Relevant bibliographies by topics / ICAF

Academic literature on the topic 'ICAF'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ICAF"

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Ivanov, Andrei I., and Ronald L. Calabrese. "Graded Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission Between Leech Interneurons: Assessing the Roles of Two Kinetically Distinct Low-Threshold Ca Currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01093.2005.

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In leeches, two pairs of reciprocally inhibitory heart interneurons that form the core oscillators of the pattern-generating network for heartbeat possess both high- and low-threshold (HVA and LVA) Ca channels. LVA Ca current has two kinetically distinct components (one rapidly activating/inactivating, ICaF, and another slowly activating/inactivating, ICaS) that mediate graded transmission, generate plateau potentials driving burst formation, and modulate spike-mediated transmission between heart interneurons. Here we used different stimulating protocols and inorganic Ca channel blockers to separate the effects of ICaF and ICaS on graded synaptic transmission and determine their interaction and relative efficacy. Ca2+ entering by ICaF channels is more efficacious in mediating release than that entering by ICaS channels. The rate of Ca2+ entry by LVA Ca channels appears to be as critical as the amount of delivered Ca2+ for synaptic transmission. LVA Ca currents and associated graded transmission were selectively blocked by 1 mM Ni2+, leaving spike-mediated transmission unaffected. Nevertheless, 1 mM Ni2+ affected homosynaptic enhancement of spike-mediated transmission that depends on background Ca2+ provided by LVA Ca channels. Ca2+ provided by both ICaF and ICaS depletes a common pool of readily releasable synaptic vesicles. The balance between availability of vesicles and Ca2+ concentration and its time course determine the strength of inhibitory transmission between heart interneurons. We argue that Ca2+ from multichannel domains arising from ICaF channels, clustered near but not directly associated with the release trigger, and Ca2+ radially diffusing from generally distributed ICaS channels interact at common release sites to mediate graded transmission.
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Lippert, Anna L., Katherine A. Johnson, Cheri A. Pasch, Sean G. Kraus, Philip B. Emmerich, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, and Dustin A. Deming. "Abstract 3198: Validation and analysis of cancer associated fibroblast subtype markers in metastatic colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3198.

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Abstract Background: Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are a significant component of tumor stroma, and have an important impact on immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Two major subtypes of CAFs have been previously identified by literature: myofibroblastic (myCAF) and inflammatory (iCAF). Our lab has identified subtype markers for each CAF phenotype and previously analyzed a sampling of 153 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we validate these subtype markers and investigate CAF phenotypes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Dual immunofluorescence on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections was performed to analyze co-staining between combinations of myCAF markers, αSMA and TAGLN, and iCAF markers, PDPN and ICAM1. Slides were imaged using a fluorescent microscope. Also, tissue microarrays sampling 212 CRC patients spanning all stages of disease, 90 with matched metastatic cores, were stained via immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the CAF subtype markers then quantified on an intensity scale from 0-3+. iCAF and myCAF marker scores were averaged to get a composite score for each, then split into low (average score <2) and high (average score ≥2) groups. CD8 IHC stains were quantified as the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) per high power field (HPF) in the epithelial compartment. Results: Significant co-staining was observed between iCAF markers PDPN and ICAM1, as well as myCAF markers αSMA and TAGLN. Co-staining did not occur, or was minimal, between combinations of myCAF and iCAF markers. There is not significant different in abundance of iCAFs or myCAFs in primary site cores of patients with metastatic versus non-metastatic disease (p = 0.67 for iCAF, p = 0.57 for myCAF). Of matched primary and metastatic samples able to be scored, 43.3% of samples had a decrease in iCAF score from primary to metastatic site while only 18.8% increased. Overall, 34.4% of samples had a decrease in score of more than 1 and only 2.2% of samples had an increase of more than 1. However, the percentage of samples that had a decrease in myCAF score was 32.2% while 22.2% increased. In all primary cores of patients with metastatic disease, there was higher average CD8+ TILs in those with high iCAF scores compared to those with low iCAF scores (12.0 vs 5.5, p=0.03). There was not a significant difference in average CD8+ TILs in those with high myCAF scores compared to those with low myCAF scores (9.3 vs 7.1, p=0.7). Conclusions: Here, we validate the myCAF markers TAGLN and αSMA, as well as, iCAF markers ICAM1 and PDPN by demonstrating co-staining between CAFs of the same subtype and exclusion between different subtypes. These data indicate that that CAF phenotype correlates with CD8 T cell infiltration into the TME. iCAFs correlate with immune infiltration and myCAFs with immune exclusion. Citation Format: Anna L. Lippert, Katherine A. Johnson, Cheri A. Pasch, Sean G. Kraus, Philip B. Emmerich, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Validation and analysis of cancer associated fibroblast subtype markers in metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3198.
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Pratikno, Herman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah, Handayanu, and Gilang Rezha Mahardhika. "Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) to Reduce Population of Chlorella Vulgaris Cause Bio Corrosion on AH36 Steel in Marine Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912506001.

