PDOS) very well. We confirmed that the two basic types of H-bonds also appeared in clathrate ice XVI. The typical normal modes were analyzed to illustrate the dynamic process of lattice vibrations.

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Manko, Svitlana. "Women musicians from the Middle Ages to the present: The transformation of the image." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 55 (October 10, 2022): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.55.07.11.

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The article characterizes the problem of transformation of the image of a woman in musical art from the Middle Ages to the present. The work uses both general scientific methods of research: analysis and synthesis, as well as historical methods. As a result, we consider the formation of women in musical art in the Middle Ages, the problems of salon music-making of the XVII-XVIII centuries, and the problem of transformation of the role of women in musical art at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries is characterized. As a result, it is noted that the music of the Middle Ages was defined by a cappella singing and unanimity. The most famous composer of that time was Hildegard of Bingen, who is considered the probable founder of opera. Women-troubadours - medieval poetesses, songwriters, and their performers - held a place of honor in the music of the time. The basic motifs of their songs were different: some sang the consolation of love, while others sang the suffering of one-sided love. Despite this, until the XX century, the attitude towards women musicians was biased, and the image of music was often used in literature to refer to the “new” woman, i.e., feminist.

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Adamenko, Oleh M., Denys O. Zorin, and Kateryna O. Radlowska. "Forecasting of disaster floods in Dniester valley." Environmental safety and natural resources 42, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.112-120.

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In recent years, two catastrophic floods have occurred in the Carpathian region and in Podillya: one on July 23–28, 2008, and the other on June 20–24, 2020. Both caused enormous damage to the environment and the population, which was widely reported in the media. To be prepared for natural disasters, you need to learn to predict them, that is, to know in what area they occur, what will be the height of the rise of water and when it will happen. From this triad, the first two components have already learned to predict, but the third has not yet. The article considers the possibility of a weather forecast, which was confirmed during the flood of June 20–24, 2020. O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin plotted global climate change over the period of the Earth's history from its birth 4.567 billion years ago to the present. It turned out that the warm and cold periods alternated periodically, from the Galactic Year (225–250 million years), of which there were 19, to the current 11 summer cycles of solar activity. A total of 13 orders of cycles were identified, which interfere in the form of sinusoids, determining the periodicity of geological events. Geotectonic epochs of the 2nd order (50–70 million years) are superimposed on the cyclicity of the 1st order – galactic years – these are Karelian, Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Pacific and Alpine tectonic-magmatic epochs, which are divided into parts of the 3rd (30–40 million years) and 4th (10–15 million) orders. The following cycles – 5 (3–5 million years), 6 (150–140 thousand years) and 7 (10–20 thousand years) are associated with a large Cenozoic cooling, which ended with the Quaternary glaciation. 8 (1–4 thousand years) and 9 (500–600 years) cycles reflect changes in warming and cooling in the quarter. And then the analysis of events is reconstructed on the basis of archaeological and chronicle data: from the beginning of our era to the XII century. Warming of the IX cycle continued – a small climatic optimum and a small ice age (XIII – XVII centuries). Since the XIX century modern warming began with clear 33-year fluctuations of the X cycle. Since 1881, instrumental observations have appeared at meteorological stations and hydro posts. XI (20–15–11 years), XII (5–6 years) and XIII (3–4 years) cycles appeared. Against the background of 33 annual fluctuations in the global climate, 11 annual cycles and catastrophic floods of 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2008 appeared, and the catastrophic flood of 2020 predicted by O.M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin. Thus, it is possible to learn to predict the time of the next catastrophic flood.

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Zoia, Luca, Anika Salanti, Claudio Giorgione, Rodolfo Gentili, Sandra Citterio, Isabella Gandolfi, Andrea Franzetti, and Marco Orlandi. "Integrated biological and chemical characterisation of a pair of leonardesque canal lock gates." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): e0247478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247478.

