Academic literature on the topic 'Ice mechanics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ice mechanics"

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Weiss, Jérôme, and Véronique Dansereau. "Linking scales in sea ice mechanics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2086 (February 13, 2017): 20150352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0352.

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Mechanics plays a key role in the evolution of the sea ice cover through its control on drift, on momentum and thermal energy exchanges between the polar oceans and the atmosphere along cracks and faults, and on ice thickness distribution through opening and ridging processes. At the local scale, a significant variability of the mechanical strength is associated with the microstructural heterogeneity of saline ice, however characterized by a small correlation length, below the ice thickness scale. Conversely, the sea ice mechanical fields (velocity, strain and stress) are characterized by long-ranged (more than 1000 km) and long-lasting (approx. few months) correlations. The associated space and time scaling laws are the signature of the brittle character of sea ice mechanics, with deformation resulting from a multi-scale accumulation of episodic fracturing and faulting events. To translate the short-range-correlated disorder on strength into long-range-correlated mechanical fields, several key ingredients are identified: long-ranged elastic interactions, slow driving conditions, a slow viscous-like relaxation of elastic stresses and a restoring/healing mechanism. These ingredients constrained the development of a new continuum mechanics modelling framework for the sea ice cover, called Maxwell–elasto-brittle. Idealized simulations without advection demonstrate that this rheological framework reproduces the main characteristics of sea ice mechanics, including anisotropy, spatial localization and intermittency, as well as the associated scaling laws. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Microdynamics of ice’.
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Ma¨a¨tta¨nen, Mauri. "Advance in Ice Mechanics in Finland." Applied Mechanics Reviews 40, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1200–1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3149551.

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In Finland, 110 years of winter navigation has been a natural initiator of ice mechanics research. It has brought with it sea ice monitoring and statistics, ice forecasting, the testing of mechanical properties, ship and icebreaker model testing and full-scale trials, ice resistant aids-to-navigation, and theoretical modelling and numerical simulations. Lately, a lot of ice mechanics research has been devoted to arctic offshore applications. A summary of the major developments is given in this paper.
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Jacobsen, Stefan, George W. Scherer, and Erland M. Schulson. "Concrete–ice abrasion mechanics." Cement and Concrete Research 73 (July 2015): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.01.001.

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Jordaan, Ian J. "Mechanics of ice–structure interaction." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 68, no. 17-18 (December 2001): 1923–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00032-7.

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Dempsey, John P. "Research trends in ice mechanics." International Journal of Solids and Structures 37, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(99)00084-0.

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Wong, T. T., N. R. Morgenstern, and D. C. Segoz. "Ice rubble attenuation of ice loads on arctic offshore structures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-104.

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A state of the art survey of ice rubble mechanics is first presented. This survey covers ice rubble morphology, laboratory testing of ice rubble, the study of the load transmission capability of existing rubble fields, and field measurements in ice rubble surrounding offshore structures. Then, the implementation of a new plasticity model for normally consolidated broken ice into an existing finite element stress analysis code is described. The resulting program is validated using triaxial test data. Using this model, a two-dimensional parametric study on ice force transmission through a grounded ice rubble field is performed. The study shows that, in addition to the mechanical properties of ice rubble, the island or berm geometry may significantly affect the ice load. Key words: constitutive model, finite element analysis, ice load, ice rubble, offshore structure, plasticity.
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Chung, Jin S. "Special Issue on Ice Mechanics: Introduction." Applied Mechanics Reviews 40, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3149549.

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Pralong, A., K. Hutter, and M. Funk. "Anisotropic damage mechanics for viscoelastic ice." Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 17, no. 5 (February 2006): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00161-005-0002-5.

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Beemer, Darryl L., Wei Wang, and Arun K. Kota. "Durable gels with ultra-low adhesion to ice." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 47 (2016): 18253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07262c.

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Liu, Xiaozhou, Ben Li, Yaodan Zhang, and Chen Zhang. "Comprehensive Fracture Model of Reservoir Ice Layers in the Northeastern Cold Region of China." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 7326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127326.

