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Journal articles on the topic 'Ice jet'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Jerman, Marko, Andrej Lebar, Izidor Sabotin, Pavel Dresar, and Josko Valentincic. "ICE JET TECHNOLOGY." MM Science Journal 2018, no. 02 (June 6, 2018): 2379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2018_06_201772.

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2

Liu, Li Hong, and Ben Li Liu. "Research of Ice Jet Cleaning Surface." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.777.

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A plan of preparing ice particles continuously has been put forward, and the analyses and calculations are done in terms of theory. An injection ice jet system has been established. Through ice jet removing paint experiments by the use of the ice jet system established, the examination of the ice parameters which influence the surface cleaning performances such as ice diameter , ice temperature and ice flow rate is conducted. When the pressure, standoff and traverse speed are fixed, orthogonal cleaning paint experiment is conducted and three parameters of ice particles are investigated. The results of variance analysis and direct analysis of experimental data show that flow and temperature are more important factors affecting the surface cleaning performance of ice jet and the effect of diameter is rather little.

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3

KURIYAGAWA, Tsunemoto, Kazuhiro KAWASE, and Katsuo SYOJI. "Studies of Micro Ice Jet Machining." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2000.2 (2000): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2000.2.99.

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4

KURIYAGAWA, Tsunemoto, Takeshi NISHIMURA, and Katsuo SYOJI. "Studies of Slurry-Ice Jet Polishing." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2002.4 (2002): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2002.4.85.

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5

Lam, Joseph K. W., Janice I. Hetherington, and Mark D. Carpenter. "Ice growth in aviation jet fuel." Fuel 113 (November 2013): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.048.

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6

Valentinčič, J., A. Lebar, I. Sabotin, P. Drešar, and M. Jerman. "Development of ice abrasive waterjet cutting technology." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 81 (April 1, 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2041.

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Purpose: Abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting uses mineral abrasive to cut practically all materials. In ice abrasive water jet (IAWJ) cutting, the ice particles are used as abrasive. IAWJ is under development with the aim to bridge the gap in productivity between the abrasive water jet (AWJ) and water jet (WJ) cutting. It is clean and environmentally friendlier in comparison with AWJ, while its cutting efficiency could be better than WJ. Design/methodology/approach: The main challenge is to provide very cold and thus hard ice particles in the cutting zone, thus cooling the water under high pressure is utilized. Further on, two approaches to obtain ice particles in the water are studied, namely generation of ice particles in the cutting head and generation of ice particles outside of the cutting head and adding them to the jet similar as in AWJ technology. In this process it is essential to monitor and control the temperature occurring in the system. Findings: To have ice particles with suitable mechanical properties in the cutting process, the water have to be precooled, ice particles generated outside the cutting head and later added to the jet. The results show that, contrary to the common believe, the water temperature is not significantly changed when passing through the water nozzle. Research limitations/implications: The presence of ice particles was only indirectly identified. In the future, a special high speed camera will be used to study the influence of process parameters on ice particle distribution. Practical implications: IAWJ technology produces much less sludge (waste abrasive and removed workpiece material mixed with water) than AWJ technology which is beneficial in e.g. disintegration of nuclear power plants. IAWJ technology has also great potential in the food and medical industries for applications, where bacteria growth is not desired. Originality/value: The paper presents the latest achievements of IAWJ technology.

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7

Sung, Un Cheol, Cheol Nam Yoon, and Sun-Geon Kim. "Surface cleaning by ice-particle jet(II)." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 14, no. 1 (January 1997): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706036.

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8

Claro, Tânia, Orla J. Cahill, Niall O’Connor, Stephen Daniels, and Hilary Humphreys. "Cold-Air Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Against Clostridium difficile Spores: A Potential Alternative for the Decontamination of Hospital Inanimate Surfaces." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36, no. 6 (March 17, 2015): 742–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.39.

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AbstractClostridium difficile spores survive for months on environmental surfaces and are highly resistant to decontamination. We evaluated the effect of cold-air plasma against C. difficile spores. The single-jet had no effect while the multi-jet achieved 2–3 log10 reductions in spore counts and may augment traditional decontamination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0):1–3

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9

Heorton, Harold D. B. S., Daniel L. Feltham, and Julian C. R. Hunt. "The Response of the Sea Ice Edge to Atmospheric and Oceanic Jet Formation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 2292–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0184.1.

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Abstract The sea ice edge presents a region of many feedback processes between the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice (Maslowski et al.). Here the authors focus on the impact of on-ice atmospheric and oceanic flows at the sea ice edge. Mesoscale jet formation due to the Coriolis effect is well understood over sharp changes in surface roughness such as coastlines (Hunt et al.). This sharp change in surface roughness is experienced by the atmosphere and ocean encountering a compacted sea ice edge. This paper presents a study of a dynamic sea ice edge responding to prescribed atmospheric and oceanic jet formation. An idealized analytical model of sea ice drift is developed and compared to a sea ice climate model [the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE)] run on an idealized domain. The response of the CICE model to jet formation is tested at various resolutions. It is found that the formation of atmospheric jets at the sea ice edge increases the wind speed parallel to the sea ice edge and results in the formation of a sea ice drift jet in agreement with an observed sea ice drift jet (Johannessen et al.). The increase in ice drift speed is dependent upon the angle between the ice edge and wind and results in up to a 40% increase in ice transport along the sea ice edge. The possibility of oceanic jet formation and the resultant effect upon the sea ice edge is less conclusive. Observations and climate model data of the polar oceans have been analyzed to show areas of likely atmospheric jet formation, with the Fram Strait being of particular interest.