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Corrosion can cause damage to steel. One of the main causes of corrosion is biofouling. The Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) method is one way to prevent the microfouling. The purpose of the study was to calculate reduction of Chlorella Vulgaris population using a simple ICAF system. The simple ICAF reactor was operated with variation of electric current (0.3, 0.5 and 1 A) and duration time (5, 7 and 10 min). Steel of AH36 has a role as a cathode, meanwhile pure copper (Cu) was an anode. The cell number of Chlorella Vulgaris was determined using haemacytometer method. The concentration of Cu was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS). Based on the results, the simple ICAF system showed the decreasing of Chlorella Vulgaris cell number with the highest percentage of 99.98% at electrical current of 1 A, duration time of 10 min and concentration of Cu (17.9 ± 0.07 mg/L). Meanwhile, the lowest of the cell number reduction was 97.57% at electrical current of 0.3 A, duration time of 5 min and concentration of Cu (15.52 ± 0.25 mg/L). In conclusion, ion Cu that was produced during operation simple ICAF system can reduce Chlorella Vulgaris population.
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Marques, Carine S. F., Nathalia S. Barreto, Simone S. C. de Oliveira, André L. S. Santos, Marta H. Branquinha, Damião P. de Sousa, Mayara Castro, et al. "β-Cyclodextrin/Isopentyl Caffeate Inclusion Complex: Synthesis, Characterization and Antileishmanial Activity." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184181.

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Isopentyl caffeate (ICaf) is a bioactive ester widely distributed in nature. Our patented work has shown promising results of this molecule against Leishmania. However, ICaf shows poor solubility, which limits its usage in clinical settings. In this work, we have proposed the development of an inclusion complex of ICaf in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), with the aim to improve the drug solubility, and thus, its bioavailability. The inclusion complex (ICaf:β-CD) was developed applying three distinct methods, i.e., physical mixture (PM), kneading (KN) or co-evaporation (CO) in different molar proportions (0.25:1, 1:1 and 2:1). Characterization of the complexes was carried out by thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular docking. The ICaf:β-CD complex in a molar ratio of 1:1 obtained by CO showed the best complexation and, therefore, was selected for further analysis. Solubility assay showed a marked improvement in the ICaf:β-CD (CO, 1:1) solubility profile when compared to the pure ICaf compound. Cell proliferation assay using ICaf:β-CD complex showed an IC50 of 3.8 and 2.7 µg/mL against L. amazonesis and L. chagasi promastigotes, respectively. These results demonstrate the great potential of the inclusion complex to improve the treatment options for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases.
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Yamashita, Y., and N. Akaike. "Caffeine-induced chloride current in dissociated rat hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): C508—C513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.2.c508.

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Current responses to caffeine in single hepatocytes dissociated from adult rat liver were investigated with the conventional whole cell patch-recording configuration. Caffeine produced a sustained inward current (Icaf) with increasing conductance at a holding potential of -40 mV. The reversal potential of Icaf was close to the Cl- equilibrium potential. Icaf was not affected by the internal perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-amino-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or Cs+, whereas the Ca(2+)-activated K+ outward current elicited by A-23187 was inhibited by intracellular BAPTA or Cs+. A 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was about equipotent to 1 mM caffeine in inducing the current. Icaf was not modulated by the external application of N-(2-[methylamino]ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-8), a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, or intracellular perfusion with guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP beta S) or guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S). It was concluded that caffeine induced an increase in membrane Cl- conductance without utilizing the rise of intracellular free Ca2+ or adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and without mediating G protein, suggesting the possible existence of caffeine receptor-Cl- channel complexes on liver plasma membrane.
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Ibáñez-Vera, Alfonso Javier, Jerónimo Carmelo García-Romero, José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, and Rafael Lomas-Vega. "Effects of Monopolar Dielectric Radiofrequency Signals on the Symptoms of Fibromyalgia: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072465.

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Monopolar dielectric radiofrequency (MDR) is a non-invasive treatment for pain based on the local application of electromagnetic signals. The study’s goal was to analyze the effects of MDR on the symptoms of fibromyalgia. For this aim, a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 66 female participants (aged 47 ± 17.7) diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Participants were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 23), which received eight 20-minute sessions of MDR; a sham group, which received the same number of sessions of a sham MDR therapy (n = 22); or a control group (n = 21), which received usual care. The outcome variables included pain measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), score on the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and quality of life measured by the combined index of fibromyalgia severity (ICAF). A large effect size was observed for the local pain (R2 = 0.46), total ICAF (R2 = 0.42) and ICAF physical factor scores (R2 = 0.38). Significant mean differences were found for the local pain (p = 0.025) and ICAF physical factor (p = 0.031) scores of the experimental group in comparison with the sham group. No statistically significant differences between groups were found in HADS. In conclusion, MDR is more effective than either sham treatment or usual care in the short-term improvement of pain and the physical wellbeing of participants with fibromyalgia.
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Pratikno, Herman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah, and Muhammad Danesto Rizky Mauludin. "System Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) Against Micro Fouling (Bacteria) on Ship’s Cooling System." MATEC Web of Conferences 177 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817701013.

