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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ice crystals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ice crystals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Furukawa, Yoshinori. "Ice Crystals." Crystals 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100540.

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The special issue on “Ice Crystals” includes seven contributed papers, which give the wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. They focus on the interface structure of ice, the physical properties of hydrate crystals and the freezing properties of water controlled by antifreeze proteins. The present issue can be considered as a status report reviewing the research that has been made recently on ice crystals. These papers provide research information about the recent development of ice crystal research to readers.

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Svensson, Anders, Karen G. Schmidt, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Sigfús J. Johnsen, Yun Wang, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Thorsteinn Thorsteinsson. "Properties of ice crystals in NorthGRIP late- to middle-Holocene ice." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815636.

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AbstractDetailed measurements of crystal outlines and fabrics have been performed on 35 000 crystals in fifteen 10 × 20 cm2 vertical thin sections from the North Greenland Icecore Project (NorthGRIP) ice core, evenly distributed in the depth interval 115–880m. The crystals exhibit important changes over this period. As the ice gets older the mean crystal area increases towards a constant value, the shape of the crystals becomes increasingly irregular, and the area distribution of crystals develops from a single log-normal distribution into a bimodal lognormal distribution. The c-axis fabric of the ice shows a smooth development of an increasingly stronger vertical fabric with depth, and the formation of a weak vertical girdle. Already in the younger samples the fabric is rather strongly oriented towards vertical. The fabric and the area of individual crystals are found not to correlate. A simple model, which takes into account the vertical strain of the ice, is applied in an attempt to determine the crystal growth rate at NorthGRIP.

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Murray, Benjamin J., Christoph G. Salzmann, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Steven Dobbie, Ryan R. Neely, and Christopher J. Cox. "Trigonal Ice Crystals in Earth’s Atmosphere." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 1519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00128.1.

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Abstract We are all familiar with the hexagonal shape of snow and ice crystals, and it is well established that their sixfold symmetry is derived from the arrangement of water molecules in a hexagonal crystal structure. However, atmospheric ice crystals with only threefold rotational symmetry are often observed, which is inconsistent with the hexagonal crystal structure of ordinary ice. These crystals are found in a wide range of different cloud types ranging from upper-tropospheric cirrus to contrails and diamond dust and they form at temperatures ranging from about −84° to −5°C. Recent experimental studies of ice crystal structures have shown that ice under a wide range of atmospheric conditions does not always conform to the standard hexagonal crystal structure. Instead, sequences of the hexagonal structure can be interlaced with cubic sequences to create stacking-disordered ice. This degrades the symmetry of the crystal structure so that, instead of having a hexagonal structure, they have a trigonal structure with a corresponding threefold symmetry. Hence, this implies that atmospheric ice crystals with threefold symmetry are made of stacking-disordered ice. We conclude that the presence of trigonal crystals in the atmosphere is consistent with rare Parry arc halos and also show that they have distinct radiative properties compared with hexagonal ice.

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Sheridan, Lindsay M., Jerry Y. Harrington, Dennis Lamb, and Kara Sulia. "Influence of Ice Crystal Aspect Ratio on the Evolution of Ice Size Spectra during Vapor Depositional Growth." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 3732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3113.1.

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Abstract The relationship among aspect ratio, initial size, and the evolution of the size spectrum is explored for ice crystals growing by vapor deposition. Ice crystal evolution is modeled based on the growth of spheroids, and the ice size spectrum is predicted using a model that is Lagrangian in crystal size and aspect ratio. A dependence of crystal aspect ratio on initial size is discerned: more exaggerated shapes are shown to result when the initial crystals are small, whereas more isometric shapes are found to result from initially large crystals. This result is due to the nature of the vapor gradients in the vicinity of the crystal surface. The more rapid growth of the smaller crystals is shown to produce a period during which the size distribution narrows, followed by a broadening led by the initially smallest crystals. The degree of broadening is shown to depend strongly on the primary habit and hence temperature.

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New, William H. "Ice Crystals." Journal of Modern Literature 23, no. 3 (2000): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jml.2000.0013.

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K Schmidt, Karen Guldbæ, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen. "An ice crystal model for Jupiter’s moon Europa." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815735.