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10

Sime, Louise C., Dominic Hodgson, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Claire Allen, Bianca Perren, Stephen Roberts, and Agatha M. de Boer. "Sea ice led to poleward-shifted winds at the Last Glacial Maximum: the influence of state dependency on CMIP5 and PMIP3 models." Climate of the Past 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2016): 2241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2241-2016.

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Abstract. Latitudinal shifts in the Southern Ocean westerly wind jet could drive changes in the glacial to interglacial ocean CO2 inventory. However, whilst CMIP5 model results feature consistent future-warming jet shifts, there is considerable disagreement in deglacial-warming jet shifts. We find here that the dependence of pre-industrial (PI) to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) jet shifts on PI jet position, or state dependency, explains less of the shifts in jet simulated by the models for the LGM compared with future-warming scenarios. State dependence is also weaker for intensity changes, compared to latitudinal shifts in the jet. Winter sea ice was considerably more extensive during the LGM. Changes in surface heat fluxes, due to this sea ice change, probably had a large impact on the jet. Models that both simulate realistically large expansions in sea ice and feature PI jets which are south of 50° S show an increase in wind speed around 55° S and can show a poleward shift in the jet between the PI and the LGM. However, models with the PI jet positioned equatorwards of around 47° S do not show this response: the sea ice edge is too far from the jet for it to respond. In models with accurately positioned PI jets, a +1° difference in the latitude of the sea ice edge tends to be associated with a −0.85° shift in the 850 hPa jet. However, it seems that around 5° of expansion of LGM sea ice is necessary to hold the jet in its PI position. Since the Gersonde et al. (2005) data support an expansion of more than 5°, this result suggests that a slight poleward shift and intensification was the most likely jet change between the PI and the LGM. Without the effect of sea ice, models simulate poleward-shifted westerlies in warming climates and equatorward-shifted westerlies in colder climates. However, the feedback of sea ice counters and reverses the equatorward trend in cooler climates so that the LGM winds were more likely to have also been shifted slightly poleward.

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11

Feltham, Daniel L. "Granular flow in the marginal ice zone." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1832 (July 2005): 1677–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1601.

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The region of sea ice near the edge of the sea ice pack is known as the marginal ice zone (MIZ), and its dynamics are complicated by ocean wave interaction with the ice cover, strong gradients in the atmosphere and ocean and variations in sea ice rheology. This paper focuses on the role of sea ice rheology in determining the dynamics of the MIZ. Here, sea ice is treated as a granular material with a composite rheology describing collisional ice floe interaction and plastic interaction. The collisional component of sea ice rheology depends upon the granular temperature, a measure of the kinetic energy of flow fluctuations. A simplified model of the MIZ is introduced consisting of the along and across momentum balance of the sea ice and the balance equation of fluctuation kinetic energy. The steady solution of these equations is found to leading order using elementary methods. This reveals a concentrated region of rapid ice flow parallel to the ice edge, which is in accordance with field observations, and previously called the ice jet . Previous explanations of the ice jet relied upon the existence of ocean currents beneath the ice cover. We show that an ice jet results as a natural consequence of the granular nature of sea ice.

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12

Kiatsiriroat, T., K. Na Thalang, and S. Dabbhasuta. "Ice formation around a jet stream of refrigerant." Energy Conversion and Management 41, no. 3 (February 2000): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(99)00112-0.

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13

Jerman, Marko, Henri Orbanić, Mihael Junkar, and Andrej Lebar. "Thermal aspects of ice abrasive water jet technology." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 8 (August 13, 2015): 168781401559761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814015597619.

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14

Marchenko, A. V., E. G. Morozov, A. V. Ivanov, T. G. Elizarova, and D. I. Frey. "Ice thickening caused by freezing of tidal jet." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 21, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2021es000761.

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15

Gao, Yu, Zhengyu Liu, and Zhengyao Lu. "Dynamic Effect of Last Glacial Maximum Ice Sheet Topography on the East Asian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Climate 33, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 6929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0562.1.

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AbstractThe effect of ice sheet topography on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during the Last Glacial Maximum is studied using CCSM3 in a hierarchy of model configurations. It is found that receding ice sheets result in a weakened EASM, with the reduced ice sheet thickness playing a major role. The lower ice sheet topography weakens the EASM through shifting the position of the midlatitude jet, and through altering Northern Hemisphere stationary waves. In the jet shifting mechanism, the lowering of ice sheets shifts the westerly jet northward and decreases the westerly jet over the subtropics in summer, which reduces the advection of dry enthalpy and in turn precipitation over the EASM region. In the stationary wave mechanism, the lowering of ice sheets induces an anomalous stationary wave train along the westerly waveguide that propagates into the EASM region, generating an equivalent-barotropic low response; this leads to reduced lower-tropospheric southerlies, which in turn reduces the dry enthalpy advection into East Asia, and hence the EASM precipitation.

