Journal articles: 'I-RBT'

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Ghurafa, Rinaldi, Denny Widaya Lukman, and Hadri Latif. "Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sebagai Metode untuk Melacak Bruselosis pada Sapi Perah (INDIRECT ENZYME IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (I-ELISA) AS METHOD FOR DETECT BRUCELLOSIS IN DAIRY COW)." Jurnal Veteriner 20, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.30.

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Brucellosis has become a zoonotic disease that received attention in efforts to prevent and eradicate strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia. Brucellosis can be detected early by the rose bengal test (RBT), followed by complement fixation test (CFT) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aims of this research was to study the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (I-ELISA) as an alternative test for detecting brucellosis in dairy cattle. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the kappa value. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the Kappa statistical value. The results of the sensitivity and specificity calculation showed that the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) test developed a higher sensitivity (100%) compared to RBT test (93.75%) and commercial I-ELISA (93.75%). The developed I-ELISA specificity (74.68%) was still lower than RBT (89.87%), but higher than commercial I-ELISA (70.52%). The calculation of the statistical value of kappa RBT with CFT showed the kappa value 0.7120 which meaned it had a good agreement, commercial I-ELISA with CFT showed kappa value 0.6165 which meaned it had good suitability, whereas I-ELISA developed with CFT showed kappa value 0.4984 which meaned having a moderate agreement.In conclusion, the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) which had been developed had low specificity, but the sensitivity was the highest compared to the commercial I-ELISA test and RBT, so this test was appropriate to be used as a screening test, especially in dairy cows movement into brucellosis-free areas or regions.

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Jokar, Tahereh Orouji, Mazhar Khalil, Peter Rhee, Narong Kulvatunyou, Viraj Pandit, Terence O'Keeffe, Andrew Tang, and Bellal Joseph. "Ratio-based Resuscitation in Trauma Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Is There a Similar Effect?" American Surgeon 82, no. 3 (March 2016): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608200322.

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The use of 1:1:1 (packed red blood cells: fresh frozen plasma: platelets) transfusion ratio has been shown to improve survival in severely injured trauma patients. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) receiving 1:1:1 ratio-based blood product transfusion (RBT). We hypothesized that RBT improves survival in patients with TBI as only major injury. We performed a 3-year retrospective analysis of all patients with TBI as only major injury presenting to our Level I trauma center. Patients receiving blood transfusion were included. Patients were stratified into two groups: those who received RBT and those who did not receive RBT (No-RBT). The outcome measure was inhospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. A total of 189 patients were included of which 29 per cent (n = 55) received RBT. The mean age was 48 ± 24 years, median (range) Glasgow Coma Scale score was 12 (3–15), and median head abbreviated injury severity scale was 3 (3–5). The overall mortality rate was 28.5 per cent. Patients in the RBT group had a higher survival rate compared with the patients in the No-RBT group (83.6% vs 66.5%, P = 0.02). In conclusion, the survival benefit of RBT exists even in patients with TBI as major injury. Guidelines for the initial management of TBI patients should focus on the use of RBT. The beneficial effect of platelets in RBT among TBI patients requires further evaluation.

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Weiner, M., K. Szulowski, and W. Iwaniak. "The porcine brucellosis – evidence of the role of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 in occurrence of false positive serological reactions." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0019.

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Abstract Forty four pigs with typical characteristics for false positive serological reactions (FPSR) were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9. The positive reactions were observed in rose bengal test (RBT, N=23 sera), serum agglutination test (SAT, N=16), complement fixation test (CFT, N=9), indirect ELISA (i-ELISA, N=11) in first, and in RBT (N=14), SAT (N=8), CFT (N=7) and i-ELISA (N=18) in second examination, respectively. In bacteriological examination Y. enterocolitica was confirmed in 12 cases. Six of these isolates were identified with PCR as Y. enterocolitica O:9.

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Falcão, M. V. D., V. L. A. Santana, F. N. Corrêa, J. A. B. Tenório, and R. A. Mota. "Development and standardization of a western blotting test for detection of antibodies against B. abortus." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 1 (February 2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10290.

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ABSTRACT Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella spp. with diagnosis based on use of serological techniques. The present study aimed to develop and standardize a western blotting (WB) test for detection of antibodies against B. abortus. Samples from two groups of cattle were analyzed: group I: 60 serum samples from true positive and true negative vaccinated animals (30 positive samples from infected animals according to rose bengal test (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol, serum agglutination test (SAT) and complement fixation test (CFT) and 30 RBT negatives samples); group II: 383 field samples (90 positive and 293 CFT negative sera). The most reactive band in the western blotting, which properly identified and separated infected from non - infected had a molecular weight of ≤ 20kDa. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the WB compared to RBT was 93%, 99%, 98%, respectively and k= 0.938. When compared to CFT, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the WB was 97%, 98% and 97%, respectively and k= 0.929. The WB developed and standardized in the present study is a serological test with potential use as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

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Droli, Maurizio, Tiziana Sarnari, and Lorena Bašan. "Defining evidence-based marketing strategies for wine producers and wine tourist destinations." Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci 7, no. 1 (2019): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31784/zvr.7.1.26.

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The Total Antioxidant Index (TAA-I) can be viewed as a wine added value, for which consumers are willing to pay, and as a determinant in developing successful differentiated marketing strategies. This interdisciplinary study aims to harness potentials existing in an evidence-based wine TAA-I and territorial data on wine production. According to the Resource Based Theory (RBT), only above-average performances identify valuable resources. By applying the theory, data on regional areas planted with vines as well as a seminal study ranking thirteen selected Italian wines based on their TAA-I have been analyzed. Wine growing vocation represents a valuable resource only in six out of twenty Italian regions. Eleven vine areas of origin can be assumed as being important, especially in Northern and Central Italy. The TAA-I positions achieved by selected wines are far from being expressed, and thus promoted, by adopting labels based on production traditions. The 1997 sample database adopted by this study needs to be updated with a more recent one and expanded in further researches. Thus, researches of evidencebased marketing, thus hidden and objective quality attributes of wine, are needed and urgent but still in their infancy. Results obtained by this study allow decision makers to set-up a RBT-rooted benchmark system connecting biomedical studies, economic and marketing studies.

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Getachew, T., G. Getachew, G. Sintayehu, M. Getenet, and A. Fasil. "Bayesian Estimation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Rose Bengal, Complement Fixation, and Indirect ELISA Tests for the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis in Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8032753.

