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Journal articles on the topic 'Ice crystals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Furukawa, Yoshinori. "Ice Crystals." Crystals 9, no. 10 (2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100540.

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The special issue on “Ice Crystals” includes seven contributed papers, which give the wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. They focus on the interface structure of ice, the physical properties of hydrate crystals and the freezing properties of water controlled by antifreeze proteins. The present issue can be considered as a status report reviewing the research that has been made recently on ice crystals. These papers provide research information about the recent development of ice crystal research to readers.

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2

Svensson, Anders, Karen G. Schmidt, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, et al. "Properties of ice crystals in NorthGRIP late- to middle-Holocene ice." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815636.

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AbstractDetailed measurements of crystal outlines and fabrics have been performed on 35 000 crystals in fifteen 10 × 20 cm2 vertical thin sections from the North Greenland Icecore Project (NorthGRIP) ice core, evenly distributed in the depth interval 115–880m. The crystals exhibit important changes over this period. As the ice gets older the mean crystal area increases towards a constant value, the shape of the crystals becomes increasingly irregular, and the area distribution of crystals develops from a single log-normal distribution into a bimodal lognormal distribution. The c-axis fabric of

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3

Zheng, Ouyang, Li Zhang, Qinxiu Sun, and Shucheng Liu. "Basic Theory of Ice Crystallization Based on Water Molecular Structure and Ice Structure." Foods 13, no. 17 (2024): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13172773.

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Freezing storage is the most common method of food preservation and the formation of ice crystals during freezing has an important impact on food quality. The water molecular structure, mechanism of ice crystal formation, and ice crystal structure are elaborated in the present review. Meanwhile the methods of ice crystal characterization are outlined. It is concluded that the distribution of the water molecule cluster structure during the crystallization process directly affects the formed ice crystals’ structure, but the intrinsic relationship needs to be further investigated. The morphology

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4

Murray, Benjamin J., Christoph G. Salzmann, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Steven Dobbie, Ryan R. Neely, and Christopher J. Cox. "Trigonal Ice Crystals in Earth’s Atmosphere." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 9 (2015): 1519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00128.1.

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Abstract We are all familiar with the hexagonal shape of snow and ice crystals, and it is well established that their sixfold symmetry is derived from the arrangement of water molecules in a hexagonal crystal structure. However, atmospheric ice crystals with only threefold rotational symmetry are often observed, which is inconsistent with the hexagonal crystal structure of ordinary ice. These crystals are found in a wide range of different cloud types ranging from upper-tropospheric cirrus to contrails and diamond dust and they form at temperatures ranging from about −84° to −5°C. Recent exper

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ZHANG, Lifen, Jianhui ZHAO, Bangtuo YU, Yaguo LYU, and Zhenxia LIU. "Numerical study of ice crystal movement and melting in rotating blade channels." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 42, no. 6 (2024): 987–95. https://doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20244260987.

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The motion and melting characteristics of ice crystals in the rotating blade channel are investigated. Firstly, the method of calculating local collection coefficient is proposed for rotating parts. Secondly, the numerical simulation of ice crystal movement and melting in the rotating blade channel is carried out to analyze the influence of ice crystal geometry parameters and working condition changes on the ice crystal impact location and ice crystal melting rate. The results show: ① the collection coefficient of ice crystal at the leading edge of the blade is the highest, the trailing edge o

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6

K Schmidt, Karen Guldbæ, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen. "An ice crystal model for Jupiter’s moon Europa." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815735.

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AbstractA simple model for crystal growth in the ice shell of Europa has been made in order to estimate the size of ice crystals at Europa’s surface. If mass is lost from the surface of Europa due to sputtering processes, and the ice thickness is constant in time, ice crystals will be transported upwards in the ice shell. The crystals will therefore grow under varying conditions through the shell. The model predicts that ice crystals are 4 cm– 80 m across at the surface. For the preferred parameter values, a crystal size of the order of 7 m is calculated.

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7

Sheridan, Lindsay M., Jerry Y. Harrington, Dennis Lamb, and Kara Sulia. "Influence of Ice Crystal Aspect Ratio on the Evolution of Ice Size Spectra during Vapor Depositional Growth." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 12 (2009): 3732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3113.1.