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16

Liang, Kun Feng, Chun Yan Gao, Chun Lei Ruan, and Lin Wang. "Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Jet and Drop Formation Related to a Fluidization Method for Ice Slurry Production." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1645.

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The new fluidization method of liquid-liquid circulating fluidized bed proposed for ice slurry production was investigated experimentally. Multiple small water-drops were formed in another immiscible liquid coolant by a single-nozzle atomizer and frozen in the fluidized bed by direct contact heat transfer. Experiments were conducted to research the dynamic behaviors of jet and drops formation in the ice making system by the high resolution digital camera and image processing. The photos of jet development, breakup and drop formation were obtained. The affects of the shape of jet breakup, jet length and its surface fluctuation on drops size were revealed. The range of drop sizes and the sloping extent have always increased with the jet rate increasing. And varying jet shape directly results in the jet breakup into droplets under different time and test conditions, so the variation laws of the jet shape contribute most to the quality of the liquid drop, such as drop size distribution.

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17

Ronalds, Bryn, Elizabeth Barnes, and Pedram Hassanzadeh. "A Barotropic Mechanism for the Response of Jet Stream Variability to Arctic Amplification and Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 31, no. 17 (September 2018): 7069–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0778.1.

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Previous studies have found that the most consistent response of the eddy-driven jet to sea ice loss and Arctic amplification in fully coupled general circulation models (GCMs) is a broad region of anomalous easterlies on the poleward flank. In this study, a similar response is noted in a dry dynamical core GCM with imposed surface heating at the pole, and it is shown that in both a fully coupled GCM’s North Atlantic basin and the dry dynamical core, the anomalous easterlies cause an asymmetrical narrowing of the jet on the poleward flank of the climatological jet. A suite of barotropic model simulations run with polar forcing shows decreased jet positional variability consistent with a narrowing of the jet profile, and it is proposed that this narrowing decreases the distance Rossby waves can propagate away from the jet core, which drives changes in jet variability. Since Rossby wave propagation and dissipation is intrinsic to the development and maintenance of the eddy-driven jet, and is tightly coupled to a jet’s variability, this acts as a meridional constraint on waves’ ability to propagate outside of the jet core, leading to the decreased variability in zonal-mean jet position. The results from all three models demonstrates that this relationship is present across a model hierarchy.

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18

Haggerty, Julie, Eric Defer, Adrianus De Laat, Kristopher Bedka, Jean-Marc Moisselin, Rodney Potts, Julien Delanoë, Frédéric Parol, Alice Grandin, and Stephanie Divito. "Detecting Clouds Associated with Jet Engine Ice Crystal Icing." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 1 (January 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0252.1.

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AbstractIn the past two decades, more than 150 jet engine power-loss and damage events have been attributed to a phenomenon known as ice crystal icing (ICI). Ingestion of large numbers of ice particles into the engine core are thought to be responsible for these events, which typically occur at high altitudes near large convective systems in tropical air masses. In recent years, scientists, engineers, aviation regulators, and airlines from around the world have collaborated to better understand the relevant meteorological processes associated with ICI events, solve critical engineering problems, develop new certification standards, and devise mitigation strategies for the aviation industry. One area of research is the development of nowcasting techniques based on available remote sensing technology and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to identify areas of high ice water content (IWC) and enable the provision of alerts to the aviation industry. Multiple techniques have been developed using geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite products, NWP model fields, and ground-based radar data as the basis for high-IWC products. Targeted field experiments in tropical regions with high incidence of ICI events have provided data for product validation and refinement of these methods. Beginning in 2015, research teams have assembled at a series of annual workshops to exchange ideas and standardize methods for evaluating performance of high-IWC detection products. This paper provides an overview of the approaches used and the current skill for identifying high-IWC conditions. Recommendations for future work in this area are also presented.

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19

Feng, Xu, Weihao Pan, Yuhui Wang, Peng Fang, Yingjie Xing, Yang Chen, and Jinlong Song. "Study on Dry-ice Particle Jet Assisted Decontamination Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1948, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1948/1/012123.

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20

Andres, Heather J., and Lev Tarasov. "Towards understanding potential atmospheric contributions to abrupt climate changes: characterizing changes to the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet over the last deglaciation." Climate of the Past 15, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 1621–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1621-2019.