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Test evaluation in the absence of a gold standard test was conducted for the diagnosis and screening of bovine brucellosis using three commercially available tests including RBPT, CFT, and I-ELISA in National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) Ethiopia. A total of 278 sera samples from five dairy herds were collected and tested. Each serum sample was subjected to the three tests and the results obtained were recorded and the test outcomes were cross-classified to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests using Bayesian model. Prior information generated on the sensitivity and specificity of bovine brucellosis from published data was used in the model. The three test-one population Bayesian model was modified and applied using WinBug software with the assumption that the dairy herds have similar management system and unknown disease status. The Bayesian posterior estimate for sensitivity was 89.6 (95% PI: 79.9–95.8), 96.8 (95% PI: 92.3–99.1), and 94 (95% PI: 87.8–97.5) and for specificity was 84.5 (95% PI: 68–94.98), 96.3 (95% PI: 91.7–98.8), and 88.5 (95% PI: 81–93.8) for RBT, I-ELISA, and CFT, respectively. In this study I-ELISA was found with the best sensitivity and specificity estimates 96.8 (95% PI: 92.3–99.1) and 96.3 (95% PI: 91.7–98.8), compared to both CFT and RBPT.

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van den Besselaar, Anton M. H. P., Armando Tripodi, and Thomas P. J. Linsinger. "Long-term stability of relationships between reference materials for thromboplastins." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 96, no. 08 (2006): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th06-03-0152.

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SummaryReference materials for thromboplastins are available from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Commission (EC). The long-term stability of the reference materials is an essential requirement and must be monitored. The relationship between two reference materials for rabbit thromboplastin, i. e. ERM-AD149 (EC) and RBT/90 (WHO), has been monitored in the period 1996–2002. No significant trend with time was detected. In addition,the relationship between ERM-AD149 and the reference material for bovine thromboplastin (i. e. OBT/79) has been determined in 1994 and in 2005 in multicentre studies (n = 11 and n = 9, respectively). No significant changes were observed in the relationships between these reference materials when all results were included (5% significance level).

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Dutta, Dev K. "Path Dependence, VRIN Resource Endowments, and Managers: Towards an Integration of Resource-Based Theory and Upper Echelons Theory." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v1n1p109.

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Path dependencies associated with the firm’s evolving resource endowments lead to redundancies, which makes it sub-optimal to attain sustainable competitive advantage based on these resource bundles. In this context, managers can play a proactive role by ensuring that resource endowments continue to remain beneficial for their organizations. By suggesting such a linkage and the enabling role of managers, I provide a way to integrate core arguments of two of the foremost organizational theories in vogue: resource-based theory (RBT) and upper echelons theory (UET).

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Hassan, Hussein, Ali Salami, Ghassan Ghssein, Jeanne El-Hage, Nada Nehme, and Rana Awada. "Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle in Southern Lebanon using different diagnostic tests." October-2020 13, no. 10 (2020): 2234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2234-2242.

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is endemic zoonotic and highly contagious bacterial disease. Recently, several brucellosis cases were reported in Lebanon, causing significant economic losses; however, no study was done so far on farms located in the southern part of the country. Thus, the aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Brucella abortus in South Lebanon using three different serological tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. Materials and Methods: Seventeen farms from 14 locations in Southern Lebanon were selected. Two hundred and three bovine blood samples of different ages, and 121 milk samples collected from older than 2 years cattle were tested using different serological tests: Rose Bengal test (RBT), milk ring test (MRT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and confirmed with competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Results: Results revealed that approximately 15.3% (confidence interval [CI] 95 10.3-20.2%) and 15.7% (CI 95 9.2-22.2%) of samples were positive using RBT and MRT, respectively. This percentage was significantly higher when using I-ELISA (18.3%) (CI 95 12.9-23.5%) and C-ELISA (18.7%) (CI 95 9.8-27.5%). Among used diagnostic tests, our results showed that ELISA was more accurate for the detection of brucellosis, especially since it detects the late stages of the infection, which is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher among females. All positive tests were of cattle Holstein breed older than 2 years. Tyre and Jezzine cities had a higher significance in bovine brucellosis than Saida. A positive correlation between human and cattle brucellosis was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that bovine brucellosis is prevalent in southern Lebanon. Lack of research, in addition to little feedback of occurring illness or symptoms, creates a gap in helping to control the spread of the disease.

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Hernández-Mora, Gabriela, Charles A. Manire, Rocío González-Barrientos, Elías Barquero-Calvo, Caterina Guzmán-Verri, Lydia Staggs, Rachel Thompson, Esteban Chaves-Olarte, and Edgardo Moreno. "Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 6 (April 22, 2009): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00413-08.

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ABSTRACT Brucella ceti causes disease in Odontoceti. The absence of control serum collections and the diversity of cetaceans have hampered the standardization of serological tests for the diagnosis of cetacean brucellosis. Without a “gold” standard for sensitivity and specificity determination, an alternative approach was followed. We designed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) that recognizes immunoglobulins G (IgGs) from 17 odontocete species as a single group. For the standardization, we used Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides, serum samples from seven resident odontocetes with no history of infectious disease displaying negative rose bengal test (RBT) reactions, and serum samples from seven dolphins infected with B. ceti. We compared the performance of the iELISA with those of the protein G ELISA (gELISA), the competitive ELISA (cELISA), and the immunofluorescence (IF) and dot blot (DB) tests, using 179 odontocete serum samples and RBT as the reference. The diagnostic potential based on sensitivity and specificity of the iELISA was superior to that of gELISA and cELISA. The correlation and agreement between the iELISA and the gELISA were relatively good (R i/g 2 = 0.65 and κi/g = 0.66, respectively), while the correlation and agreement of these two ELISAs with cELISA were low (R i/c 2 = 0.46, R g/c 2 = 0.37 and κi/c = 0.62, κg/c = 0.42). In spite of using the same anti-odontocete IgG antibody, the iELISA was more specific than were the IF and DB tests. An association between high antibody titers and the presence of neurological symptoms in dolphins was observed. The prediction is that iELISA based on broadly cross-reacting anti-dolphin IgG antibody would be a reliable test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in odontocetes, including families not covered in this study.

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Mérian, Pierre, and François Lebourgeois. "Consequences of decreasing the number of cored trees per plot on chronology statistics and climate–growth relationships: a multispecies analysis in a temperate climate." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 12 (December 2011): 2413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-149.

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Existing literature investigates the effect of the number of cored trees per plot (N) on chronology statistics. The present study sought to highlight (i) the effect of N on the reliability of both chronology and climate–growth relationships and (ii) its variability across five European tree species with differentiated ecophysiological patterns. Fifty-eight pure, even-aged forests were sampled across France. For each plot, dendroecological investigations were carried out using chronologies built from 28 to three trees. Chronology reliability was studied using the mean intertree correlation (rbt) and the expressed population signal (EPS), whereas the climate–growth relationships were evaluated through the bootstrapped correlation coefficients (BCC). The accuracy of the dendroecological investigations decreased with decreasing N: EPS and BCC approached zero, implying that the signal common to all trees weakened. Thus, most of the significant correlations became nonsignificant when the sample size decreased from 28 to three trees per plot. Differences were found between species. For a given sample size, the shade-intolerant species Quercus petraea and Pinus sylvestris displayed lower intertree differences in growth-index series (higher rbt) and higher EPS than the shade-tolerant species Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, and Picea abies. These latter species also displayed a greater sensitivity to sample size decrease, with a stronger BCC weakening and a higher proportion of changes in correlation significance. The EPS threshold of 0.85 was reached for around six to 10 trees for shade-intolerant species versus 20–30 for the shade-tolerant ones and generally corresponded to a mean correlation precision of around 0.06. We finally propose a general method to estimate this precision.