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Bio-fouling is the attachment and accumulation of an organism or micro-organism to a material. Bio-fouling is one of the causes of declining performance and quality in a system of structures, especially structures that have a direct relationship with the waters where the bio-fouling live and move. The research was conducting using a simple circuit that represents Impressed Current Anti Fouling (ICAF) system which is generally located on the cooling of the ship against micro-fouling or bacteria. Species of bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) in the marine environment was used as an object. The bacteria were introduced into the reactor containing the cathode and anode of this simple system, with inputs of experimental time variation of 3, 5 and 7 minutes and electrical current variation of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 Ampere. The determination of bacteria population was conducted using standard plate count methods. The results showed that ICAF system can reduce the bacteria populations. The largest percentage of Pseudomonas fluorescens reduction was 99.9%, while the smallest percentage showed 98.5% percentage. In conclusion, the simple of ICAF system can be used to prevent appearance of micro-fouling in marine environment.
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Johnson, Katherine Anne, Anna L. Lippert, Sean G. Kraus, Grace E. McGrath, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, and Dustin A. Deming. "Abstract 3533: Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib on cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes in colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3533.

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Abstract Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major regulators of the immune microenvironment and therapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Neutralizing their role in modulating the immune landscape could be the key to enhancing immunotherapy success. Imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors with several kinase targets. Methods: Tissue microarrays spanning 153 patients were stained for αSMA, TAGLN, PDPN, ICAM1, and CD8. CD8 stains were quantified as number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes per high powered field (TILs/HPF) in the epithelial compartment. All other stains were quantified by intensity on a 0-3+ scale. Scores for αSMA and TAGLN were combined into a myCAF score, and PDPN and ICAM1 into an iCAF score. myCAF gene expression signatures derived from a re-analysis of scRNA-seq data previously done by our lab were entered into the LINCS database to discover potential drugs to reverse the phenotype. Primary cancer associated fibroblasts were derived from patient tumor samples, then treated with clinically relevant concentrations of imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib for 96 hours. RNA was isolated and RT-qPCR was performed to quantify the myCAF genes ACTA2, COL11A1, and TAGLN, and the iCAF genes ICAM1, PDPN, IL1R1, CXCL1 and CXCL2. TGFB1 expression was also measured. Expression was normalized to untreated cells and GAPDH expression levels. Results: Cancers with high expression of myCAF markers but low expression of iCAF markers had the most CD8+ TILs (average 10.2; median 1.5; range 0-73), while cancers with low myCAF scores and high iCAF scores had the least (average 1.5; median 0; range 0-19; p < 0.01). Reversing the myCAF signature relative to iCAFs in the LINCs database revealed nilotinib as a top hit. Treatment with imatinib did not significantly alter the expression of myCAF genes (control vs. max dose: p = 0.06 for ACTA2, COL11A1 p =0.2, TAGLN p = 1), while treatment with dasatinib significantly increased these genes (ACTA2 1.4x higher, p < 0.001; COL11A1 2.6x higher, p < 0.01; TAGLN 1.5x higher, p < 0.001). Only treatment with nilotinib significantly decreased myCAF genes (ACTA2 2.2x lower, p <0.001; COL11A1 1.3x lower, p =0.05; TAGLN 1.9x lower, p < 0.01). All three drugs decreased iCAF gene CXCL1, and all but dasatinib decreased CXCL2. All three drugs significantly decreased TGFB1, a potential functional marker for altering myCAF phenotype (dasatinib 1.1x lower, p = 0.1; imatinib 1.6x lower, p < 0.001; nilotinib 1.5x lower, p < 0.05). Conclusions: myCAFs may be major actors in immune exclusion in the microenvironment, and the reversal of the myCAF phenotype may be a target for treatment with immunotherapy. Nilotinib, but not imatinib or dasatinib, is effective at decreasing expression of myCAF genes. Further research is warranted into the mechanisms of this drug on altering expression and whether these trends continue in vivo. Citation Format: Katherine Anne Johnson, Anna L. Lippert, Sean G. Kraus, Grace E. McGrath, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib on cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3533.
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Schwoerer, Simon, Manon Ros, Kaloyan Tsanov, Francesco Cimino, Scott Lowe, Carlos Carmona-Fontaine, and Craig Thompson. "Abstract PR018: Hypoxia synergizes with IL1 to promote an inflammatory fibroblast state in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment." Cancer Research 82, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2022): PR018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-pr018.