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Meteorological and hydrological changes have an important influence on the ice formation mechanism and the detailed structure of ice materials in cold reservoirs, and directly determine the mechanical properties of ice materials. Based on long-term meteorological and hydrological monitoring data, and detailed structural evolution analysis of ice materials, combined with fracture mechanics and energy methods, a comprehensive fracture model of ice materials in cold regions is established. At the same time, the fracture mechanics test results and simulation results of ice materials are compared, and the model is finally optimized accurately to provide theoretical support for the study of the mechanical mechanism of ice materials.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ice mechanics"

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Pegler, Samuel Santeri. "The fluid mechanics of ice-shelf buttressing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608122.

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Pervier, Marie-Laure. "Mechanics of ice detachment applied to turbomachinery." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11572.

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Flying in icing conditions is a real hazard for aircraft as they can undergo potential disastrous increase in drag, reduction in maximum lift which lead to an increase in fuel consumption. Additionally pitot tubes and other sensors can become blocked or their operation compromised. Ice shed from other parts of the aircraft can enter the engine and lead to blade damage. Whilst ice protection systems are comonly used on propellers, the potential benefit of applying them to a fan have not, as yet, been considered suffi cient to o set the cost and energy penalties of such system. As engines become larger, it is more diffi cult to contain ice and self-shedding becomes an increasing hazard for the nacelle and other parts downstream of the fan. The main objectives of the project were to determine the mechanical proper- ties of ice such as might form on an engine fan, in order to help Rolls-Royce in building a finite elements model able to simulate ice shedding from fan blades. Lots were written about ice however only little information about the mechanical properties of impact ice was available in the literature and the values which were, were generally not applicable in the case of aeroengine in icing conditions. According to the literature and from Rolls-Royce photos and films of ice shedding from fan blades, self-shedding mechanisms were ruled by adhesive shear strength and tensile strength. Therefore, the experimental part of the project consisted of measuring these two mechanical properties as well as the density, the sti ness and the grain size of ice grown on titanium substrate. Two test rigs were used to measure the mechanical properties: the \mode I" and the \shear" test rig. The mode I test rig was already available and was only modified in order to test more specimens during each run. This test al- lowed to measure the pressure needed to remove the ice from the substrate in a running icing tunnel. Using equations from the literature, fracture energy, fracture toughness and tensile strength were calculated. The influence of ambient total temperature, cloud liquid water content and tunnel wind speed were investigated. Tensile strength was found to be increasing as the total temperature is decreasing, decreasing as the LWC is increasing and going trough a maximum as the tunnel wind speed is increasing. Values obtained lied in the range from 0.6 to 1.5 J.m-2 (corresponding to between 2 and 10 MPa) which is, in general, higher than the ones reported by other authors. This difference can be explained by the fact that the mode I test was conducted in a running icing tunnel while the previous authors have conducted the mechanical test after the tunnel has been stopped. In parallel, finite element models have been developed and results similar to the experiments were obtained ...[cont.].
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Fried, Mason. "Grounding Zone Process| Ice Mechanics and Margin Lakes, Kamb Ice Stream and Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1542719.

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The lateral "corners" where Kamb and Whillans Ice Streams (KIS and WIS) discharge into the Ross Ice Shelf share common geometries and ice mechanical settings. At both corners of the now-stagnant KIS outlet, shear margins of apparently different ages confine regions with a relatively flat, smooth surface expression. These features are called the "Duckfoot" on the northern, right-lateral side and the "Goosefoot" on the other. It has been suggested, on evidence found in ice internal layers, that the flat ice terrains on KIS were afloat in the recent past, at a time when the ice stream grounding line was upstream of its present location. The overdeepening in the bed just upstream of the KIS grounding line supports this view of the past geometry.

The right-lateral margin at the outlet of the currently active WIS, the location of Subglacial Lake Englehardt (SLE), appears to have many similarities with the right lateral margin of KIS, though with a less developed looking inboard margin. This paper presents a mechanical analysis using surface and bed topography and velocity datasets comparing the Duckfoot flat ice terrain with the terrain around Subglacial Lake Englehardt. At both locations mechanical thinning along shear margins and lows in the bed topography redirects basal water routing towards the features. Here, I consider the history of these features and their role in ice stream variability by comparison of the relict and modern features and via numerical modeling of ice shelf grounding and ungrounding in response to variations in ice flow.

