Journal articles on the topic 'ICAF'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: ICAF.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'ICAF.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ivanov, Andrei I., and Ronald L. Calabrese. "Graded Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission Between Leech Interneurons: Assessing the Roles of Two Kinetically Distinct Low-Threshold Ca Currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01093.2005.
Full textAbstract:
In leeches, two pairs of reciprocally inhibitory heart interneurons that form the core oscillators of the pattern-generating network for heartbeat possess both high- and low-threshold (HVA and LVA) Ca channels. LVA Ca current has two kinetically distinct components (one rapidly activating/inactivating, ICaF, and another slowly activating/inactivating, ICaS) that mediate graded transmission, generate plateau potentials driving burst formation, and modulate spike-mediated transmission between heart interneurons. Here we used different stimulating protocols and inorganic Ca channel blockers to separate the effects of ICaF and ICaS on graded synaptic transmission and determine their interaction and relative efficacy. Ca2+ entering by ICaF channels is more efficacious in mediating release than that entering by ICaS channels. The rate of Ca2+ entry by LVA Ca channels appears to be as critical as the amount of delivered Ca2+ for synaptic transmission. LVA Ca currents and associated graded transmission were selectively blocked by 1 mM Ni2+, leaving spike-mediated transmission unaffected. Nevertheless, 1 mM Ni2+ affected homosynaptic enhancement of spike-mediated transmission that depends on background Ca2+ provided by LVA Ca channels. Ca2+ provided by both ICaF and ICaS depletes a common pool of readily releasable synaptic vesicles. The balance between availability of vesicles and Ca2+ concentration and its time course determine the strength of inhibitory transmission between heart interneurons. We argue that Ca2+ from multichannel domains arising from ICaF channels, clustered near but not directly associated with the release trigger, and Ca2+ radially diffusing from generally distributed ICaS channels interact at common release sites to mediate graded transmission.
2
Lippert, Anna L., Katherine A. Johnson, Cheri A. Pasch, Sean G. Kraus, Philip B. Emmerich, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, and Dustin A. Deming. "Abstract 3198: Validation and analysis of cancer associated fibroblast subtype markers in metastatic colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3198.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are a significant component of tumor stroma, and have an important impact on immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Two major subtypes of CAFs have been previously identified by literature: myofibroblastic (myCAF) and inflammatory (iCAF). Our lab has identified subtype markers for each CAF phenotype and previously analyzed a sampling of 153 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we validate these subtype markers and investigate CAF phenotypes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Dual immunofluorescence on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections was performed to analyze co-staining between combinations of myCAF markers, αSMA and TAGLN, and iCAF markers, PDPN and ICAM1. Slides were imaged using a fluorescent microscope. Also, tissue microarrays sampling 212 CRC patients spanning all stages of disease, 90 with matched metastatic cores, were stained via immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the CAF subtype markers then quantified on an intensity scale from 0-3+. iCAF and myCAF marker scores were averaged to get a composite score for each, then split into low (average score <2) and high (average score ≥2) groups. CD8 IHC stains were quantified as the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) per high power field (HPF) in the epithelial compartment. Results: Significant co-staining was observed between iCAF markers PDPN and ICAM1, as well as myCAF markers αSMA and TAGLN. Co-staining did not occur, or was minimal, between combinations of myCAF and iCAF markers. There is not significant different in abundance of iCAFs or myCAFs in primary site cores of patients with metastatic versus non-metastatic disease (p = 0.67 for iCAF, p = 0.57 for myCAF). Of matched primary and metastatic samples able to be scored, 43.3% of samples had a decrease in iCAF score from primary to metastatic site while only 18.8% increased. Overall, 34.4% of samples had a decrease in score of more than 1 and only 2.2% of samples had an increase of more than 1. However, the percentage of samples that had a decrease in myCAF score was 32.2% while 22.2% increased. In all primary cores of patients with metastatic disease, there was higher average CD8+ TILs in those with high iCAF scores compared to those with low iCAF scores (12.0 vs 5.5, p=0.03). There was not a significant difference in average CD8+ TILs in those with high myCAF scores compared to those with low myCAF scores (9.3 vs 7.1, p=0.7). Conclusions: Here, we validate the myCAF markers TAGLN and αSMA, as well as, iCAF markers ICAM1 and PDPN by demonstrating co-staining between CAFs of the same subtype and exclusion between different subtypes. These data indicate that that CAF phenotype correlates with CD8 T cell infiltration into the TME. iCAFs correlate with immune infiltration and myCAFs with immune exclusion. Citation Format: Anna L. Lippert, Katherine A. Johnson, Cheri A. Pasch, Sean G. Kraus, Philip B. Emmerich, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Validation and analysis of cancer associated fibroblast subtype markers in metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3198.
3
Pratikno, Herman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah, Handayanu, and Gilang Rezha Mahardhika. "Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) to Reduce Population of Chlorella Vulgaris Cause Bio Corrosion on AH36 Steel in Marine Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912506001.
Full textAbstract:
Corrosion can cause damage to steel. One of the main causes of corrosion is biofouling. The Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) method is one way to prevent the microfouling. The purpose of the study was to calculate reduction of Chlorella Vulgaris population using a simple ICAF system. The simple ICAF reactor was operated with variation of electric current (0.3, 0.5 and 1 A) and duration time (5, 7 and 10 min). Steel of AH36 has a role as a cathode, meanwhile pure copper (Cu) was an anode. The cell number of Chlorella Vulgaris was determined using haemacytometer method. The concentration of Cu was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS). Based on the results, the simple ICAF system showed the decreasing of Chlorella Vulgaris cell number with the highest percentage of 99.98% at electrical current of 1 A, duration time of 10 min and concentration of Cu (17.9 ± 0.07 mg/L). Meanwhile, the lowest of the cell number reduction was 97.57% at electrical current of 0.3 A, duration time of 5 min and concentration of Cu (15.52 ± 0.25 mg/L). In conclusion, ion Cu that was produced during operation simple ICAF system can reduce Chlorella Vulgaris population.
4
Marques, Carine S. F., Nathalia S. Barreto, Simone S. C. de Oliveira, André L. S. Santos, Marta H. Branquinha, Damião P. de Sousa, Mayara Castro, et al. "β-Cyclodextrin/Isopentyl Caffeate Inclusion Complex: Synthesis, Characterization and Antileishmanial Activity." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184181.
Full textAbstract:
Isopentyl caffeate (ICaf) is a bioactive ester widely distributed in nature. Our patented work has shown promising results of this molecule against Leishmania. However, ICaf shows poor solubility, which limits its usage in clinical settings. In this work, we have proposed the development of an inclusion complex of ICaf in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), with the aim to improve the drug solubility, and thus, its bioavailability. The inclusion complex (ICaf:β-CD) was developed applying three distinct methods, i.e., physical mixture (PM), kneading (KN) or co-evaporation (CO) in different molar proportions (0.25:1, 1:1 and 2:1). Characterization of the complexes was carried out by thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular docking. The ICaf:β-CD complex in a molar ratio of 1:1 obtained by CO showed the best complexation and, therefore, was selected for further analysis. Solubility assay showed a marked improvement in the ICaf:β-CD (CO, 1:1) solubility profile when compared to the pure ICaf compound. Cell proliferation assay using ICaf:β-CD complex showed an IC50 of 3.8 and 2.7 µg/mL against L. amazonesis and L. chagasi promastigotes, respectively. These results demonstrate the great potential of the inclusion complex to improve the treatment options for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases.
5
Yamashita, Y., and N. Akaike. "Caffeine-induced chloride current in dissociated rat hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): C508—C513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.2.c508.
Full textAbstract:
Current responses to caffeine in single hepatocytes dissociated from adult rat liver were investigated with the conventional whole cell patch-recording configuration. Caffeine produced a sustained inward current (Icaf) with increasing conductance at a holding potential of -40 mV. The reversal potential of Icaf was close to the Cl- equilibrium potential. Icaf was not affected by the internal perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-amino-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or Cs+, whereas the Ca(2+)-activated K+ outward current elicited by A-23187 was inhibited by intracellular BAPTA or Cs+. A 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was about equipotent to 1 mM caffeine in inducing the current. Icaf was not modulated by the external application of N-(2-[methylamino]ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-8), a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, or intracellular perfusion with guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP beta S) or guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S). It was concluded that caffeine induced an increase in membrane Cl- conductance without utilizing the rise of intracellular free Ca2+ or adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and without mediating G protein, suggesting the possible existence of caffeine receptor-Cl- channel complexes on liver plasma membrane.