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Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a prominent desmoplastic response created by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that can acquire both tumor-promoting and -restraining functions. Recently, transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of CAFs have been identified in PDAC including tumor-restraining myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) producing extracellular matrix and tumor-promoting inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) secreting cytokines. While CAF heterogeneity can be driven in part by growth factor and cytokine gradients, other factors involved in shaping the CAF state in PDAC are largely unknown. Identifying and targeting such factors may help to drive CAFs from tumor-promoting into tumor-suppressive states. Hypoxia is a major environmental factor in the PDAC tumor microenvironment but its role in CAF plasticity is unknown. In this study, we use KPC organoid orthotopic transplantation and co-culture models to investigate the role of hypoxia in regulating the CAF state and functions. We find that iCAFs display a hypoxic gene expression and biochemical profile in vivo and are enriched in hypoxic regions of PDAC tumors. Hypoxia leads to acquisition of an inflammatory gene expression signature in fibroblasts and synergizes with cancer cell-derived IL1 to promote an iCAF phenotype in a HIF-1α dependent fashion. Furthermore, we show in PDAC organoid co-culture models that HIF-1α stabilization is sufficient to induce an iCAF phenotype in pancreatic stellate cells and to promote PDAC tumor growth in vivo in the absence of hypoxia. These data indicate Citation Format: Simon Schwoerer, Manon Ros, Kaloyan Tsanov, Francesco Cimino, Scott Lowe, Carlos Carmona-Fontaine, Craig Thompson. Hypoxia synergizes with IL1 to promote an inflammatory fibroblast state in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PR018.
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Díaz-Maroto, Natalia Guillén, Gemma Garcia-Vicién, Giovanna Polcaro, María Bañuls, Nerea Albert, Alberto Villanueva, and David G. Molleví. "The Blockade of Tumoral IL1β-Mediated Signaling in Normal Colonic Fibroblasts Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Chemotherapy and Prevents Inflammatory CAF Activation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094960.

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Heterotypic interactions between newly transformed cells and normal surrounding cells define tumor’s fate in incipient carcinomas. Once homeostasis has been lost, normal resident fibroblasts become carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, conferring protumorogenic properties on these normal cells. Here we describe the IL1β-mediated interplay between cancer cells and normal colonic myofibroblasts (NCFs), which bestows differential sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs on tumor cells. We used NCFs, their conditioned media (CM), and cocultures with tumor cells to characterize the IL1β-mediated crosstalk between both cell types. We silenced IL1β in tumor cells to demonstrate that such cells do not exert an influence on NCFs inflammatory phenotype. Our results shows that IL1β is overexpressed in cocultured tumor cells. IL1β enables paracrine signaling in myofibroblasts, converting them into inflammatory-CAFs (iCAF). IL1β-stimulated-NCF-CM induces migration and differential sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal tumor cells. Such chemoprotective effect has not been evidenced for TGFβ1-driven NCFs. IL1β induces the loss of a myofibroblastic phenotype in NCFs and acquisition of iCAF traits. In conclusion, IL1β-secreted by cancer cells modify surrounding normal fibroblasts to confer protumorogenic features on them, particularly tolerance to cytotoxic drugs. The use of IL1β-blocking agents might help to avoid the iCAF traits acquisition and consequently to counteract the protumorogenic actions these cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ICAF"

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Brynö, Lina, and Malou Wilson. "ICA-Stig har makten? : ICAs reklamfilmer ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24674.

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Abstrakt Syftet med vår undersökning var att studera ICAs reklamfilmer ur ett genusperspektiv. Vi har specificerat oss på om det manliga eller kvinnliga könet framkommer mer eller mindre i filmerna, om det har skett någon förändring kring genusperspektivet från år 2006 till 2016, samt om varorna som finns med i filmerna är mer eller mindre riktade till något av könen.   Frågeställning:
    Hur framställs kvinnor respektive män i Icas reklamfilmer? Har det skett någon förändring från år 2006 till 2016? Är varorna som visas i reklamfilmerna avsedda för kvinnor, män eller båda?   Vi har utgått från teorier som vi anser är relevanta för vår undersökning. Vi har delat in teorierna i tre olika områden: Genus Medier och identitet Reklam och media. För att genomföra undersökningen har vi gjort en kvantitativ innehållsanalys på 15 olika reklamfilmer. Vi har avgränsat oss till reklamfilmer som har visats på TV under tre olika högtider i Sverige: jul, midsommar och påsk. Vi har sedan gjort en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på fem filmer som vi anser lockar fram olika stereotyper.   Resultatet vi fann i vår undersökning var att männen dominerar i ICAs reklamfilmer, och med det menar vi att det bland annat är fler manliga karaktärer som är med och har en slags ledarroll. Vårt resultat skiljer sig något mot vad teorierna kring ämnet påstår, nämligen att kvinnor ofta dominerar reklambranschen.
    Abstract The purpose of our survey was to study the gender perspective in ICA's commercials. We have specified whether the male or female gender appears more or less in the movies, if there has been any change in gender perspective from 2006 to 2016 and if the items featured in the movies are more or less directed to any of the sexes. We have limited ourselves to commercials that have been shown on television during three different festivals in Sweden: Christmas, Midsummer and Easter.   Question:
      How are women and men produced in Ica's commercials? Has there been any change from 2006 to 2016? Are the items shown in the commercials intended for women, men or both?   We have assumed theories that we consider relevant to our survey. We have divided the theories into three different areas: Gender Media and identity Advertising and the media. In order to conduct the survey, we have made a quantitative content analysis of 15 different commercials. We have limited ourselves to commercials that have been shown on television during three different festivals in Sweden: Christmas, Midsummer and Easter. We have then made a qualitative content analysis on five films that we consider attracting different stereotypes.   The result we found in our survey was that the men dominate ICA's commercials, and we mean that among other things there are more male characters that are in and have a sort of leadership role. Our results differ slightly from the theory of the subject, namely that women often dominate the advertising industry.
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Sandström, Pontus. "Relationen mellan ICA-handlaren och ICA AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167383.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att, med hjälp av företagsekonomiska relationsteorier, undersöka och beskriva ICA-handlare som driver butiker i profilerna Nära- och Supermarkets relation till ICA AB. De handlare som ingick i studien driver butiker i Uppsalaområdet. Utifrån relationsteorier om engagemang och förtroende utformades och genomfördes intervjuer med ICA-handlare. Informationen från intervjuerna användes för att uppfylla studiens syfte och besvara frågeställningen. Studien visar att ICA-handlare som driver butiker inom profilerna Nära- och Supermarkets relation till ICA AB är bra.
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Lundberg, Johanna, and Caroline Ullman. "ICA likes you, do you like ICA?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23252.