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Abstract. Abrupt climate shifts of large amplitudes were common features of the Earth's climate as it transitioned into and out of the last full glacial state approximately 20 000 years ago, but their causes are not yet established. Midlatitude atmospheric dynamics may have played an important role in these climate variations through their effects on heat and precipitation distributions, sea ice extent, and wind-driven ocean circulation patterns. This study characterizes deglacial winter wind changes over the North Atlantic (NAtl) in a suite of transient deglacial simulations using the PlaSim Earth system model (run at T42 resolution) and the TraCE-21ka (T31) simulation. Though driven with yearly updates in surface elevation, we detect multiple instances of NAtl jet transitions in the PlaSim simulations that occur within 10 simulation years and a sensitivity of the jet to background climate conditions. Thus, we suggest that changes to the NAtl jet may play an important role in abrupt glacial climate changes. We identify two types of simulated wind changes over the last deglaciation. Firstly, the latitude of the NAtl eddy-driven jet shifts northward over the deglaciation in a sequence of distinct steps. Secondly, the variability in the NAtl jet gradually shifts from a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) state with a strongly preferred jet latitude and a restricted latitudinal range to one with no single preferred latitude and a range that is at least 11∘ broader. These changes can significantly affect ocean circulation. Changes to the position of the NAtl jet alter the location of the wind forcing driving oceanic surface gyres and the limits of sea ice extent, whereas a shift to a more variable jet reduces the effectiveness of the wind forcing at driving surface ocean transports. The processes controlling these two types of changes differ on the upstream and downstream ends of the NAtl eddy-driven jet. On the upstream side over eastern North America, the elevated ice sheet margin acts as a barrier to the winds in both the PlaSim simulations and the TraCE-21ka experiment. This constrains both the position and the latitudinal variability in the jet at LGM, so the jet shifts in sync with ice sheet margin changes. In contrast, the downstream side over the eastern NAtl is more sensitive to the thermal state of the background climate. Our results suggest that the presence of an elevated ice sheet margin in the south-eastern sector of the North American ice complex strongly constrains the deglacial position of the jet over eastern North America and the western North Atlantic as well as its variability.

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21

Ma, Liping, Tim Woollings, Richard G. Williams, Doug Smith, and Nick Dunstone. "How Does the Winter Jet Stream Affect Surface Temperature, Heat Flux, and Sea Ice in the North Atlantic?" Journal of Climate 33, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3711–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0247.1.

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AbstractThe role of the atmospheric jet stream in driving patterns of surface heat flux, changes in sea surface temperature, and sea ice fraction is explored for the winter North Atlantic. Seasonal time-scale ensemble hindcasts from the Met Office Hadley Centre are analyzed for each winter from 1980 to 2014, which for each year includes 40 ensemble members initialized at the start of November. The spread between ensemble members that develops during a season is interpreted to represent the ocean response to stochastic atmospheric variability. The seasonal coupling between the winter atmosphere and the ocean over much of the North Atlantic reveals anomalies in surface heat loss driving anomalies in the tendency of sea surface temperature. The atmospheric jet, defined either by its speed or latitude, strongly controls the winter pattern of air–sea latent and sensible heat flux anomalies, and subsequent sea surface temperature anomalies. On time scales of several months, the effect of jet speed is more pronounced than that of jet latitude on the surface ocean response, although the effect of jet latitude is important in altering the extent of the ocean subtropical and subpolar gyres. A strong jet or high jet latitude increases sea ice fraction over the Labrador Sea due to the enhanced transport of cold air from west Greenland, while sea ice fraction decreases along the east side of Greenland due either to warm air advection or a strong northerly wind along the east Greenland coast blowing surface ice away from the Fram Strait.

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22

Liang, Kun Feng, Chun Yan Gao, and Lin Wang. "Liquid Atomization in another Freezing Liquid Environmental for Fluid Ice Production." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3286.

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Liquid-liquid circulating fluidized bed(LLCFB), which is a novel method of dynamic ice-making, was studied using direct contact heat transfer between droplets and the coolant. In the paper the key problems on droplets formation in LLCFB were investigated by the high resolution digital camera and image processing, the photos of drop formation were obtained. The effects of the shape of jet breakup, jet length on the size and uniformity of drops were revealed. The characteristic of particles size distribution was also presented.

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23

Liu, Yi Hung, and Shuji Matsusaka. "Characteristics of Dry Ice Particles Produced by Expanding Liquid Carbon Dioxide and its Application for Surface Cleaning." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.38.

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The characteristics of dry ice particles produced by expanding liquid carbon dioxide and its application for surface cleaning have been studied experimentally. The production of the dry ice particles was based on the Joule-Thomson effect. The ejected dry ice particles were observed using a high-speed microscope camera. Through digital image processing, the particle size and particle velocity in the jet were analyzed. To in-situ measure the size distribution of the dry ice particles, a laser diffraction method was used. The experimental results showed that the primary dry ice particles ejected from the expansion nozzle were about 1 μm in mass median diameter. The presence of a thermally insulated tube at the outlet of the nozzle enhanced the agglomeration of the particles, whereby agglomerates of about 100 μm in mass median diameter were formed. The performance of dry ice jet for removing fine particles adhering to surfaces was also evaluated using microscopic observation. It was found that the particle removal process consists of two stagesslow removal stage and rapid removal stagethat are related to the jet temperature.

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24

Buss, S., A. Hertzog, C. Hostettler, T. P. Bui, T. Lüthi, and H. Wernli. "Analysis of a jet stream induced gravity wave associated with an observed ice cloud over Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 6 (November 18, 2003): 5875–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-5875-2003.