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AbstractA simple model for crystal growth in the ice shell of Europa has been made in order to estimate the size of ice crystals at Europa’s surface. If mass is lost from the surface of Europa due to sputtering processes, and the ice thickness is constant in time, ice crystals will be transported upwards in the ice shell. The crystals will therefore grow under varying conditions through the shell. The model predicts that ice crystals are 4 cm– 80 m across at the surface. For the preferred parameter values, a crystal size of the order of 7 m is calculated.

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Koch, Inka, Sean Fitzsimons, Denis Samyn, and Jean-Louis Tison. "Marine ice recycling at the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 228 (2015): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j095.

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AbstractMarine ice accretes at the base of ice shelves, often infilling open structural weaknesses and increasing ice-shelf stability. However, the timing and location of marine ice formation remain poorly understood. This study determines marine ice source water composition and origin by examining marine ice crystal morphology, water isotope and solute chemistry in ice samples collected from the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf (SMIS), Antarctica. The measured co-isotopic record together with the output of a freezing model for frazil crystals indicate a spatio-temporally varying water source of sea water and relatively fresher water, such as melted meteoric or marine ice. This is in agreement with the occurrence of primarily banded and granular ice crystal facies typical for frazil ice crystals that nucleate in a supercooled mixture of water masses. We propose that marine ice exposed at the surface of SMIS, which experiences summer melt, is routed to the ice-shelf base via the tide crack. Here frazil crystals nucleate in a double diffusion mechanism of heat and salt between two water masses at their salinity-dependent freezing point. Recycling of previously formed marine ice facilitates ice-shelf self-sustenance in a warming climate.

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Mo, Jingyi, Robert D. Groot, Graham McCartney, Enyu Guo, Julian Bent, Gerard van Dalen, Peter Schuetz, Peter Rockett, and Peter D. Lee. "Ice Crystal Coarsening in Ice Cream during Cooling: A Comparison of Theory and Experiment." Crystals 9, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060321.

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Ice cream is a complex multi-phase structure and its perceived quality is closely related to the small size of ice crystals in the product. Understanding the quantitative coarsening behaviour of ice crystals will help manufacturers optimise ice cream formulations and processing. Using synchrotron X-ray tomography, we measured the time-dependent coarsening (Ostwald ripening) of ice crystals in ice cream during cooling at 0.05 °C/min. The results show ice crystal coarsening is highly temperature dependent, being rapid from ca. −6 to −12 °C but significantly slower at lower temperatures. We developed a numerical model, based on established coarsening theory, to calculate the relationship between crystal diameter, cooling rate and the weight fraction of sucrose in solution. The ice crystal diameters predicted by the model are found to agree well with the measured values if matrix diffusion is assumed to be slowed by a factor of 1.2 due to the presence of stabilizers or high molecular weight sugars in the ice cream formulation.

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Adams, Edward E., and Daniel A. Miller. "Ice crystals grown from vapor onto an orientated substrate: application to snow depth-hoar development and gas inclusions in lake ice." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 164 (2003): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830953.

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AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted in which new ice crystals were nucleated from the vapor phase onto large existing ice crystals obtained from Antarctic lake ice. Flat, smooth ice-crystal surfaces were prepared, with c axes oriented either vertically or horizontally. When these were subjected to a supersaturated vapor environment, multiple individual crystals nucleated onto the substrates adopting the same crystallographic orientation as the parent. A dominant grain-growth scenario for kinetic-growth metamorphism in snow, which in some ways is analogous to the oriented morphologies in lake ice, is hypothesized. In the lake-ice-growth scenario, optimally oriented crystals will grow at the expense of those less preferentially positioned.The proposed dominant grain-growth theory for snow is in agreement with the observed decrease in the number of grains and the proximal similarity of crystal habit in kinetic-growth metamorphism in snow. Similarly, kinetic crystal growth on the interior of gas inclusions in Antarctic lake ice will also acquire the crystallographic orientation of the substrate ice. These small-faceted interior crystals significantly influence light scattering and penetration in the lake-ice cover.

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Shcherbakov, Valery, Jean-François Gayet, Brad Baker, and Paul Lawson. "Light Scattering by Single Natural Ice Crystals." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3690.1.