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Abstract The relationship among aspect ratio, initial size, and the evolution of the size spectrum is explored for ice crystals growing by vapor deposition. Ice crystal evolution is modeled based on the growth of spheroids, and the ice size spectrum is predicted using a model that is Lagrangian in crystal size and aspect ratio. A dependence of crystal aspect ratio on initial size is discerned: more exaggerated shapes are shown to result when the initial crystals are small, whereas more isometric shapes are found to result from initially large crystals. This result is due to the nature of the v

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8

Adams, Edward E., and Daniel A. Miller. "Ice crystals grown from vapor onto an orientated substrate: application to snow depth-hoar development and gas inclusions in lake ice." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 164 (2003): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830953.

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AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted in which new ice crystals were nucleated from the vapor phase onto large existing ice crystals obtained from Antarctic lake ice. Flat, smooth ice-crystal surfaces were prepared, with c axes oriented either vertically or horizontally. When these were subjected to a supersaturated vapor environment, multiple individual crystals nucleated onto the substrates adopting the same crystallographic orientation as the parent. A dominant grain-growth scenario for kinetic-growth metamorphism in snow, which in some ways is analogous to the oriented morphologies

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9

Mo, Jingyi, Robert D. Groot, Graham McCartney, et al. "Ice Crystal Coarsening in Ice Cream during Cooling: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment." Crystals 9, no. 6 (2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060321.

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Ice cream is a complex multi-phase structure and its perceived quality is closely related to the small size of ice crystals in the product. Understanding the quantitative coarsening behaviour of ice crystals will help manufacturers optimise ice cream formulations and processing. Using synchrotron X-ray tomography, we measured the time-dependent coarsening (Ostwald ripening) of ice crystals in ice cream during cooling at 0.05 °C/min. The results show ice crystal coarsening is highly temperature dependent, being rapid from ca. −6 to −12 °C but significantly slower at lower temperatures. We devel

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10

Koch, Inka, Sean Fitzsimons, Denis Samyn, and Jean-Louis Tison. "Marine ice recycling at the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 228 (2015): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j095.

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AbstractMarine ice accretes at the base of ice shelves, often infilling open structural weaknesses and increasing ice-shelf stability. However, the timing and location of marine ice formation remain poorly understood. This study determines marine ice source water composition and origin by examining marine ice crystal morphology, water isotope and solute chemistry in ice samples collected from the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf (SMIS), Antarctica. The measured co-isotopic record together with the output of a freezing model for frazil crystals indicate a spatio-temporally varying water source of sea

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11

Hirose, Koichiro, Koji Fukudome, Hiroya Mamori, and Makoto Yamamoto. "Three-Dimensional Trajectory and Impingement Simulation of Ice Crystals Considering State Changes on the Rotor Blade of an Axial Fan." Aerospace 11, no. 1 (2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010002.

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Ice crystal icing occurs in jet engine compressors, which can severely degrade jet engine performance. In this study, we developed an ice crystal trajectory simulation, considering the state changes of ice crystals with a forced convection model, indicating a significant difference in impinging ice crystal content on the blade for tiny ice crystals. Then, ice crystal trajectory simulations were performed for the rotor blade of an axial fan to investigate the effects of ice crystal size and relative humidity on collision characteristics. The results indicate that the surrounding air affects the

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12

New, William H. "Ice Crystals." Journal of Modern Literature 23, no. 3 (2000): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jml.2000.0013.

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13

Shcherbakov, Valery, Jean-François Gayet, Brad Baker, and Paul Lawson. "Light Scattering by Single Natural Ice Crystals." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 5 (2006): 1513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3690.1.

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Abstract During the South Pole Ice Crystal Experiment, angular scattering intensities (ASIs) of single ice crystals formed in natural conditions were measured for the first time with the polar nephelometer instrument. The microphysical properties of the ice crystals were simultaneously obtained with a cloud particle imager. The observations of the scattering properties of numerous ice crystals reveal high variability of the ASIs in terms of magnitude and distribution over scattering angles. To interpret observed ASI features, lookup tables were computed with a modified ray tracing code, which

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14

Egorov, B. P. "Anisotropy of the friction forces of rest and sliding frictionof single crystals of ice." Arctic and Antarctic Research 68, no. 4 (2022): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-4-406-419.

