Relevant bibliographies by topics / ICAL

Academic literature on the topic 'ICAL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ICAL"

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Alvarez, J. L., and G. Vassort. "Properties of the low threshold Ca current in single frog atrial cardiomyocytes. A comparison with the high threshold Ca current." Journal of General Physiology 100, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 519–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.100.3.519.

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The properties of the low threshold Ca current (ICaT) in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) isolated atrial cardiomyocytes were studied using the whole-cell recording patch-clamp technique and compared with those of the high threshold Ca current (ICaL). In 91% of atrial cells we observed both ICaT and ICaL when collagenase and trypsin were used to dissociate the cells. But when pronase was used, only 30% of the cells exhibited ICaT. ICaT was never found in ventricular cells. ICaT could be investigated more easily when ICaL was inhibited by Cd ions (50 microM). Its kinetics were unchanged by substituting Ba for Ca, or in the presence of high concentrations of Ba. Both ICaT and ICaL exhibited reduced inactivation after high depolarizing prepulses. ICaT was found to be sensitive to dihydropyridines: 1 microM nifedipine decreased this current while 1 microM BAY K 8644 increased it; this occurred without significant variations in the steady-state inactivation curve. ICaT was more sensitive than ICaL to alpha 1-adrenergic and P2-purinergic stimulations, while ICaL was more sensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Isoproterenol was still able to increase ICaT in the presence of high intracellular cAMP. Both currents were increased by 1 microM ouabain (although ICaL only transiently) and decreased by 10 microM ouabain. It is concluded that the two types of Ca channels can be observed in bullfrog atrial cells and that they are specifically altered by pharmacological agents and neuromediators. This may have implications for cardiac behavior.
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Béhé, P., J. A. DeSimone, P. Avenet, and B. Lindemann. "Membrane currents in taste cells of the rat fungiform papilla. Evidence for two types of Ca currents and inhibition of K currents by saccharin." Journal of General Physiology 96, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 1061–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.96.5.1061.

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Taste buds were isolated from the fungiform papilla of the rat tongue and the receptor cells (TRCs) were patch clamped. Seals were obtained on the basolateral membrane of 281 TRCs, protruding from the intact taste buds or isolated by micro-dissection. In whole-cell configuration 72% of the cells had a TTX blockable transient Na inward current (mean peak amplitude 0.74 nA). All cells had outward K currents. Their activation was slower than for the Na current and a slow inactivation was also noticeable. The K currents were blocked by tetraethylammonium, Ba, and 4-aminopyridine, and were absent when the pipette contained Cs instead of K. With 100 mM Ba or 100 mM Ca in the bath, two types of inward current were observed. An L-type Ca current (ICaL) activated at -20 mV had a mean peak amplitude of 440 pA and inactivated very slowly. At 3 mM Ca the activation threshold of ICaL was near -40 mV. A transient T-type current (ICaT) activated at -50 mV had an average peak amplitude of 53 pA and inactivated with a time constant of 36 ms at -30 mV. ICaL was blocked more efficiently by Cd and D600 than ICaT. ICaT was blocked by 0.2 mM Ni and half blocked by 200 microM amiloride. In whole-cell voltage clamp, Na-saccharin caused (in 34% of 55 cells tested) a decrease in outward K currents by 21%, which may be expected to depolarize the TRCs. Also, Na-saccharin caused some taste cells to fire action potentials (on-cell, 7 out of 24 cells; whole-cell, 2 out of 38 cells responding to saccharin) of amplitudes sufficient to activate ICaL. Thus the action potentials will cause Ca inflow, which may trigger release of transmitter.
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Vishnyakova, A. Yu, A. B. Berdalin, D. A. Golovin, S. E. Lelyuk, and V. G. Lelyuk. "Similarities and differences in ultrasound of extracranial brachiocephalic atherosclerotic lesions in patients with ischemic anterior and posterior circulation stroke." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 20, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2437.

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Aim. To establish similarities and differences in ultrasound of extracranial brachiocephalic atherosclerotic lesions in patients with ischemic anterior and posterior circulation stroke.Material and methods. The study involved 668 patients (men, 370; women, 298) with carotid territory IS aged 63±11 and 69±9 years, respectively, and 235 patients (men, 129; women, 106) with vertebrobasilar (VB) territory IS aged 59±12 and 63±10 years, respectively, who underwent duplex ultrasound.Results. Atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in the internal carotid arteries (ICA) were diagnosed significantly more often (p<0,05) (right ICA (ICAr) — 44,0% of cases; left ICA (ICAl) — 48,4%) and the degree of stenosis of ICA mouths was significantly higher (p<0,05) (ICAr —53±23%, ICAl — 54±24%) in carotid territory IS than in VB territory IS (ICAr — 34,0% of cases; average degree of stenosis — 47±18%; ICAl — 33,6%, average degree of stenosis — 46±18%. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of ASP in vertebral arteries and related stenosis in IS in both territories. Also, there were no significant intergroup differences in the prevalence of homogeneous anechoic or hypoechoic and heterogeneous with hypoechoic predominance ASPs in the ICA mouths: in carotid territory IS, such ASPs were detected in each ICA in 33,5% of cases; in VB territory IS, in 29,6% of cases.Conclusion. In patients with carotid and VB territory IS, risky ASPs were recorded with the same frequency, while the overall prevalence of ASPs and the stenosis degree of ICA mouths was significantly higher in carotid IS.
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Avila, Guillermo, Irma M. Medina, Esperanza Jiménez, Guillermo Elizondo, and Citlalli I. Aguilar. "Transforming growth factor-β1 decreases cardiac muscle L-type Ca2+ current and charge movement by acting on the Cav1.2 mRNA." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292, no. 1 (January 2007): H622—H631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00781.2006.