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The Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia “Leonardo da Vinci” in Milan is exposing two pairs of canal lock gates, used to control the water flow in Milan canal system, whose design appears in the Leonardo’s Codex Atlanticus. The wood present in the gates has been deeply characterised by mean of a multidisciplinary investigation involving i) DNA barcoding of wood fragments; ii) microbial community characterisation, and iii) chemical analyses. DNA barcoding revealed that two fragments of the gates belonged to wood species widely used in the middle age: Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies. The chemical characterisations were based on the use of ionic liquid as dissolving medium in order to analyse the entire cell wall material by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and 2D-NMR-HSQC techniques. This multidisciplinary analytical approach was able to highlight the complex nature of the degradation occurred during the gate operation (XVI-XVIII centuries): an intricate interplay between microbial populations (i.e. Shewanella), inorganic factors (i.e. iron from nails), physical factors and the lignocellulosic material.

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Dillehay, Thomas. "Lost World: Rewriting Prehistory—How New Science is Tracing America's Ice Age Mariners. Tom Koppel. 2003. Atria Books, New York, xvii + 300 pp. figures and index. $26.00 (cloth). - The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era. Gary Haynes. 2002. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xiv + 345 pp, figures, references, and index (cloth)." American Antiquity 70, no. 1 (January 2005): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035289.

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Cruz, Fernando J. A. L., and José P. B. Mota. "Structure and thermodynamics of empty clathrate hydrates below the freezing point of water." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 30 (2021): 16033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00893e.

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Ultra-cold empty clathrate hydrates are benchmarked against hexagonal ice and ice XVI and a universal equation of state for highly compressed solids is used for the empty lattices. Unit cell lengths, isobaric expansivities and tetrahedral order parameters are calculated.

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Sibiryakov, Maxim N., and Andrey N. Efremov. "О даурах в Якутии XVII в." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 14, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2022-1-83-94.

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Introduction. The article examines ‘yasak’ books and explores Daurs to have resided in Yakutia in 1634-1678. Goals. The study aims to analyze all available data on Daurs who had inhabited the Aldan River Basin (‘Aldan Daurs’). The objectives to be pursued thereto include as follows: 1) analysis of sources mentioning the 17th-century Aldan Daurs, 2) identification of similarities and differences between the Daur population of Yakutia and kindred ethnic groups. Materials and methods. The study primarily analyzes scientific works on the history of Yakutia, as well as published archival documents of that period ― yasak books, orders, and petitions. The work employs historical research methods, i.e. the historical descriptive (narrative), comparative ones, and that of linguistic analysis. Results. The paper articulates assumptions about origins of individuals mentioned in the yasak book, and provides a detailed linguistic analysis of Daur and other names for the former’s ethnic identification. The article deals with the Daurs of Yakutia only, and does not address the issue of the origin of the Sakha people (Yakuts). The work shows that the available sources are insufficient for accurate ethnic identification of Yakutia’s Daurs. This question requires further comprehensive research.

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Шокин, Юрий Иванович, and Владимир Борисович Барахнин. "Scientometrics view on scientific contacts of academician N.N. Yanenko." Вычислительные технологии, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2021.26.2.005.

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В данной статье, посвященной столетию со дня рождения выдающегося советского математика и механика, академика АН СССР, Героя Социалистического Труда Николая Николаевича Яненко, представлен подробный анализ его научной генеалогии с использованием проекта “Математическая генеалогия”. Показано, что в научной генеалогии академика Н.Н. Яненко оказались перечислены имена наиболее выдающихся отечественных математиков XIX в., подавляющего большинства крупнейших математиков континентальной Европы XVII - второй половины XIX вв., а также выдающихся астрономов, физиков, медиков, философов, богословов православия, католицизма, англиканства и лютеранства. Кроме того, проанализировано научное сотрудничество Н.Н. Яненко, зафиксированное в Collaboration Distance Project. Установлено, что расстояние соавторства академика Н.Н. Яненко до наиболее известных математиков и физиков ХХ-XXI вв. составляет 3-5. The present work is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the distinguished Soviet specialist in mathematics and mechanics, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor Nikolai Nikolaevich Yanenko. A detailed analysis of N.N. Yanenko scientific genealogy using the “Mathematical genealogy” project is given. It is demonstrated that the scientific genealogy of N.N. Yanenko contains the name of the most prominent national mathematician of the 19th century, the majority of leading mathematician of the continental Europe of the 16th - 2nd half of the 19th centuries, as well as prominent astronomers, physicists, physicians, philosophers, theologians of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Catholicism, Anglicanism, Lutheranism. The scientific cooperation of N.N. Yanenko is analyzed using the Collaboration Distance Project. The co-authorship distance from N.N. Yanenko to the most famous mathematician and physicists of the 20th-21th centuries is computed to be equal to 3-5.