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Abstract. A polar stratospheric ice cloud (PSC type II) was observed by airborne lidar above Greenland on 14 January 2000. Is was the unique observation of an ice cloud over Greenland during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign. Mesoscale simulations with the hydrostatic HRM model are presented which, in contrast to global analyses, are capable to produce a vertically propagating gravity wave that induces the low temperatures at the level of the PSC afforded for the ice formation. The simulated minimum temperature is ~8 K below the driving analyses and ~3 K below the frost point, exactly coinciding with the location of the observed ice cloud. Despite the high elevations of the Greenland orography the simulated gravity wave is not a mountain wave. Analyses of the horizontal wind divergence, of the background wind profiles, of backward gravity wave ray-tracing trajectories, of HRM experiments with reduced Greenland topography and of several instability diagnostics near the tropopause level provide consistent evidence that the wave is emitted by the geostrophic adjustment of a jet instability associated with an intense, rapidly evolving, anticyclonically curved jet stream. In order to evaluate the potential frequency of such non-orographic polar stratospheric cloud events, an approximate jet instability diagnostic is performed for the winter 1999/2000. It indicates that ice-PSCs are only occasionally generated by gravity waves emanating from an unstable jet.

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25

Nilamdeen, Shezad, and Wagdi G. Habashi. "Multiphase Approach Toward Simulating Ice Crystal Ingestion in Jet Engines." Journal of Propulsion and Power 27, no. 5 (September 2011): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.b34059.

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26

Liu, Yi-Hung, Daisuke Hirama, and Shuji Matsusaka. "Particle removal process during application of impinging dry ice jet." Powder Technology 217 (February 2012): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.032.

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27

Kim, Dongsu, and Jaeseon Lee. "Experimental investigation of CO2 dry-ice assisted jet impingement cooling." Applied Thermal Engineering 107 (August 2016): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.054.

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28

Moallemi, M. K., and M. N. Naraghi. "An Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Ice Formation From a Circular Water Jet Impinging on a Horizontal Cold Surface." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 1016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911437.

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The transient freezing of water impinging vertically on a subzero disk through a circular jet is studied experimentally to determine the interaction of the fluid flow and the solidification process. Experiments are performed over a range of the jet Reynolds number (1600 < Rei < 3500) based on the average velocity and radius of the falling jet at the impingement point. For this range of Reynolds numbers, that corresponds to tube Reynolds numbers less than 1100, and in the absence of solidification, the thin liquid film is characterized by a smooth circular hydraulic jump whose diameter is measured and correlated with the jet Reynolds number. The solidification process is initiated away from the jet (i.e., outside of the hydraulic jump) and moves inward toward the jet. The formation and growth of ice on the cold surface affect the flow field over the surface. This effect manifests itself in the form of a rapid reduction of the hydraulic jump diameter accompanied by instability in its position until its complete disappearance. The effect of fluid flow on the solidification process is found to be a small reduction in the nucleation temperature. The ice layer profiles at different times for different values of jet Reynolds number, and Stefan numbers of the surface and jet are also measured and reported. An approximate model is developed for the calculation of the transient crust growth by neglecting the interaction between the flow and solidification. The predicted solid crust profiles are compared with the measured ones, and the extent of the flow-freezing interactions is discussed. The approximate model is also used for a parametric study of the problem for a constant temperature surface.

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29

Voronin, G. L., G. Ning, J. N. Coupland, R. Roberts, and F. M. Harte. "Freezing kinetics and microstructure of ice cream from high-pressure-jet processing of ice cream mix." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 3 (March 2021): 2843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19011.

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30

Ronalds, Bryn, and Elizabeth A. Barnes. "A Role for Barotropic Eddy–Mean Flow Feedbacks in the Zonal Wind Response to Sea Ice Loss and Arctic Amplification." Journal of Climate 32, no. 21 (October 3, 2019): 7469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0157.1.

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Abstract Previous studies have suggested that, in the zonal mean, the climatological Northern Hemisphere wintertime eddy-driven jet streams will weaken and shift equatorward in response to Arctic amplification and sea ice loss. However, multiple studies have also pointed out that this response has strong regional differences across the two ocean basins, with the North Atlantic jet stream generally weakening across models and the North Pacific jet stream showing signs of strengthening. Based on the zonal wind response with a fully coupled model, this work sets up two case studies using a barotropic model to test a dynamical mechanism that can explain the differences in zonal wind response in the North Pacific versus the North Atlantic. Results indicate that the differences between the two basins are due, at least in part, to differences in the proximity of the jet streams to the sea ice loss, and that in both cases the eddies act to increase the jet speed via changes in wave breaking location and frequency. Thus, while baroclinic arguments may account for an initial reduction in the midlatitude winds through thermal wind balance, eddy–mean flow feedbacks are likely instrumental in determining the final total response and actually act to strengthen the eddy-driven jet stream.

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31

Batailler, Pierre, Philippe Saviuc, Romain Picot-Gueraud, Jean-Luc Bosson, and Marie-Reine Mallaret. "Usefulness of Adenosinetriphosphate Bioluminescence Assay (ATPmetry) for Monitoring the Reprocessing of Endoscopes." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36, no. 12 (October 20, 2015): 1437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.212.