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The properties of the ice of natural reservoirs are due to its crystalline structure. The dependence of the mechanical and strength characteristics of single ice crystals on the angle between the direction of application of force to a single crystal and the direction of its C-axis is known. Basically, this dependence is due to the possibility of the base plates of a single crystal of ice sliding relative to each other. In physics, in addition to the mechanical and strength characteristics of a solid, the properties of the surfaces of a solid state, manifested in the process of friction, are of

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15

Pasquier, Julie Thérèse, Jan Henneberger, Fabiola Ramelli, et al. "Conditions favorable for secondary ice production in Arctic mixed-phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 23 (2022): 15579–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022.

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Abstract. The Arctic is very susceptible to climate change and thus is warming much faster than the rest of the world. Clouds influence terrestrial and solar radiative fluxes and thereby impact the amplified Arctic warming. The partitioning of thermodynamic phases (i.e., ice crystals and water droplets) within mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) especially influences their radiative properties. However, the processes responsible for ice crystal formation remain only partially characterized. In particular, so-called secondary ice production (SIP) processes, which create supplementary ice crystals from pr

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16

Lorv, Janet S. H., David R. Rose, and Bernard R. Glick. "Bacterial Ice Crystal Controlling Proteins." Scientifica 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/976895.

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Across the world, many ice active bacteria utilize ice crystal controlling proteins for aid in freezing tolerance at subzero temperatures. Ice crystal controlling proteins include both antifreeze and ice nucleation proteins. Antifreeze proteins minimize freezing damage by inhibiting growth of large ice crystals, while ice nucleation proteins induce formation of embryonic ice crystals. Although both protein classes have differing functions, these proteins use the same ice binding mechanisms. Rather than direct binding, it is probable that these protein classes create an ice surface prior to ice

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17

Hansen, Kaj M., Anders Svensson, Yun Wang, and Jørgen Peder Steffensen. "Properties of GRIP ice crystals from around Greenland interstadial 3." Annals of Glaciology 35 (2002): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781816834.

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AbstractIce-crystal textures (sizes and shapes) and fabrics (c-axis orientations) have been determined in 3 m of vertical thin sections from the Greenland Icecore Project (GRIP) ice core. the samples cover ice from before, during and after Greenland interstadial 3 (IS3) that occurred about 25 kyr BP. the texture of 60 000 crystals has been obtained from stacked digital images by semi-automated methods, and the fabric of 5000 selected crystals has been measured on the Automatic Ice Fabric Analyzer at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven. the area distribution function of the crystals is cl

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18

Bourdages, L., T. J. Duck, G. Lesins, J. R. Drummond, and E. W. Eloranta. "Physical properties of High Arctic tropospheric particles during winter." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (2009): 6881–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6881-2009.

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Abstract. A climatology of particle scattering properties in the wintertime High Arctic troposphere, including vertical distributions and effective radii, is presented. The measurements were obtained using a lidar and cloud radar located at Eureka, Nunavut Territory (80° N, 86° W). Four different particle groupings are considered: boundary-layer ice crystals, ice clouds, mixed-phase clouds, and aerosols. Two-dimensional histograms of occurrence probabilities against depolarization, radar/lidar colour ratio and height are given. Colour ratios are related to particle minimum dimensions (i.e., wi

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19

Swanson, Brian D., and Jon Nelson. "Low-temperature triple-capillary cryostat for ice crystal growth studies." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 11 (2019): 6143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6143-2019.

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Abstract. Ice crystals come in a remarkable variety of shapes and sizes that affect a cloud's radiative properties. To better understand the growth of these crystals, we built an improved capillary cryostat (CC2) designed to reduce potential instrumental artifacts that may have influenced earlier measurements. In CC2, a crystal forms at the end of one, two, or three well-separated, ultrafine capillaries to minimize both potential crystal–crystal and crystal–substrate interaction effects. The crystals can be initiated using several ice-nucleation modes. The cryostat has two vapor-source chamber

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20

Zhang, Huiying, Xia Li, Fabiola Ramelli, Robert O. David, Julie Pasquier, and Jan Henneberger. "IceDetectNet: a rotated object detection algorithm for classifying components of aggregated ice crystals with a multi-label classification scheme." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 24 (2024): 7109–28. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7109-2024.