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Isa, Zaharah Che, and Nurulwahida Azid. "Analisis Statistik Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Ujian Pencapaian Reka Bentuk Elektrik." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.904.

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Kajian ini bertujuan membina instrumen ujian pencapaian topik reka bentuk elektrik mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi tingkatan dua, membuat penilaian dan mengesahkannya serta menjadikannya sah dan boleh dipercayai. Instrumen ini mengandungi 20 item iaitu 10 item aneka pilihan (Bahagian A) dan 10 item subjektif (Bahagian B). Proses kajian melibatkan empat fasa iaitu i) pembinaan instrumen; ii) analisis kesahan pakar; iii) analisis kualitatif berdasarkan cadangan pakar; dan iv) analisis kebolehpercayaan. Proses pembinaan instrumen bersumberkan kepada Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP), Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) tingkatan 2 dan domain kognitif Taksonomi Bloom. Analisis kesahan pakar instrumen melibatkan 10 pakar yang terdiri daripada guru cemerlang RBT, pegawai SISC+ Teknik dan Vokasional, Pegawai Teknik dan Vokasional dan pensyarah bidang kurikulum Teknik dan Vokasional UTHM. Manakala bagi analisis kebolehpercayaan pula, kajian telah dilaksanakan kepada 70 pelajar tingkatan dua yang telah mempunyai pengetahuan kognitif topik reka bentuk elektrik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa min keseluruhan instrumen ialah 7.85 dengan nilai minimum 7.10 dan maksimum 8.40. Dapatan analisis kesahan instrumen kebolehpercayaan antara penilai melalui pekali korelasi intrakelas (ICC) pula mendapati, nilai indeks kebolehpercayaan ialah .810 berdasarkan 95% sela keyakinan antara .584 ke .944 (F (9,171)=5.261, p< .000). Selain itu, data kualitatif melalui ulasan pakar juga menunjukkan bahawa instrumen ujian adalah baik dan mematuhi standard pembinaan ujian pencapaian. Hasil analisis kebolehpercayaan instrumen terhadap 70 pelajar tingkatan dua juga memperoleh nilai kebolehpercayaan cronbach alpha yang memuaskan iaitu .700 untuk bahagian A dan .760 bagi Bahagian B. Justeru, kajian ini membuktikan bahawa, pembinaan instrumen telah dilaksanakan secara sistematik dan mengikut standard yang ditetapkan, memperoleh nilai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang memuaskan serta sah untuk digunakan dalam mana-mana kajian yang melibatkan ujian terhadap pencapaian topik reka bentuk elektrik tingkatan dua.

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Burchakov, A. V., E. M. Dvoryanova, and I. M. Kondratyuk. "Phase Equilibria in the Stable Tetrahedron LiF–RbI–Rb2CrO4–RbF of the Quaternary Reciprocal System Li,Rb||F,I,CrO4." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 14, no. 4 (2014): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2014-14-4-42-47.

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Rahman, MS, MO Faruk, M. Her, JY Kim, SI Kang, and SC Jung. "Prevalence of brucellosis in ruminants in Bangladesh." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 8 (September 6, 2011): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1555-vetmed.

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The prevalence of brucellosis was determined in the ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats) of five different districts viz. Bagerhat, Bogra, Gaibangha, Mymensingh and Sirajgonj of Bangladesh. A total of 550 sera samples of 105 buffaloes, 188 cattle, 127 goats and 130 sheep were screened by RBT and were further confirmed with I-ELISA. A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information on the animals. The overall serological prevalence derived from the samples was 2.87% in buffaloes, 2.66% in cattle, 3.15% in goats, and 2.31% in sheep. The prevalence was relatively higher in females than that in males in cattle, goats and sheep but, an insignificantly higher prevalence was observed in males than that in females in the case of buffalo. A significant association was found between abortion or age and occurrence of brucellosis (P < 0.01). The results of the study provide (a) a comparison of the prevalence of brucellosis in different livestock species in Bangladesh, (b) constitute baseline data for further study of Brucella infections, and (c) are a starting point for the control of brucellosis.

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van den Besselar, A. M. H. P. "A Comparison of INRs Determined with a Whole Blood Prothrombin Time Device and two International Reference Preparations for Thromboplastin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 84, no. 09 (2000): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614036.

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SummaryOral anticoagulant therapy is usually monitored with the prothrombin time (PT) on citrate plasma samples. In recent years instruments have been developed for measurement of the PT in non-citrated whole blood. In the present study, the manufacturer’s calibration of one type of device (CoaguChek®) in terms of the international normalized ratio (INR) was evaluated by one laboratory. Three subsequent lots of test strips for the CoaguChek were investigated using blood samples from 56 coumarin-treated patients. Citrated plasma samples from the same patients were analysed with two international reference preparations for thromboplastin (IRP), i. e., rTF/95 (recombinant human) and RBT/90 (rabbit brain). There were statistically significant INR differences between CoaguChek and the international reference preparations (p <0.001), but the mean relative deviation of the INR was not greater than 0.104. Clinically relevant criteria were used to assess the agreement between the CoaguChek and the IRP results. Standard agreement ranged from 82% to 95%. It is concluded that these test strips achieved a clinically acceptable level of accuracy. Further studies of patient management with these strips are justified.

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Nielsen-Muñoz, Vanessa, Ana Beatriz Azofeifa-Mora, Raquel Romero-Chaves, and Ingo S. Wehrtmann. "Bibliometry of marine science and limnology publications (1979-2015) by the Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1-1 (May 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.33256.

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Bibliometrics play a significant role in evaluating the scientific production of journals and research units such as universities and research centers. The present study aimed to analyze the scientific production of CIMAR (Center for Research in Marine Science and Limnology) from its foundation in 1979 to 2015. We analyzed exclusively articles published in journals and selected those with at least one author affiliated to CIMAR. For the analysis, each article was classified according to the geographical study area, the topic of the investigation, ecosystem, and taxonomic group. We analyzed the following variables: year of publication, language, journal name, and authors. In this study, we analyzed the Bradford distribution, citations, the impact factor, and the quartiles of the journals where papers were published. During the study period, CIMAR produced a total of 791 publications: 624 articles, 90 book chapters or books, 48 booklets, and 34 special issues of the journal Revista de Biología Tropical (RBT). The number of publications showed an increasing trend during the study period, and most articles were written in English (58.3 %) and Spanish (41.7 %). A total of 128 journals were selected to publish CIMAR’s contributions. According to the Bradford method, the journal RBT is in Zone I (major productivity or concentration), with 49.8 % of the total scientific production. In relation to authorship, 22 authors with 12 articles or more are registered, and 80 % of the articles have been published by authors with a low (42 authors) and medium productivity level (44 authors). CIMAR published 81.6 % regarding marine topics and 18.4 % about limnology. Most of the articles (51.9 %) dealt with the Pacific of Costa Rica, 13.5 % with the Caribbean and 34.7 % referred to other study locations. The publications of CIMAR were mainly about ecology (33.3 %), taxonomy (24.5 %) and oceanography/meteorology (12.7 %). CIMAR has a highly trained and specialized staff that has gained experience and is contributing to the implementation and evaluation of Costa Rica’s science, technology and innovation policies through both interdisciplinary research and the development of institutional as well as professional capacities in a framework of dialogue and public-private agreements.