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OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic value of an adenosinetriphosphate bioluminescence assay (ATPmetry) to monitor the effectiveness of the reprocessing of endoscopes compared with microbiologic sampling.DESIGNDiagnostic study.SETTINGA 2,200-bed teaching hospital performing 5,000 to 6,000 endoscopic procedures annually.INCLUSION CRITERIAAll samples from bronchial or gastrointestinal endoscopes whatever the context.METHODSSamples for microbiologic analysis and ATPmetry measurements were taken when each endoscope was inspected following reprocessing. Sampling was performed by flushing each endoscope with 300 mL Neutralizing Pharmacopeia Diluent thiosulfate rinsing solution divided equally between the endoscope channels. For each endoscope a series of 3 ATPmetry measurements were made on a vial containing the first jet from each channel and a second series on the whole sample.RESULTSOf 165 samples from endoscopes, 11 exceeded the acceptability threshold of 25 colony-forming units/endoscope. In the first jet collected, the median (interquartile range) level of ATPmetry was 30.5 (15.3–37.7) relative light units (RLU) for samples with 25 or fewer colony-forming units compared with 37.0 (34.7–39.3) RLU for samples with more than 25 colony-forming units (P=.008). For the whole sample, the median (interquartile range) level of ATPmetry was 24.8 (14.3–36.3) RLU and 36.3 (36.0–38.3) RLU (P=.006), respectively. After adjusting on the batch of cleansing solution used, no difference in ATPmetry values was found between microbiologically acceptable and unacceptable samples.CONCLUSIONATPmetry cannot be used as an alternative or complementary approach to microbiologic tests for monitoring the reprocessing of endoscopes in FranceInfect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1437–1443

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Schumann, Ulrich, Robert Baumann, Darrel Baumgardner, Sarah T. Bedka, David P. Duda, Volker Freudenthaler, Jean-Francois Gayet, et al. "Properties of individual contrails: a compilation of observations and some comparisons." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 403–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-403-2017.

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Abstract. Mean properties of individual contrails are characterized for a wide range of jet aircraft as a function of age during their life cycle from seconds to 11.5 h (7.4–18.7 km altitude, −88 to −31 °C ambient temperature), based on a compilation of about 230 previous in situ and remote sensing measurements. The airborne, satellite, and ground-based observations encompass exhaust contrails from jet aircraft from 1972 onwards, as well as a few older data for propeller aircraft. The contrails are characterized by mean ice particle sizes and concentrations, extinction, ice water content, optical depth, geometrical depth, and contrail width. Integral contrail properties include the cross-section area and total number of ice particles, total ice water content, and total extinction (area integral of extinction) per contrail length. When known, the contrail-causing aircraft and ambient conditions are characterized. The individual datasets are briefly described, including a few new analyses performed for this study, and compiled together to form a contrail library (COLI). The data are compared with results of the Contrail Cirrus Prediction (CoCiP) model. The observations confirm that the number of ice particles in contrails is controlled by the engine exhaust and the formation process in the jet phase, with some particle losses in the wake vortex phase, followed later by weak decreases with time. Contrail cross sections grow more quickly than expected from exhaust dilution. The cross-section-integrated extinction follows an algebraic approximation. The ratio of volume to effective mean radius decreases with time. The ice water content increases with increasing temperature, similar to non-contrail cirrus, while the equivalent relative humidity over ice saturation of the contrail ice mass increases at lower temperatures in the data. Several contrails were observed in warm air above the Schmidt–Appleman threshold temperature. The emission index of ice particles, i.e., the number of ice particles formed in the young contrail per burnt fuel mass, is estimated from the measured concentrations for estimated dilution; maximum values exceed 1015 kg−1. The dependence of the data on the observation methods is discussed. We find no obvious indication for significant contributions from spurious particles resulting from shattering of ice crystals on the microphysical probes.

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Park, Sang Hyoun, Keon Bong Oh, Sun-A. Ock, Sung June Byun, Hwi-Cheul Lee, Suresh Kumar, Sung Gu Lee, and Jae-Seok Woo. "Effects of ice-binding protein from Leucosporidium on the cryopreservation of boar sperm*." Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology 33, no. 3 (September 29, 2018): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12750/jet.2018.33.3.185.

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Zhou, Jian Zhao, Si Wei Lai, Xiao Pan Xu, Yun He Chen, Wei Jun Chu, and Ya Ming Gao. "R&D of Equipment for Deicing by Thermal Water-Jet and Mechanical Deicing Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1288.

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Determining how to quickly and economically remove the ice on the airport runways, city roads and bridges is becoming a tough problem to keep the traffic flow and safe in the snow and icy weather. In this context, this paper presents a new method that combines thermal deicing method, water-jet cutting technology with mechanical deicing method, based on analyzing the deficiencies of the existing ice removal methods. Then, it introduces the construction of thermal water-jet and mechanical deicing equipment, mainly the design of thermal water-jet device, and presents the experimental results by repeated indoor experiments. The results indicate that the device can perform well in deicing work, and satisfy to the design requirements.

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35

Smith, David C., and Arlene A. Bird. "The interaction of an ocean eddy with an ice edge ocean jet in a marginal ice zone." Journal of Geophysical Research 96, no. C3 (1991): 4675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90jc02262.

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Jansen, Joachim, and Andrew J. Heymsfield. "Microphysics of Aerodynamic Contrail Formation Processes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 3293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0362.1.