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Abstract During the South Pole Ice Crystal Experiment, angular scattering intensities (ASIs) of single ice crystals formed in natural conditions were measured for the first time with the polar nephelometer instrument. The microphysical properties of the ice crystals were simultaneously obtained with a cloud particle imager. The observations of the scattering properties of numerous ice crystals reveal high variability of the ASIs in terms of magnitude and distribution over scattering angles. To interpret observed ASI features, lookup tables were computed with a modified ray tracing code, which takes into account the optical geometry of the polar nephelometer. The numerical simulations consider a wide range of input parameters for the description of the ice crystal properties (particle orientation, aspect ratio, surface roughness, and internal inclusions). A new model of surface roughness, which assumes the Weibull statistics, was proposed. The simulations reproduce the overwhelming majority of the observed ASIs features and trace very well the quasi-specular reflection from crystal facets. The discrepancies observed between the model and the experimental data correspond to the rays, which pass through the ice crystal and are scattered toward the backward angles. This feature may be attributed to the internal structure of the ice crystals that should be considered in modeling refinements.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Bacon, Neil J. "Laboratory studies of the growth, sublimation, and light-scattering properties of single levitated ice particles /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9735.

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Baker, Kristina M. Verlinde Johannes. "Microwave scattering from melting ice crystals." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4465/index.html.

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Slaughterbeck, Clifford R. "Force microscopy of ice surfaces /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9670.

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Siow, Lee Fong, and n/a. "Cryostability of large unilamellar vesicles in relation to the effect of cryoprotective agents on ice matrix." University of Otago. Department of Food Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.110706.

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Freeze-injury at the plasma membrane level has been identified as being crucial for the survival of living matter. Since plasma membranes consist of several micro domains that make the structure rather complex, this study attempted to use simple model membranes to investigate the changes of phospholipid bilayers at sub-zero temperatures. Egg yolk L-α-phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) that mimic plasma membranes in their unique ways were used to prepare large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), which were the model membranes of this study. At cooling rates of 0.5 and 10�C/min, LUV were freeze-concentrated in the unfrozen matrix as a result of the advancing extraliposomal ice front and the decreasing phase volume of the unfrozen matrix, both of which led to membrane lesion. At the slow cooling rate of 0.5�C/min, an additional freezing stress imposed by the osmotic gradient across the bilayers, due to the increase of solute concentration in the unfrozen matrix, promoted leakage of LUV. The gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of phospholipids played an important role in determining if the LUV could withstand freezing stress when the LUV were held at a defined sub-zero temperature for a given period of holding time. EPC LUV were more leaky than DPPC LUV when they were held at the high sub-zero temperatures and their leakage increased with increasing holding time. The leakiness of EPC LUV could be related to the fluid and deformable nature of the EPC above its phase transition temperature. In contrast, DPPC LUV with a higher gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature compared to EPC may become increasingly fragile at lower sub-zero temperatures, which led to the increase of leakage when the DPPC LUV were held at the lower sub-zero temperatures. These results indicated that the determination of the fatty acid profile of the plasma membranes was essential to aid in developing the most suitable holding temperature and time during the cryopreservation of biological specimens. Adding to the integrity of LUV that depended on the gel-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of phospholipids, intraliposomal ice formation also depended on the phase transition temperature of phospholipids. Intraliposomal ice formation was only observed for DPPC LUV but not for EPC LUV. In addition to the extraliposomal ice formation, other physical changes such as the eutectic crystallization of sodium chloride (NaCl) and ice mixture on the stability of LUV were also investigated. The eutectic crystallization of NaCl/ice mixture was governed by the intra- and extraliposomal distribution of NaCl and was more likely to occur at the physiological NaCl concentrations compared to lower NaCl concentrations. The eutectic crystallization of NaCl/ice mixture further increased the leakage of LUV. The understanding of the freezing behaviour and the mechanisms of freeze-injury of LUV allowed the use of the current model membranes for further investigations of the cryoprotective actions of cryoprotective agents (CPA). Partial phase diagrams of sugar-salt-water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-salt-water and ethylene glycol (EG)-salt-water systems that resembled extraliposomal solute compositions were constructed and the phase volume of ice and unfrozen matrix was estimated from the freezing curves. Ice reduction was the major mechanism by which the non-permeable and permeable CPA protected the LUV from freeze-injury. Other cryoprotective mechanisms of the non-permeable and permeable CPA through the dilution and spacing out of the LUV in the unfrozen matrix as well as the suppression of the eutectic crystallization of NaCl/ice mixture were not ruled out. Non-permeable CPA were more effective in preventing leakage of DPPC than EPC LUV. Unlike the non-permeable CPA, permeable CPA were more effective for EPC than DPPC LUV that had been subjected to freezing and thawing processes. At room temperature, however, DMSO and EG were detrimental to the stability of DPPC LUV. The choice of CPA is strictly dependent on the type of phospholipids that varied in their acyl chain length and phase transition temperature. In summary, this study provides insights of the freeze-injury of LUV and the cryoprotective mechanisms of the non-permeable and permeable CPA which are beneficial to the field of cryopreservation that often depends on empirical trial and error methods. By integrating a comprehensive molecular-based understanding, an optimal cryopreservation procedure could be designed.