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Goldman, Gustavo H., Everaldo dos Reis Marques, Diógenes Custódio Duarte Ribeiro, Luciano Ângelo de Souza Bernardes, Andréa Carla Quiapin, Patrícia Marostica Vitorelli, Marcela Savoldi, et al. "Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Human Pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Phase: Identification of Putative Homologues of Candida albicans Virulence and Pathogenicity Genes." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 1 (February 2003): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.2.1.34-48.2003.

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ABSTRACT Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermodimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of the prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis. We present here a survey of expressed genes in the yeast pathogenic phase of P. brasiliensis. We obtained 13,490 expressed sequence tags from both 5′ and 3′ ends. Clustering analysis yielded the partial sequences of 4,692 expressed genes that were functionally classified by similarity to known genes. We have identified several Candida albicans virulence and pathogenicity homologues in P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, we have analyzed the expression of some of these genes during the dimorphic yeast-mycelium-yeast transition by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Clustering analysis of the mycelium-yeast transition revealed three groups: (i) RBT, hydrophobin, and isocitrate lyase; (ii) malate dehydrogenase, contigs Pb1067 and Pb1145, GPI, and alternative oxidase; and (iii) ubiquitin, delta-9-desaturase, HSP70, HSP82, and HSP104. The first two groups displayed high mRNA expression in the mycelial phase, whereas the third group showed higher mRNA expression in the yeast phase. Our results suggest the possible conservation of pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms among fungi, expand considerably gene identification in P. brasiliensis, and provide a broader basis for further progress in understanding its biological peculiarities.

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Rahman, M. S., S. Mithu, M. T. Islam, M. J. Uddin, R. R. Sarker, M. A. S. Sarker, and L. Akhter. "PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS IN BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (July 9, 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15646.

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Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant economic loss in dairy industries worldwide including Bangladesh. But limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in goat in all districts of Bangladesh. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Black Bengal goats in Nilphamari Sadar and Kishoreganj upazillas of Nilphamari district of Bangladesh using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) as screening test and I-ELISA as confirmatory test. A total of 154 sera samples from Black Bengal goats were collected from Nilphamari district. Epidemiological data on the selected Black Bengal goats were collected using a structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 2.59% in Black Bengal goats. A significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in Black Bengal goats with the history of previous abortion (33.33%). An insignificant (p>0.05) but higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult Black Bengal goats (>24 months) than young. The prevalence was relatively higher in cross-bred than pure Black Bengal goats, in female than male and in pregnant than non-pregnant Black Bengal goats. The result of the study will provide baseline data for control of brucellosis in goat in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15646

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Astarina, Dhevie Kenny, Eko Sugeng Pribadi, and Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu. "Penggunaan Imunostik sebagai Uji Serologi untuk Deteksi Brucella abortus pada Sapi (APPLICATION IMMUNOSTICK ASSAY FOR SEROLOGICAL TEST BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN BOVINE)." Jurnal Veteriner 19, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2018.19.2.169.

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Serological test is one of diagnostic method to detect pathogenicity brucella. Several methods are being improving such as Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) dan Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Immunostick has an accuracy equivalent to ELISA and is easy to apply in the field so it is possible to be applied as a rapid test for brucellosis detection. The study aim was to know sensitivity and specificity of immunostick that were used to detecte antibody Brucella abortus using commercial antigens of B. abortus Strain 19 (S19) and B. abortus Strain 99 (S99). The test have compared with ELISA. The tests were conducted in two stages, namely (i) immunostick ability to detect antibodies in seropositive and seronegative serum, and (ii) the immunostick result were compared with ELISA result in serum grup that were be know and unknown status. A total of 250 serums were examined and result indicated that immunostick can be detect B. abortus antibodies in cattle serum with sensitivity 100%. Immunostick specifity were 45,45% for B. abortus S99(1) antigen; 78,79% for B. abortus S99(2) antigen and 51,52% for B. abortus S19 antigen. When the test compared with ELISA, the sensitivity 82,86% and the spesifity were 52,31% for B. abortus S99(1) antigen; 93,54% and 79,71 for B. abortus S99(2) antigen and 82,86% and 58,46% for B. abortus S19 antigen.

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Whittaker, Beth M. "Editing RBM." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.16.1.436.

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It is truly an honor to write a reflection about RBM and its relationship to ACRL in honor of the organization’s 75th anniversary. I hope my perspective illuminates the recent history of the journal, as well as its relationship with our professional organization. While I had the pleasure to serve on the editorial board from 2006 to 2008, and as editor from 2008 to 2014, my relationship with the journal goes back even further. My first article in the journal, written with Steven E. Smith, appeared when it was Rare Books & Manuscripts Librarianship (12.2, 1998). This was only the . . .

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Oh, Sang-Hoon, Young-Ju Kim, and Tae-Sup Moon. "Cyclic performance of existing moment connections in steel retrofitted with a reduced beam section and bottom flange reinforcements." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-125.

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This study investigated the effectiveness of retrofit methods in improving the deformation capacity of existing moment connections in composite beams. Nonlinear finite element analysis was also performed to identify the cause of the connection failure prior to testing. Tests included one conventional specimen and four retrofit specimens. Three retrofit methods were introduced: a reduced beam section (RBS) only, an RBS with bottom flange reinforcement (RBR), and an RBS-shaped bottom flange reinforcement (RSR). A composite beam performs differently than a bare steel shape because the concrete compression flange greatly increases the tensile demands on an unreinforced bottom flange. Therefore, these retrofit methods were applied only to the bottom flanges of the beam. Quasi-static loading tests were performed. The main conclusions were as follows: (i) the deformation capacity of the existing moment connections in composite beams is not sufficiently improved by RBS alone; and (ii) both the RBR and RSR details move the plastic hinge away from the face of the column and reduce stress levels in the vicinity of the beam bottom flanges, sufficiently improving the deformation capacity.Key words: composite construction, seismic performance, reduced beam section (RBS), flange reinforcement, ductility, deformation capacity.

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Mattson, D. L., and R. J. Roman. "Role of kinins and angiotensin II in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): F670—F679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.5.f670.