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Abstract Aerodynamic condensation is a result of intense adiabatic cooling in the airflow over aircraft wings and behind propeller blades. Out of cloud, condensation appears as a burstlike fog (jet aircraft during takeoff and landing, propellers) or as an iridescent trail visible from the ground behind the trailing edge of the wing (jet aircraft in subsonic cruise flight) consisting of a monodisperse population of ice particles that grow to sizes comparable to the wavelength of light in ambient humidities above ice saturation. In this paper, the authors focus on aerodynamic contrail ice particle formation processes over jet aircraft wings. A 2D compressible flow model is used to evaluate two likely processes considered for the initial ice particle formation: homogeneous droplet nucleation (HDN) followed by homogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) and condensational growth of ambient condensation nuclei followed by their homogenous freezing. The model shows that the more numerous HDN particles outcompete frozen solution droplets for water vapor in a 0.5–1-m layer directly above the wing surface and are the only ice particles that become visible. Experimentally verified temperature and relative humidity–dependent parameterizations of rates of homogeneous droplet nucleation, growth, and freezing indicate that visible aerodynamic contrails form between T = −20° and −50°C and RH ≥ 80%. By contrast, combustion contrails require temperatures below −38°C and ice-saturated conditions to persist. Therefore, aerodynamic and combustion contrails can be observed simultaneously.

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McGeough, J. A. "Cutting of Food Products by Ice-particles in a Water-jet." Procedia CIRP 42 (2016): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.009.

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Geiss, K. T., and J. M. Frazier. "In vitro toxicities of experimental jet fuel system ice-inhibiting agents." Science of The Total Environment 274, no. 1-3 (July 2001): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00738-0.

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Jerman, Marko, Henri Orbanić, Andrej Lebar, Izidor Sabotin, Pavel Drešar, and Joško Valentinčič. "Measuring the Water Temperature Changes in Ice Abrasive Water Jet Prototype." Procedia Engineering 149 (2016): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.651.

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Kluz, Krzysztof, and Ernest S. Geskin. "Application of ice-air jet blasting in treatment of sensitive surfaces." International Journal of Abrasive Technology 1, no. 1 (2007): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijat.2007.013849.

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Liu, Yi-Hung, Hiroyuki Maruyama, and Shuji Matsusaka. "Effect of Particle Impact on Surface Cleaning Using Dry Ice Jet." Aerosol Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (December 2011): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2011.603769.

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Zhu, Pengfei, Jiachen Zhang, Bingbing Han, Lifen Zhang, and Zhenxia Liu. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystal Melting in Jet Engine." Journal of Thermal Science 28, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-019-1143-3.

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Maloney, Thomas C., F. Javier Diez, and Tobias Rossmann. "Ice accretion measurements of Jet A-1 in aircraft fuel lines." Fuel 254 (October 2019): 115616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115616.

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Shishkin, D. V., E. S. Geskin, and B. Goldenberg. "Application of Ice Particles for Precision Cleaning of Sensitive Surfaces." Journal of Electronic Packaging 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1511735.

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This study was concerned with the use of the ice-air jet. It was demonstrated that at the optimal range of process conditions this jet constitutes a precision tool for selective material removal operations. Number of experiments was carried out in order to demonstrate this technology. Various electronic devices (computers, calculators, electronic games and watches, camera and lenses) were disassembled and electronic boards were contaminated by grease and metal powder. Then the boards were cleaned and reassembled. The computer, calculators and watches worked normally. Other experiments involved degreasing, depainting and deicing of liquid crystals, optical glass, removal emulsion from a film, etc. The feasibility of the damage free and pollution free decontamination of highly sensitive, highly countered surfaces was demonstrated. A low-cost ice-air cleaning will enable us to use it for processing large surfaces at a high rate. On-line degreasing of metal in the course of rolling or prior to machining illustrates this application. A generic environmentally friendly surface processing technology is emerging as the result of the presented study.

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Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Patrick Hyder, and Caroline R. Holmes. "CMIP5 Diversity in Southern Westerly Jet Projections Related to Historical Sea Ice Area: Strong Link to Strengthening and Weak Link to Shift." Journal of Climate 31, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0320.1.

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Abstract A major feature of projected changes in Southern Hemisphere climate under future scenarios of increased greenhouse gas concentrations is the poleward shift and strengthening of the main eddy-driven belt of midlatitude, near-surface westerly winds (the westerly jet). However, there is large uncertainty in projected twenty-first-century westerly jet changes across different climate models. Here models from the World Climate Research Programme’s phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were evaluated to assess linkages between diversity in simulated sea ice area (SIA), Antarctic amplification, and diversity in projected twenty-first-century changes in the westerly jet following the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. To help disentangle cause and effect in the coupled model analysis, uncoupled atmosphere-only fixed sea surface experiments from CMIP5 were also evaluated. It is shown that across all seasons, approximately half of the variance in projected RCP8.5 jet strengthening is explained statistically by intermodel differences in simulated historical SIA, whereby CMIP5 models with larger baseline SIA exhibit more ice retreat and less jet strengthening in the future. However, links to jet shift are much weaker and are only statistically significant in austral autumn and winter. It is suggested that a significant cross-model correlation between historical jet strength and projected strength change (r = −0.58) is, at least in part, a result of atmospherically driven historical SIA biases, which then feed back into the atmosphere in future projections. The results emphasize that SIA appears to act in concert with proximal changes in sea surface temperature gradients in relation to model diversity in westerly jet projections.

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Li, De Yu, Xiong Duan, and Xing Dong. "The Experimental Study on Paint Removal from Aluminum Surface Using Ice Jet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.732.