We propose two scenarios for the development of flat ice terrains/subglacial lakes at the outlets of ice streams. In the first, development of a lake in the hydraulic potential low along a shear margin forces a margin jump as shearing develops along the inboard shore of the margin lake. This thesis presents evidence for an inboard (relative to the main outboard shear margin) zone of shear along the inboard shoreline of SLE, suggesting that subglacial lakes along shear margins are capable of facilitating shear margin jumps. In the second, grounding line advance around a relative low in the bed, creating adjacent margins along the lakeshores, forms a remnant lake. Discerning which of these scenarios is appropriate at the KIS outlet has implications for understanding the history of the ice stream grounding line.

An ice flow model is used to place these local conditions in a regional context by studying the effect of internal perturbations, such as ice rise stagnation or inward margin jumps, on grounding line position. Bathymetry is important in determining ice stream flow in the ways that might not be otherwise realized in 1-D flow model studies. In the numerical modeling experiments, grounding line advance across the KIS outlet is mediated by the overdeepening in the bed and proceeds not in the direction of ice flow but transverse to flow. This finding adds complexity to both a flowline view of grounding line migration and the theory that grounding lines are unstable in the presence of inward sloping bed topography.

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Fried, Mason Joseph. "Grounding Zone Processes: Ice Mechanics and Margin Lakes, Kamb Ice Stream and Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1112.

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The lateral "corners" where Kamb and Whillans Ice Streams (KIS and WIS) discharge into the Ross Ice Shelf share common geometries and ice mechanical settings. At both corners of the now-stagnant KIS outlet, shear margins of apparently different ages confine regions with a relatively flat, smooth surface expression. These features are called the "Duckfoot" on the northern, right-lateral side and the "Goosefoot" on the other. It has been suggested, on evidence found in ice internal layers, that the flat ice terrains on KIS were afloat in the recent past, at a time when the ice stream grounding line was upstream of its present location. The overdeepening in the bed just upstream of the KIS grounding line supports this view of the past geometry. The right-lateral margin at the outlet of the currently active WIS, the location of Subglacial Lake Englehardt (SLE), appears to have many similarities with the right lateral margin of KIS, though with a less developed looking inboard margin. This paper presents a mechanical analysis using surface and bed topography and velocity datasets comparing the Duckfoot flat ice terrain with the terrain around Subglacial Lake Englehardt. At both locations mechanical thinning along shear margins and lows in the bed topography redirects basal water routing towards the features. Here, I consider the history of these features and their role in ice stream variability by comparison of the relict and modern features and via numerical modeling of ice shelf grounding and ungrounding in response to variations in ice flow. We propose two scenarios for the development of flat ice terrains/subglacial lakes at the outlets of ice streams. In the first, development of a lake in the hydraulic potential low along a shear margin forces a margin jump as shearing develops along the inboard shore of the margin lake. This thesis presents evidence for an inboard (relative to the main outboard shear margin) zone of shear along the inboard shoreline of SLE, suggesting that subglacial lakes along shear margins are capable of facilitating shear margin jumps. In the second, grounding line advance around a relative low in the bed, creating adjacent margins along the lakeshores, forms a remnant lake. Discerning which of these scenarios is appropriate at the KIS outlet has implications for understanding the history of the ice stream grounding line. An ice flow model is used to place these local conditions in a regional context by studying the effect of internal perturbations, such as ice rise stagnation or inward margin jumps, on grounding line position. Bathymetry is important in determining ice stream flow in the ways that might not be otherwise realized in 1-D flow model studies. In the numerical modeling experiments, grounding line advance across the KIS outlet is mediated by the overdeepening in the bed and proceeds not in the direction of ice flow but transverse to flow. This finding adds complexity to both a flowline view of grounding line migration and the theory that grounding lines are unstable in the presence of inward sloping bed topography.
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McDaniel, Shannon M. "New techniques for the investigation of deformation mechanisms in flow of fine-grained ice Ih /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6747.