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Transforming growth factors-β (TGF-βs) are essential to the structural remodeling seen in cardiac disease and development; however, little is known about potential electrophysiological effects. We hypothesized that chronic exposure (6–48 h) of primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to the type 1 TGF-β (TGF-β1, 5 ng/ml) may affect voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Thus we investigated T- ( ICaT) and L-type ( ICaL) Ca2+ currents, as well as dihydropyridine-sensitive charge movement using the whole cell patch-clamp technique and quantified CaV1.2 mRNA levels by real-time PCR assay. In ventricular myocytes, TGF-β1 did not exert significant electrophysiological effects. However, in atrial myocytes, TGF-β1 reduced both ICaL and charge movement (55% at 24–48 h) without significantly altering ICaT, cell membrane capacitance, or channel kinetics (voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, as well as the activation and inactivation rates). Reductions of ICaL and charge movement were explained by concomitant effects on the maximal values of L-channels conductance ( Gmax) and charge movement (Qmax). Thus TGF-β1 selectively reduces the number of functional L-channels on the surface of the plasma membrane in atrial but not ventricular myocytes. The TGF-β1-induced ICaL reduction was unaffected by supplementing intracellular recording solutions with okadaic acid (2 μM) or cAMP (100 μM), two compounds that promote L-channel phosphorylation. This suggests that the decreased number of functional L-channels cannot be explained by a possible regulation in the L-channels phosphorylation state. Instead, we found that TGF-β1 decreases the expression levels of atrial CaV1.2 mRNA (70%). Thus TGF-β1 downregulates atrial L-channel expression and may be therefore contributing to the in vivo cardiac electrical remodeling.
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Larochelle, Stéphane. "KRIT-ical interactions." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 20, no. 2 (February 2013): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2513.

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Kousha, Jafar, and ali pourhasan sangari. "ical criminal law." Journal of Law Research 22, no. 87 (November 1, 2019): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/lawresearch.22.87.101.

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Treinys, Rimantas, Giedrius Kanaporis, Rodolphe Fischmeister, and Jonas Jurevičius. "Metabolic Inhibition Induces Transient Increase of L-type Ca2+ Current in Human and Rat Cardiac Myocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061501.

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Metabolic inhibition is a common condition observed during ischemic heart disease and heart failure. It is usually accompanied by a reduction in L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) activity. In this study, however, we show that metabolic inhibition results in a biphasic effect on LTCC current (ICaL) in human and rat cardiac myocytes: an initial increase of ICaL is observed in the early phase of metabolic inhibition which is followed by the more classical and strong inhibition. We studied the mechanism of the initial increase of ICaL in cardiac myocytes during β-adrenergic stimulation by isoprenaline, a non-selective agonist of β-adrenergic receptors. The whole-cell patch–clamp technique was used to record the ICaL in single cardiac myocytes. The initial increase of ICaL was induced by a wide range of metabolic inhibitors (FCCP, 2,4-DNP, rotenone, antimycin A). In rat cardiomyocytes, the initial increase of ICaL was eliminated when the cells were pre-treated with thapsigargin leading to the depletion of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Similar results were obtained when Ca2+ release from the SR was blocked with ryanodine. These data suggest that the increase of ICaL in the early phase of metabolic inhibition is due to a reduced calcium dependent inactivation (CDI) of LTCCs. This was further confirmed in human atrial myocytes where FCCP failed to induce the initial stimulation of ICaL when Ca2+ was replaced by Ba2+, eliminating CDI of LTCCs. We conclude that the initial increase in ICaL observed during the metabolic inhibition in human and rat cardiomyocytes is a consequence of an acute reduction of Ca2+ release from SR resulting in reduced CDI of LTCCs.
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Brette, Fabien, Alain Lacampagne, Laurent Sallé, Ian Findlay, and Jean-Yves Le Guennec. "Intracellular Cs+ activates the PKA pathway, revealing a fast, reversible, Ca2+-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca2+ current." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 285, no. 2 (August 2003): C310—C318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00368.2002.