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Ice jet technology shows a promising prospect of application in surface cleaning and de-painting engineering because of its environmentally friendly feature. The main objective of this work is to present a deeply experimental study on the organic paint removal from aluminum alloy 2A12 substrates and the surface damage development using ice jets. The effects of ice blasting pressure and blasting time on de-painting and damage to the substrate were mainly concerned. It was shown that at blasting pressure of 0.2MPa, organic paint coatings were stripped from the 2A12 substrates. The paint coatings, moreover, were removed more effectively with increasing blasting pressure. Little changes of the roughness of the blasted substrate surface were observed. SEM images showed little plastic deformation at the blasting pressure of 0.5MPa existed on the surface. Whereas, a few of impact craters due to impact of high-velocity ice particles appeared at 0.7MPa for 7 seconds of exposure time with its number increasing obviously for 15seconds.

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Watanabe, Eiji, and Hiroyasu Hasumi. "Pacific Water Transport in the Western Arctic Ocean Simulated by an Eddy-Resolving Coupled Sea Ice–Ocean Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 2194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4010.1.

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Abstract The process of the Pacific water transport in the Chukchi Sea and the southern Canada Basin is investigated by using an eddy-resolving coupled sea ice–ocean model. The simulation result demonstrates that the Pacific water flows into the basin by mesoscale baroclinic eddies, which are generated and developed as a result of the instability of a narrow and intense jet through the Barrow Canyon. Each eddy has a baroclinic anticyclonic structure, and its horizontal and vertical scales grow up by being merged with other ones during August and September, they separate into anticyclones whose diameters are about 50 km in October, and then they gradually shrink in early winter. The Pacific water transport across the Beaufort shelf break reaches maximum (about 0.3 Sv, where 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) during late summer and early autumn when the eddy activities are enhanced. The sensitivity experiments indicate that the shelf-to-basin transport differs depending on the sea ice condition in the Chukchi Sea during summer. The difference is found to be associated with the jet strength, which is closely related to the location of the sea ice margin. When the sea ice margin is located in the Canada Basin, the jet is stronger, and mesoscale eddy activities and corresponding inflow of the Pacific water into the basin are enhanced. When sea ice remains in the shelf even in late summer, sea ice ocean stress plays a great role in braking the jet and the consequent suppression of the shelf-to-basin transport. The freshwater and heat transports into the basin associated with the Pacific water inflow depend on not only the volume flux but also on surface buoyancy flux in the shelf, which varies according to sea ice condition. The freshwater transport referenced to 34.8 psu is 259 km3 yr−1 in the medium sea ice extent case. Although the Pacific water becomes freshened as a result of its mixing with sea ice meltwater in the large extent case, the freshwater transport is still less than in the other cases. The heat transport is promoted by preferable absorption of solar heat in addition to energetic eddy-induced transport in the small extent case. The heat amount provided into the basin is equivalent to the reduction of sea ice thickness by about 1 m yr−1 north of the Chukchi and Beaufort shelf breaks.

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Jakobson, L., T. Vihma, E. Jakobson, T. Palo, A. Männik, and J. Jaagus. "Low-level jet characteristics over the Arctic Ocean in spring and summer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 2125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-2125-2013.

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Abstract. Low-level jets (LLJ) are important for turbulence in the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer, but their occurrence, properties, and generation mechanisms in the Arctic are not well known. We analysed LLJs over the central Arctic Ocean in spring and summer 2007 on the bases of data collected in the drifting ice station Tara. Instead of traditional radiosonde soundings, data from tethersonde soundings with a high vertical resolution were used. The Tara results showed a lower occurrence of LLJs (46%) than many previous studies over polar sea ice. Strong jet core winds contributed to growth of the turbulent layer. Complex relationship between the jet core height and the temperature inversion top height were detected: substantial correlation (r = 0.72; p < 0.01) occurred when the jet core was above the turbulent layer, but inside the turbulent layer there was no correlation. The most important forcing mechanism for LLJs was baroclinicity, which was responsible for generation of strong and warm LLJs, which on average occurred at lower altitudes than other jets. Baroclinic jets were mostly associated to transient cyclones instead of the climatological air temperature gradients. Besides baroclinicity, cases related to inertial oscillations, gusts, and fronts were detected. In approximately 50% of the observed LLJs the generation mechanism remained unclear, but in most of these cases the wind speed was strong in the whole vertical profile, the jet core representing only a weak maximum. Further research needs on LLJs in the Arctic include investigation of low-level jet streams and their effects on the sea ice drift and atmospheric moisture transport.

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Meinel, Aden B., and Barbara Meinel. "Evidence of a magnetic sheath around a jet from NGC 6543." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S259 (November 2008): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309030336.

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AbstractWe present observational evidence that NGC 6543 produced a jet of cosmic rays that irradiated the Earth recorded as cosmogenic10Be found ice cores. This identification shows that the jet was accompanied by a magnetic field of sufficient strength to travel 220pc and retain evidence of the celestial coordinates of the source object.

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Jerman, Marko, Michal Zeleňák, Andrej Lebar, Vladimir Foldyna, Josef Foldyna, and Joško Valentinčič. "Observation of cryogenically cooled ice particles inside the high-speed water jet." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 289 (March 2021): 116947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116947.

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