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This study examined the role of angiotensin II (ANG II), kinins, and prostaglandins in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril in Munich-Wistar rats in which plasma renin activity was elevated [18.8 +/- 3.3 ng angiotensin I (ANG I).ml-1.h-1]. Neural influences on the kidney were eliminated by renal denervation, and renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was controlled using a clamp on the aorta. Urine flow, sodium excretion, renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and cortical and papillary red blood cell (RBC) flow increased significantly after captopril (2 mg/kg iv). Glomerular and peritubular capillary pressures rose by 20%, and vasa recta capillary pressure fell by 3-4 mmHg due to significant reductions in estimated preglomerular, efferent arteriolar and renal capillary-venous vascular resistances. Infusion of ANG II (20 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv) returned RBF, GFR, and glomerular and peritubular capillary pressures to control; however, ANG II did not lower papillary RBC flow before inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Saralasin had no effect on papillary RBC flow or the response to captopril. The changes in vasa recta hemodynamics produced by captopril were blocked by a kinin antagonist. These findings indicate that ANG II exerts a vasoconstrictor influence on the renal cortical vasculature of Munich-Wistar rats; however, its effects on the medullary circulation are opposed by vasodilatory eicosanoids. They also suggest that kinins participate in the papillary RBC flow response to captopril, perhaps by reducing the outflow resistance from the vasa recta circulation.

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Tyrinova, T. V., O. Yu Leplina, M. A. Tikhonova, L. V. Sakhno, A. A. Maximova, А. A. Ostanin, and E. R. Chernykh. "Relationship between the functional activity of in vitro generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells and the presence of CD16 ⁺ cells among peripheral blood monocytes." Medical Immunology (Russia) 22, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-rbt-1924.

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Piao, Xiang Min, Yue Huo, Jong Pyo Kang, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Hao Zhang, Dong Uk Yang, Mia Kim, Deok Chun Yang, Se Chan Kang, and Ying Ping Wang. "Diversity of Ginsenoside Profiles Produced by Various Processing Technologies." Molecules 25, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 4390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194390.

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Ginseng is a traditional medicinal herb commonly consumed world-wide owing to its unique family of saponins called ginsenosides. The absorption and bioavailability of ginsenosides mainly depend on an individual’s gastrointestinal bioconversion abilities. There is a need to improve ginseng processing to predictably increase the pharmacologically active of ginsenosides. Various types of ginseng, such as fresh, white, steamed, acid-processed, and fermented ginsengs, are available. The various ginseng processing methods produce a range ginsenoside compositions with diverse pharmacological properties. This review is intended to summarize the properties of the ginsenosides found in different Panax species as well as the different processing methods. The sugar moiety attached to the C–3, C–6, or C–20 deglycosylated to produce minor ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd→Rg3, F2, Rh2; Re, Rf→Rg1, Rg2, F1, Rh1. The malonyl-Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd were demalonylated into ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd by dehydration. Dehydration also produces minor ginsenosides such as Rg3→Rk1, Rg5, Rz1; Rh2→Rk2, Rh3; Rh1→Rh4, Rk3; Rg2→Rg6, F4; Rs3→Rs4, Rs5; Rf→Rg9, Rg10. Acetylation of several ginsenosides may generate acetylated ginsenosides Rg5, Rk1, Rh4, Rk3, Rs4, Rs5, Rs6, and Rs7. Acid processing methods produces Rh1→Rk3, Rh4; Rh2→Rk1, Rg5; Rg3→Rk2, Rh3; Re, Rf, Rg2→F1, Rh1, Rf2, Rf3, Rg6, F4, Rg9. Alkaline produces Rh16, Rh3, Rh1, F4, Rk1, ginsenoslaloside-I, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rh1-60-acetate, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh19, zingibroside-R1 through hydrolysis, hydration addition reactions, and dehydration. Moreover, biological processing of ginseng generates the minor ginsenosides of Rg3, F2, Rh2, CK, Rh1, Mc, compound O, compound Y through hydrolysis reactions, and synthetic ginsenosides Rd12 and Ia are produced through glycosylation. This review with respect to the properties of particular ginsenosides could serve to increase the utilization of ginseng in agricultural products, food, dietary supplements, health supplements, and medicines, and may also spur future development of novel highly functional ginseng products through a combination of various processing methods.

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Pasini, Erica M., Hans U. Lutz, Matthias Mann, and Alan W. Thomas. "Red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteomics — Part I: Proteomics and RBC physiology." Journal of Proteomics 73, no. 3 (January 2010): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2009.06.005.

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Babenko, A. V., E. M. Egorova, and I. K. Garkushin. "Partition of the Quaternary Reciprocal System Na,Rb||F,I,CrO4 and Investigation of the Stable Tetrahedron NaF–RbI–RbF–Rb2CrO4." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 64, no. 7 (July 2019): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023619070027.

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Бабенко, А. В., Е. М. Егорова, and И. К. Гаркушин. "Разбиение четырехкомпонентной взаимной системы Na,Rb||F,I,CrO 4 и исследование стабильного тетраэдра NaF–RbI–RbF–Rb 2 CrO 4." Журнал неорганической химии 64, no. 7 (2019): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0044457x1907002x.

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Kansagra, Ankit J., Saurabh Dahiya, Chester Andrzejewski, Robert Krushell, Andrew Lehman, Jordan Greenbaum, Alice Ehresman, et al. "Blood Management Strategies to Reduce Transfusions after Elective Lower-Extremity Joint Arthroplasty Surgeries: One Tertiary Care Hospital's Early Experience with an Alternative Payment Model - a Total Joint 'Bundle." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3854.3854.

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Abstract Background and objective: Blood loss associated with total lower-extremity joint arthroplasty (TJA) often results in postoperative anemia and need for red blood cell transfusions (RBCT). We report the results of a quality improvement initiative to improve blood management and decrease transfusions in patients undergoing TJA in one tertiary hospital. Methods: Pre and post analysis after the implementation of a multifaceted intervention which included preoperative assessment for anemia, use of tranexamic acid, discouragement of autologous pre-operative blood collection and institution of more restrictive RBCT protocols. The results were stratified into three periods: I - pre-interventional (01/01/2013 -09/30/2013); II - peri-interventional (10/01/2013 -04/30/2014); and III - post-interventional (05/01/2014 -12/31/2014). We used fractional logistic regression with robust standard errors and regression modeling was configured using a segmented, or "piecewise", approach in which slope coefficients in each period were estimated. Results: During the study period 2511 patients underwent surgery. Compared with the pre-intervention period, the total number of RBC units transfused decreased from a total of 587 in the pre- to 107 in the post-intervention period (81.8% decrease). The percentage of patients receiving transfusion declined from 36.7% in pre-implementation period to 8.8% to post-intervention period. Depending upon the costing methodology used, annualized savings in RBC expenditure between time period 1 and 3 ranged from a low of $108,000 using the acquisition cost per unit (~$225/unit) to $480,000 when using activity based costing (~$1000/unit). Mean length of stay (days) and 30-day readmission rates remained stable during the study period. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach with proactive involvement of all the interested parties can be successful and sustainable in reducing RBCT and its associated costs, in patients undergoing TJA. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Krebs, K. E., S. M. Prouty, I. S. Zagon, and S. R. Goodman. "Structural and functional relationship of red blood cell protein 4.1 to synapsin I." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 253, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): C500—C505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.4.c500.