6
Ibáñez-Vera, Alfonso Javier, Jerónimo Carmelo García-Romero, José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, and Rafael Lomas-Vega. "Effects of Monopolar Dielectric Radiofrequency Signals on the Symptoms of Fibromyalgia: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072465.
Full textAbstract:
Monopolar dielectric radiofrequency (MDR) is a non-invasive treatment for pain based on the local application of electromagnetic signals. The study’s goal was to analyze the effects of MDR on the symptoms of fibromyalgia. For this aim, a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 66 female participants (aged 47 ± 17.7) diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Participants were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 23), which received eight 20-minute sessions of MDR; a sham group, which received the same number of sessions of a sham MDR therapy (n = 22); or a control group (n = 21), which received usual care. The outcome variables included pain measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), score on the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and quality of life measured by the combined index of fibromyalgia severity (ICAF). A large effect size was observed for the local pain (R2 = 0.46), total ICAF (R2 = 0.42) and ICAF physical factor scores (R2 = 0.38). Significant mean differences were found for the local pain (p = 0.025) and ICAF physical factor (p = 0.031) scores of the experimental group in comparison with the sham group. No statistically significant differences between groups were found in HADS. In conclusion, MDR is more effective than either sham treatment or usual care in the short-term improvement of pain and the physical wellbeing of participants with fibromyalgia.
7
Pratikno, Herman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah, and Muhammad Danesto Rizky Mauludin. "System Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) Against Micro Fouling (Bacteria) on Ship’s Cooling System." MATEC Web of Conferences 177 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817701013.
Full textAbstract:
Bio-fouling is the attachment and accumulation of an organism or micro-organism to a material. Bio-fouling is one of the causes of declining performance and quality in a system of structures, especially structures that have a direct relationship with the waters where the bio-fouling live and move. The research was conducting using a simple circuit that represents Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) system which is generally located on the cooling of the ship against micro-fouling or bacteria. Species of bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) in the marine environment was used as an object. The bacteria were introduced into the reactor containing the cathode and anode of this simple system, with inputs of experimental time variation of 3, 5 and 7 minutes and electrical current variation of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 Ampere. The determination of bacteria population was conducted using standard plate count methods. The results showed that ICAF system can reduce the bacteria populations. The largest percentage of Pseudomonas fluorescens reduction was 99.9%, while the smallest percentage showed 98.5% percentage. In conclusion, the simple of ICAF system can be used to prevent appearance of micro-fouling in marine environment.
8
Johnson, Katherine Anne, Anna L. Lippert, Sean G. Kraus, Grace E. McGrath, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, and Dustin A. Deming. "Abstract 3533: Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib on cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes in colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3533.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major regulators of the immune microenvironment and therapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Neutralizing their role in modulating the immune landscape could be the key to enhancing immunotherapy success. Imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors with several kinase targets. Methods: Tissue microarrays spanning 153 patients were stained for αSMA, TAGLN, PDPN, ICAM1, and CD8. CD8 stains were quantified as number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes per high powered field (TILs/HPF) in the epithelial compartment. All other stains were quantified by intensity on a 0-3+ scale. Scores for αSMA and TAGLN were combined into a myCAF score, and PDPN and ICAM1 into an iCAF score. myCAF gene expression signatures derived from a re-analysis of scRNA-seq data previously done by our lab were entered into the LINCS database to discover potential drugs to reverse the phenotype. Primary cancer associated fibroblasts were derived from patient tumor samples, then treated with clinically relevant concentrations of imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib for 96 hours. RNA was isolated and RT-qPCR was performed to quantify the myCAF genes ACTA2, COL11A1, and TAGLN, and the iCAF genes ICAM1, PDPN, IL1R1, CXCL1 and CXCL2. TGFB1 expression was also measured. Expression was normalized to untreated cells and GAPDH expression levels. Results: Cancers with high expression of myCAF markers but low expression of iCAF markers had the most CD8+ TILs (average 10.2; median 1.5; range 0-73), while cancers with low myCAF scores and high iCAF scores had the least (average 1.5; median 0; range 0-19; p < 0.01). Reversing the myCAF signature relative to iCAFs in the LINCs database revealed nilotinib as a top hit. Treatment with imatinib did not significantly alter the expression of myCAF genes (control vs. max dose: p = 0.06 for ACTA2, COL11A1 p =0.2, TAGLN p = 1), while treatment with dasatinib significantly increased these genes (ACTA2 1.4x higher, p < 0.001; COL11A1 2.6x higher, p < 0.01; TAGLN 1.5x higher, p < 0.001). Only treatment with nilotinib significantly decreased myCAF genes (ACTA2 2.2x lower, p <0.001; COL11A1 1.3x lower, p =0.05; TAGLN 1.9x lower, p < 0.01). All three drugs decreased iCAF gene CXCL1, and all but dasatinib decreased CXCL2. All three drugs significantly decreased TGFB1, a potential functional marker for altering myCAF phenotype (dasatinib 1.1x lower, p = 0.1; imatinib 1.6x lower, p < 0.001; nilotinib 1.5x lower, p < 0.05). Conclusions: myCAFs may be major actors in immune exclusion in the microenvironment, and the reversal of the myCAF phenotype may be a target for treatment with immunotherapy. Nilotinib, but not imatinib or dasatinib, is effective at decreasing expression of myCAF genes. Further research is warranted into the mechanisms of this drug on altering expression and whether these trends continue in vivo. Citation Format: Katherine Anne Johnson, Anna L. Lippert, Sean G. Kraus, Grace E. McGrath, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib on cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3533.
9
Schwoerer, Simon, Manon Ros, Kaloyan Tsanov, Francesco Cimino, Scott Lowe, Carlos Carmona-Fontaine, and Craig Thompson. "Abstract PR018: Hypoxia synergizes with IL1 to promote an inflammatory fibroblast state in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): PR018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-pr018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a prominent desmoplastic response created by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that can acquire both tumor-promoting and -restraining functions. Recently, transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of CAFs have been identified in PDAC including tumor-restraining myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) producing extracellular matrix and tumor-promoting inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) secreting cytokines. While CAF heterogeneity can be driven in part by growth factor and cytokine gradients, other factors involved in shaping the CAF state in PDAC are largely unknown. Identifying and targeting such factors may help to drive CAFs from tumor-promoting into tumor-suppressive states. Hypoxia is a major environmental factor in the PDAC tumor microenvironment but its role in CAF plasticity is unknown. In this study, we use KPC organoid orthotopic transplantation and co-culture models to investigate the role of hypoxia in regulating the CAF state and functions. We find that iCAFs display a hypoxic gene expression and biochemical profile in vivo and are enriched in hypoxic regions of PDAC tumors. Hypoxia leads to acquisition of an inflammatory gene expression signature in fibroblasts and synergizes with cancer cell-derived IL1 to promote an iCAF phenotype in a HIF-1α dependent fashion. Furthermore, we show in PDAC organoid co-culture models that HIF-1α stabilization is sufficient to induce an iCAF phenotype in pancreatic stellate cells and to promote PDAC tumor growth in vivo in the absence of hypoxia. These data indicate Citation Format: Simon Schwoerer, Manon Ros, Kaloyan Tsanov, Francesco Cimino, Scott Lowe, Carlos Carmona-Fontaine, Craig Thompson. Hypoxia synergizes with IL1 to promote an inflammatory fibroblast state in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PR018.
10
Díaz-Maroto, Natalia Guillén, Gemma Garcia-Vicién, Giovanna Polcaro, María Bañuls, Nerea Albert, Alberto Villanueva, and David G. Molleví. "The Blockade of Tumoral IL1β-Mediated Signaling in Normal Colonic Fibroblasts Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Chemotherapy and Prevents Inflammatory CAF Activation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094960.
Full textAbstract:
Heterotypic interactions between newly transformed cells and normal surrounding cells define tumor’s fate in incipient carcinomas. Once homeostasis has been lost, normal resident fibroblasts become carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, conferring protumorogenic properties on these normal cells. Here we describe the IL1β-mediated interplay between cancer cells and normal colonic myofibroblasts (NCFs), which bestows differential sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs on tumor cells. We used NCFs, their conditioned media (CM), and cocultures with tumor cells to characterize the IL1β-mediated crosstalk between both cell types. We silenced IL1β in tumor cells to demonstrate that such cells do not exert an influence on NCFs inflammatory phenotype. Our results shows that IL1β is overexpressed in cocultured tumor cells. IL1β enables paracrine signaling in myofibroblasts, converting them into inflammatory-CAFs (iCAF). IL1β-stimulated-NCF-CM induces migration and differential sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal tumor cells. Such chemoprotective effect has not been evidenced for TGFβ1-driven NCFs. IL1β induces the loss of a myofibroblastic phenotype in NCFs and acquisition of iCAF traits. In conclusion, IL1β-secreted by cancer cells modify surrounding normal fibroblasts to confer protumorogenic features on them, particularly tolerance to cytotoxic drugs. The use of IL1β-blocking agents might help to avoid the iCAF traits acquisition and consequently to counteract the protumorogenic actions these cells.