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Abstract. The shape of ice crystals affects their radiative properties, growth rate, fall speed, and collision efficiency; thus, it plays a significant role in cloud optical properties and precipitation formation. Ambient conditions, like temperature and humidity, determine the basic habit of ice crystals, while microphysical processes, such as riming and aggregation, further shape them, resulting in a diverse set of ice crystal shapes and effective densities. Current classification algorithms face two major challenges: (1) ice crystals are often classified as a whole (at the image scale), nec

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21

Gerber, H., and P. J. DeMott. "Response of FSSP-100 and PVM-100A to Small Ice Crystals." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 10 (2014): 2145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00228.1.

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Abstract Correction factors Cf are derived for ice-crystal volume and effective radius Re, measured by Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) and Particulate Volume Monitor (PVM) that are known to overestimate both parameters for nonspherical particles. Correction factors are based on ice-crystal volume and the projected area of randomly oriented model ice crystals with column, rosette, capped-column, and dendrite habits described by Takano and Liou. In addition, Cf are calculated for oblate and prolate spheroids. To test Cf, both probes are compared to small, predominately solid hexagon

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22

Santachiara, Gianni, Franco Belosi, and Franco Prodi. "The Mystery of Ice Crystal Multiplication in a Laboratory Experiment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 1 (2013): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0117.1.

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Abstract This paper addresses the problem of the large discrepancies between ice crystal concentrations in clouds and the number of ice nuclei in nearby clear air reported in published papers. Such discrepancies cannot always be explained, even by taking into account both primary and secondary ice formation processes. A laboratory experiment was performed in a cylindrical column placed in a cold room at atmospheric pressure and temperature in the −12° to −14°C range. Supercooled droplets were nucleated in the column, in the absence of aerosol ice nuclei, by injecting ice crystals generated out

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23

Magee, N. B., A. Miller, M. Amaral, and A. Cumiskey. "Mesoscopic surface roughness of ice crystals pervasive across a wide range of ice crystal conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 6 (2014): 8393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-8393-2014.

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Abstract. Here we show high-magnification images of hexagonal ice crystals acquired by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). Most ice crystals were grown and sublimated in the water vapor environment of an FEI-Quanta-200 ESEM, but crystals grown in a laboratory diffusion chamber were also transferred intact and imaged via ESEM. All of these images display prominent mesoscopic topography including linear striations, ridges, islands, steps, peaks, pits, and crevasses; the roughness is not observed to be confined to prism facets. The observations represent the most highly magnified i

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Magee, N. B., A. Miller, M. Amaral, and A. Cumiskey. "Mesoscopic surface roughness of ice crystals pervasive across a wide range of ice crystal conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 22 (2014): 12357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12357-2014.

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Abstract. Here we show high-magnification images of hexagonal ice crystals acquired by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Most ice crystals were grown and sublimated in the water vapor environment of an FEI-Quanta-200 ESEM, but crystals grown in a laboratory diffusion chamber were also transferred intact and imaged via ESEM. All of these images display prominent mesoscopic topography including linear striations, ridges, islands, steps, peaks, pits, and crevasses; the roughness is not observed to be confined to prism facets. The observations represent the most highly magnified i

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25

Forster, Linda, and Bernhard Mayer. "Ice crystal characterization in cirrus clouds III: retrieval of ice crystal shape and roughness from observations of halo displays." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 23 (2022): 15179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15179-2022.

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Abstract. In this study, which is the third part of the HaloCam series after Forster et al. (2017, 2020), we present a novel technique to retrieve quantitative information about ice crystal optical and microphysical properties using ground-based imaging observations of halo displays. Comparing HaloCam's calibrated RGB images of 22 and 46∘ halo observations against a lookup table of simulated radiances, this technique allows the retrieval of the sizes and shapes of randomly oriented crystals as well as the fraction of smooth and rough ice crystals for cirrus clouds. We analyzed 4400 HaloCam ima

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26

Kim, Chae Un, Yi-Fan Chen, Mark W. Tate, and Sol M. Gruner. "Pressure-induced high-density amorphous ice in protein crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 41, no. 1 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807048820.