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It has been suggested that the neuron specific protein synapsin I is closely related to red blood cell (rbc) protein 4.1. A systematic comparison of the structural and functional properties of rbc protein 4.1 and synapsin I has been carried out. There is approximately a three order of magnitude difference in cross reactivity of synapsin I with rbc 4.1 antiserum vs. synapsin I antiserum, as determined by a competitive quantitative dot assay. Two-dimensional chymotryptic iodopeptide mapping analysis demonstrated limited peptide homology (approximately 34% spot overlap) between rbc 4.1 and synapsin I. Dephosphorylated synapsin I binds saturably to brain spectrin (240/235) with an estimated dissociation constant (Kd) of 700 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 4 mol synapsin I/mol spectrin tetramer, similar to the affinity and stoichiometry of 4.1 binding to rbc spectrin. Synapsin I was found to bind to the terminal ends of the brain spectrin tetramer by low-angle rotary shadowing, analogous to 4.1 binding to rbc spectrin. In summary, synapsin I is structurally and immunologically distinct from rbc 4.1, yet shares functional similarities with rbc 4.1 with respect to its spectrin binding characteristics.

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Wu, Dong-dong, Wen Su, Shu-hua Li, Jing He, Kai Li, Hai-Bo Chen, and Ying Jin. "A Questionnaire-Based Study on Clinical REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Subtypes in Multiple System Atrophy." European Neurology 84, no. 5 (2021): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517149.

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Objectives: Studies documenting the association between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and subtypes of multiple system atrophy (MSA) are rare. In this study, we investigated the presence of clinical RBD in MSA patients and compared the prevalence and severity of RBD in patients with MSA-P and MSA-C subtypes. Methods: We evaluated 54 consecutive patients presenting with MSA and hospitalized in the neurology ward of Beijing Hospital from February 2012 to June 2020. The healthy control (HC) group consisted of 100 healthy individuals who came to our hospital for physical examination. The clinical diagnosis of RBD was based on the minimal diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Sleep Disorders, revised. The severity of clinical RBD was rated on a digital scale from 0 to 3. The patients were divided into 2 subgroups: MSA-P and MSA-C. The MSA and HC groups were compared in terms of frequency of clinical RBD. The MSA-P and MSA-C subgroups were compared with each other for age, sex, onset age, disease duration, and features of clinical RBD. The correlation between severity of clinical RBD and clinical characteristics of MSA was analyzed in the patient groups. Results: The frequency of clinical RBD in MSA and HC groups was 70.4% (38/54) and 5% (5/100), respectively. The difference between 2 groups was significant (χ2 = 74.453, p = 0.000). Among the patients, 57.4% (31/54) had the MSA-P subtype. There were no significant differences between MSA-P and MSA-C subtypes in the prevalence (χ2 = 1.734, p = 0.188) and severity (χ2 = 1.776, p = 0.412) of clinical RBD. The onset of clinical RBD during the premotor period was not different between the subtypes of MSA, either in patients’ number of preceding the onset of motor symptoms (χ2 = 0.581, p = 0.446) or the preceding time (Z = −0.550, p = 0.582). For the MSA-C patients, there was a negative correlation between the score of severity of the RBD scale and RBD preceding motor symptoms (r = −0.482, p = 0.020). Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of clinical RBD is unrelated to the subtypes of MSA. The onset of clinical RBD during the premotor period was not different between subtypes of MSA. However, we found that the severity of RBD occurring before the motor symptoms was more than that occurring after the motor symptoms in MSA-C patients. Our results showed that MSA-P and MSA-C patients may have a probable indicator for the similar pathologic mechanism of the disease and its sleep problems.

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Li, Gonghao, Wenhao Qian, and Changyun Zhao. "Analyzing the anti-ischemia–reperfusion injury effects of ginsenoside Rb1 mediated through the inhibition of p38α MAPK." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 94, no. 1 (January 2016): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0164.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 protects the myocardium from ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise mechanisms for this protection have not been determined. This study aimed to determine whether the attenuation of I/R-induced myocardial injury by ginsenoside Rb1 (GS Rb1) is due to inhibition of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Sprague–Dawley rats were distributed among 6 treatment groups: sham group; I/R group; p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 group (SB + I/R); GS Rb1 group (GS + I/R); p38 MAPK agonist anisomycin group (Ani + I/R); and the GS Rb1 + Ani group (GS + Ani + I/R). All of the anaesthetized rats, except those in the sham group, underwent an open-chest procedure that involved 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarction size (MIS), caspase-3 activity, and levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the myocardium were monitored. The expressions of p38α MAPK, caspase-3, and TNF-α in the myocardium were assayed. GS Rb1 reduced MIS and attenuated caspase-3 activity and the levels of TNF-α in the myocardium. Protein expression of total p38α MAPK was not significantly altered. In the Ani + I/R and I/R groups, the levels of phospho-p38α MAPK were significantly increased compared with the sham group, and these increased levels were reduced with GS Rb1. Hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between the GS + I/R and SB + I/R groups. GS Rb1 exerts an anti-apoptotic effect that protects against I/R injury by inhibiting p38α MAPK phosphorylation, suggesting that GS Rb1-mediated protection requires the inhibition of p38α MAPK.

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Lioi, M. B., M. R. Scarfi, and D. Di Berardino. "The RBA-banded karyotype of the fallow deer (Dama dama L.)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 67, no. 2 (1994): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000133803.

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Sepasgozar, Saleh Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh, Morteza Naghipour, and Ali Akbarnezhad. "Seismic Behaviour of RBS and AW-RBS Moment Resistant Connections in Double I-Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.612.

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Moment resistant steel connections are widely used in steel structures and play a significant role in reliability of structures, especially in earthquake-prone regions. After the Northridge earthquake, the invention of Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connections was a turning point in the design of the moment-resistant steel connections. In the present study, the seismic behavior of the RBS connections with reduced flange width as well as the AW-RBS connections with reduced web section in the double section beams are investigated. The results of a numerical study conducted using ABQUS finite element modeling software to investigate the ductility, energy absorption and plastic behavior of the RBS joints under cyclic loads are presented. Results showed promising performance with regards to energy absorbance and ductility for the AW-RBS connections.

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Smith, G. D., R. J. Lee, J. M. Oliver, and J. Keizer. "Effect of Ca2+ influx on intracellular free Ca2+ responses in antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): C939—C952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.3.c939.