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Barros, Patrícia De Sá, Érika Carvalho de Aquino, and Marta Rovery de Souza. "Fetal mortality and the challenges for women’s health care in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (January 30, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000714.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish a historical series of fetal mortality in Brazil and regions between 1996 and 2015, identifying its behavior and trend. METHODS: A descriptive study on cases of fetal deaths in Brazil and in each region reported from 1996 to 2015, registered in DATASUS and classified by ICD-10. Maternal age and schooling, duration of gestation and type of delivery were considered. We calculated the fetal mortality rate between 1996 and 2015 to build historical series. RESULTS: The time series shows a steady chart of the fetal mortality rate (FMR) from 2000 in Brazil and in all regions. The country’s fetal mortality rate rose from 8.19 in 1996 to 9.50 per 1,000 births in 2015. There was an increasing trend in fetal deaths whose root cause appears in chapter XVII of ICD-10 in Brazil and in all regions. Deaths from Chapter XVI causes showed a trend of increase only in the Northeast region, while other basic causes showed a trend of increase in the Southeast and South regions. In the Brazilian scope, there was an increasing trend of fetal deaths in mothers in the 10-14 and 25-44 years age groups. In Brazil and in all regions, there was an increase of the FMR in women with more than 8 years of schooling. Fetal deaths predominated between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, with a growing trend in Brazil and all regions, except in the South (steady). Vaginal delivery prevailed, with a steady trend, while cesarean sections showed an increasing trend in Brazil and in all regions. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of information about fetal deaths, investments in research committees, and improvement in the quality of prenatal care should be prioritized to enable more effective coping and to reduce the fetal mortality rate in Brazil.

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Lewis, Michael. "Emotional development: recent research advances. Edited by Jacqueline Nadel and Darwin Muir. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005. pp. xvii, 457. Price: $57.50, £29.95. ISBN 0198528833." Infant and Child Development 15, no. 4 (2006): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.451.

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Heim, B., E. Abramova, R. Doerffer, F. Günther, J. Hölemann, A. Kraberg, H. Lantuit, et al. "Ocean colour remote sensing in the southern Laptev Sea: evaluation and applications." Biogeosciences 11, no. 15 (August 12, 2014): 4191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014.