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Inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current ( ICaL) was studied in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes with different ionic solutions. Under basal conditions, ICaL of 82% of cells infused with Cs+-based intracellular solutions showed enhanced amplitude with multiphasic decay and diastolic depolarization-induced facilitation. The characteristics of ICaL in this population of cells were not due to contamination by other currents or an artifact. These phenomena were reduced by ryanodine, caffeine, cyclopiazonic acid, the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. Forskolin and isoproterenol increased ICaL by only ∼60% in these cells. Cells infused with either N-methyl-d-glucamine or K+-based intracellular solutions did not show multiphasic decay or facilitation under basal conditions. Isoproterenol increased ICaL by ∼200% in these cells. In conclusion, we show that multiphasic inactivation of ICaL is due to Ca2+-dependent inactivation that is reversible on a time scale of tens of milliseconds. Cs+ seems to activate the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway when used as a substitute for K+ in the pipette solution.
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Ullrich, Nina D., Andree Krust, Peter Collins, and Kenneth T. MacLeod. "Genomic deletion of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ does not alter estrogen-mediated inhibition of Ca2+ influx and contraction in murine cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 6 (June 2008): H2421—H2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01225.2007.

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Estrogens modify contraction of vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes, but suggestions that they confer protective effects on the cardiovascular system remain controversial. The negative inotropic effects of estrogens are a consequence of L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that membrane-associated estrogen receptors (ER)-α and -β are involved. We measured the effect of estrogens on Ca2+ current ( ICaL) in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes of wild-type (WT), ERα knockout (ERαKO), and ERβKO mice using the whole cell patch-clamp technique at 37°C. No differences in current densities or inactivation profiles of ICaL were found under control conditions in WT, ERαKO, and ERβKO cardiomyocytes, suggesting that absence of either ER has no effect on functional properties of ICaL. In all groups, application of raloxifene (2 μM) or 17α- or 17β-estradiol (50 μM) reduced ICaL ( P < 0.001). Raloxifene decreased ICaL by 44 ± 9% (mean ± SE) in WT ( n = 5), 34 ± 5% in ERαKO ( n = 5), and 30 ± 5% in ERβKO mice ( n = 8). 17α-Estradiol reduced ICaL by 41 ± 10% in WT ( n = 4), 34 ± 12% in ERαKO ( n = 7), and 38 ± 8% in ERβKO mice ( n = 7). 17β-Estradiol inhibited ICaL by 31 ± 4% in WT ( n = 4), 28 ± 6% in ERαKO ( n = 3), and 42 ± 3% in ERβKO mice ( n = 5). Decreases in cell shortening occurred in parallel with these findings. Our results suggest that inhibition of ICaL and the decrease in contraction by estrogens do not depend on ERα or ERβ.
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Satyanarayana, B., S. R. Bharathi, Pandi Chinnappan, V. M. Datar, Mamta Jangra, Jim John, S. R. Joshi, et al. "Cosmic Muon Veto for the mini-ICAL detector at IICHEP, Madurai." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012034.

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A 51-kiloton magnetised Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector, using Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active detector elements, aims to study atmospheric neutrinos. A prototype - 1/600 of the weight of ICAL, called mini-ICAL was installed in the INO transit campus at Madurai. A modest proof-of-principle cosmic muon veto detector of about 1 m × 1 m × 0.3 m dimensions was setup a few years ago, using scintillator paddles. The measured cosmic muon veto efficiency of 99.98% and simulation studies of muon-induced background events in the ICAL detector surrounded by an efficient veto detector were promising. This led to the idea of constructing a bigger cosmic muon veto around the mini-ICAL detector. Details of the design and construction of the detector including the electronics, trigger and DAQ systems planned will be briefly presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ICAL"

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Lee, Sin K. "The application of the segmentation method in the design of compact single-feed circularly and linearly polarised microstrip patch antennas." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/14/.

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This thesis presents the application of coplanar circuit analysis in the design of compact single-feed circularly polarised (CP) and linearly polarised (LP) microstrip patch antennas. A CP nearly square patch antenna and a CP truncated corners square patch antenna are designed. Also a LP U-slot rectangular patch antenna is designed. In order to obtain a faster computational run-time, coplanar circuit analysis and segmentation method are applied for the impedance calculations. The coupling and self impedance formulas for both rectangular and right-angled isosceles triangular segments are given. Explicit formulas for the coupling impedance between a perimeter port and a probe port, and also the probe self impedance on both of these segments are new and are derived in detail. A CP nearly square patch antenna is designed using both the cavity and equivalent circuit models. New and simple design equations are derived to determine the dimensions of the patch with a feed in any given position. For a microstrip feed offset from a corner of the patch, the area of perturbation segment is increased which reduces the effect of manufacturing errors. A simple matching network consisting of a short length of microstrip line is designed to achieve a more compact form of the matched antenna. The results obtained from both models are good agreement. A CP truncated corners square patch antenna with a microstrip feed offset from the centre is presented. In previous work the design is a feed along the centre line and the areas of the deleted segments are very small so the performance of the antenna is very sensitive to manufacturing errors. Hence an offset feed is proposed in order to increase the perturbation area and so reduce the effect of the manufacturing errors. The segmentation method is used for which a new explicit matrix input impedance formula is derived. The impedance formula requires a computer run time less than half that required by simulation (full-wave software, Ansoft Ensemble). The change in area of the perturbed segment and input impedance with the microstrip offset feed position is examined. A compromise offset feed position was chosen so as to maximise the area of the perturbation segment and achieve good impedance matching for a compact antenna structure. A LP probe feed U-slot rectangular patch is designed and the input impedance is determined. A set of initial design equation is used to produce a first-pass design. In applying segmentation method a new explicit input impedance formula for the antenna is derived. The basic system of eleven coplanar circuit equations is reduced to seven equivalent circuit equations from which the explicit impedance formula is derived. The dimensions of the patch are adjusted to give good impedance matching. In respect of computational efficiency, the run time of the new matrix input impedance formula is at least 10 times faster than is required by simulation. A thicker substrate is also used in order to improve the bandwidth. The predicted, simulated and measured results of the above three compact patch antennas are in good agreement. Mathcad programming is used to implement the design calculations of the compact patch antennas.
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Grahn, Margaretha. "Musernas viskningar förr och nu : En studie av det musiska och inriktningen musiskt lärande. En teoretisk analys samt ett empiriskt bidrag från lärarutbildningen." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6055.