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We undertake a quantitative investigation of changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, which include contributions of both Ca2+ store release and Ca2+ influx from the medium. Following Keizer and De Young (J. Keizer and G. De Young. Biophys. J. 61: 649-660, 1992), we develop a highly constrained mathematical model for [Ca2+]i oscillations in RBL-2H3 cells, which includes activation of the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) by inositol 1,4,5-trisphospate, indirect Ca2+ activation of the IP3R via Ca2+ -dependent activity of phospholipase C-gamma, slow inhibition of the IP3R by cytosolic Ca2+, refilling of Ca2+ stores by a Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA)-type pump, and a simple representation of the dependence of plasma membrane (PM) fluxes on experimental conditions. Using this full (open cell) model, we simulate [Ca2+]i responses for protocols in which antigen concentration and external Ca2+ are manipulated and compare out calculations with experimental data. In protocol A, cells are stimulated in the presence of external Ca2+, in protocols B and C, cells are stimulated in the absence of external Ca2+, with external Ca2+ later reapplied in protocol C. We are able to reproduce quantitatively the important features of all three protocols, including the dose response of protocol B, the [Ca2+]i response to thapsigargin, and lag time results, and we provide qualitative explanations for the responses derived from our calculations. We also develop a simplified (closed cell) version of the model in which PM fluxes are neglected and total free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]T) is a slowly varying parameter. This permits us to explain in a simple graphical fashion how PM fluxes may influence [Ca2+]i responses in RBH-2H3 cells through modulation of [Ca2+]T.

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Liu, Y., Q. He, D. Liu, W. Wan, X. Liu, C. Wen, W. Fang, W. Zhou, and Z. Xia. "RP-HPLCdetermination of ginsenosides RG1 and RB1 in Panax ginseng fruits." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v12i2.3.

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Ishihara, Masanari, Takehiko Ogura, Koichiro Akakura, Ken-ichi Egoshi, Kazuo Mikami, Haruaki Nakaya, and Haruo Ito. "Cystine Transport Activity of Heterozygous rBAT Mutants Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes." Nephron 91, no. 2 (2002): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000058404.

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YonenagaYassuda, Y., S. Kasahara, T. H. Chu, and M. T. Rodrigues. "High-resolution RBG-banding pattern in the genus Tropidurus (Sauria, Iguanidae)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 48, no. 2 (1988): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132592.

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Grazdankin, V. N., and E. T. Shipatov. "RBS data processing. I: Analysis of non-stoichiometric targets." Radiation Effects 88, no. 3-4 (January 1985): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00337578608207487.

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Yan, Xu, Jianxun Liu, Hongjin Wu, Yuna Liu, Sidao Zheng, Chengying Zhang, and Cui Yang. "Impact of miR-208 and its Target Gene Nemo-Like Kinase on the Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Hypoxia/Ischemia Injuried Cardiomyocytes." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 39, no. 3 (2016): 1187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447825.

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Background/Aims: Ginsenoside Rb1 (GS-Rb1) is one of the most important active pharmacological extracts of the Traditional Chinese Medicine ginseng, with extensive evidence of its cardioprotective properties. Mir-208 has been shown to act as a biomarker of acute myocardial infarction in vivo studies including man. However the impact of miR-208 on the protective effect of GS-Rb1 in hypoxia/ischemia injured cardiomyocytes remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate the target gene of miR-208 and the impact on the protective effect of GS-Rb1 in hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) injuried cardiomyocytes. Materials and Methods: Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) was subjected to the H/I conditions with or without GS-Rb1. Cell viability was calculated by MTT assay and confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Mir-208 was then detected by qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to detect the target gene of Mir-208. Then the NRCMs were transfected with miR-208 mimics and inhibitors to evaluate the impact on cardioprotective properties of Rb1. Results: The miR-208 expression level was clearly upregulated in the H/I treated NRCMs accompanied by the percentage of the apoptotic cells which could be reversed by GS-Rb1 pretreatment. The nemo-like kinase (NLK) mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased in H/I group measured by RT-PCR and western blotting. Luciferase activity assay was then carried out to identify that NLK may be a direct target of mir-208. MTT assay showed that miR-208 inhibitor slightly decreased the protective effect of Rb1 on the H/I impaired NRCMs. However, results showed no statistical difference. Conclusions: These findings proved that NLK was a direct target of mir-208 and miR-208 act indirectly during Rb1 protecting H/I impaired NRCMs and further researches were needed to explore the relationship that microRNAs and other signal pathways in the protective effect of GS-Rb1 on the hypoxia/ischemia injuries in cardiomyocytes.

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Slanicay, Martin. "Some Notes on Historical, Theoretical, and Empirical Background of DSGE Models." Review of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2014-0008.

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Abstract In this paper I present the historical, theoretical and empirical background of DSGE models. I show that the fundament of these models lies in optimizing agents framework and argue which impulses fueled the development of DSGE models. I demonstrate the evolution of DSGE models with an accent on the role and effects of the monetary policy, using distinction between RBC models and New Keynesian models. I explain the paradigm shift from the RBC models to the New Keynesian models by pointing out the main pitfalls of the RBC models and showing how adding nominal rigidities to the otherwise standard RBC models enhances empirical properties of these models. I also discuss how nominal rigidities are modeled in New Keynesian DSGE models and what the pros and cons of different approaches are. Finally, I review the most important New Keynesian theories of nominal rigidities and some of the empirical evidence on price and wage rigidities

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Babarikins, Dmitrijs, Guntra Krūmiņa, Irina Paegle, Diāna Amerika, Zaiga Krūmiņa, Dmitrijs Vanags, and Tatjana Tihomirova. "Allogeneic Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Polytrauma Repair: The Role of Fractionated on the Basis of Molecular Mass Red Beetroot Juice in the Prevention of Transplanted Cells Side Effects in Rats." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0010.

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Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) juice (RBJ) is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of anemia. It has been shown that beetroot juice decreases blood pressure, provides a protective effect on blood vessels and has antioxidant and anticancerogenic properties. In the case of polytrauma it might have beneficial effects because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as antimicrobial activity. It is also well-known that RBR juice can induce undesirable side effects, e.g. flatulent stomach, nausea and other unpleasant reactions. Therefore, it seems prospective to develop red beetroot juice based on its natural compound composition free of undesirable side effects, which could then be used in combination with bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MMSC) transplantation in the case of polytrauma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of allogeneic BM MMSC transplantation in rats with experimental polytrauma and to analyse red beetroot fractions separated on the basis of molecular weight in regard to their ingestion impact on cell transplantation efficacy. Red beet juice was fractionated by ultrafiltration (cut-off-point 20 kDa). Total phenolic compound concentration in the final product practically did not decrease. The product was tested in vitro and in vivo. Unlike native juice, fractionated RBJ in vitro suppressed BM MMSC adipogenic (60-71%, P < 0.05) and stimulated osteogenic differentiation (124%, P < 0.05). Experimental polytrauma in rats was modelled by causing three fractures and haemorrhagic shock. Animals were randomised in five groups: 1) normal control; 2) polytrauma; 3) polytrauma + i/v BM MMSC transplantation 36 h and 5 days after surgery; 4) polytrauma + fractionated RBJ administration per os 1ml/d, and 5) polytrauma + BM MMSCs + fractionated RBJ. Transplantation of allogeneic BM MMSCs in rats with experimental polytrauma stimulated bone fracture reparation, but caused plethora in viscera and dystrophic changes in lungs. Combination of BM MMSCs and fractionated RBJ resulted in better bone reparation and significant hematopoiesis stimulation.