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Abstract. Enhanced permafrost warming and increased Arctic river discharges have heightened concern about the input of terrigenous matter into Arctic coastal waters. We used optical operational satellite data from the ocean colour sensor MERIS (Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) aboard the ENVISAT satellite mission for synoptic monitoring of the pathways of terrigenous matter on the shallow Laptev Sea shelf. Despite the high cloud coverage in summer that is inherent to this Arctic region, time series from MERIS satellite data from 2006 on to 2011 could be acquired and were processed using the Case-2 Regional Processor (C2R) for optically complex surface waters installed in the open-source software ESA BEAM-VISAT. Since optical remote sensing using ocean colour satellite data has seen little application in Siberian Arctic coastal and shelf waters, we assess the applicability of the calculated MERIS C2R parameters with surface water sampling data from the Russian–German ship expeditions LENA2008, LENA2010 and TRANSDRIFT-XVII taking place in August 2008 and August and September 2010 in the southern Laptev Sea. The shallow Siberian shelf waters are optically not comparable to the deeper, more transparent waters of the Arctic Ocean. The inner-shelf waters are characterized by low transparencies, due to turbid river water input, terrestrial input by coastal erosion, resuspension events and, therefore, high background concentrations of suspended particulate matter and coloured dissolved organic matter. We compared the field-based measurements with the satellite data that are closest in time. The match-up analyses related to LENA2008 and LENA2010 expedition data show the technical limits of matching in optically highly heterogeneous and dynamic shallow inner-shelf waters. The match-up analyses using the data from the marine TRANSDRIFT expedition were constrained by several days' difference between a match-up pair of satellite-derived and in situ parameters but are also based on the more stable hydrodynamic conditions of the deeper inner- and the outer-shelf waters. The relationship of satellite-derived turbidity-related parameters versus in situ suspended matter from TRANSDRIFT data shows that the backscattering coefficient C2R_bb_spm can be used to derive a Laptev-Sea-adapted SPM algorithm. Satellite-derived Chl a estimates are highly overestimated by a minimum factor of 10 if applied to the inner-shelf region due to elevated concentrations of terrestrial organic matter. To evaluate the applicability of ocean colour remote sensing, we include the visual analysis of lateral hydrographical features. The mapped turbidity-related MERIS C2R parameters show that the Laptev Sea is dominated by resuspension above submarine shallow banks and by frontal instabilities such as frontal meanders with amplitudes up to 30 km and eddies and filaments with horizontal scales up to 100 km that prevail throughout the sea-ice-free season. The widespread turbidity above submarine shallow banks indicates inner-shelf vertical mixing that seems frequently to reach down to submarine depths of a minimum of 10 m. The resuspension events and the frontal meanders, filaments and eddies indicate enhanced vertical mixing being widespread on the inner shelf. It is a new finding for the Laptev Sea that numerous frontal instabilities are made visible, and how highly time-dependent and turbulent the Laptev Sea shelf is. The meanders, filaments and eddies revealed by the ocean colour parameters indicate the lateral transportation pathways of terrestrial and living biological material in surface waters.

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Fedin, Andrey Valentinovich. "Acculturation strategies: a policy of francization in a context of Jesuit mission in New France in first half of the XVII century." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164206.

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Formation of the difficult and branched out network of the unions with the American Indian tribes, based on mutually advantageous economic and military-political relations was one of the main features of the French colonial regime in Canada of XVII century. As a result, in the first decades of XVII century the most outstanding representatives of secular and spiritual colonisation of New France (Champlain, Recollects and Jesuits) started working out the most effective strategy of Franco-Amerindian rapprochement and the cooperation, embodied in the program francization, i.e., ideas of acculturation and assimilation of the native population of Canada by Frenchmen as basic means of social and economic and political development of a colony. Catholic missionaries including members of a Jesuit order were interested in realisation of this program at the initial stage of development of new territories and formation of a colonial infrastructure, as material basis of their apostolate activity among the American Indian peoples. From this point of view, Civilisation of Indians on the French sample was considered priority in relation to Christianization. In the process of Jesuit mission network expansion among the cores of trading and military colony partners and the Jesuit missionary transformation into the main intermediary in Franco-Amerindian relations in the middle of XVII century, on the one hand, and growth of contradictions with the secular colonial power on a wide spectrum of problems (including trade in alcoholic drinks), Jesuits began to audit initial positions of the francization program, resulted in 2nd half of the century to full refusal of them and the statement of a primacy of the religious reference over the cultural.

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Antowska-Gorączniak, Olga, Paweł Lech, and Andrzej Sikorski. "Studnia przydrożna z XVI-XVII wieku na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu." Ecclesia. Studia z Dziejów Wielkopolski, no. 11 (October 15, 2018): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/e.2016.11.3.

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In July 2008 a roadside well was discovered on the cathedral island in Poznań (to date at least five drawing wells from the late Middle Ages and modern times have been registered). The well was unearthed at the rose square (excavation pit 51/2008) about 18 m from the facade of the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary (and the now nonexistent churchyard) at the level of 56.09 meters above sea level (rubble fill-in) – 50.61 meters above sea level (end of exploration) – Fig. 1. The object was situated directly next to the road, in a large oval or quadrilateral pit (with rounded corners) ca 3.6 m in diameter, and was ca 5.5 m deep. The wooden construction which protected the walls of the object was done in the post and beam technique – Fig. 2. Many different objects fell (were thrown) into the well while water was being drawn from it, perhaps some of them were redeemed while other remained at the bottom. However, most of the “sunk” relics got into the well while it was being dug or repaired, but especially when it was filled in, i.e. when water was no longer drawn from it (Figs. 4 and 5).The well, which was sunk during the rule of Bishop Jan Lubrański (1499-1520), i.e. at a time of prosperity of Ostrów Tumski in the 16th century, was in use and water was drawn from it in the 15/16-17th centuries. It is difficult to assert what reasons decided about its being

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Perevezentsev, Sergey V. "“Approved by God to the Sovereign…”. The Image of the Sovereign in the Works of the End of 15th–17th Centuries." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 54 (May 20, 2019): 173–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2019-0-2-173-205.