11
Tran, Linda L., Truong Dang, Rintu Thomas, and David R. Rowley. "ELF3 Mediates IL-1α Induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Inflammatory iCAFs." Stem Cells 39, no. 12 (October 7, 2021): 1766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.3455.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate the immune landscape and tumor progression. Yet, the ontogeny and heterogeneity of reactive stromal cells within tumors is not well understood. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype (iCAFs) have been identified within multiple cancers; however, mechanisms that lead to their recruitment and differentiation also remain undefined. Targeting these mechanisms therapeutically may be important in managing cancer progression. Here, we identify the ELF3 transcription factor as the canonical mediator of IL-1α-induced differentiation of prostate mesenchymal stem cells to an iCAF phenotype, typical of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, IL-1α-induced iCAFs were subsequently refractive to TGF-β1 induced trans-differentiation to a myofibroblast phenotype (myCAF), another key carcinoma-associated fibroblast subtype typical of reactive stroma in cancer. Restricted trans-differentiation was associated with phosphorylation of the YAP protein, indicating that interplay between ELF3 action and activation of the Hippo pathway are critical for restricting trans-differentiation of iCAFs. Together, these data show that the IL-1α/ELF3/YAP pathways are coordinate for regulating inflammatory carcinoma-associated fibroblast differentiation.
12
De Schutter, E., J. D. Angstadt, and R. L. Calabrese. "A model of graded synaptic transmission for use in dynamic network simulations." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 1225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.4.1225.
Full textAbstract:
1. The heartbeat central pattern-generating network of the medicinal leech contains elemental neural oscillators, comprising reciprocally inhibitory pairs of segmental heart interneurons, that use graded as well as spike-mediated synaptic transmission. We are in the process of developing a general computer model of this pattern generator. Our modeling goal is to explore the interaction of membrane currents and synaptic transmission that promote oscillation in heart interneurons. As a first step toward this goal, we have developed a computer model of graded synaptic transmission between reciprocally inhibitory heart interneurons. Previously gathered voltage-clamp data of presynaptic Ca2+ currents and simultaneous postsynaptic currents and potentials (5 mM external [Ca2+]) were used as the bases of the model. 2. We assumed that presynaptic Ca2+ current was composed of distinct fast (ICaF) and slow (Icas) components because there are two distinct time courses of inactivation for this current. We fitted standard Hodgkin-Huxley equations (Eq. 1 and 2, APPENDIX) to these components using first-order activation and inactivation kinetics. 3. Graded synaptic transfer in the model is based on calculation of a dimensionless variable [P]. A portion of both IcaF and ICaS determined by a factor A contributes to [P], and a removal factor B decreases [P] (Eq. 4, APPENDIX). [P] can be roughly equated to the [Ca2+] in an unspecified volume that is effective in causing transmitter release. Transmitter release, and thus postsynaptic conductance, is related to [P]3 (Eq. 3, APPENDIX). 4. We adapted our model to voltage-clamp data gathered at physiological external [Ca2+] (2.0 mM) and tested it for shorter presynaptic voltage steps. Presynaptic Ca2+ currents and synaptic transfer were well simulated under all conditions. 5. The graded synaptic transfer model could be used in a network simulation to reproduce the oscillatory activity of a reciprocally inhibitory pair of heart interneurons. Because synaptic transmission in the model is an explicit function of presynaptic Ca2+ current, the model should prove useful to explore the interaction between membrane currents and synaptic transmission that promote and modulate oscillation in reciprocally inhibitory heart interneurons.
13
Ángeles Cervantes, Efraín, and Lauro López Mata. "Supervivencia de una cohorte de plántulas de Abies religiosa bajo diferentes condiciones postincendio." Botanical Sciences 84 (May 20, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2289.
Full textAbstract:
The survival of a cohort of <em>Abies religiosa </em> seedlings was investigated during eight years in an intact forest (NAF) and forest patches affected by: shallow fi res (SUPAF), intermediate canopy fi res (ICAF), and full canopy fi res (FCAF). The objective of this paper was to provide a better understanding on the natural regeneration processes of <em>A. religiosa </em>. In each patch eight 1m2 plots were established and all rooted seedlings within each plot from the 1998 cohort were tagged. Seedling mortality and type of associated damage were recorded throughout censuses from 1998 to 2006. Fallen branches and desiccation of seedlings were the two most important factors associated with their death. Survival probabilities were the lowest in SUPAF and none in NAF. The highest survival probabilities were under ICAF condition, and it suggests that this type of fi re is an important component of the <em>A. religiosa </em> regeneration niche.
14
Pratikno, Herman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah, Handayanu, and Moontera Priyanto. "Reduction of Marine Bivalve Mollusc (Anadara granosa) using Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) to Prevent the Biofouling." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020205005.
Full textAbstract:
Fouling is an adverse problem for ship. Fouling itself is some kind of marine biota like shells, mussels, or barnacles, which grow and live on the surface of ship’s hull or inside the ship’s piping system. Many methods have been applied to prevent fouling. Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) was developed and applied as an alternative in mitigation of fouling. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of electrical current, duration time, salinity on Anadara granosa death in simple ICAF system. The simple ICAF reactor was operated in electric current of 1.5 A, and duration time (1,3,5,7 dan 9 h), variations of salinity (33 ‰, 35‰ and 37‰) and the size of shell (1-2 cm and 2-3 cm). Steel of AH36 has a role as a cathode, meanwhile pure copper (Cu) was an anode. The death of Anadara granosa was conducted using direct observation. The direct observation was carried out by opening the shells one by one. The death of mollusc can be confirmed by looking the response from the mollusc. If the mollusc showed no response when it was pierced, it indicated that the mollusc was dead. Besides that, there was white slime inside the mollusc. Based on the results, the death of Anadara granosa with shell size of 2-3 cm showed the highest percentage of 90% at electrical current of 1.5 A, duration time of 9 h, and salinity of 37 ‰. Meanwhile the smallest percentage of Anadara granosa death reached 10% at electrical current of 1.5 A, duration time of 7 h, and salinity of 33 ‰ for shell size of 1-2 cm. In conclusion, duration time and salinity were higher so that the death of Anadara granosa was higher too. Besides that, the small size of Anadara granosa was more resistant.
15
Chen, Hualin, Wenjie Yang, Xiaoqiang Xue, Yingjie Li, Zhaoheng Jin, and Zhigang Ji. "Integrated Analysis Revealed an Inflammatory Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Based Subtypes with Promising Implications in Predicting the Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response of Bladder Cancer Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 15970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415970.
Full textAbstract:
Inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) are closely related to progression, anticancer therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa). However, the functional role of iCAFs in BCa has been poorly studied. In our study, two BCa scRNA-seq datasets (GSE130001 and GSE146137) were obtained and integrated by the Seurat pipeline. Based on reported markers (COL1A1 and PDGFRA), iCAFs were identified and the related signature of 278 markers was developed. Following unsupervised consensus clustering, two molecular subtypes of TCGA-BLCA were identified and characterized by distinct dysregulated cancer hallmarks, immunological tumor microenvironments, prognoses, responses to chemotherapy/immunotherapy, and stemness. Subsequently, the robustness of the signature-based clustering, in terms of prognosis and therapeutic response prediction, was validated in a GEO-meta cohort with seven independent GEO datasets of 519 BCa patients, and three immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated cohorts. Considering the heterogeneity, re-clustering of iCAFs was performed and a subpopulation, named “LOXL2+ iCAFs”, was identified. Co-culture CM derived from LOXL2 overexpression/silencing CAFs with T24 cells revealed that overexpression of LOXL2 in CAFs promoted while silencing LOXL2 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of T24 cells through IL32. Moreover, the positive correlation between LOXL2 and CD206, an M2 macrophage polarization marker, has been observed and validated. Collectively, integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses revealed an iCAF-related signature that can predict prognosis and response to immunotherapy for BCa. Additionally, the hub gene LOXL2 may serve as a promising target for BCa treatment.