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Le, Ngoc Chau. "Force and centre of pressure measurements during ice hockey skating with a regular and a modfied ice hockey skate." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117022.

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Force and centre of pressure (COP) were measured during a forward skating task on ice using a standard hockey skate and a modified skate with an altered tendon guard and eyelet configuration which allows for increased dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The objective of this study was to determine if those skate design changes would result in biomechanical changes in the skaters during forward skating. Both left and right skates were instrumented with a calibrated strain gauge force transducer system to measure forces and with an insole system used to measure the COP during the forward skating task. The modified skate showed a reduction of 14.5-24.3 mm in total anterior-posterior COP excursion (p < .05). This suggests that the modified skate changes the biomechanics of the skaters. However, a full body kinematic study might be needed in order to study the exact biomechanical changes.
La force et le centre de poussée (CDP) ont été mesurés pendant le patinage sur glace en ligne droite en utilisant des patins de hockey standards et des patins de hockey modifiés avec un protecteur du tendon d'Achille plus flexible et une configuration différente des oeillets pour lacets permettant une plus grande dorsiflexion et flexion plantaire de la cheville. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer si ces changements de construction de patins ont une influence sur le mouvement biomécanique des patineurs pendant le patinage sur glace en ligne droite. Les patins gauches et droites ont été instrumentés avec un système d'estimation de la force calibré et avec un système de capteurs de pression en dessous de la semelle pour mesurer le CDP. L'utilisation du patin modifié s'est manifestée par une réduction de 14.5 à 24.3 mm du déplacement total du CDP dans la direction antéro-postérieure (p < .05). Celà suggère que l'utilisation du patin modifié a un effet sur la biomécanique des patineurs. Cependant, une étude cinématique du corps au complet serait peut-être nécéssaire afin d'étudier les changements biomécaniques exacts.
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Stehn, Lars. "Tensile fracture of ice : test methods and fracture mechanics analysis." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18394.

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This thesis is concerned with several aspects of fracture of both brackish (low salinity) sea ice and freshwater ice. The tests and analyses are confined to tensile, or in fracture mechanics language, Mode I, fracture. A large part of this thesis is dedicated to demonstrate that Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) can be applicable on ice by laboratory and in-situ tests of defined specimens. All interpretations are made using the dicipline of LEFM.First, the development of a field test equipment called FIFT ( a Field Instrument for Fracture toughness Tests on ice) is described. The FIFT is used in both field and laboratory fracture toughness tests on brackish sea ice from the Gulf of Bothnia to describe porosity effects on the apparent fracture toughness, KQ, and estimate crack velocities. An appropriate speciment size, in terms of notch sensitivity, is then provided valid for grain sizes ranging from 1.6 to nearly 100 mm.An augmented use of the FIFT is then described where fracture toughness tests are performed on S1 type freshwater ice to investigate if similarities exist in the local KI fields for three different fracture geometries. The results indicate that, under comparable conditions, KQ is similar for all of the geometries. However, the type of specimen, has a marked influence on the character of the fracture surface.Then, the influence of structural anisotropy on the fracture toughness of S1 ice is investigated by fabricating and testing three different fracture geometries from a single ice core. This approach is suitable for both field and, as in this work, laboratory studies. There is a wide scatter in the KQ values. Possible explanations to the results are discussed in terms of the microstructural influences and specimen size effects.Finally, crack growth resistance measurements on large grained S1 ice is conducted. A new fracture geometry is used which is found to be extremely favorable of promoting stable, stick-slip, crack growth over a large portion of the uncracked ligament. Now a complete characterization of the fracture resistance curve is therefore possible, A negative fracture resistance KR-curve is evaluated for the S1 ice at -16°C.
Godkänd; 1993; 20070426 (ysko)
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Tulaczyk, Slawek M. Kamb Barclay. "Basal mechanics and geologic record of ice streaming, West Antarctica /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1999. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03092004-155058.