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Newyear, Karl D. "A comparison of theory with laboratory and field observations of wave propagation in grease ice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11057.

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Ritter, Georg. "The growth and morphology of small ice crystals in a diffusion chamber." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16329.

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Small water ice crystals are the main component of cold tropospheric clouds such as cirrus. Because these clouds cover large areas of our planet, their role in the radiation budget of incoming and outgoing radiation to the planet's surface is important. At present, the representation of these clouds in climate and weather models is subject to improvements: a large part of the uncertainty error stems from the lack of precise micro-physical and radiation model schemes for ice crystal clouds. To improve the cloud representations, a better understanding of the life time dynamics of the clouds and their composition is necessary, comprising a detailed understanding of the ice particle genesis, and development over their lifetime. It is especially important to understand how the development of ice crystals over time is linked to the changes in observable variables such as water vapour content and temperature and how they change the light scattering properties of the crystals. Recent remote and aircraft based in-situ measurements have shown that many ice particles show a light scattering behaviour typical for crystals having rough surfaces or being of complex geometrical shapes. The aim of this thesis was to develop the experimental setup and experiments to investigate this further by studying the surface morphology of small water ice crystals using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experiments I developed study the growth of water ice crystals inside an SEM chamber under controlled environmental conditions. The influence of water vapour supersaturation, pressure and temperature is investigated. I demonstrate how to retrieve the surface topology from observed crystals for use as input to computational light scattering codes to derive light scattering phase functions and asymmetry parameters, which can be used as input into atmospheric models. Difficulties with the method for studying the growth of water ice crystals, such as the effect of the electron beam-gas ionization and charging effects, the problem of facilitating repeated and localized ice growth, and the effect of radiative influences on the crystal growth are discussed. A broad set of nucleation target materials is studied. In a conclusion, I demonstrate that the method is suitable to study the surface morphologies, but is experimentally very challenging and many precautions must be taken, such as imaging only once and preventing radiative heat exchange between the chamber walls and the crystals to avoid unwanted effects on the crystal morphology. It is also left as a question if a laboratory experiment, where crystals will need to be grown in connection to a substrate, can represent the real world well enough. Deriving the required light scattering data in-situ might be an alternative, easier way to collect data for modelling use.

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Zhang, Zhibo. "Computation of the scattering properties of nonspherical ice crystals." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1267.

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This thesis is made up of three parts on the computation of scattering properties of nonspherical particles in the atmosphere. In the first part, a new crystal type-droxtal-is introduced to make a better representation of the shape of small ice crystals in the uppermost portions of midlatitude and tropical cirrus clouds. Scattering properties of droxtal ice crystals are investigated by using the Improved-Geometric Optic (IGO) method. At the visible wavelength, due to the presence of the hexagonal structure, all elements of the phase matrix of droxtal ice crystals share some common features with hexagonal ice crystals, such as 220 and 460 halos. In the second part of this thesis, the possibility of enhancing the performance of current Anomalous Diffraction Theory (ADT) is investigated. In conventional ADT models, integrations are usually carried out in the domain of the particle projection. By transforming the integration domain to the domain of scaled projectile length, the algorithm of conventional ADT models is enhanced. Because the distribution of scaled projectile length is independent of the particle's physical size as long as the shape remains the same, the new algorithm is especially efficient for the calculation of a large number of particles with the same shape but different sizes. Finally, in the third part, the backscattering properties of nonspherical ice crystals at the 94GHz frequency are studied by employing the Finite-Difference Time- Domain (FDTD) method. The most important factor that controls the backscattering cross section is found to be the ratio of the volume-equal radius to the maximum dimension of the ice crystal. Substantial differences in backscattering cross sections are found between horizontal orientated and randomly oriented ice crystals. An analytical formula is derived for the relationship between the ice water (IWC) content and the radar reflectivity ( e Z ). It is shown that a change to the concentration of ice crystals without any changes on the size distribution or particle habits leads only to a linear e Z IWC - relationship. The famous power law e Z IWC - relationship is the result of the shift of the peak of particle size distribution.