16
Ballah, Fatimah Muhammad, Md Saiful Islam, Md Liton Rana, Farhana Binte Ferdous, Rokeya Ahmed, Pritom Kumar Pramanik, Jarna Karmoker, et al. "Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Different Food Sources in Bangladesh." Biology 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11070949.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is a significant virulence factor, triggering its persistence in hostile environments. In this study, we screened a total of 420 different food samples and human hand swabs to detect S. aureus and to determine their biofilm formation ability. Samples analyzed were meat, milk, eggs, fish, fast foods, and hand swabs. S. aureus were detected by culturing, staining, biochemical, and PCR. Biofilm formation ability was determined by Congo Red Agar (CRA) plate and Crystal Violet Microtiter Plate (CVMP) tests. The icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes involved in the synthesis of biofilm-forming intracellular adhesion compounds were detected by PCR. About 23.81% (100/420; 95% CI: 14.17–29.98%) of the samples harbored S. aureus, as revealed by detection of the nuc gene. The CRA plate test revealed 20% of S. aureus isolates as strong biofilm producers and 69% and 11% as intermediate and non-biofilm producers, respectively. By the CVMP staining method, 20%, 77%, and 3% of the isolates were found to be strong, intermediate, and non-biofilm producers. Furthermore, 21% of S. aureus isolates carried at least one biofilm-forming gene, where icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes were detected in 15%, 20%, 7%, 20%, and 10% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) between any of the two adhesion genes of S. aureus isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh describing the detection of biofilm-forming S. aureus from foods and hand swabs using molecular-based evidence. Our findings suggest that food samples should be deemed a potential reservoir of biofilm-forming S. aureus, which indicates a potential public health significance.
17
Mello, Priscila Luiza, Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli, Lisiane de Almeida Martins, Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos Paiva Brito, Cassiano Victória, Letícia Calixto Romero, and Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha. "Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis in Different Regions of Brazil: Molecular Typing and Biofilm Gene Expression Analysis by RT-qPCR." Antibiotics 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120888.
Full textAbstract:
Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., which possess different virulence factors, including the capacity for biofilm formation that provides enhanced protection against the action of immune system components and serves as a barrier against the penetration of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to characterize 181 Staphylococcus spp. Strains—including Staphylococcusaureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in six Brazilian states—by molecular methods. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of genes of the ica operon—mainly responsible for biofilm formation—as well as bap and bhp. Chromosome similarity among the isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The icaA gene was detected in 79 (43.6%) isolates, icaB in 24 (13.2%), icaC in 57 (31.4%), and icaD in 127 (70.1%). The bap gene was identified in 66 (36.4%) isolates, while the bhp gene was found in nine (4.9%). RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of the icaA gene in 60 (75.9%) isolates, of icaB in six (25%), of icaC in 26 (45.6%), and of icaD in 80 (63%). Clonal typing of the isolates by PFGE permitted the identification of eight Staphylococcusaureus clusters that simultaneously included ≥3 strains, with a similarity of ≥80%. Regarding the other species studied, three clusters were observed for Staphylococcuschromogenes and four clusters for Staphylococcusepidermidis. Only one cluster each was identified for Staphylococcussaprophyticus and Staphylococcussimulans, while the other species did not form any cluster. With respect to MLST, ST126 and ST1 were the prevalent sequence types in S. aureus, while in S.epidermidis all sequence types were different. These results reveal strains with the same evolutionary origin as other isolates, which might cause infections in humans and animals, suggesting their ability to spread between these species.
18
Mahdavi, Fatemeh Soghra, Rabieh Izadi Amoli, and Roghaye Oskooeian. "Molecular Identification of icaA, icaB, icaC and icaD Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates Resistant to Methicillin." Alborz University Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/aums.8.3.245.
Full text
19
Gomez-Centeno, A., M. Ramentol, M. J. Gonzalez, and C. Alegre. "AB0952 COENZYME Q10, TRYPTOPHAN AND MAGNESIUM: A NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROMYALGIA SYMPTOMS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1773.1–1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5531.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a multidimensional chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, depressive episodes, and anxiety [1]. Management of FMS remains challenging and treatment strategies are required to be multidisciplinary. Among nonpharmacological therapies, nutrition is a promising tool, since oxidative stress and/or an imbalance of nutritional components have demonstrated to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of FMS [2,3].Objectives:We conducted a pilot study (FATMIA Study) to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a dietary supplementation (NSC) containing coenzyme Q10, magnesium and tryptophan in FMS patients.Methods:This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period pilot study conducted between March 2017-October 2017. All patients underwent two 3-month treatments with NSC and placebo, with a 1-month washout period in between. To evaluate the most prevalent clinical manifestations of FMS, the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia questionnaire (ICAF) [4] was used. A sample of 23 patients aged from 18 to 80 years, with a formal diagnosis of fibromyalgia of at least two years, was included in the study.Results:Twenty patients completed the study, while three (13.0%) dropped out because they failed to attend all clinical visits (n=2) or presented an adverse event (n=1). Participant demographics are presented in Table 1. All participants were female with a mean age of 51.9 (7.2) years. Depression and anxiety were reported in 65.0% (13/20) and 30.0% (6/20) of cases, respectively. All patients were under pharmacological treatment for FMS symptoms. The most commonly reported medications were paracetamol (60.0%, 12/20), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (45.0%, 9/20), and tramadol (40.0%, 8/20). Physical symptoms such as fatigue, functional capacity, pain and sleep quality improved at the end of the study treatment, whereas they mainly declined after placebo treatment. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the studied variables. Total ICAF score improved after NSC treatment, and declined after placebo treatment. NSC treatment was well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events (5.0%, 1/20).Table 1.Patient demographicsParameterValueAge, years [mean (SD]51.9 (7.2)Sex (F/M)20/0Weight, kg [mean (SD]69.3 (13.1)Height, cm [mean (SD]160.4 (6.5)Years since first FMS diagnosis [mean (SD)]7.7 (6.3)Occupational status, n (%) Working full-time/part-time10 (50.0) At home3 (15.0) Not working/receiving pension5 (25.0) Retired or unemployed2 (10.0)Smoking patients, n (%)8 (40.0)Patients on alcohol consumption, n (%)0 (0.0)Patients on physical activity, n (%)2 (10.0)F/M: female/maleConclusion:The results of this study constitute the first investigation of the effect of a nutritional supplement containing CoQ10, magnesium and tryptophan on FMS. Although the results should be confirmed in larger studies, they suggest that NSC treatment for 3 months, in addition to pharmacological therapy, may be of interest in the management of FMS. This treatment appeared to primarily improve physical symptoms, such as fatigue and pain, with low risk of adverse events.References:[1]Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean L, Atzeni F, Häuser W, Fluss E. EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;76:1–11.[2]Cordero MD. Estrés oxidativo en la fibromialgia: fisiopatología e implicaciones clínicas. Reumatol Clin. 2011;7:281-3.[3]Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Fibromyalgia and nutrition: Therapeutic possibilities? Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;103:531-538.[4]Vallejo MA, Rivera J, Esteve-Vives J. ICAF Group. Development of a self-reporting tool to obtain a Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:2.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
20
Cheng, Jing-yuan, and Mao Xu. "Experimental Research of Integrated Compressed Air Foam System of Fixed (ICAF) for Liquid Fuel." Procedia Engineering 71 (2014): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.04.007.
Full text
21
WILSON, R. "ICAF '89Jerusalem, Israel, 18–23 June 1989 Organized by: International Committee on Aeronautical fatigue." International Journal of Fatigue 11, no. 6 (November 1989): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(89)90186-2.
Full text
22
Qiao, Jiaju, Liping Zheng, Zhaoxin Lu, Fanqiang Meng, and Xiaomei Bie. "Research on the Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus after Cold Stress." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071534.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is a common food pathogen and has a strong tolerance to environmental stress. Here, the biofilm formation of S. aureus strains after cold stress for 24 weeks were investigated. It was found that the biofilm formation of S. aureus CICC 21600, CICC 22942, W1, W3, and C1 cells was enhanced after cold stress for 20 weeks. What is more, the mRNA levels of the clfA, icaA, icaB, icaC or icaD genes in these strains were increased for >2-fold. The increased gene transcription levels were consistent with the increase in the polysaccharide content in the biofilm matrix of these S. aureus strains after cold stress. Meanwhile, hydrophobicity and the adhesion proteins also played a role in the formation of biofilms. The biofilm of S. aureus cells can be effectively degraded by snailase and proteinase K (125 µg/mL + 20 µg/mL) mixture. In summary, S. aureus frozen at −20 °C for 12 to 20 weeks is still a potential hazard. Food factory equipment should be cleaned in a timely manner to avoid outbreaks of foodborne pathogenic bacteria due to contamination.
23
Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj, Arumugam Kamaladevi, Krishnaswamy Balamurugan, and Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian. "In VitroandIn VivoBiofilm Characterization of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusfrom Patients Associated with Pharyngitis Infection." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1289157.