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The purpose of the present thesis is twofold; the first part comprises a theoretical analysis of the concept muse-ical in an attempt to describe similarities and differences between the concepts muse-ical and aesthetic and furthermore, to identify the distinguishing features of a muse-ical approach and a muse-ical program. The second part of the thesis reports on an empirical study among student teachers who have chosen to study the program Muse-ical Learning. They have been interviewed about their experiences and impressions of this new program. More specifically they have been given questions pertaining to museical, aesthetic, artistic, scholarly learning, sensory experiences, talent and finally how they conceive of the role of muse-ical learning in school and in society at large and what notions they have of their future work as teachers in the field. The first part is an analysis based on selected previous writings and research regarding the concepts muse-ical and aesthetic/esthetical. The approach taken to this reading is mainly hermeneutical. The second part of the thesis aims at describing how a group of student teachers experience museical learning. Data have been gathered by in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The aim of the analysis has been to emphasise qualitative differences in the ways the informants experience the phenomena actualised in the interviews. The approach in the analysis is, mainly, phenomenographic. The group of informants comprise 20 student teachers, which is about half of all students in the pioneer cohort of the program. Every student was interviewed individually in sessions that had a typical duration of 40-45 minutes. The interviews were transcribed in extenso by the author. In a historical perspective the origins of muse-ical can be traced back to antique Greece and the nine muses that were given to mankind by the gods. The ancient Greeks realised that artistic and intellectual activities are mutually dependent on each other. A further function of the muses, to care for the collective, social memory, seems also to have been forgotten in our time. Muse-ical activities also have to be combined with rhythm and harmony to get their ultimate form. This fact reflects the Greek conviction that order is a significant aspect of beauty. (Cosmos). Greeks aimed for a balance between the vivacious and engaging of Dionysus and the more strict and ordered of Apollo. One confusing circumstance in Plato´s texts concerning the word muse-ical is the translation of mousiké to mean music which is the case in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and English. It makes a great difference whether our children are to be fostered in mousiké i.e. the arts of the muses and gymnastics or only in music and gymnastics. My conclusion is that Plato was of the opinion that the young should be fostered in mousiké and gymnastics. The word muse-ical appears in educational contexts during the mid 1920ies in Germany, when the sociologist Hans Freyer introduced the term. Muse-ical education is, in consonance with the ideas from ancient Greece, an integration of poetry, music and rhythmic movements. My conclusion from the theoretical analyses is that the muse-ical domain should be understood as an approach to learning that is based on: • A holistic attitude aiming at a balance between “hand, heart and brain”. • Time for reflection. • Muse-ical activities that give opportunities for applying different forms of expression, e.g. activities that comprise movement, sound, colour, form and drama. • Play is an important component. • The learner is the main actor. • The muse-ical perspective is superordinate to disciplinary categories of knowledge. • The muse-ical perspective should not be translated into a rigorous method. Teachers in all subject matter areas may take a muse-ical approach. Mathematics, history and chemistry for instance are as close to the muse-ical as music or drama. I prefer to regard the aesthetic and muse-ical as two different concepts, although with some overlap in meaning. There are common parts, some aspects are borderline cases and there are also, of course, distinct differences. Already the ancient Greeks stated that literary learning and sensory experience were mutually dependent on each other. The Swedish National Curriculum for the compulsory school also emphasises the importance of balancing these two modes of learning against each other. The results of the empirical study corroborate the conclusions of the theoretical analysis. The students repeatedly emphasise the importance of experience and involvement for the sake of their own learning. They do also stress the importance of connecting theory to practical components. Concerning integration of different areas of muse-ical learning there are different standpoints among the authors that I have referred to. The students’ arguments in favour of finding a common framework for all aesthetic areas are basically that they contain common creative aspects and that they all involve bodily and emotional aspects of learning. The students emphasise, in particular, two positive aspects of the aesthetic areas and muse-ical learning. Firstly, they have a general, facilitating impact on learning regardless of context and content. Secondly, they may contribute significantly to the students’ self-confidence and thereby give them the courage to enter new areas and aim for higher goals than otherwise. A majority of muse-ical activities take place in social settings, which gives rich opportunities for the students to train their social skills. Even though it has been a demanding task to express the essence of muse-ical learning, theoretically as well as empirically, one may perhaps be comforted by realising that the magic of museical learning might disappear were it possible to define it in a distinct way.
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Bravo, Alarcón Fernando. "Julio C. Postigo (editor). Cambio climático, movimientos sociales y políticas públicas. Una vinculación necesaria. Santiago de Chile: Clacso/ ICAL, Santiago, 2013, 302 pp." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115147.