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Crystal cryocooling has been used in X-ray protein crystallography to mitigate radiation damage during diffraction data collection. However, cryocooling typically increases crystal mosaicity and often requires a time-consuming search for cryoprotectants. A recently developed high-pressure cryocooling method reduces crystal damage relative to traditional cryocooling procedures and eases or eliminates the need to screen for cryoprotectants. It has been proposed that the formation of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice within the protein crystal is responsible for the excellent diffraction quality o

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27

Pollard, W. H., and H. M. French. "The Internal Structure and Ice Crystallography of Seasonal Frost Mounds." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000006407.

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AbstractThe crystal character of the ice core within frost blisters supports the hypothesis that groundwater injection into residual zones of the active layer followed by rapid freezing is the primary growth mechanism for these features. The ice core is characterized by an upper zone of relatively small randomly arranged equigranular ice crystals which change with increasing depth to columnar anhedral crystals, commonly exceeding 200 mm in length, and with crystal diameters ranging between 25 and 35 mm. Petrofabric analyses show that thec-axis orientations are normal to crystal elongations, wi

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Pollard, W. H., and H. M. French. "The Internal Structure and Ice Crystallography of Seasonal Frost Mounds." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000006407.

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AbstractThe crystal character of the ice core within frost blisters supports the hypothesis that groundwater injection into residual zones of the active layer followed by rapid freezing is the primary growth mechanism for these features. The ice core is characterized by an upper zone of relatively small randomly arranged equigranular ice crystals which change with increasing depth to columnar anhedral crystals, commonly exceeding 200 mm in length, and with crystal diameters ranging between 25 and 35 mm. Petrofabric analyses show that the c-axis orientations are normal to crystal elongations, w

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29

Weitzel, Maximilian, Subir K. Mitra, Miklós Szakáll, Jacob P. Fugal, and Stephan Borrmann. "Application of holography and automated image processing for laboratory experiments on mass and fall speed of small cloud ice crystals." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 23 (2020): 14889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14889-2020.

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Abstract. An ice cloud chamber was developed at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz for generating several thousand data points for mass and sedimentation velocity measurements of ice crystals with sizes less than 150 µm. Ice nucleation was initiated from a cloud of supercooled droplets by local cooling using a liquid nitrogen cold finger. Three-dimensional tracks of ice crystals falling through the slightly supersaturated environment were obtained from the reconstruction of sequential holographic images, automated detection of the crystals in the hologram reconstructions, and particle

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Bayer-Giraldi, Maddalena, Gen Sazaki, Ken Nagashima, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dmitry A. Vorontsov, and Yoshinori Furukawa. "Growth suppression of ice crystal basal face in the presence of a moderate ice-binding protein does not confer hyperactivity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 29 (2018): 7479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807461115.

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Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) affect ice crystal growth by attaching to crystal faces. We present the effects on the growth of an ice single crystal caused by an ice-binding protein from the sea ice microalga Fragilariopsis cylindrus (fcIBP) that is characterized by the widespread domain of unknown function 3494 (DUF3494) and known to cause a moderate freezing point depression (below 1 °C). By the application of interferometry, bright-field microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we observed that the fcIBP attaches to the basal faces of ice crystals, thereby inhibiting their growth in the c dir

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Rees Jones, David W., and Andrew J. Wells. "Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes." Cryosphere 12, no. 1 (2018): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-25-2018.

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Abstract. The growth of frazil or granular ice is an important mode of ice formation in the cryosphere. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the microphysical processes that control the rate of ice-crystal growth when water is cooled beneath its freezing temperature. These advances suggest that crystals grow much faster than previously thought. In this paper, we consider models of a population of ice crystals with different sizes to provide insight into the treatment of frazil ice in large-scale models. We consider the role of crystal growth alongside the other physical processes

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Chen, Jen-Ping, and Tzu-Chin Tsai. "Triple-Moment Modal Parameterization for the Adaptive Growth Habit of Pristine Ice Crystals." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 5 (2016): 2105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0220.1.