Full textAbstract:
The present investigation was deliberately aimed at evaluating the biofilm-forming ability of 63 clinical MRSA isolates recovered from pharyngitis patients through different phenotypic assays. The molecular detection of adhesion (icaA/icaD/icaB/icaC), adhesins (fnbA/fnbB,clfA, andcna), staphylococcal accessory regulator (sarA), andα-toxin (hla) genes was done by employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 63 isolates, 49 (77.8%) were found slime positive by the Congo red agar (CRA) method and 44 (69.8%) as biofilm positive by the quantitative microtitre plate assays. The results of MATH assay showed that most of the test pathogens are hydrophilic in nature. The molecular investigation of biofilm-associated genes revealed that 84.13% (n=53) of isolates were found positive foricaADBCgenes. ThefnbAandfnbBgenes were present in 49 (77.8%) and 51 (81%) MRSA isolates, respectively. In addition, 58.7% (n=37), 73% (n=46), and 69.8% (n=44) of the isolates harboured theclfA,cna, andhlagenes, respectively. Further, nearly 81% (n=51) of the isolates were found positive for the genesarAand all theicanegative isolates were also negative for the gene. Furthermore, the results ofin vivoadherence assay unveiled the factual commonness in thein vitroadherence method.
24
Goudarzi, Mehdi, Anis Mohammadi, Anahita Amirpour, Maryam Fazeli, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Ali Hashemi, and Hossein Goudarzi. "Genetic diversity and biofilm formation analysis of Staphylococcus aureus causing urinary tract infections in Tehran, Iran." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 09 (September 30, 2019): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11329.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Over the past decades, prevalence of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus strains has significantly increased in urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of biofilm forming and adhesion encoding genes and to analyze distribution of different agr and spa types in S. aureus isolates.
Methodology: In the present study, 75 S. aureus isolates obtained from patients with urinary tract infections were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Adhesion, biofilm, and spa encoding genes were detected by PCR screening; agr types were determined using multiplex PCR.
Results: Among the 75 isolates, 72% were biofilm producers and 28% were non-biofilm producers. Notably, the ability to produce biofilm was higher among MRSA strains ompared to MSSA strains. The most prevalent biofilm forming gene was icaD (77.3%), followed by icaA (76%), icaB (57.3%) and icaC (50.7%). Adhesion genes clfA, clfB, fnbB, can, fnbA, ebp and bap were detected in 94.7%, 92%, 68%, 64%, 64%, 60% and 5.3% of the isolates, respectively. The spa types t426 and t7789 were found among the non-MDR isolates. It was found that t790, t084, t7789 and t325 spa types were biofilm producers, while t426 and t1339 spa types were non-biofilm producers.
Conclusion: Biofilm encoding genes icaD and spa type t790 and agr type III were the most prevalent factors among MDR biofilm producer isolates. The study emphasized that identification of genes and characterization of molecular types involved in biofilm formation should be considered.
25
Allignet, Jeanine, Sylvie Aubert, Keith G. H. Dyke, and Nevine El Solh. "Staphylococcus caprae Strains Carry Determinants Known To Be Involved in Pathogenicity: a Gene Encoding an Autolysin-Binding Fibronectin and the ica Operon Involved in Biofilm Formation." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.712-718.2001.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The atlC gene (1,485 bp), encoding an autolysin which binds fibronectin, and the ica operon, involved in biofilm formation, were isolated from the chromosome of an infectious isolate of Staphylococcus caprae and sequenced. AtlC (155 kDa) is similar to the staphylococcal autolysins Atl, AtlE, Aas (48 to 72% amino acid identity) and contains a putative signal peptide of 29 amino acids and two enzymatic centers (N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) interconnected by three imperfect fibronectin-binding repeats. The glycine-tryptophan (GW) motif found in the central and end part of each repeat may serve for cell surface anchoring of AtlC as they do in Listeria monocytogenes. The S. caprae ica operon contains four genes closely related to S. epidermidis and S. aureus icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaDgenes (≥ 68% similarity) and is preceded by a gene similar toicaR (≥70% similarity). The polypeptides deduced from theS. caprae ica genes exhibit 67 to 88% amino acid identity to those of S. epidermidis and S. aureus icagenes. The ica operon and icaR gene were analyzed in 14 S. caprae strains from human specimens or goats' milk. Some of the strains produced biofilm, and others did not. All strains carry the ica operon and icaR of the same sizes and in the same relative positions, suggesting that the absence of biofilm formation is not related to the insertion of a mobile element such as an insertion sequence or a transposon.
26
Vallejo, Miguel A., Javier Rivera, Joaquim Esteve-Vives, and Group Icaf. "Development of a self-reporting tool to obtain a Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF*)." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 8, no. 1 (2010): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-2.
Full text
27
Jiang, Hong, Zuxiang Luan, Zhaobing Fan, Xinliang Wu, Ziheng Xu, Tiezhong Zhou, and Hongjun Wang. "Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Obtained from Fresh Sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba: Bioactive Polysaccharide that Can Be Exploited as a Novel Biocontrol Agent." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518403.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm plays an important role in the persistence of chronic infection due to its resistance to antibiotics. Because of their functional diversity, active polysaccharide is increasingly being applied as a biocontrol agent to inhibit the formation of biofilm by pathogens. In this study, a new polysaccharide, GBSPII-1, isolated from the fresh sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba L. (G. biloba) was characterized and its effect on antibiofilm formation of S. aureus was examined in vitro. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that GBSPII-1 is an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. GBSPII-1 demonstrated a molecular weight of 34 kDa and may affect the accumulation of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) by inhibiting icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD gene expression at subinhibitory concentrations. Under 10 g/L, GBSPII-1 showed an antioxidant effect on the inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis and the scavenging rate of DPPH radicals was 76.5 ± 0.5% and 89.2 ± 0.26%, respectively. The findings obtained in this study indicate that GBSPII-1 has antibacterial effect, is a possible source of natural antioxidants, and may be a potential biocontrol agent for the design of new therapeutic strategies for biofilm-related S. aureus infections.
28
Eldrehmy, E. H., S. M. Abdel-Hafez, Y. S. Alghamdi, M. M. Soliman, S. H. Alotaibi, A. Alkhedaide, M. Y. Hassan, H. H. Amer, and Nada Alqadri. "Quercetin mediated inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and the impact of the isolate phenotype and genotype." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3/mrn-1693.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: This study was designed to assess the antibiofilm activity of quercetin on characterized S. aureus isolates. Methodology: This study evaluated 36 S. aureus isolates, each of which was identified using Gram staining, culture, biochemical, and PCR assays. Isolates were cultured and their biofilm production was evaluated using Congo red agar (CRA) plates, microtiter plate tests and PCR, and the effects of quercetin were examined. Results: The CRA results revealed that eight (22.3%) S. aureus isolates were strongly positive for biofilm production and an additional 18 isolates (50%) showed moderate biofilm capacity. The remaining 10 isolates were negative (27.7%) for biofilm production. S. aureus isolates were divided into strong positive, intermediate, and negative groups, 27.8%, 44.5%, and 27.7%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the biofilm-producing isolates appeared as aggregates of cells within a heavy matrix. In addition, PCR assay identified IcaA and IcaD (66.6% for both) biofilm production genes in most isolates and IcaC (61.1%), IcaB, FnbB (33.3% for both), and Fib (22.2%) in several other strains. Quercetin significantly inhibited biofilm activity in biofilm producing S. aureus isolates in a dose-dependent manner, with an inhibition rate of 29.6-87.7%. Interpretation: Biofilm production is dependent on Ica gene phenotype and strains with an IcaABCD or IcaABD phenotype produce more biofilm than strains with IcaAD phenotype. Quercetin significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm production, irrespective of Ica phenotype.
29
Rachmawati, Dian, Kuntaman Kuntaman, and Lindawati Alimsardjono. "The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i4.17311.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.
30
Rachmawati, Dian, Kuntaman Kuntaman, and Lindawati Alimsardjono. "The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 4 (January 14, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i4.24388.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.
31
Alvarez, J. L., and G. Vassort. "Properties of the low threshold Ca current in single frog atrial cardiomyocytes. A comparison with the high threshold Ca current." Journal of General Physiology 100, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 519–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.100.3.519.