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Bacer, Sara [Verfasser]. "Global numerical simulations of atmospheric ice crystals / Sara Bacer." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187868744/34.

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Tymkovych, M. Y., О. Г. Аврунін, O. Gryshkov, K. G. Selivanova, V. Mutsenko, and B. Glasmacher. "Multiscale quantitative analysis of microscopic images of ice crystals." Thesis, The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/9879.

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It was analyzed multiple images. The results in the first approximation show a 2-fold increase in speed when using our implementation of active contours. At the same time, the segmented areas of crystals correspond to the approach without the use of multi-scale image representation.

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Thorsteinsson, Throstur. "Anisotropy of ice Ih : development of fabric and effects of anisotropy on deformation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6844.

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Books on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Dorland, Frank. Holy ice: Bridge to the subconscious. St. Paul, Minn: Galde Press, 1992.

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2

Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn. Textures and fabrics in the GRIP ice core, in relation to climate history and ice deformation. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The effects of small ice crystals on the infrared radiative properties of cirrus clouds. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Emoto, Masaru. The hidden messages in water. Hillsboro, Or: Beyond Words Pub., 2004.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. General equations for the motions of ice crystals and water drops in gravitational and electric fields. Bruxelles: Institut d'aeronomie spatiale de Belgique, 1988.

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Hallett, John. Final report, nucleation and growth of crystals under cirrus and polar stratospheric cloud conditions (NASA grant no. NAG-W-2572. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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W, Sommer Anton F., Kepler Johannes 1571-1630, Kepler Johannes 1571-1630, and Kepler Johannes 1571-1630, eds. (1) Strena, sive, De nive sexangula (1611) ; (2) Sidereus nuncius (1653) ; (3) Dialogus de calendario gregoriano (1726). Wien: Im Selbstverlag, 2006.

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Joyce, Chou, Welch Ronald M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Relationship between cirrus particle size and cloud top temperature. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Joyce, Chou, Welch Ronald M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Relationship between cirrus particle size and cloud top temperature. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Jackson, Susan Margaret. The crystal structure of ice XI. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Wilson, Eric G. "Crystals." In The Spiritual History of Ice, 7–69. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981806_2.

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Borghese, Ferdinando, Paolo Denti, and Rosalba Saija. "Applications: Atmospheric Ice Crystals." In Physics of Earth and Space Environments, 207–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05330-0_8.

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Pegg, David E. "Ice Crystals in Tissues and Organs." In The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation, 117–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5469-7_7.

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Shirai, Yoshihito, Kazuhiro Nakanishi, and Ryuichi Matsuno. "Ice Crystals Agglomerated in Freeze Concentration." In Developments in Food Engineering, 391–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_123.

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Rahman, Anika T., Yasushi Ohyama, Sakae Tsuda, and Hidemasa Kondo. "Evaluation of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition of Ice-Binding Proteins by Monitoring Specific Ice Crystals." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 93–100. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_6.

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Mason, B. J. "The Nucleation and Growth of Ice Crystals." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 226–32. Washington D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm005p0226.

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Hallgren, R. E., and C. L. Hosler. "Preliminary Results on the Aggregation of Ice Crystals." In Geophysical Monograph Series, 257–63. Washington D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm005p0257.

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Macke, Andreas. "Spectral Variability of Light Scattering by Atmospheric Ice Crystals." In High Spectral Resolution Infrared Remote Sensing for Earth’s Weather and Climate Studies, 191–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84599-4_13.

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Nilamdeen, Shezad, and David Switchenko. "Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystals Growth in Turbofan Engines." In Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing, 643–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33845-8_22.

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Nilamdeen, Shezad, and David Switchenko. "Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystals Growth in Turbofan Engines." In Handbook of Numerical Simulation of In-Flight Icing, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64725-4_22-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Tape, Walter. "Ice Crystals and Halos in Fairbanks, Alaska Ice Crystals and Halos at the South Pole." In Meteorological Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mo.1986.tha4.