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CHATTOU, BIDDINE SOAD. "Etude des effets du diabete sur le courant d'echange ina-ca, le courant calcique ical et la composante de courant sodique inal, dans les cardiomyocytes de rat." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077040.

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L'observation d'alterations de la fonction myocardique associees au diabete nous a conduits a analyser les effets de cette pathologie, induite experimentalement, sur des transporteurs d'ions calcium (ca 2 +) et sodium (na +), deux ions majeurs qui influencent a la fois le decours de l'activite electrique cellulaire cardiaque, et, directement (pour ca 2 +) ou indirectement (pour na +), la fonction contractile des myocytes. Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous avons enregistre, dans des cardiomyocytes de rats, le courant genere par l'echangeur na +/ca 2 + (i n a - c a) et le courant calcique i c a l. Nous avons pour ce faire utilise une methode d'enregistrement qui ne modifie pas le pouvoir tampon calcique intracellulaire, a savoir la technique de patchclamp en configuration patch perfore, par la nystatine. Le principal resultat de cette partie de notre etude est que la densite du courant d'echange i n a - c a (active par i c a l ou par l'application de cafeine) et la densite du courant calcique i c a l, sont diminuees dans les cardiomyocytes de rats diabetiques. La diminution de i c a l pourrait contribuer a diminuer le calcium -induced calcium release et par consequent l'activation de l'echangeur na + -ca 2 +. La diminution de i n a - c a pourrait resulter d'une moindre charge calcique du reticulum sarcoplasmique, comme semble l'indiquer le ralentissement de l'inactivation de i c a l. Nos resultats contribuent ainsi a expliquer la diminution d'amplitude de la variation transitoire calcique precedemment decrite chez les diabetiques et ses consequences sur l'activite contractile du myocarde. Dans la seconde partie de notre travail, nous avons analyse une composante de courant sodique a inactivation lente, i n a l, susceptible
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Brynö, Lina, and Malou Wilson. "ICA-Stig har makten? : ICAs reklamfilmer ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24674.

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Abstrakt Syftet med vår undersökning var att studera ICAs reklamfilmer ur ett genusperspektiv. Vi har specificerat oss på om det manliga eller kvinnliga könet framkommer mer eller mindre i filmerna, om det har skett någon förändring kring genusperspektivet från år 2006 till 2016, samt om varorna som finns med i filmerna är mer eller mindre riktade till något av könen.   Frågeställning:
    Hur framställs kvinnor respektive män i Icas reklamfilmer? Har det skett någon förändring från år 2006 till 2016? Är varorna som visas i reklamfilmerna avsedda för kvinnor, män eller båda?   Vi har utgått från teorier som vi anser är relevanta för vår undersökning. Vi har delat in teorierna i tre olika områden: Genus Medier och identitet Reklam och media. För att genomföra undersökningen har vi gjort en kvantitativ innehållsanalys på 15 olika reklamfilmer. Vi har avgränsat oss till reklamfilmer som har visats på TV under tre olika högtider i Sverige: jul, midsommar och påsk. Vi har sedan gjort en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på fem filmer som vi anser lockar fram olika stereotyper.   Resultatet vi fann i vår undersökning var att männen dominerar i ICAs reklamfilmer, och med det menar vi att det bland annat är fler manliga karaktärer som är med och har en slags ledarroll. Vårt resultat skiljer sig något mot vad teorierna kring ämnet påstår, nämligen att kvinnor ofta dominerar reklambranschen.
    Abstract The purpose of our survey was to study the gender perspective in ICA's commercials. We have specified whether the male or female gender appears more or less in the movies, if there has been any change in gender perspective from 2006 to 2016 and if the items featured in the movies are more or less directed to any of the sexes. We have limited ourselves to commercials that have been shown on television during three different festivals in Sweden: Christmas, Midsummer and Easter.   Question:
      How are women and men produced in Ica's commercials? Has there been any change from 2006 to 2016? Are the items shown in the commercials intended for women, men or both?   We have assumed theories that we consider relevant to our survey. We have divided the theories into three different areas: Gender Media and identity Advertising and the media. In order to conduct the survey, we have made a quantitative content analysis of 15 different commercials. We have limited ourselves to commercials that have been shown on television during three different festivals in Sweden: Christmas, Midsummer and Easter. We have then made a qualitative content analysis on five films that we consider attracting different stereotypes.   The result we found in our survey was that the men dominate ICA's commercials, and we mean that among other things there are more male characters that are in and have a sort of leadership role. Our results differ slightly from the theory of the subject, namely that women often dominate the advertising industry.
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Olivetti, Paola. "Uses and interpretations of ritual terminology : goos, oimoge, threnos and linos in ancient Greek literature." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3009/.