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Idag finns det begränsade teorier som behandlar det postmoderna konsumtionssamhället utifrån ett medie- och kommunikationsvetenskaligt perspektiv. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka spänningsfältet mellan ICA och högskolestudenter i ett konsumtionssamhälle genom att granska varumärkeskommunikationens betydelse på digitala plattformar. Materialinsamlingen är genomförd i form av kvalitativa intervjuer, med medarbetare på ICA, samt fokusgrupper med studenter. Med studien vill vi ge en inblick i hur kommunikationsprocesser strategiskt utformas för att nå rätt målgrupp, hur relationer vårdas och vad en god dialog innebär och har för framtida betydelser. Studien har analyserat det spänningsfält som ligger i grund till valet av konsumtion gällande matvaruhandel som högskolestudent. Studiens slutsatser visar på att det är en rad olika faktorer som är bidragande till att bygga upp en stark relation med ett företag.
Today there is limited theories considering reasearch on the postmodern consumtion society from a media and communication perspective. The purpose with this thesis is to investigate the tension between ICA and Univeristy students in a consumption society through analysis brandbuilding communications meaning on digital platforms. The material to the thesis is collected by qualitative interviews, both with employees at ICA and focus groups with university students. With this thesis we want to give an insight of how communication processes strategically is designed to reach their target group, how relationships are nurtured and what a good dialogue means for future brand building. The study has analyzed the tension of what includes the choice of consumption when it comes to retail business from university students perspective. The conclusions indicate how there are a number of factors that are contributing to build a strong relationship with an organization.
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Mattsson, Tommy. "Content Filtering using ICAP." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397539.

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In today's society the use of mobile phones is part of most peoples everyday life. Phone service providers want to provide an efficient, reliable, secure and safe phone service experience for their users. Ericsson has developed a load test to test their products in order to ensure the highest quality. An important part to achieve a safe and efficient user experience is to have some mechanism for blocking material and providing dynamic material based on a users location. In this report an implementation of is described. ICAP is a protocol developed for just this purpose. ICAP is able to block unwanted content and provide dynamic adaptation based on a users location. This thesis aims to present an implementation of ICAP for the load test tool in order to provide testing of telecommmunication functionality during high load.
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Girardini, Lilian Kolling. "Identificação de grupos clonais, resistência aos antimicrobianos e presença de genes associados à formação de biofilmes (icaA e icaD) em Staphylococcus aureus isolados de propriedades produtoras de leite bovino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/81208.