Full textAbstract:
The properties of the low threshold Ca current (ICaT) in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) isolated atrial cardiomyocytes were studied using the whole-cell recording patch-clamp technique and compared with those of the high threshold Ca current (ICaL). In 91% of atrial cells we observed both ICaT and ICaL when collagenase and trypsin were used to dissociate the cells. But when pronase was used, only 30% of the cells exhibited ICaT. ICaT was never found in ventricular cells. ICaT could be investigated more easily when ICaL was inhibited by Cd ions (50 microM). Its kinetics were unchanged by substituting Ba for Ca, or in the presence of high concentrations of Ba. Both ICaT and ICaL exhibited reduced inactivation after high depolarizing prepulses. ICaT was found to be sensitive to dihydropyridines: 1 microM nifedipine decreased this current while 1 microM BAY K 8644 increased it; this occurred without significant variations in the steady-state inactivation curve. ICaT was more sensitive than ICaL to alpha 1-adrenergic and P2-purinergic stimulations, while ICaL was more sensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Isoproterenol was still able to increase ICaT in the presence of high intracellular cAMP. Both currents were increased by 1 microM ouabain (although ICaL only transiently) and decreased by 10 microM ouabain. It is concluded that the two types of Ca channels can be observed in bullfrog atrial cells and that they are specifically altered by pharmacological agents and neuromediators. This may have implications for cardiac behavior.
32
Shin, Jaewon, Jong-Won Chung, Moo Seok Park, Hanul Lee, Jihoon Cha, Woo-Keun Seo, Gyeong-Moon Kim, and Oh Young Bang. "Outcomes after ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerosis vs dissection." Neurology 91, no. 19 (October 5, 2018): e1751-e1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006459.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes between patients with nontraumatic intracranial arterial dissection (ICAD) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) using high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI).MethodsWe conducted a prospective study using HR-MRI in patients with acute symptomatic cerebrovascular disease due to intracranial occlusive disease and no dissection on luminal images. Patients were followed-up for 27.9 ± 19.3 months. We compared the functional outcome, recurrence, and changes in vascular status between patients with ICAD (dissection and no plaque on HR-MRI) and ICAS (atherosclerosis plaque on HR-MRI).ResultsWe included 312 patients (mean age, 59.0 ± 14.2 years; men, 58.3%), of whom 113 had ICAD and 199 had ICAS. The functional outcome (as measured by modified Rankin Scale score) on the 90th day after symptom onset was not different between the groups, after adjusted for other factors (p = 0.095). However, recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular disease on the relevant vascular territory was lower in the ICAD group (7 patients, 6.2%) than in the ICAS group (37 patients, 18.6%). ICAD was a significant independent determinant of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.98). Improvement in vascular stenosis on follow-up vascular studies was more frequently observed in ICAD (50.7%) than in ICAS (11.6%). ICAD was an independent determinant of vascular improvement (odds ratio, 7.94; 95% confidence interval, 3.32–19.01).ConclusionConsidering the high prevalence of ICAD in the patients with presumed ICAS and the differential outcomes between ICAD and ICAS, HR-MRI may be a useful diagnostic tool in this population.
33
Caligiuri, Giuseppina, Jennifer Thalappillil, Juliene Hinds, Elise T. Courtois, William F. Flynn, Paul Robson, Alexander Dobin, Youngkyu Park, and David A. Tuveson. "Abstract 1563: Spatial transcriptomics reveals heterogeneity and pathway dependencies of cancer associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1563.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a deadly disease characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a dense stroma that encapsulates the tumor, making therapeutic targeting particularly challenging. One of the main cellular components of PDA tumor microenvironment (TME) is cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), whose function is to sustain tumor growth and provide structural support to the TME. Previously, we established the existence of three transcriptional subtypes of CAFs, myCAF, iCAF and apCAF, each with distinct functions and location in respect to cancer cells. Two of these subtypes, myCAF and iCAF, display a highly plastic potential in vitro and can transdifferentiate into one another upon activation of specific signaling pathways. The plasticity observed supports the existence of transitional CAF sub-states that have previously eluded observation due to technical limitations to their isolation. Through a combination of spatial transcriptomics and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on tumor samples obtained from KPC (KrasLSL-G12D; p53LSL-R172H; PDX-CRE) and FPC (KrasFrt-LSL-G12V-Frt; p53LSL-R172H; PDX-CRE; Rosa26FlpOERT2) mice, two PDA mouse models displaying a Kras G12D and G12V mutation respectively, we were able to confirm the presence of the previously identified CAF subtypes and two additional CAF sub-states. These sub-states are associated with the expression of specific markers and display different pathway enrichment. Notably, Kras G12D and G12V mutations generate similar organization of the stroma and heterogeneity of the CAF population. Subsequently, to understand the contribution of activating Kras mutation to these CAF phenotypes, we utilized the unique feature of the FPC mouse model which allows the excision of Kras G12V once the tumor has fully developed. Through FISH analysis, we observed deep reorganization of the stroma and a shift in marker expressions within the CAF populations upon Kras excision. Overall, the data here presented offers insight into the diversity of PDA CAFs and the role of mutated Kras in regulating CAF subtypes and stromal organization. Citation Format: Giuseppina Caligiuri, Jennifer Thalappillil, Juliene Hinds, Elise T. Courtois, William F. Flynn, Paul Robson, Alexander Dobin, Youngkyu Park, David A. Tuveson. Spatial transcriptomics reveals heterogeneity and pathway dependencies of cancer associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1563.
34
Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, Wioleta, Joanna Gajewska, Arkadiusz Józef Zakrzewski, Cinzia Caggia, and Anna Zadernowska. "Molecular Analysis of Pathogenicity, Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMMs) and Biofilm Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Food." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021375.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a snapshot on the pathogenic traits within CoNS isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) food. Eighty-five strains were subjected to biofilm and slime production, as well as biofilm-associated genes (icaA, icaD, icaB, icaC, eno, bap, bhp, aap, fbe, embP and atlE), the insertion sequence elements IS256 and IS257 and hemolytic genes. The results showed that the most prevalent determinants responsible for the primary adherence were eno (57.6%) and aap (56.5%) genes. The icaADBC operon was detected in 45.9% of the tested strains and was correlated to slime production. Moreover, most strains carrying the icaADBC operon simultaneously carried the IS257 insertion sequence element. Among the genes encoding for surface proteins involved in the adhesion to abiotic surfaces process, atlE was the most commonly (31.8%) followed by bap (4.7%) and bhp (1.2%). The MSCRAMMs, including fbe and embp were detected in the 11.8% and 28.2% of strains, respectively. A high occurrence of genes involved in the hemolytic toxin production were detected, such as hla_yiD (50.6%), hlb (48.2%), hld (41.2%) and hla_haem (34.1%). The results of the present study revealed an unexpected occurrence of the genes involved in biofilm production and the high hemolytic activity among the CoNS strains, isolated from RTE food, highlighting that this group seems to be acquiring pathogenic traits similar to those of S. aureus, suggesting the need to be included in the routine microbiological analyses of food.
35
Vallejo, Miguel A., Javier Rivera, Joaquim Esteve-Vives, and Javier Rejas. "A confirmatory study of the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF*): factorial structure, reliability and sensitivity to change." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 9, no. 1 (2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-39.
Full text
36
GRAY, I. "ICAF 87 20th conference and 14th symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical FatigueOttawa, Canada, 8–9 June 1987." International Journal of Fatigue 10, no. 2 (April 1988): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(88)90052-7.
Full text
37
Vallejo, Miguel A., Laura Vallejo-Slocker, Martin Offenbaecher, Jameson K. Hirsch, Loren L. Toussaint, Niko Kohls, Fuschia Sirois, and Javier Rivera. "Psychological Flexibility Is Key for Reducing the Severity and Impact of Fibromyalgia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147300.
Full textAbstract:
Fibromyalgia has a significant impact on the lives of patients; symptoms are influenced by psychological factors, such as psychological flexibility and catastrophizing. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of these variables in moderating the association between the severity and impact of fibromyalgia symptoms. A total of 187 patients from a general hospital population were evaluated using the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). A series of multiple regression analyses were carried out using the PROCESS macro and decision tree analysis. The results show that psychological flexibility modulates the relation between severity and the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms. Catastrophism has residual importance and depends on the interaction with psychological flexibility. Interaction occurs if the severity of the disease is in transition from a mild to a moderate level and accounts for 40.1% of the variance in the sample. These aspects should be considered for evaluation and early intervention in fibromyalgia patients.