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The purpose of my thesis is to study the lament in ancient Greek culture, and to show how its ritual meaning is interpreted by literature. The terms goos, oimoge, threnos and linos not only indicate the presence of different ritual attitudes to death but also the existence of different interpretations for each of them. The goos and the oimoge mirror an archaic religiosity and consist of sinister utterances aimed at summoning ghosts, requesting for divine revenge, etc. Aeschylus introduces them as aischrologic acts as he implies the presence of a god or a daimon. Sophocles and Euripides use them as dysphemic elements and censure an approach to death which implies that gods are vindictive, deceitful and unjust. However, they also introduce an euphemic goos consisting in an expression of feelings. The threnos only appears in funerary contexts in Homer while is often introduced as dysphemic in drama. The linos-song is mentioned as a vintage-song in Homer, it appears as a lament and then as a song for some hero’s apotheosis or return to life in drama. The poetic use of these terms serves to understand how the social and political meaning of the ritual was understood and codified by literature.
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Dibéus, Sandra. "Elevers tankar, attityder kring och sätt att förklara varg i ett ekosystem : En kvalitativ intervjustudie med elever i årskurs 3." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-75513.

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Folksägner, historier och sagor har länge gett olika djur mänskliga attribut och gestaltat djuren på ett människoliknande sätt. Vargen är inget undantag och återges allt som oftast på ett negativt sätt. Kan dessa erfarenheter av vargen från sagornas värld drabba hur elever tänker om vargen och dess roll i ett ekosystem och samspelet med andra organismer? Undersökningens syfte är att belysa elevers tankar attityder om vargen samt hur de placerar in dess roll i ett ekosystem med ett jämförande förhållningssätt mellan elever från stadsmiljö och landsbygdsmiljö. En reviderad klinisk intervjumetod i grupp har använts för att uppnå syftet med studien. Totalt har 18 elever deltagit, varav fem från landsbygden och 12 elever från stadsmiljö. Undersökningen visar att eleverna från stadsmiljö har en negativ attityd till vargen, vilket skiljer sig från eleverna från landsbygden som har en positiv alternativt neutral attityd till varg. Eleverna från de båda geografiskt skilda områdena beskriver vargens roll i ett ekosystem ur ett antropocentriskt och teleologiskt synsätt i ungefär lika stor utsträckning.
For many years folklore, stories and fairy tales have been giving animals human attributes and elaborated the animals in a human-like way. The wolf is no exception and is often reproduced in a negative way. Can these experiences of the wolf from the selection of fairy tales affect how pupils think about the wolf and its role in an ecosystem? And furthermore, can it affect how the pupils understand how the wolf interacts with other organisms? With a comparative approach between pupils from urban and rural environments, the purpose of the study is to elucidate thoughts and attitudes toward the wolf and to emphasize how pupils place the wolf and its role in an ecosystem. A revised clinical group interview method has been used to achieve the purpose of the study. In total, 18 pupils participated, five of them from the countryside and 12 pupils from a city. The survey shows that pupils from the urban environment have a negative attitude toward the wolf, which differs from the pupils from rural areas, who have a positive, alternatively neutral attitude towards the wolf. The pupils from both urban and rural environments describe the role of the wolf in an ecosystem in an anthropocentric and teleological approach to an approximately equal extent.
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Sandström, Pontus. "Relationen mellan ICA-handlaren och ICA AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167383.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att, med hjälp av företagsekonomiska relationsteorier, undersöka och beskriva ICA-handlare som driver butiker i profilerna Nära- och Supermarkets relation till ICA AB. De handlare som ingick i studien driver butiker i Uppsalaområdet. Utifrån relationsteorier om engagemang och förtroende utformades och genomfördes intervjuer med ICA-handlare. Informationen från intervjuerna användes för att uppfylla studiens syfte och besvara frågeställningen. Studien visar att ICA-handlare som driver butiker inom profilerna Nära- och Supermarkets relation till ICA AB är bra.
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Lundberg, Johanna, and Caroline Ullman. "ICA likes you, do you like ICA?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23252.