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Abstract A three-moment modal parameterization scheme was developed for describing variations in the shape of cloud ice crystals during growth by vapor deposition. The shape of ice crystals is represented using the volume-weighted aspect ratio, while the size spectrum of the crystal population is described using a three-parameter gamma function. Verified with binned spectral calculations, the proposed modal scheme performed quite accurately in the evolution of the mass and shape of cloud ice crystals growing under idealized conditions. The associated error is within 1% in mass after 1000 s of

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GUO, Qilei, Jie DU, Feng QIAN, and Ning DING. "Numerical Study of Particle Impingement on Aeroengine under Mixed-Phase Conditions." Mechanics 30, no. 5 (2024): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.31501.

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In this approach, considering to ice crystal sticking effects, a numerical model was established to solve the particle impingement property of a large bypass ratio aeroengine under mixed-phase icing conditions. The collection efficiency of droplets obtained by the proposed model is are well in agreement with the literature and the collection efficiency of ice crystals is significantly higher than that of droplets due to the greater inertial force. The mechanism of liquid film acting on the ice crystal adhesion affect was investigated. It is found that the greater melt ratio can lead to more su

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Lu, Shengfang, Weijian Chen, Dalin Zhang, Zihao Zhang, and Guangya Zhu. "Investigation on Phase Transition and Collection Characteristics of Non-Spherical Ice Crystals with Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods." Aerospace 11, no. 4 (2024): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040299.

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Ice crystal icing occurs in jet engine compressors, which can severely degrade jet engine performance. In this paper, two different numerical calculation methods, the Eulerian method and the Lagrangian method, were used to evaluate the dynamics, mass transfer, heat transfer, phase transition and trajectory of ice crystals. Then, we studied the effects of initial diameter, initial sphericity, initial temperature of ice crystal, and relative humidity of airflow on the phase transition and collection characteristics of ice crystal particles. Results indicate that the non-spherical characteristics

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Voigtländer, Jens, Cedric Chou, Henner Bieligk, et al. "Surface roughness during depositional growth and sublimation of ice crystals." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 18 (2018): 13687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13687-2018.

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Abstract. Ice surface properties can modify the scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals and therefore affect the radiative properties of mixed-phase and cirrus clouds. The Ice Roughness Investigation System (IRIS) is a new laboratory setup designed to investigate the conditions under which roughness develops on single ice crystals, based on their size, morphology and growth conditions (relative humidity and temperature). Ice roughness is quantified through the analysis of speckle in 2-D light-scattering patterns. Characterization of the setup shows that a supersaturation of 20 % with

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Miyamoto, Atsushi, Ilka Weikusat, and Takeo Hondoh. "Complete determination of ice crystal orientation using Laue X-ray diffraction method." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 201 (2011): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311795306754.

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AbstractIce crystal orientation fabric data from ice cores contain important information concerning the internal structure and the flow behaviour of ice sheets. When ice cores are recovered from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, crystal orientation measurements are performed immediately to obtain fundamental physical property information. In the past, we have measured the c-axis orientation of ice crystals by a manual optical method using a universal stage. This method is very time-consuming, involving tedious work in a cold laboratory. Recently, automated systems have been developed tha

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Garrett, T. J., M. B. Kimball, G. G. Mace, and D. G. Baumgardner. "Observing cirrus halos to constrain in-situ measurements of ice crystal size." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (2007): 1295–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-1295-2007.

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Abstract. In this study, characteristic optical sizes of ice crystals in synoptic cirrus are determined using airborne measurements of ice crystal size distributions, optical extinction and water content. The measurements are compared with coincident visual observations of ice cloud optical phenomena, in particular the 22° and 46° halos. In general, the scattering profiles derived from the in-situ cloud probe measurements are consistent with the observed halo characteristics. It is argued that this implies that the measured ice crystals were small, probably with characteristic optical radii be

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XU, AIXIANG, ZHIQIANG LIU, TENGLEI ZHAO, and XIAOXIAO WANG. "POPULATION BALANCE MODEL OF ICE CRYSTALS SIZE DISTRIBUTION DURING ICE SLURRY STORAGE." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 22, no. 02 (2014): 1440001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251440001x.