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Staphylococcus aureus destaca-se como principal micro-organismo associado à mastite bovina contagiosa, sendo que as infecções crônicas podem ser causadas pelo crescimento bacteriano na forma de biofilmes, o que pode estar associado à persistência desta bactéria na glândula mamária e à resistência a diversos antimicrobianos. Estudos epidemiológicos empregando técnicas como a macrorestrição seguida de eletroforese em campo pulsado (PFGE) têm sido realizados, com a finalidade de identificar clones e caracterizar as infecções por S. aureus. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar a frequência de isolamento de S. aureus em amostras de leite colhidas periodicamente em um grupo de propriedades leiteiras do Vale do Taquari, RS; avaliar o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados de S. aureus identificados; classificar esses isolados em grupos clonais; avaliar a distribuição e a permanência dos grupos clonais nas propriedades leiteiras ao longo do tempo, além de verificar a presença de genes relacionados à formação de biofilmes (icaA e icaD). Foram colhidas amostras de leite de todas as vacas em lactação de 21 propriedades, amostradas semestralmente durante dois anos, totalizando 1060 amostras. A presença de S. aureus nas amostras foi detectada por isolamento e a identificação foi realizada de acordo com o National Mastitis Council. Isolados confirmados foram testados, pela técnica de disco difusão em ágar, quanto à suscetibilidade frente a treze antimicrobianos. Os isolados também foram submetidos à macrorrestrição do DNA total – PFGE e posteriormente testados pela PCR para detecção dos genes icaA e icaD. Das 1060 amostras avaliadas, 395 não apresentaram crescimento bacteriano. Staphylococcus sp. coagulase negativa foram identificados em 262 amostras, seguido de 136 amostras em que identificou-se S. aureus. A frequência de isolamento de S. aureus variou de 3,45% a 70,59% nas 17 propriedades em que este agente estava presente. No teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, a maioria (75,7%) dos 132 isolados testados apresentaram perfil de sensibilidade, sendo a resistência mais frequente à penicilina (18,2%) e ampicilina (14,4%). Em apenas 27,3% dos isolados detectou-se os genes associados à formação de biofilmes pesquisados, sendo o gene icaD o mais prevalente, seguido da presença de ambos os genes. Os 122 isolados clivados pela enzima SmaI e submetidos à PFGE foram classificados em 38 grupos clonais. Observaram-se poucos grupos clonais persistentes, pois somente seis foram descritos consecutivamente em pelo menos duas coletas. O grupo clonal 16 foi o mais prevantente, apresentando isolados em uma mesma propriedade ao longo de dois anos. Conclui-se que Staphylococcus aureus está presente na glândula mamária de bovinos em lactação em pequenas propriedades da região. Esses isolados apresentam baixa frequência de resistência aos antimicrobianos. Há uma grande variabilidade de pulsotipos entre os isolados presentes nessas propriedades, porém poucos grupos clonais persistem nas propriedades amostradas. Não foi possível associar a permanência dos grupos clonais nos rebanhos à presença dos genes icaA e icaD ou ao perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos.
Staphylococcus aureus stands out as the main microorganism associated with bovine contagious mastitis, whereas chronic infections can be caused by bacterial growth in the form of biofilms, which can be associated with the persistence of the bacteria in the mammary gland and resistance to various antibiotics. Epidemiological studies employing techniques such as macrorestriction followed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) have been carried out, aiming to identify clones and characterize S. aureus infections. The objectives of this study were: to assess the frequency of S. aureus isolation in milk samples collected periodically in a group of dairy farms from Taquari Valley, RS; evaluate the profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus identified isolates; classify these isolates in clonal groups; assess the distribution and retention of clonal groups in dairy herds over time and to verify the presence of genes related to biofilm formation (icaA and icaD). Milk samples were collected from all lactating cows from 21 properties that were sampled every six months for two years, totaling 1060 samples. The presence of S. aureus in the samples was detected by isolation and the identification was performed according to National Mastitis Council. Confirmed isolates were tested for susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobial by disk diffusion technique in agar. The isolates also underwent macro-restriction of total DNA - PFGE and were subsequently tested by PCR for detection of genes icaA and icaD. Of the 1060 samples tested, 395 showed no bacterial growth. Staphylococcus sp. coagulase-negative samples were identified at 262, followed by 136 samples in which S. aureus was identified. The frequency of isolation of S. aureus ranged from 3.45% to 70.59% in 17 properties wherein this agent was present. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the majority (75.7%) of the 132 isolates tested showed sensitivity profile, being most frequent resistance to penicillin (18.2%) and ampicillin (14.4%). In only 27.3% of the isolates were detected genes associated with biofilm formation surveyed and icaD was the most prevalent, followed by the presence of both genes. The 122 isolates cleaved by SmaI and submitted for PFGE were classified into 38 clonal groups. There were few persistent clonal groups, because only six groups were described consecutively in at least two collections. The clonal group 16 was the most prevalent, presenting isolates at the same property over two years. Is conclusive that Staphylococcus aureus is present in the mammary gland of lactating cattle on small farms in the region. These isolates have low frequency of antimicrobial resistance. There is great variability of pulsotypes among isolates in those properties, but few clonal groups persist in the sampled properties. It was not possible to associate the permanence of clonal groups in herds to the presence of icaA and icaD or to the profile of antimicrobial resistance.
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Yip, Lai-lin, and 葉麗蓮. "The ICAC and human rights." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978782.

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Lai-lin, Yip. "The ICAC and human rights." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20622272.

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Lu, Phuc Hong, and Ian Lukoma. "Customer Satisfaction towards Retailers : ICA, ICA NÄRA and COOP FORUM." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1005.