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Idag finns det begränsade teorier som behandlar det postmoderna konsumtionssamhället utifrån ett medie- och kommunikationsvetenskaligt perspektiv. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka spänningsfältet mellan ICA och högskolestudenter i ett konsumtionssamhälle genom att granska varumärkeskommunikationens betydelse på digitala plattformar. Materialinsamlingen är genomförd i form av kvalitativa intervjuer, med medarbetare på ICA, samt fokusgrupper med studenter. Med studien vill vi ge en inblick i hur kommunikationsprocesser strategiskt utformas för att nå rätt målgrupp, hur relationer vårdas och vad en god dialog innebär och har för framtida betydelser. Studien har analyserat det spänningsfält som ligger i grund till valet av konsumtion gällande matvaruhandel som högskolestudent. Studiens slutsatser visar på att det är en rad olika faktorer som är bidragande till att bygga upp en stark relation med ett företag.
Today there is limited theories considering reasearch on the postmodern consumtion society from a media and communication perspective. The purpose with this thesis is to investigate the tension between ICA and Univeristy students in a consumption society through analysis brandbuilding communications meaning on digital platforms. The material to the thesis is collected by qualitative interviews, both with employees at ICA and focus groups with university students. With this thesis we want to give an insight of how communication processes strategically is designed to reach their target group, how relationships are nurtured and what a good dialogue means for future brand building. The study has analyzed the tension of what includes the choice of consumption when it comes to retail business from university students perspective. The conclusions indicate how there are a number of factors that are contributing to build a strong relationship with an organization.
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Mattsson, Tommy. "Content Filtering using ICAP." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397539.

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In today's society the use of mobile phones is part of most peoples everyday life. Phone service providers want to provide an efficient, reliable, secure and safe phone service experience for their users. Ericsson has developed a load test to test their products in order to ensure the highest quality. An important part to achieve a safe and efficient user experience is to have some mechanism for blocking material and providing dynamic material based on a users location. In this report an implementation of is described. ICAP is a protocol developed for just this purpose. ICAP is able to block unwanted content and provide dynamic adaptation based on a users location. This thesis aims to present an implementation of ICAP for the load test tool in order to provide testing of telecommmunication functionality during high load.
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Books on the topic "ICAL"

1

Log ical number theory: An introduction. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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W, Deardorff William, and American Psychological Association, eds. Clin ical health psychology in medical settings: A practitioner's guidebook. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2009.

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Ambrosi, Luis Alberto Musso. Indice de artículos publicados en el suplemento find ical del diario "El día". Montevideo: Biblioteca Nacional, 1996.

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Sales, Harkins Susan, ed. ICDL. Indianapolis, Ind: Que, 2004.

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Pirēmā, Ce. Icai maruttuvam. Cen̲n̲ai: Ulakat Tamil̲ārāycci Nir̲uvan̲am, 2009.

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Singh, Kehar, A. K. Gupta, Sudhir Khare, Nimish Dixit, and Kamal Pant, eds. ICOL-2019. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9259-1.

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Irāmacāmi, Mā. Icai maṇam. Maturai: Kuṇā aṇ Kō., 1993.

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Cuntaram, Pi Em. Ālayaval̲ipāṭṭil icai. Tañcāvūr: Icaittur̲ai, Tamil̲p Palkalaikkal̲akam, 1990.

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Pirēmā, Ce. Icai maruttuvam. Cen̲n̲ai: Ulakat Tamil̲ārāycci Nir̲uvan̲am, 2009.

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Perumal, A. N. Tamil̲ar icai. Cen̲n̲ai: Ulakat Tamil̲ārāycci Nir̲uvan̲am, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "ICAL"

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Mayers, Scott, and Mike Lee. "Using iCal." In Learn OS X Lion, 215–25. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3763-1_12.

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Smith, Terry Donovan. "Method(ical) Hybridity." In Method Acting Reconsidered, 245–59. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62271-9_17.

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Edge, Charles S., Chris Barker, and Ehren Schwiebert. "Working with iCal Server." In Beginning Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server, 277–301. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-2773-1_10.

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Singh, Venktesh. "Status of INO-ICAL Detector." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 55–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_11.

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Panyam, Nagaraj, V. M. Datar, Janhavi Deshpande, E. Yuvaraj, G. Majumder, S. Padmini, Mahesh Punna, B. Satyanarayana, Shikha Srivastava, and S. S. Upadhya. "Backend Systems for Mini-ICAL." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 839–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2354-8_150.

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Meyers, Scott, and Mike Lee. "Mail, Address Book, and iCal." In Learn Mac OS X Snow Leopard, 247–82. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-1947-7_11.

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Panchal, N. "$$\mu $$SR with Mini-ICAL." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1181–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4408-2_177.

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Bhatt, A. D., Gobinda Majumder, V. M. Datar, and B. Satyanarayana. "Muon Momentum Spectra with mini-ICAL." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 739–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4408-2_102.

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Rafik, Moh, Aman Phogat, Ankit Gaur, Ashok Kumar, and Md Naimuddin. "Front-End Readout for INO-ICAL GRPC." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 805–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_195.

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Bhatt, A. D., and Gobinda Majumder. "Update on Muon Reconstruction for INO-ICAL." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1191–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4408-2_179.