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Particle size distribution and number of ice crystals have a great influence on the flow and heat transfer performance of ice slurry. A population balance model (PBM) containing population and mass balances has been built to simulate numerically the development of ice particle size distribution during adiabatic ice slurry storage. The model assumes a homogeneously mixed and long-term storage tank in which the effect of breakage and aggregation between ice crystals was considered. For solving the population balance equations (PBEs) in the PBM, a semi-discrete finite volume scheme was applied. F

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Haapanala, Päivi, Petri Räisänen, Greg M. McFarquhar, et al. "Disk and circumsolar radiances in the presence of ice clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 11 (2017): 6865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6865-2017.

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Abstract. The impact of ice clouds on solar disk and circumsolar radiances is investigated using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. The monochromatic direct and diffuse radiances are simulated at angles of 0 to 8° from the center of the sun. Input data for the model are derived from measurements conducted during the 2010 Small Particles in Cirrus (SPARTICUS) campaign together with state-of-the-art databases of optical properties of ice crystals and aerosols. For selected cases, the simulated radiances are compared with ground-based radiance measurements obtained by the Sun and Aureole Mea

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Gultepe, I., A. J. Heymsfield, P. R. Field, and D. Axisa. "Ice-Phase Precipitation." Meteorological Monographs 58 (January 1, 2017): 6.1–6.36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0013.1.

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AbstractIce-phase precipitation occurs at Earth’s surface and may include various types of pristine crystals, rimed crystals, freezing droplets, secondary crystals, aggregates, graupel, hail, or combinations of any of these. Formation of ice-phase precipitation is directly related to environmental and cloud meteorological parameters that include available moisture, temperature, and three-dimensional wind speed and turbulence, as well as processes related to nucleation, cooling rate, and microphysics. Cloud microphysical parameters in the numerical models are resolved based on various processes

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Nomura, Daiki, Philipp Assmy, Gernot Nehrke, et al. "Characterization of ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) crystals in first-year Arctic sea ice north of Svalbard." Annals of Glaciology 54, no. 62 (2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013aog62a034.

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AbstractWe identified ikaite crystals (CaCO3·6H2O) and examined their shape and size distribution in first-year Arctic pack ice, overlying snow and slush layers during the spring melt onset north of Svalbard. Additional measurements of total alkalinity (TA) were made for melted snow and sea-ice samples. Ikaite crystals were mainly found in the bottom of the snowpack, in slush and the surface layers of the sea ice where the temperature was generally lower and salinity higher than in the ice below. Image analysis showed that ikaite crystals were characterized by a roughly elliptical shape and a

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Kärcher, B., A. Dörnbrack, and I. Sölch. "Supersaturation Variability and Cirrus Ice Crystal Size Distributions." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 8 (2014): 2905–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0404.1.

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Abstract Small-scale dynamical variability affects atmospheric supersaturation and therefore the development of ice clouds via uptake of water vapor on ice crystals. This variability and its implications for ice growth are difficult to capture experimentally and theoretically. By interpreting supersaturation as a stochastic variable, the authors examine the average temporal behavior of, and the link between, supersaturation fluctuations and ice crystal size distributions in upper-tropospheric cirrus clouds. The authors classify cirrus types according to their ability to dampen supersaturation

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Bar-Dolev, Maya, Yeliz Celik, J. S. Wettlaufer, Peter L. Davies, and Ido Braslavsky. "New insights into ice growth and melting modifications by antifreeze proteins." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 77 (2012): 3249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0388.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) evolved in many organisms, allowing them to survive in cold climates by controlling ice crystal growth. The specific interactions of AFPs with ice determine their potential applications in agriculture, food preservation and medicine. AFPs control the shapes of ice crystals in a manner characteristic of the particular AFP type. Moderately active AFPs cause the formation of elongated bipyramidal crystals, often with seemingly defined facets, while hyperactive AFPs produce more varied crystal shapes. These different morphologies are generally considered to be growth sha

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Jensen, E. J., P. Lawson, B. Baker, et al. "On the importance of small ice crystals in tropical anvil cirrus." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (2009): 5321–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-5321-2009.

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Abstract. In situ measurements of ice crystal concentrations and sizes made with aircraft instrumentation over the past two decades have often indicated the presence of numerous relatively small (<50 μm diameter) crystals in cirrus clouds. Further, these measurements frequently indicate that small crystals account for a large fraction of the extinction in cirrus clouds. The fact that the instruments used to make these measurements, such as the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) and the Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), ingest ice crystals into the sample volume through inlets has

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Jensen, E. J., P. Lawson, B. Baker, et al. "On the importance of small ice crystals in tropical anvil cirrus." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 15 (2009): 5519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5519-2009.