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In the midst of stiff and fierce competition and increased number of grocery retail outlets providing a variety of products, customers have become accustomed to patronizing multiple outlets. Retailers have recognized this trend and are of the view that customer satisfaction plays a role in the success of business strategies. Therefore it has become important for grocery retail stores to try and manage customer satisfaction. This paper was thus developed to investigate the satisfaction levels of customers in supermarkets. Data was collected from three supermarkets in Visby, Gotland. The study examined the importance of overall dimensions and specific elements of customer satisfaction towards the measurement of satisfaction levels. In addition, comparative analysis was conducted between the three relative grocery stores. Customer satisfaction levels were measured. The highest percentage of customers of the whole sample belonged to medium level of satisfaction. The statistical result concluded that customers of ICA Nära and customers of ICA were higher satisfied than those of Coop Forum. The results showed that customers felt satisfied with Location, Staff courtesy and Reliability of supermarkets as the top aspects that drive satisfaction while additional services were ranked lowest. Due to these results, the impact of these attributes on Customer satisfaction must not be underestimated.
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Jigenheim, Elin, and Maria Johansson. "”ICA I love eco" : Kommunikationsverktygen bakom ICA-koncernens gröna försäljningssuccé." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17219.

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Studien redogör för kommunikationsverktygen ICA använder i den externa kommunikationen av ICA I love eco-sortimentet. De studerade kommunikationskanalerna är reklamfilmer samt kundtidningen Buffé. Tidningar och reklamfilmer som innehöll information om ICA I love eco-sortimentet under perioden mars 2008 - oktober 2011 valdes ut för textanalys. I textanalysen utgick vi ifrån semiotiska och retoriska begrepp för att se meningen som texterna skapar. Resultat visar att ICA använder samhällsengagemang som ett kommunikationsverktyg och strategi. Resultat visar även att ICA använder fem olika dimensioner av nytta, positiv och negativ emotionell nytta, värde för pengarna, sociala livet samt funktionaliteten, i marknadsföringen av det ekologiska sortimentet.
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Juuso, Martin. "Djupfrysningstekniken. Informerandet om tekniken i ICA-tidningen och ICA-kuriren." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234340.

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Books on the topic "ICAF"

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Symposium, International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue. ICAF '91: Aeronautical fatigue : key to safety and structural integrity. Warley: EMAS, 1991.

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Niepokolczycki, Antoni, and Jerzy Komorowski, eds. ICAF 2019 – Structural Integrity in the Age of Additive Manufacturing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21503-3.

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Bos, M. J., ed. ICAF 2009, Bridging the Gap between Theory and Operational Practice. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2746-7.

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Komorowski, Jerzy, ed. ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3.

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International Conference on Asian Folklore (2009 [Bangkok, Thailand]). ICAF 2009: Abstracts International Conference on Asian Folklore, 2-3 July 2009. Bangkok, Thailand: Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, 2009.

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Huth, H. Review of investigations on aeronautical fatigue in the Federal Republic of Germany: ICAF Conference 1995 : period of review, June 1993 to April 1995. Darmstadt: Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit, 1995.

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Komorowski, Jerzy. ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives: Proceedings of the 26th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue, Montreal, Canada, 1-3 June 2011. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011.

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ICAF Symposium (25th 2009 Rotterdam). ICAF 2009, bridging the gap between theory and operational practice: Proceedings of the 25th symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 27-29 May 2009. Edited by Bos, M. J. (Marcel J.) and International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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Irāmacāmi, Mā. Icai maṇam. Maturai: Kuṇā aṇ Kō., 1993.

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Cuntaram, Pi Em. Ālayaval̲ipāṭṭil icai. Tañcāvūr: Icaittur̲ai, Tamil̲p Palkalaikkal̲akam, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "ICAF"

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Kayes, A. S. M., Jun Han, and Alan Colman. "ICAF: A Context-Aware Framework for Access Control." In Information Security and Privacy, 442–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31448-3_34.

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Clark, Graham. "Fleet Recovery and Life Extension – Some Lessons Learned." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 1–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_1.

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Fleischer, Th, J. Ridzewski, M. Sachse, and F. Schirmacher. "Potential of CFRP Used for Light Weight Structures: Some Experimental Results." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 135–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_10.

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Freed, Yuval, and Sven Rzepka. "An Implementation of an Accelerated Testing Methodology to Obtain Static, Creep and Fatigue Master Curves of a T300/913 Unidirectional Composite Material." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 145–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_11.

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Kabir, A., and S. V. Hoa. "Improvement of Vibration Damping and Flexural Fatigue Property Incorporating Nanoclay into Glass/Epoxy Composite." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 155–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_12.

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Kocańda, D., A. Górka, and D. Zasada. "Formation of a Metal Coating by Means of Friction Stir Processing." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 167–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_13.

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Rosca, Iosif D., Roham Mactabi, and Suong V. Hoa. "Influence of the Carbon Nanotube Type, Loading and Chemical Functionalization on the Fatigue Resistance of Aluminum Lap Joints." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 179–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_14.

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Hena-Zamal, H., and S. V. Hoa. "Fatigue Damage Behavior of Glass/Epoxy Composites Using Carbon Nanotubes as Sensors." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 189–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_15.

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Amsterdam, E., A. Shekhter, S. A. Barter, M. McDonald, and R. J. H. Wanhill. "DSTO – NLR Collaborative Programme on Fatigue Properties of β-Annealed Ti-6Al-4V: Preliminary Results." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 199–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_16.