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Millgate, Thomas. "Ice-ocean interactions in north west Greenland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f5c18faa-c027-4cbb-aa00-4849a323a9a1.

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Ice shelves play an important role in the mass balance of an ice sheet, by providing a link between the ocean and ice. Melting at the base of an ice shelf can play a vital role in its mass balance and stability. Topographic channel features have been found on the base of ice shelves, and have been found to alter melting, however the mechanism behind this alteration is unknown. Petermann Glacier is a major outlet glacier in North West Greenland, draining approximately 6% of Greenland Ice Sheet. It terminates in a long, thin ice shelf, constrained within a high-walled fjord. The ice shelf has pronounced longitudinal channel features on its base, which limited observations suggest direct ocean currents in a mixed layer of ocean and melt waters, focusing melt in these regions. Petermann Glacier underwent two large calving events in 2010 and 2012, and the impact of these events, or possible further calving events, on basal melting is unknown. Using the MITgcm to model the ocean cavity beneath an idealised ice shelf, this thesis discusses the impact of basal channels on interactions at the ice base and circulation within the cavity. This is supplemented with a modelling investigation into the interactions beneath Petermann Glacier, and the impact of recent calving events. The inclusion of channels was found to have a stabilising effect on the ice shelf by decreasing the mean basal melt rate, caused by the refocusing, and decrease in intensity of, the meltwater layer flow beneath the ice shelf. This stabilisation and resulting 'survivor bias' explains why channels are commonly found on the base of warm water ice shelves. The model of Petermann Glacier found similar melt patterns to observational studies, however with a lesser magnitude. The calving events of 2010 and 2012 removed areas of ice shelf with low melt rates, resulting in little impact on the overall volume of ice removed through ocean melting, though further calving would vastly reduce the volume of ice melted. One consequence of calving is the increase in melting-induced undercutting at the ice front, leading to the potential for enhanced secondary calving.
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Williams, Timothy D. C., and n/a. "Reflections on ice : scattering of flexural gravity waves by irregularities in Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets." University of Otago. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060907.120444.

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This thesis studies the scattering properties of different types of imperfections in large Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. Such irregularities include cracks, pressure ridges and both open and refrozen leads. The scattering by a transition region between sea ice and a very thick ice shelf, for example as is found in the Ross Sea in Antarctica, is also treated. Methods of solution are based on applications of Green�s theorem to the appropriate situation, which leads to either a single integral equation or a pair of coupled integral equations to be solved at the boundary between the ice and the sea water. Those equations over a finite interval are solved using numerical quadrature, while those over semi-infinite ranges are solved using the Wiener-Hopf method. Results calculated using different techniques are able to be checked against each other, giving us great confidence in their accuracy. In particular, the scattering by three ice sheets of different thicknesses is confirmed analytically by mode-matching coupled with the residue calculus technique. The scattering by the single irregularities is investigated partly for its own sake, and partly with the aim of using it to treat the scattering when large numbers of features are included in a single ice sheet. The principal objective of doing this is to observe the change in the general amounts of reflection and transmission as the background ice thickness is changed. There is enough variation in our results for us to conclude that there is definite potential for using the change in an incident wave spectrum after passing through a given ice field to estimate the background ice thickness.
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Books on the topic "Ice mechanics"

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Tellefsen, Olaf. The ice age mechanics. 2nd ed. Newark, Calif: O. Tellefsen, 1992.

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Kovacs, Austin. Sea ice. Hanover, N.H: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1996.

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Kovacs, Austin. Sea ice. [Hanover, N.H.]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1996.

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P, Dempsey J., American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Applied Mechanics Division., and Joint Mechanics Meeting of ASME, ASCE, SES (1st : 1993 : Charlottesville, Va.), eds. Ice mechanics, 1993: Presented at the 1st Joint Mechanics Meeting of ASME, ASCE, SES, MEET'N '93, Charlottesville, Virginia, June 6-9, 1993. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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P, Dempsey J., Rajapakse Y, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Applied Mechanics Division., and Joint ASME Applied Mechanics and Materials Summer Meeting (1995 : Los Angeles, Calif.), eds. Ice mechanics, 1995: Presented at the 1995 Joint ASME Applied Mechanics and Materials Summer Meeting, Los Angeles, California, June 28-30, 1995. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995.