38
Mohamad, Dlnya. "MOLECULAR STUDY OF BIOFILM PRODUCTION BY METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS." Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences 17, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2019): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22578/ijms.17.3-4.5.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Staphylococci are a group of bacteria that cause diseases ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening bacteremia. Biofilm formation was determined by a number of methods and is available to detect the capability of staphylococci to colonize the biomedical devices. The icaA and icaD have been reported to play a significant role in biofilm formation. Objective:To achieve and detect the molecular basis of adhesion properties in respect to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Methods:Clinical samples were taken from Burn patients; identified and Methicillin susceptibility was tested. The genes icaA and icaD were amplified in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and aligned with the previous recorded sequences online. Results:There was a great correlation between the presence of icaD genes and the slime production. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus did not reveal any correlation between icaA and icaD and slime layer production; nonetheless, a correlation was noticed between icaD alone and a biofilm production Conclusion:The present findings indicated that methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was able to form biofilm. None of the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates harboured icaA; while 100% of them contained icaD. Keywords:Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, icaA, icaD gene Citation:Mohamad DA. Molecular study of biofilm production by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(3&4): 191-200. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.3&4.5
39
Altayb, Hisham N., Hana S. Elbadawi, Othman Baothman, Imran Kazmi, Faisal A. Alzahrani, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Salman Hosawi, and Kamel Chaieb. "Whole-Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Carrying Biofilm-Associated Genes and a Unique Composite of SCCmec." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070861.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal human flora that has recently become an important opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and tends to be multidrug-resistant. In this investigation, we aimed to study the genomic characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis isolated from clinical specimens. Three isolates were identified using biochemical tests and evaluated for drug susceptibility. Genomic DNA sequences were obtained using Illumina, and were processed for analysis using various bioinformatics tools. The isolates showed multidrug resistance to most of the antibiotics tested in this study, and were identified with three types (III(3A), IV(2B&5), and VI(4B)) of the mobile genetic element SCCmec that carries the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and its regulators (mecI and mecR1). A total of 11 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was identified as chromosomally mediated or in plasmids; these genes encode for proteins causing decreased susceptibility to methicillin (mecA), penicillin (blaZ), fusidic acid (fusB), fosfomycin (fosB), tetracycline (tet(K)), aminoglycosides (aadD, aac(6′)-aph(2′’)), fluoroquinolone (MFS antibiotic efflux pump), trimethoprim (dfrG), macrolide (msr(A)), and chlorhexidine (qacA)). Additionally, the 9SE strain belongs to the globally disseminated ST2, and harbors biofilm-formation genes (icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and IS256) with phenotypic biofilm production capability. It also harbors the fusidic acid resistance gene (fusB), which could increase the risk of device-associated healthcare infections, and 9SE has been identified as having a unique extra SCC gene (ccrB4); this new composite element of the ccr type needs more focus to better understand its role in the drug resistance mechanism.
40
Silva, Vanessa, Luciana Almeida, Vânia Gaio, Nuno Cerca, Vera Manageiro, Manuela Caniça, José L. Capelo, Gilberto Igrejas, and Patrícia Poeta. "Biofilm Formation of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA Strains Isolated from Different Types of Human Infections." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080970.
Full textAbstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main pathogens causing chronic infections, mainly due to its capacity to form biofilms. However, the mechanisms underlying the biofilm formation of MRSA strains from different types of human infections are not fully understood. MRSA strains isolated from distinct human infections were characterized aiming to determine their biofilm-forming capacity, the biofilm resistance to conventional antibiotics and the prevalence of biofilm-related genes, including, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, cna, eno, ebpS, fib and bbp. Eighty-three clinical MRSA strains recovered from bacteremia episodes, osteomyelitis and diabetic foot ulcers were used. The biofilm-forming capacity was evaluated by the microtiter biofilm assay and the biofilm structure was analyzed via confocal scanning laser microscopy. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24-h-old biofilms was assessed against three antibiotics and the biomass reduction was measured. The metabolic activity of biofilms was evaluated by the XTT assay. The presence of biofilm-related genes was investigated by whole-genome sequencing and by PCR. Despite different intensities, all strains showed the capacity to form biofilms. Most strains had also a large number of biofilm-related genes. However, strains isolated from osteomyelitis showed a lower capacity to form biofilms and also a lower prevalence of biofilm-associated genes. There was a significant reduction in the biofilm biomass of some strains tested against antibiotics. Our results provide important information on the biofilm-forming capacity of clinical MRSA strains, which may be essential to understand the influence of different types of infections on biofilm production and chronic infections.
41
Vallejo, M. A., J. Rivera, J. Esteve-Vives, and J. Rejas. "S236 A CONFIRMATORY STUDY OF THE COMBINED INDEX OF SEVERITY OF FIBROMYALGIA (ICAF): FACTORIAL STRUCTURE, RELIABILITY AND SENSITIVITY TO CHANGE." European Journal of Pain Supplements 5, S1 (September 2011): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1754-3207(11)70802-1.
Full text
42
Chaubey, Aditi H., and Michael E. Feigin. "Abstract C061: Alternative polyadenylation regulates gene expression within the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): C061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-c061.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is that about 90% of its tumor volume can be made up of dense, fibrotic stroma. Multiple studies have shown that this dense stroma strongly influences disease progression and drug delivery. Amongst the cells that make up the stroma, Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are important regulators directly affecting cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. CAFs are a heterogeneous population, including inflammatory, myofibroblastic, and antigen-presenting CAFs, each with specific functional contributions to the cancer phenotype. While we have been able to define CAFs phenotypically, we lack a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying their transcriptional heterogeneity and ultimately their contribution in driving PDAC progression. Our lab has previously shown that 3’UTR-Alternative Polyadenylation (APA) is a key mechanism underlying gene dysregulation in PDAC. APA machinery makes use of multiple Poly A Sites (PAS) in a transcript and leads to the formation of distinct isoforms of mRNA with varying lengths, commonly referred to as short or long isoforms. This lengthening and shortening of mRNA modulates mRNA stability, protein expression, and localization, thus directly affecting cellular processes including proliferation, metastasis, and migration. We have now extended these findings to an analysis of APA events within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We find that 3’ UTR shortening is significantly associated with inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), and that these APA events are correlated with gene expression changes in iCAF marker genes. We hypothesize that APA is a crucial driver of heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment of PDAC. We have begun to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these gene regulatory changes in vitro using human-derived CAF cell lines via genetic and pharmacological inhibition of APA. Understanding these mechanisms may help us find druggable targets that may eventually affect the overall outcomes of PDAC patients. Citation Format: Aditi H Chaubey, Michael E Feigin. Alternative polyadenylation regulates gene expression within the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C061.
43
Juárez-Verdayes, Marco A., Miriam L. Ramón-Peréz, Luis A. Flores-Páez, Omar Camarillo-Márquez, Juan C. Zenteno, Janet Jan-Roblero, Mario E. Cancino-Diaz, and Juan C. Cancino-Diaz. "Staphylococcus epidermidis with the icaA− /icaD− /IS256 − genotype and protein or protein/extracellular-DNA biofilm is frequent in ocular infections." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.055210-0.
Full textAbstract:
In ocular infections (OIs) caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, biofilms composed mainly of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) have been widely studied, but PNAG-independent biofilms have not. Therefore, we searched for a relationship between the ica operon (involved in PNAG-biofilm) and the biochemical composition of biofilms in isolates from OI. Isolates from OI (n = 62), from healthy conjunctiva (HC; n = 45) and from healthy skin (HS; n = 53), were used to detect icaA and icaD genes, and the insertion sequence 256 (IS256) using PCR. The compositions of the biofilms were determined by treatment with NaIO4, proteinase K and DNase I. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to characterize the isolates, and the expression of aap and embp genes was determined by real-time qPCR. A strong relationship between the icaA −/icaD −/IS256 − genotype and protein- or protein/extracellular DNA (eDNA)-biofilm composition was found in the isolates from OI (53.6 %), whereas the icaA +/icaD +/IS256 − genotype and carbohydrate-biofilm was most prevalent in isolates from HC (25 %) and HS (25 %). Isolates with an icaA −/icaD −/IS256 − genotype and protein-biofilm phenotype were predominantly of the ST2 lineage, while carbohydrate-biofilm-producing strains were mainly of the ST9 lineage. The protein-biofilm-producing strains had higher expression levels of aap gene than carbohydrate-biofilm-producing strains; while embp gene did not have the same pattern of expression. These results suggest that S. epidermidis strains with icaA− /icaD− /IS256 − genotype and protein- or protein/eDNA-biofilms have a stronger ability to establish in the eye than S. epidermidis strains with icaA+ /icaD+ /IS256 − genotype and PNAG-biofilms.
44
Suryanditha, Putu Arya, Yoeke Dewi Rasita, Kartuti Debora, and K. Kuntaman. "icaA/D Genes and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya." Folia Medica Indonesiana 54, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v54i4.10709.