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Abstract. In situ measurements of ice crystal concentrations and sizes made with aircraft instrumentation over the past two decades have often indicated the presence of numerous relatively small (< 50 μm diameter) crystals in cirrus clouds. Further, these measurements frequently indicate that small crystals account for a large fraction of the extinction in cirrus clouds. The fact that the instruments used to make these measurements, such as the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) and the Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), ingest ice crystals into the sample volume through inlets has

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Yamashtta, Takira, Asaharu Asano, and Takayuki Ohno. "Comparison of Ice Crystals Grown from Vapour in Varying Conditions." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-242-245.

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In a static supercooled cloud dendrites hardly grow at about -15°C except at the pointed tip of a needle-like ice crystal or an isolated thin plate-like ice crystal. When ice crystals are moved slowly in a static supercooled cloud, dendrites grow at about -15° C and the α-axis growth rate increases as the velocity of the dendrites increases; at velocities higher than 20 cm/s, however, the a-axis growth rate decreases as the velocity increases due to the influence of heavy riming. The maximum a-axis growth rate in a supercooled cloud is observed at about -15°C in experiments growing ice crystal

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Yamashtta, Takira, Asaharu Asano, and Takayuki Ohno. "Comparison of Ice Crystals Grown from Vapour in Varying Conditions." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500010466.

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In a static supercooled cloud dendrites hardly grow at about -15°C except at the pointed tip of a needle-like ice crystal or an isolated thin plate-like ice crystal. When ice crystals are moved slowly in a static supercooled cloud, dendrites grow at about -15° C and the α-axis growth rate increases as the velocity of the dendrites increases; at velocities higher than 20 cm/s, however, the a-axis growth rate decreases as the velocity increases due to the influence of heavy riming. The maximum a-axis growth rate in a supercooled cloud is observed at about -15°C in experiments growing ice crystal

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Kustova, Natalia, Alexander Konoshonkin, Victor Shishko, et al. "Depolarization Ratio for Randomly Oriented Ice Crystals of Cirrus Clouds." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (2022): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101551.

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The depolarization ratio and backscattering cross sections have been calculated for shapes and size of ice crystals that are typical in cirrus clouds. The calculations are performed in the physical-optics approximation. It is shown that the depolarization ratio approaches some constant when the size of the crystals becomes much larger than the incident wavelength. For the transparent ice crystals, when absorption is absent, the magnitude of this constant strongly depends on crystal shapes. This fact allows inferring the crystal shape from magnitudes of the depolarization ratio in lidar signals

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Mignani, Claudia, Jessie M. Creamean, Lukas Zimmermann, Christine Alewell, and Franz Conen. "New type of evidence for secondary ice formation at around −15 °C in mixed-phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 2 (2019): 877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-877-2019.

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Abstract. Ice crystal numbers can exceed the numbers of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) observed in mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) by several orders of magnitude, also at temperatures that are colder than −8 ∘C. This disparity provides circumstantial evidence of secondary ice formation, also other than via the Hallett–Mossop process. In a new approach, we made use of the fact that planar, branched ice crystals (e.g. dendrites) grow within a relatively narrow temperature range (i.e. −12 to −17 ∘C) and can be analysed individually for INPs using a field-deployable drop-freezing assay. The novelty of

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Moreau, David W., Hakan Atakisi, and Robert E. Thorne. "Ice formation and solvent nanoconfinement in protein crystals." IUCrJ 6, no. 3 (2019): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519001878.

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Ice formation within protein crystals is a major obstacle to the cryocrystallographic study of protein structure, and has limited studies of how the structural ensemble of a protein evolves with temperature in the biophysically interesting range from ∼260 K to the protein–solvent glass transition near 200 K. Using protein crystals with solvent cavities as large as ∼70 Å, time-resolved X-ray diffraction was used to study the response of protein and internal solvent during rapid cooling. Solvent nanoconfinement suppresses freezing temperatures and ice-nucleation rates so that ice-free, low-mosai

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