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International, Symposium on Ice (10th 1990 Espoo Finland). IAHR, the 10th International Symposium on Ice, Aug. 20-23, 1990, Espoo, Finland. Espoo, Finland: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, 1990.

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Santaoja, Kari. Mathematical modelling of deformation mechanisms in ice. Espoo, Finland: Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus, 1990.

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Dempsey, J. P., and H. H. Shen, eds. IUTAM Symposium on Scaling Laws in Ice Mechanics and Ice Dynamics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9735-7.

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Gooch, Gordon E. Effects of ice boom geometry on ice capture efficiency. Hanover, N.H: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1996.

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D, Ashton George, ed. River and lake ice engineering. Littleton, Colo., U.S.A: Water Resources Publications, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ice mechanics"

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Squire, Vernon A., Roger J. Hosking, Arnold D. Kerr, and Patricia J. Langhorne. "Continuum Mechanics." In Moving Loads on Ice Plates, 47–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1649-4_3.

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Leppäranta, Matti. "Mechanics of Lake Ice." In Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover, 137–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29081-7_5.

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Leppäranta, Matti. "Mechanics of Lake Ice." In Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of Their Ice Cover, 159–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25605-9_5.

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Palmer, Andrew C. "Fracture Mechanics Models of Ice-Structure Interaction." In Ice-Structure Interaction, 93–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84100-2_7.

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Lu, Wenjun. "Ice Fracture." In IUTAM Symposium on Physics and Mechanics of Sea Ice, 75–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_5.

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Morland, L. W. "The Flow of Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves." In Continuum Mechanics in Environmental Sciences and Geophysics, 403–66. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2600-4_5.

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Greve, Ralf, and Heinz Blatter. "Elements of Continuum Mechanics." In Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers, 17–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03415-2_3.

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Mills, M. R., and S. D. Hallam. "Ice Loading on Offshore Structures: The Influence of Ice Strength." In Mechanics of Creep Brittle Materials 1, 152–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1117-8_12.

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Palmer, Andrew, and Innes Johnston. "Ice Velocity Effects and Ice Force Scaling." In IUTAM Symposium on Scaling Laws in Ice Mechanics and Ice Dynamics, 115–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9735-7_10.

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Shen, Hung Tao, Lianwu Liu, and Yi-Chin Chen. "River Ice Dynamics and Ice Jam Modeling." In IUTAM Symposium on Scaling Laws in Ice Mechanics and Ice Dynamics, 349–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9735-7_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ice mechanics"

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Jordaan, Ian. "Some Issues in Ice Mechanics." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42042.

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Ice mechanical behavior is time-dependent, as has been known for many decades. But in many references, the attempt is made to use time-independent plasticity theory. The relevant analytical approach that accounts for time is viscoelastic theory. The need for this approach is made quite essential by study of microstructural changes that occur in ice under high stresses. In no case does there appear to be a clear yield condition, with flow occurring after a certain threshold value. Furthermore, the microstructural changes occurring under stress result in a highly significant enhancement of the creep rates. This results in a spatially varying viscoelastic response that is a function of prior stress history. The ice response is then a function of position resulting in a microstucturally modified layer in the region where compressive stress is applied. This can be deep or highly localized, depending on the loading rate. The most promising approach is that based on damage mechanics combined with viscoelasticity, using the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Ice is also prone to fracture, especially at high loading rates and under high stresses. This is basic to the notion of scale effect. Fracture processes are also time-dependent in viscoelastic materials, a phenomenon that needs to be explored further. Furthermore, failure often will take place in a random fashion, depending on the distribution of flaws in ice. This indicates strongly that a theory based on “weakest-link” hypotheses and probability theory is appropriate. Finally, some aspects relevant to practical data analysis are discussed. These include measurement uncertainties of Molikpaq data, and geometric approximations of ice features, e.g. ridges as uniform beams.
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Abid, R. M., S. H. Mousavizadegan, and M. Rahman. "Analytical investigation of ice floe drift in the marginal ice zone." In ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm080311.