Full textAbstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern. One of the factors causing hospital infection is related to the ability of MRSA bacteria to form biofilms. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), encoded by ica gene, have an important role in S. aureus intracellular accumulation and aggregation. The aims of this study was to analyze the relationship between icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production in MRSA carrier and clinical isolate in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. This study was an observational study using cross sectional approach. The sample was 47 MRSA isolates is as follow 28 isolates from carrier and 19 were clinical isolates. All of MRSA isolates carried mecA gene. PCR was performed to detect icaA and icaD genes. Biofilm formation was detected using microtiter plate assay (MTP). icaA gene was detected in all isolates whereas icaD gene in 96,4% carrier isolates and all (100%) of clinical isolates. Positive MTP results showed in all (100%) of carrier isolates and 57,9% of clinical isolates. Statistic result was significantly different in biofilm formation between carrier and clinical MRSA isolates. The proportion of positive biofilm formation in isolate with positive icaA/D genes was 82.6%. There was not any association between icaA and icaD gene with biofilm production.
45
Zhang, Xiang, Shangyou Zheng, Chonghui Hu, Guolin Li, Hongcao Lin, Renpeng Xia, Yuancheng Ye, et al. "Cancer-associated fibroblast-induced lncRNA UPK1A-AS1 confers platinum resistance in pancreatic cancer via efficient double-strand break repair." Oncogene 41, no. 16 (March 9, 2022): 2372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-022-02253-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe tumor stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundant and heterogeneous population of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are critically involved in chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs in chemoresistance is unclear. Here, we show that CAFR, a CAF subset derived from platinum-resistant PDAC patients, assumes an iCAF phenotype and produces more IL8 than CAFS isolated from platinum-sensitive PDAC patients. CAFR-derived IL8 promotes oxaliplatin chemoresistance in PDAC. Based on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiling in tumor cells incubated with CAF-CM, we found that UPK1A-AS1, whose expression is directly induced by IL8/NF-kappa B signaling, functions as a chemoresistance-promoting lncRNA and is critical for active IL8-induced oxaliplatin resistance. Impressively, blocking the activation of UPK1A-AS1 expression increases the oxaliplatin sensitivity of tumor cells in vivo. Mechanistically, UPK1A-AS1 strengthens the interaction between Ku70 and Ku80 to facilitate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), thereby enhancing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Clinically, UPK1A-AS1 expression is positively correlated with IL8 expression, a poor chemotherapeutic response and a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) time in advanced PDAC patients. Collectively, our study reveals a lncRNA-mediated mechanism of CAF-derived paracrine IL8-dependent oxaliplatin resistance and highlights UPK1A-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target.
46
Deshpande, Nilesh, Anna Bianchi, Iago De Castro Silva, Vanessa Garrido, Siddharth Mehra, Samara Singh, Ifeanyichukwu Ogobuiro, Nagaraj Nagathihalli, Nipun B. Merchant, and Jashodeep Datta. "Abstract C031: Targeting granulocytic MDSC-derived inflammasome activation to overcome stromal inflammation in pancreatic cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): C031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-c031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective: The major drivers of therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are myeloid cell-derived signaling that sustains immune tolerance/exclusion, and interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated inflammatory polarization of cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAF) which promotes stromal inflammation by elaborating soluble factors (i.e., CXCL1, IL-6) that further accelerate myeloid chemotaxis. Moreover, we have recently shown that enrichment of pathways related to inflammasome activation-which involves recruitment of ASC complexes culminating in IL-1β generation—is a major contributor to chemoresistance in advanced PDAC patients. However, how these disparate pathways converge to mediate stromal inflammation in PDAC is incompletely understood. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and caspase-1 luminescence assays in human and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) PDAC models were interrogated to identify cellular source of inflammasome-derived IL-1β. Gene set enrichment analysis in bulk RNA-sequencing data and signal transduction studies examined novel pathways associated with inflammasome activation in granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSC). scRNAseq and ASC-speck formation via confocal microscopy in intratumoral gMDSCs was performed in PKT mice treated with a novel anti-ASC antibody. Results: scRNAseq in human and GEM PDAC models revealed gMDSCs as the dominant source of inflammasome activation-derived IL1B expression. Functionally, caspase-1 activation and ASC-speck formation was strongest in intratumoral gMDSCs, compared with tumor-cell, CAF, macrophage, T-cell, and dendritic cell, compartments. Investigating developmental trajectories of single-cell transcriptomes in intratumoral gMDSCs from Panc02 tumors revealed an activated Cd14+ gMDSC state with strong co-expression of Cxcr2 and Il1b. As such, treatment of PKT GEM and orthotopically injected KPC tumor-bearing mice with CXCR2 inhibitor AZD5069 significantly abrogated inflammasome activation in intratumoral and splenic gMDSCs. In vitro signal transduction and RNA-seq studies revealed cooperativity between Tlr4-Myd88 and Cxcr2-Tpl2-p38 signaling in activating gMDSC-restricted inflammasome signaling. Co-culture of intratumoral gMDSCs and KPC CAFs ex vivo revealed strong induction of CAF-intrinsic Il6/Cxcl1 expression, which was dependent in part on CAF-Il1r1 expression and inflammasome activation in gMDSCs. We next used antibody to target ASC-a common downstream adaptor complex inducing inflammasomes-in vivo. Treatment of PKT mice with this anti-ASC antibody significantly attenuated ASC-speck formation in intratumoral gMDSCs as well as CAF-specific Il6/Cxcl1 expression via scRNAseq. Conclusions: These data uncover granulocytic MDSCs as the dominant source of inflammasome activation derived-IL1β in the PDAC TME, which promotes stromal inflammation via iCAF polarization. Therapeutic approaches-such as anti-ASC treatment-targeting gMDSC-intrinsic inflammasome activation may mitigate stromal inflammation and overcome therapeutic resistance in PDAC. Citation Format: Nilesh Deshpande, Anna Bianchi, Iago De Castro Silva, Vanessa Garrido, Siddharth Mehra, Samara Singh, Ifeanyichukwu Ogobuiro, Nagaraj Nagathihalli, Nipun B. Merchant, Jashodeep Datta. Targeting granulocytic MDSC-derived inflammasome activation to overcome stromal inflammation in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr C031.
47
Oufrid, Salwa, Zineb Ghazlane, Loubna Jamali, Fatima El Otmani, Mustapha Talmi, Naima Elmdaghri, Khalid Zerouali, and Mohammed Timinouni. "Correlation between staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro and potential for catheter-related infections." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 04 (April 15, 2015): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4839.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The present study evaluated biofilm-forming capacity and the presence of both icaA and icaD genes among staphylococcal strains isolated from catheter-related infections and blood culture. Methodology: Ninety staphylococcal isolates, which included 45 strains of catheter infection origin and 45 strains of blood culture origin, were tested for their ability to produce biofilm using microtiter test plates and a catheter test. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the 45 strains of catheter infection origin, 22 (48.88%) formed biofilm. In comparison, only 10 (22.22%) of the 45 strains of blood culture origin formed biofilms. Similar results were obtained from both the microplate test and catheter test. In the 32 strains that were able to form biofilm, 30 were positive for icaA and icaD genes, and the remaining 2 strains were negative for both genes. Fifteen staphylococcal strains of all origins presented only the icaA locus and did not form biofilm. In 88 of 90 tested strains (97.77%), there was a positive correlation between biofilm production and presence of icaA and icaD genes, and between no biofilm production and absence of both or only one of the tested genes. Conclusions: The ability of staphylococcal isolates to form biofilm in vitro appears to be an indication of a virulence trait that enhances the ability of isolates to cause catheter-related infections. In addition, our results indicate an important role of ica genes and phenotypic variability of biofilm production as virulence factors in staphylococcal infections.
48
Schütz, W. "ICAF '91 Tokyo. Aeronautical Fatigue Key to Safety and Structural Integrity Editor:A. Kobayashi, Ryoin Co., Ltd. and Engineering Materials Advisory Services Ltd. 1991." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23, no. 12 (December 1992): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19920231206.
Full text
49
"IAAC and ICAF join up thinking." Network Security 2001, no. 11 (November 2001): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(01)01109-6.
Full text
50
Mello, Ashley M., Tenzin Ngodup, Yusoo Lee, Katelyn L. Donahue, Jinju Li, Arvind Rao, Eileen S. Carpenter, Howard C. Crawford, Marina Pasca di Magliano, and Kyoung Eun Lee. "Hypoxia promotes an inflammatory phenotype of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer." Oncogenesis 11, no. 1 (September 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41389-022-00434-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory stroma and often experiences conditions of insufficient oxygen availability or hypoxia. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a predominant and heterogeneous population of stromal cells within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Here, we uncover a previously unrecognized role for hypoxia in driving an inflammatory phenotype in PDAC CAFs. We identify hypoxia as a strong inducer of tumor IL1ɑ expression, which is required for inflammatory CAF (iCAF) formation. Notably, iCAFs preferentially reside in hypoxic regions of PDAC. Our data implicate hypoxia as a critical regulator of CAF heterogeneity in PDAC.