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The article is devoted to the theme that used to be the focus point in the views of Slavophils and their discussion both with each other and with the opponents: the nature of Tsar power in Russia, its political continuity, psychological and political legitimization. What demands are put forward on the tsar power in general and the particular sovereign in Russian political culture? What authority image should the sovereign in Russia comply with personally? In what aspects the Russian Tsar authority preserves succession with its historic analogues – Roman and Byzantine empires, and in what aspects it was unique and inimitable in world practice? The author analyzes the background of the issue, – what the image of the sovereign was like in the works of the end of the 15th–17th centuries, i.e. in the post-Horde period of the consolidation and centralization of Russian State system, the prime of the Rurikovich dynasty, the Distemper period and accession to the throne of the Romanov dynasty.

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Abykanova, B. T., A. A. Saypova, K. K. Shalgynbaeva, and G. M. Kussainov. "Pedagogical Technology: A Specific Historical Approach." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. PEDAGOGY. PSYCHOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY Series 133, no. 4 (2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6895-2020-133-4-11-19.

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In modern conditions of numerous reforms, modernizations and updates, much attention is paid to the content of education and the technological basis of education, which has not been reformatted for centuries. It is practically ignored. As a result, the quality of education is constantly deteriorating, as evidenced by data from international studies PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS, TALIS, etc. In this regard, the article deals with the organization of the educational process, the core component of which is the General forms of education, which, depending on specific historical conditions, dominate in its organizational structure. The underestimation of these laws of development of the educational process has led to the constant and systematic improvement of the traditional pedagogical technology, i.e. the group method of learning (GML), which was established in schools and universities in the XVI-XVII centuries. The lack of a unified understanding of the essence and classification of pedagogical technologies in pedagogical theory and practice has led to the need to define the concept of «pedagogical technology», classification of pedagogical technologies based on a specific historical approach.The content of the article includes an analysis of the concepts and classifications of pedagogical technologies that are built in accordance with the so-called psychological and pedagogical approach. Based on the concrete historical approach (V.K.Dyachenko), analysis of long-term pedagogical practice and scientific research, the author offers a justification for the need to restructure and master the new and newest pedagogical technology of collective method of learning (CML) and ways to implement it. The novelty consists in the author’s approach to defining the essence of the concept of «pedagogical technology», classification and characteristics of the implementation of CML technology «horizontally» and «vertically», and the practical results of implementing each of them are presented.

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M????tt??, Marko, Ritva Heljasvaara, Raija Sormunen, Taina Pihlajaniemi, Helena Autio-Harmainen, and Timo Tervo. "Differential Expression of Collagen Types XVIII/Endostatin and XV in Normal, Keratoconus, and Scarred Human Corneas." Cornea 25, no. 3 (April 2006): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ico.0000178729.57435.96.

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Savenkova, V. M. "The genesis of ideas about ice phenomena: from the first fixations to the beginning of the XVIII century." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 579 (November 5, 2020): 012171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/579/1/012171.

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Seroka, Krzysztof. "Ius caducum w Lublinie w pierwszej ćwierci XVII w." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 21, no. 2 (2022): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2022.21.02.04.