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Conference papers on the topic "ICAL"

1

IBRAHIM, Raghad, Hussain K.K.AL-DULAIMY, and Izdehar M. JASIM. "DETERMINATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION GENES USING PCR TECHNIQUE FOR STAPH. SPP. ISOLATIONS FROM WOUND AND BURN INFECTIONS IN BAQUBA CITY." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-17.

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The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus has been discovered to be a major source of community and hospital-acquired infections. The production of ica-dependent biofilms is critical in the persistence of infections in hospitalized patients. Between November 2017 &April 2018, the current study was conducted at Teaching Baquba Hospital's Bacteriology Laboratory in Baquba City and the laboratory of microbiology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR )unit in the Biology Department / College of Science/ Diyala University (2018). Materials and methods: We obtained 13(17.3%) Staph.aureus isolates from 100 clinical specimens (burns, wounds, urine, and blood) after identified them. Following by employed Congo Red Agar(CRA) and tissue culture plate method (TCP)to detect Biofilm development in isolates, as well as a PCR assay and particular primers to determine the presence of the icaA &icaD genes. The results showed ica A/D were found in 69 % (9/13) of cases, icaA gene is present at 7 (53.8%) and the icaD gene at 2(15 .3%) in Staph.aureus isolates. CRA method found biofilm generation in 6 (46%) of thirteen Staph. aureus isolates, while TCP detected biofilm creation in 10 (76%) isolates. When phenotypic approaches compared to the detection of the icaA and icaD genes, only 5 (71%) of the icaA genes were found to be positive by TCP, while only 2 (1% ) of the icaD genes were found to be positive by TCP. In short: The findings show the significance of S. aureus' virulence factors in clinical samples for the icaA and icaD genes and the phenotypic biofilm formation variety. The creation of in vitro slime using the CRA approach is not necessarily consistent even when the icaA and icaD genes exist. Although certain isolates lack the genes icaA & icaD, the ability to generate biofilms highlights the importance of the further gene research, and the absence of the icaA and icaD genes, the capability from certain isolates to create biopolymes emphasises the need for continuous genetic study into icas caused by variations in the number of genes associated with biofilms. When comparing phenotypic techniques, TCP is still the best tool for the screening of biofilms. The aim of this research though is that the biofilm forming potential should be actually linked to the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. aureus isolates
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"IEEE ICAL 2007 Conference Organization." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2007.4338505.

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Ajmi, Ali, and Sankagiri Umasankar. "Muonless Events in ICAL at INO." In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.234.0045.

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"IEEE ICAL 2007 Program at a Glance." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2007.4338515.

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Ghosh, Anushree, B. S. Acharya, Maury Goodman, and Naba K. Mondal. "Hadron Energy Resolution of the ICAL Detector." In 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEUTRINO FACTORIES, SUPERBEAMS, AND BETABEAMS: NuFact10. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3644331.

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James, Casie, Randall Craver, and Isa Ashoor. "An A-Tip-ical Side Effect of Lithium." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.847.

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Khindr, Honey. "Magnetic field simulations and measurements on mini-ICAL." In 41st International Conference on High Energy physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.414.1130.

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Yanmin Zhu, Juan Li, Lubin Liu, and Chen-Khong Tham. "iCal: Intervention-free Calibration for Measuring Noise with Smartphones." In 2015 IEEE 21st International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2015.19.

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Law, Tim, Daniel Lam, Juliana Endang, and Melissa Chan. "How rad(-ical) is VRAD (Virtual Reality-Aided Design)?" In 2020 24th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv51561.2020.00133.

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Lotfi, S., and C. Adnene. "A Speech rocessin Interface for Analysis of atholo ical oices." In International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies: from Theory to Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictta.2006.1684559.

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Reports on the topic "ICAL"

1

Elson, J., and A. Cerpa. Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP). RFC Editor, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3507.

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Robert Leitner, David Bodde, Dennis Wiese, John Skardon, and Bethany Carter. CU-ICAR Hydrogen Infrastructure Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1025580.

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Fiato, Rocco A., Ramesh Sharma, Mark Allen, Brent Peyton, Richard Macur, and Jemima Cameron. Montana Integrated Carbon to Liquids (ICTL) Demonstration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1121739.

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Adams, Jesse, John Gangloff, Ned Stetson, Chris Werth, Shannon White, Mike Aller, Tim Franta, et al. Integrated Insulation System for Cryogenic Automotive Tanks (iCAT). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1457536.

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Abbott, Gerald. In Touch with Industry. ICAF Industry Studies 1999. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376705.

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George Jarvis. THREE DIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED CHARACTERIZATION AND ARCHIVING SYSTEM (3D-ICAS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834108.

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Hogue, M. TEST REPORT: CANBERRA ICAM ON THE 291-H STACK. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561210.

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How, Jonathan P., Emilio Frazzoli, and Nicholas Roy. ICPL: Intelligent Cooperative Planning and Learning for Multi-agent Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada565746.

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Bernier, Ashlyn. Investigating MUC1/ICAM-1 Binding Induced Signaling in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555411.

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Muzykantov, Vladimir. Targeting of Drugs to ICAM for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473877.

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