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Sang, Nguyen Ngoc. "Numerical simulation of ice accretion on ice detector." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF CONTINUUM MECHANICS: EXPERIMENT, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132636.

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Coon, M. D., G. S. Knoke, and D. C. Echert. "The Sea Ice Mechanics Initiative (SIMI)." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7612-ms.

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Deiler, Christoph, and Nicolas Fezans. "Performance-Based Ice Detection Methodology." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3394.

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Jordaan, Ian, Brian O’Rourke, Joshua Turner, Perry Moore, and Freeman Ralph. "Estimation of Ice Loads Using Mechanics of Ice Failure in Compression." In Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/27387-ms.

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Bailey, E., R. Taylor, and K. R. Croasdale. "Mechanics of Ice Rubble Over Multiple Scales." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42004.

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The mechanics of ice rubble plays an important role in many different engineering applications, including ice-structure interactions with oil and gas infrastructure, river and lake engineering, and ship-ice interactions in northern shipping lanes. Of particular interest are the massive accumulations of rubble formed by shear or compression in the ice cover, which consolidate to form sea ice ridges that can be hazards to such structures. These are common ice features in Arctic and sub-Arctic environments and as a result often govern the design loads for ships, coastal and offshore structures operating in these environments. In addition, ridge keels can scour the seafloor in relatively shallow waters posing a threat to pipelines and other subsea facilities. It is not clear what load an ice rubble feature can exert on a given structure and how it will deform. It will depend on a number of parameters including the age of the feature, its composition and structure, and its strength and failure behaviour. This paper will examine the mechanical properties of ice rubble over multiple scales. The paper will begin at the one block level, describing how ice block properties vary over time, before advancing to look at the bonding/sintering processes that occur between two ice blocks and eventually the processes that take place between multiple ice blocks (i.e., ice rubble) and large scale sea ice ridges. Particular attention will be paid to the effects temperature and pressure have on ice rubble, as these parameters are believed to be important to our understanding of its behavior.
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Nikolov, Svetoslav, Kara Peterson, Dan Bolintineanu, and Joel Clemmer. "Probing Sea Ice Mechanics with a Lagrangian Discrete Element Model for Sea Ice ." In Proposed for presentation at the USNCCM16 conference held July 25-29, 2021 in virtual, . US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1889078.

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Bishoy, Dawood t., Christopher Giuffre, and Ashraf Bastawros. "Fracture Mechanics Based Approach for Ice Adhesion Characterization." In 2018 Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3343.

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Jordaan, Ian, and Paul Barrette. "Mechanics of Dynamic Ice Failure Against Vertical Structures." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24406.

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Ice interaction with vertical faces of structures can result in regular vibrations given certain conditions such as temperature and speed of interaction. The mechanism that can provide this regular behaviour is studied. Fracture in general does not offer a solution in compressive failure. An approach based on viscoelastic theory, with softening resulting from microstructural change, is given. The pivotal observation was a layer of microstructurally modified ice adjacent to the structure or indentor, together with high local pressures transmitted into the layer. The microstructural changes include microfracturing and recrystallization. A series of triaxial tests was performed to determine the inputs into the viscoelastic theory. The theory recognizes changes in the microstructure of the ice by means of a state variable, which is a function of prior stress history, and therefore of location within the ice mass. The theory and the calibration thereof are reviewed, and the results of triaxial tests examined. One feature of these tests is the occurrence of “runaway” strains and associated localization of damage. This appears to be sensitive to confining pressure, and is considered to be a key factor in the rapid load drops observed in ice-structure interaction. Temperature effects are also studied. Directions for future research are identified.
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Reports on the topic "Ice mechanics"

1

Coon, Max D. Sea Ice Mechanics Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327642.

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Coon, Max D. Sea Ice Mechanics Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629333.

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Coon, Max D. Sea Ice Mechanics Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630443.

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Coon, Max D. Sea Ice Mechanics Research Progress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327636.