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The research objective of the study focuses on the functioning of the escheat law within cities. The research, although undertaken in a limited chronological scope, may contribute to the introduction of an issue that has not yet been recognized. The subject of the findings are the detailed issues of the functioning of the escheat law in former Poland, in particular the implementation of the monarch’s prerogative in the light of its limitations imposed in the parliamentary constitutions, the property scope of the escheat law and the issue of the participation of local royal state authorities, i.e. the starost’s office and local (municipal) government authorities, in the execution of the monarch’s decisions. Apart from persons appointed to the inheritance by virtue of law or will, the monarch could also participate in the inheritance proceedings. A heirless or testamentless inheritance fell to the king who, under the law of the escheat (ius caducum), embraced such an inheritance, which was then known in Poland as the “puścizna”. The ruler’s powers in the field of ius caducum were limited by the parliamentary constitutions requiring the king to grant noble goods acquired under the escheat law only to distinguished persons from among the nobility. These restrictions did not apply to the king’s administration and disposal of the bourgeois escheat goods. The process of granting by the king the caduceus estates of the burghers to the nobility are presented on the basis of royal documents concerning the inheritance of Lublin residents passing down to the nobility in the first quarter of the 17th century. The sources used in the research are eighteen documents found in the books of the Crown Record kept by the royal chancellery. The applied research method relates to research on the sources of law. A feature of the presented findings is reliance on unpublished archival sources, which require taking into account the philological and palaeographic methods related to the preparation of sources for analysis.

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Шокин, Юрий Иванович, Анатолий Михайлович Федотов, and Владимир Борисович Барахнин. "On the family and scientific ties of A.A. Lyapunov, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences." Вычислительные технологии, no. 5 (November 24, 2021): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2021.26.5.009.

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В данной статье, посвященной 110-летию со дня рождения одного из основоположников отечественной кибернетики, члена-корреспондента АН СССР Алексея Андреевича Ляпунова излагается его родословная, восходящая к легендарному князю Рюрику, описываются родственные связи семьи А.А. Ляпунова, входившей в круг российской интеллектуальной элиты конца XIX - начала ХХ вв. Представлен подробный анализ его научной генеалогии с использованием проекта “Математическая генеалогия”. Показано, что в научной генеалогии соавторства А.А. Ляпунова оказались перечислены имена крупнейших математиков континентальной Европы XVII - второй половины XIX вв., а также выдающихся астрономов, физиков, медиков, философов, богословов Православия, католицизма, англиканства и лютеранства. Кроме того, проанализировано научное сотрудничество А.А. Ляпунова, зафиксированное в Collaboration Distance Project. Установлено, что расстояние соавторства члена-корреспондента АН СССР А.А. Ляпунова до наиболее известных математиков и физиков ХХ-XXI вв. составляет 3-5. This article is dedicated to the 110anniversary of the birth of one of the founders of Russian cybernetics, the Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Alexei Andreevich Lyapunov, and examines his family connections and scientific contacts. A.A. Lyapunov was a representative of the noble family of the Lyapunovs, a descendant of Grigory Petrovich Lyapunov who was a prominent politician of the Time of Troubles, bravely denounced False Dmitry I and was executed by the Impostor. In turn, according to the “Russian genealogical book”, G.P. Lyapunov was a descendant of Rurik in the 27generation through the line of Konstantin Galitsky, the younger brother of Alexander Nevsky. The article shows that the encyclopedic knowledge of Aleksey Andreevich Lyapunov was founded yet by family upbringing: the Lyapunov family was closely related by kinship ties with many famous families of the Russian intellectual elite, who created in fact the national science of the late 19th - early 20th centuries: the Sechenovs, the Krylovs, the Kapitsas, the Nametkins. Further in the article, a detailed analysis of the scientific genealogy of A.A. Lyapunov with the usage of the “Mathematical Genealogy” project is carried out. In this “Genealogy” there are the names of many of the greatest mathematicians of continental Europe of the 17- second half of the 19centuries, as well as the outstanding astronomers, physicists, chemists, philosophers, theologians of Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism and Lutheranism. On one of the lines, the Lyapunov’s scientific genealogy can be traced up to the Persian mathematicians of the 12century. In addition, the scientific collaboration of A.A. Lyapunov, which is recorded in the Collaboration Distance Project, was analyzed. It was established that the distance of co-authorship of A.A. Lyapunov, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, to the most famous mathematicians and theoretical physicists of the 20-21centuries, including almost all the Abel Prize laureates and a number of Nobel Prize winners in physics, is 3-5

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ice XVII'

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