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During low level halo displays ice crystals in the atmosphere were collected and photographed. The halos were also photographed. The observed crystal shapes are used as inputs for theoretical computer simulations of the halo displays. Input crystal orientations are chosen to produce halo simulations approximating the observed displays. Especially when the crystal samples are homogeneous, one can sometimes learn the falling modes of the crystals. Also, the observed crystals and halos provide a test of the simulation predictions.

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2

Neuteboom, Martin, Eric Fleurent-Wilson, and Jennifer Chalmers. "Comparison of Freeze-Out versus Grind-Out Ice Crystals for Generating Ice Accretion Using the ICE-MACR." In International Conference on Icing of Aircraft, Engines, and Structures. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1418.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the introduction of ice crystal icing certification requirements [<span class="xref">1</span>], icing facilities have played an important role in demonstrating compliance of aircraft air data probes, engine probes, and increasingly, of turbine engines. Most sea level engine icing facilities use the freezing-out of a water spray to simulate ice crystal icing conditions encountered at altitude by an aircraft in flight. However, there are notable differences in the ice particles created by freeze-out versus those observed at altitude [<span class="xref">2</span>, <span class="xref">3</span>, <span class="xref">4</span>]. Freeze-out crystals are generally spherical as compared to altitude crystals which have variable crystalline shapes. Additionally, freeze-out particles may not completely freeze in their centres, creating a combination of super-cooled liquid and ice impacting engine hardware. An alternative method for generating ice crystals in a test facility is the grinding of ice blocks or cubes to create irregular shaped crystals. These grind-out particles have a different morphology to atmospheric crystals. but are fully glaciated and their irregular shapes may better approximate the fracture dynamics of atmospheric crystals when impacting engine hardware. The National Research Council (NRC), in collaboration with Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA), have studied the differences between using freeze-out generated ice crystals and grind-out ice crystals to generate ice accretion in a compressor rig: the ice-crystal environment-modular axial compressor rig (ICE-MACR) in the NRC’s altitude icing wind tunnel (AIWT). Comparison of the freestream ice crystal morphologies is presented as well as the fractured particle characteristics downstream of a two-stage compressor within the compressor annulus. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made of the accretion behaviour resulting from the two ice-crystal generating methods. It was found that while particle morphology differs considerably between freeze-out and grind-out before rotor impact, fractured particle size and accretion within the rig was similar for both methods for the limited range of overlapping conditions that could be produced in the test facility.</div></div>

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3

Li, Z. M., and X. F. Peng. "Mutation Growth of Ice Crystal During Frost Formation." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56298.

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Frost formation on flat cold surfaces was experimentally investigated, particularly the dynamic process was visually observed. During test runs, a plastic film was used to separate the cold surface from moist air, and formation of ice crystals was observed using microscope visualization technique as the film was removed and the cold surface reached to a specified temperature. In crystal growth stage of frost formation, a new phenomenon was found during ice crystal growth process. A layer of irregular crystal embryos was formed at the earlier stage, and these crystal embryos vanished when ice crystals with regular form grew up along nicks on the plate. And then, ice crystals on the plate kept growing slowly, while the area without ice crystals kept clean. This process is divided into three stages: formation of crystal embryos, mutation of ice crystals, and growth of ice crystal. Duration times of the first two stages seemed to be constant for different cases.

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4

Naats, Edward I., Anatoli G. Borovoi, and Ulrich G. Oppel. "Backscattering by hexagonal ice crystals." In Fifth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, edited by Vladimir E. Zuev and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.337006.

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5

Dezitter, Fabien, Alice Grandin, Jean-Louis Brenguier, Franck Hervy, Hans Schlager, Philippe Villedieu, and Gilles Zalamansky. "HAIC - High Altitude Ice Crystals." In 5th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2674.

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6

Nilamdeen, Shezad, Wagdi Habashi, Martin Aubé, and Guido Baruzzi. "FENSAP-ICE: Modeling of Water Droplets and Ice Crystals." In 1st AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4128.

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7

Pluchino, Antonino. "Observations of Halo Scattering From Single Ice Crystals." In Meteorological Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mo.1986.tha5.

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Ice crystal haloes surrounding the sun and moon are a common sight. The most frequently observed halo occurs at 22°; a less frequent occurrence is the 46° halo. Also, rings of unusual radii have been seen and recorded. Although some are very rare phenomena, a host of other haloes, i.e., parahelia, arcs, pillars, the circumscribed halo, etc, have been observed. A comprehensive theory that encompasses all of these light-ice crystals interactions does not yet exist. Until a practical calculational method is developed, we have to rely totally on empirical evidence.