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Fried, Mason. Grounding Zone Processes: Ice Mechanics and Margin Lakes, Kamb Ice Stream and Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1112.

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Lever, James, Emily Asenath-Smith, Susan Taylor, and Austin Lines. Assessing the mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction and their interplay with substrate brittle behavior. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142742.

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Sliding friction on ice and snow is characteristically low at temperatures common on Earth’s surface. This slipperiness underlies efficient sleds, winter sports, and the need for specialized tires. Friction can also play micro-mechanical role affecting ice compressive and crushing strengths. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction, but directly validating the underlying mechanics has been difficult. This may be changing, as instruments capable of micro-scale measurements and imaging are now being brought to bear on friction studies. Nevertheless, given the broad regimes of practical interest (interaction length, temperature, speed, pressure, slider properties, etc.), it may be unrealistic to expect that a single mechanism accounts for why ice and snow are slippery. Because bulk ice, and the ice grains that constitute snow, are solids near their melting point at terrestrial temperatures, most research has focused on whether a lubricating water film forms at the interface with a slider. However, ice is extremely brittle, and dry-contact abrasion and wear at the front of sliders could prevent or delay a transition to lubricated contact. Also, water is a poor lubricant, and lubricating films thick enough to separate surface asperities may not form for many systems of interest. This article aims to assess our knowledge of the mechanics underlying ice and snow friction.
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Lever, James, Austin Lines, Susan Taylor, Garrett Hoch, Emily Asenath-Smith, and Devinder Sodhi. Revisiting mechanics of ice–skate friction : from experiments at a skating rink to a unified hypothesis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42642.

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The mechanics underlying ice–skate friction remain uncertain despite over a century of study. In the 1930s, the theory of self-lubrication from frictional heat supplanted an earlier hypothesis that pressure melting governed skate friction. More recently, researchers have suggested that a layer of abraded wear particles or the presence of quasi-liquid molecular layers on the surface of ice could account for its slipperiness. Here, we assess the dominant hypotheses proposed to govern ice– skate friction and describe experiments conducted in an indoor skating rink aimed to provide observations to test these hypotheses. Our results indicate that the brittle failure of ice under rapid compression plays a strong role. Our observations did not confirm the presence of full contact water films and are more consistent with the presence of lubricating ice-rich slurries at discontinuous high-pressure zones (HPZs). The presence of ice-rich slurries supporting skates through HPZs merges pressure-melting, abrasion and lubricating films as a unified hypothesis for why skates are so slippery across broad ranges of speeds, temperatures and normal loads. We suggest tribometer experiments to overcome the difficulties of investigating these processes during actual skating trials.
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Weeks, Wilford F. National Academy of Sciences-Academy of Sciences of the USSR Workshop on the Mechanics of Ice and Its Applications Held in Moscow and Leningrad on June 16-26, 1991. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273338.

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Stewart, Jr., W. Development of ice self-release mechanisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5792712.

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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Ross Lieblappen, Susan Taylor, Reed Winter, Terry Melendy, Robert Moser, and Robert Haehnel. Observation of crack arrest in ice by high aspect ratio particles during uniaxial compression. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43145.

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In nature, ice frequently contains dissolved solutes or entrapped particles, which modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of ice. Seeking to understand the effect of particle shape and geometry on the mechanical properties of ice, we performed experiments on ice containing 15 wt% silica spheres or rods. Unique to this work was the use of 3-D microstructural imaging in a -10ºC cold room during compressive loading of the sample. The silica particles were present in the ice microstructure as randomly dispersed aggregates within grains and at grain boundaries. While cracks originated in particle-free regions in both sphere- and rod-containing samples, the propagation of cracks was quite different in each type of sample. Cracks propagated uninhibited through aggregates of spherical particles but were observed to arrest at and propagate around aggregates of rods. These results imply that spherical particles do not inhibit grain boundary sliding or increase viscous drag. On the other hand, silica rods were found to span grains, thereby pinning together the microstructure of ice during loading. These results provide insights into mechanisms that can be leveraged to strengthen ice.
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