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Ueda, Y., H. Kuroki, T. Murooka, A. Tanaka, K. Miyazawa, I. Okumura, Y. Shigenari, K. Oikawa, and H. Morita. "Damage Tolerance Demonstration of Flange Joint for Aircraft Engine Composite Fan Case." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 207–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "ICAF"

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Bai, Chongyang, Srijan Kumar, Jure Leskovec, Miriam Metzger, Jay F. Nunamaker, and V. S. Subrahmanian. "Predicting the Visual Focus of Attention in Multi-Person Discussion Videos." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/626.

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Visual focus of attention in multi-person discussions is a crucial nonverbal indicator in tasks such as inter-personal relation inference, speech transcription, and deception detection. However, predicting the focus of attention remains a challenge because the focus changes rapidly, the discussions are highly dynamic, and the people's behaviors are inter-dependent. Here we propose ICAF (Iterative Collective Attention Focus), a collective classification model to jointly learn the visual focus of attention of all people. Every person is modeled using a separate classifier. ICAF models the people collectively---the predictions of all other people's classifiers are used as inputs to each person's classifier. This explicitly incorporates inter-dependencies between all people's behaviors. We evaluate ICAF on a novel dataset of 5 videos (35 people, 109 minutes, 7604 labels in all) of the popular Resistance game and a widely-studied meeting dataset with supervised prediction. See our demo at https://cs.dartmouth.edu/dsail/demos/icaf. ICAF outperforms the strongest baseline by 1%--5% accuracy in predicting the people's visual focus of attention. Further, we propose a lightly supervised technique to train models in the absence of training labels. We show that light-supervised ICAF performs similar to the supervised ICAF, thus showing its effectiveness and generality to previously unseen videos.
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Zhang, Zijian, Chang Shu, Youxin Chen, Jing Xiao, Qian Zhang, and Lu Zheng. "ICAF: Iterative Contrastive Alignment Framework for Multimodal Abstractive Summarization." In 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892884.

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Abdurahim, Ahim, and Hafiez Sofyani. "Constructing the Supervision Model in Sharia Cooperative Entities." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.1.

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Utami, Evy Rahman, and Nandya Octanti Pusparini. "The Analysis Of Fraud Pentagon Theory And Financial Distress For Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting In Banking Sector In Indonesia (Empirical Study Of Listed Banking Companies On Indonesia Stock Exchange In 2012-2017)." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.10.

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Wahyuni, Fitri, and Hilma Tsani Amanati. "Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions, Dividend, and Firm Value (Study of Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.11.

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Widiastuti, Harjanti, and Sri Rezki Hayati. "User’s Perceived Usefulness, Quality and Ease of Use of Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) on Their Intention to Use IFR for Investment Decision Making." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.12.

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Nazaruddin, Ietje, and Ryan Ananda Daulay. "The Effect of Activity, Firm Growth, and Intellectual Capital to Predict Financial Distress (An Empirical Study on Companies Listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Malaysia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017)." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.13.

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Nazaruddin, Ietje, and Yuni Yanti Abi Sita. "The Effects of Government Characteristics, Complexity, Audit Findings, and Audit Opinions on the Level of Provincial Government Financial Statement Disclosures in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.14.

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Saud, Ilham Maulana, and Anang Fauzi. "The Effect of Rewards, Personal Costs, and The Whistleblowing System Toward Individual Intentions to Report Unethical Behaviors of Superiors." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.15.

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Sinarasri, Andwiani, and Zulaikha. "The Antecedents and Consequences of Accounting Information System Implementation: An Empirical Study on MSMEs in Semarang City." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting and Finance (ICAF 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaf-19.2019.16.

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Reports on the topic "ICAF"

1

Abbott, Gerald. In Touch with Industry. ICAF Industry Studies 1999. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376705.

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Phillips, C. K. ICRF modelling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6245971.

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Pikin, A. ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1412764.

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Ben-Zvi I., Kuczewski A., Z. Altinbas, D. Beavis, Belomestnykh, and J. et al Dai. ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049935.

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Va'Vra, J. ICFA Instrumentation Bulletin, Volume 16, Summer 1998 Issue (SLAC-J-ICFA-016). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826475.

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Va'Vra, J. ICFA Instrumentation Bulletin, Volume 17, Fall 1998 Issue (SLAC-J-ICFA-017). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826476.

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Va'Vra, J. ICFA Instrumentation Bulletin, Volume 18, Spring 1999 Issue (SLAC-J-ICFA-018). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826477.

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Va'Vra, J. ICFA Instrumentation Bulletin, Volume 19, Fall 1999 Issue (SLAC-J-ICFA-019). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826478.

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Va'Vra, J. ICFA Instrumentation Bulletin, Volume 20, Spring 2000 Issue (SLAC-J-ICFA-020). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826479.

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Va'Vra, J. ICFA Instrumentation Bulletin, Volume 21, Fall 2000 Issue (SLAC-J-ICFA-021). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826480.

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