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8

Tape, Walter. "Pyramidal Ice Crystals and Odd Radius Halos." In Light and Color in the Open Air. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.thd1.

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The halo literature contains many reports of circular halos having radii other than the usual values of 22° and 46°.1 Such odd radius halos are supposed to form by refraction and reflection of sunlight in pyramidal ice crystals, that is, in crystals having pyramidal faces instead of, or in addition to, the usual prism and basal faces. In this talk I will review some photographic evidence for the existence of odd radius halos and pyramidal crystals, and I will use computer simulations to reexamine the classical explanation of odd radius halos. I find no doubt regarding the existence of odd radius halos and pyramidal crystals. And the basic model of refraction and reflection in pyramidal crystals seems entirely justified, but classical predictions are significantly qualified and extended by the results of the simulations.

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9

Foster, T., and John Hallett. "Ice crystals produced by expansion - Experiments related to aircraft-produced ice." In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-541.

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10

Ryzhkov, A., and D. Zrnic. "Polarimetric signatures of ice crystals in clouds." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.702929.

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Reports on the topic "Ice crystals"

1

Colbeck, Samuel C. The Slow Growth of Ice Crystals in Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251864.

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2

Peter Wilson, Peter Wilson. Can ocean spray seed ice crystals in clouds? Experiment, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/22092.

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3

Arienti, Marco, Xiaoyuan Yang, Adrian M. Kopacz, and Manfred Geier. A Study of the Optical Properties of Ice Crystals with Black Carbon Inclusions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221862.

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4

Maruyama, Reina, Karsten Heeger, Zachary Pierpoint, Walter Pettus, Benjamin Broerman, Chris Hilgenberg, and David Webber. T-1020 NaI crystal test for DM-Ice. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1037799.

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5

Glushko, E. Ya, and A. N. Stepanyuk. Pneumatic photonic crystals: properties and application in sensing and metrology. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2875.

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A pneumatic photonic crystal i.e. a medium containing regularly distributed gas-filled voids divided by elastic walls is proposed as an optical indicator of pressure and temperature. The indicator includes layered elastic platform, optical fibers and switching valves, all enclosed into a chamber. We have investigated theoretically distribution of deformation and pressure inside a pneumatic photonic crystal, its bandgap structure and light reflection changes depending on external pressure and temperature.

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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emily Jeng, Emma Ambrogi, Garrett Hoch, and Jason Olivier. Investigations into the ice crystallization and freezing properties of the antifreeze protein ApAFP752. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45620.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) allow biological organisms, including insects, fish, and plants, to survive in freezing temperatures. While in solution, AFPs impart cryoprotection by creating a thermal hysteresis (TH), imparting ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), and providing dynamic ice shaping (DIS). To leverage these ice-modulating effects of AFPs in other scenarios, a range of icing assays were performed with AFPs to investigate how AFPs interact with ice formation when tethered to a surface. In this work, we studied ApAFP752, an AFP from the beetle Anatolica polita, and first investigated whether removing the fusion protein attached during protein expression would result in a difference in freezing behavior. We performed optical microscopy to examine ice-crystal shape, micro-structure, and the recrystallization behavior of frozen droplets of AFP solutions. We developed a surface chemistry approach to tether these proteins to glass surfaces and conducted droplet-freezing experiments to probe the interactions of these proteins with ice formed on those surfaces. In solution, ApAFP752 did not show any DIS or TH, but it did show IRI capabilities. In surface studies, the freezing of AFP droplets on clean glass surfaces showed no dependence on concentration, and the results from freezing water droplets on AFP-decorated surfaces were inconclusive.

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Shaw, Raymond A. Laboratory Investigation of Contact Freezing and the Aerosol to Ice Crystal Transformation Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1162184.

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8

Wood, Caleb. The Power of Water: Examining Ice Crystal Nucleation’s Impact on Cloud Thermodynamic Properties. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1474.

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9

Eloranta, Edwin. Combined High Spectral Resolution Lidar and Millimeter Wavelength Radar Measurement of Ice Crystal Precipitation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330339.

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10

Adibi, Ali. An ICP Etching Tool for Accurate Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada450957.

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