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Lee, Eui Young, Sung Shin Kim, Ga Young Park, and Sun Hyang Lee. "Effect of red blood cell transfusion on short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00990.

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Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion improves cardiorespiratory status of preterm infants by increasing circulating hemoglobin, improving tissue oxygenation, and reducing cardiac output. However, RBC transfusion itself has also been suggested to negatively affect short-term outcomes such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants.Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between RBC transfusion and short-term outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight, <1,500 g).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of VLBW infants admitted to the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between October 2010 and December 2017. Infants who died during hospitalization were excluded. The infants were divided into 2 groups according to RBC transfusion status. We investigated the relationship between RBC transfusion and short-term outcomes including BPD, ROP, NEC, and IVH.Results: Of the 250 enrolled VLBW infants, 109 (43.6%) underwent transfusion. Univariate analysis revealed that all shortterm outcomes except early-onset sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus were associated with RBC transfusion. In multivariate analysis adjusted for gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score at 1 minute, RBC transfusion was significantly correlated with BPD (odds ratio [OR], 5.42; P<0.001) and NEC (OR, 3.40; P= 0.009).Conclusion: RBC transfusion is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as NEC and BPD in VLBW infants. Careful consideration of the patient’s clinical condition and appropriate guidelines is required before administration of RBC transfusions.

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Yan, Xu, Jinwen Tian, Hongjin Wu, Yuna Liu, Jianxun Ren, Sidao Zheng, Chengying Zhang, Cui Yang, Yang Li, and Shengqi Wang. "Ginsenoside Rb1 Protects Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia/Ischemia Induced Apoptosis and Inhibits Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/149195.

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Aim. To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 (GS-Rb1) on hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) injury in cardiomyocytesin vitroand the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated mechanism.Methods. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) for the H/I groups were kept in DMEM without glucose and serum, and were placed into a hypoxic jar for 24 h. GS-Rb1 at concentrations from 2.5 to 40 µM was given during hypoxic period for 24 h. NRCMs injury was determined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. Cell apoptosis, ROS accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytosolic translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c and Bcl-2 family proteins were determined by Western blot. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were determined by the assay kit.Results. GS-Rb1 significantly reduced cell death and LDH leakage induced by H/I. It also reduced H/I induced NRCMs apoptosis induced by H/I, in accordance with a minimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Moreover, GS-Rb1 markedly decreased the translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, increased the Bcl-2/ Bax ratio, and preserved mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Its administration also inhibited activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3.Conclusion. Administration of GS-Rb1 during H/Iin vitrois involved in cardioprotection by inhibiting apoptosis, which may be due to inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

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Kang, Yang Jun. "Microfluidic-based measurement of RBC aggregation and the ESR using a driving syringe system." Analytical Methods 10, no. 16 (2018): 1805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay02719b.

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The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and red blood cell (RBC) aggregation in a driving syringe are simultaneously measured by quantifying blood press index (I_press) and RBC aggregation index (I_RA) in a microfluidic device.

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Asah, Cresta, Rune Frandsen, Rikke Ibsen, Jakob Kjellberg, and Poul Jennum. "Morbidity, Mortality, and Conversion to Neurodegenerative Diseases in Patients with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and REM Sleep without Atonia." Neuroepidemiology 55, no. 2 (2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514175.

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Introduction: The underlying pathophysiology of idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is not fully understood, although the condition is currently recognized as an early-stage alpha-synuclein disorder. We evaluated the morbidity, mortality, and rate of conversion to a neurodegenerative disorder in a national group of patients. Methods: All patients in Denmark with a diagnosis of RBD between 2006 and 2013 were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) records. We excluded patients who had received a diagnosis of narcolepsy or any of the following neurodegenerative diseases before their diagnosis of RBD: Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear paralysis, Alzheimer’s, and Lewy body dementia. We used randomly chosen controls matched for age, gender, and municipality. Results: In total, 246 iRBD patients and 982 matched controls were analyzed. The mortality rate was the same in both groups. The morbidity rate was significantly higher in the years before and after an RBD diagnosis, due to a wide variety of disorders in the following major disease groups: mental/behavioral disorders; endocrine/metabolic diseases; diseases of the eye; diseases of the nervous, digestive, musculoskeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems; abnormal findings not classified elsewhere; external causes; and factors influencing health status. The conversion rate from RBD to a neurodegenerative disease was 13% over the 8 years after a diagnosis of RBD. Conclusions: A diagnosis of RBD is associated with increased morbidity several years before and after a diagnosis is made. Patients have a higher risk of converting to a neurodegenerative disorder than matched controls. Mortality rates are unchanged.

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Zimring, James C., Gregory A. Hair, Seema S. Deshpande, and John T. Horan. "Transfusion of Leukoreduced RBC Results in Immunization to Minor Histocompatibility Antigens by Crosspriming into Recipient MHC Class I Pathways." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1266.1266.

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Abstract Background: HLA matched related bone marrow transplantation (BMT) following myeloablative treatment with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and ATG is an effective therapy for children with severe sickle cell disease (SCD). However, a five percent risk for transplant related mortality precludes its use in less severely affected children, and a much higher risk in adults prevents its use in older patients. Low dose total body irradiation based conditioning regimens may provide a safer approach to BMT for patients with SCD. However, although these non-myeloablative regimens reliably allow for sustained engraftment in patients with malignant diseases, there is a high incidence of graft rejection in patients with SCD. One distinct variable in the sickle cell population is chronic transfusion with multiple units of red blood cells (RBC), which may lead to immunization to antigens present on donor bone marrow. Because BMTs in this setting are HLA matched, any immunization responsible for increased rejection is likely against minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs). It has been assumed that contaminating leukocytes in RBC units are the main source of immunization to mHAs. However, a recent analysis of patients undergoing HLA matched BMT for aplastic anemia performed by the International bone marrow transplant registry, indicates that rejection of multiply transfused patients remains high despite the use of leukoreduced blood products. We hypothesized that RBC are alone sufficient to immunize to mHAs through consumption of donor RBC by recipient antigen presenting cells (APC) and crosspresentation of donor peptides in recipient MHC I molecules. Methods: Chicken Ovalbumin (OVA) is a well studied antigen. We converted OVA into a model RBC associated antigen using a maleimide-sulfhydryl based crosslinking strategy to couple OVA to RBC (OVA-RBC). To monitor activation of CD8+ T cells specific for OVA, we utilized mice transgenic for a T cell receptor that recognizes an OVA peptide 257–264 (SIINFEKL) presented by MHC class I H-2Kb (OT-I mice). Leukoreduced (OVA-RBC) from B10.BR (H-2k) donor mice were transfused into C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice that had been adoptively transferred with OT-I T cells. Activation, and expansion of OT-I cells was assessed by flow cytometry using specific tetramer reagents. Results: Although their lifespan is somewhat decreased, OVA-RBC continue to circulate for 10–14 days with stable persistence of OVA on the RBC. In response to transfusion of OVA-RBC, OT-I T cells expanded 49 fold compared to untransfused mice (p value = .0002). This was antigen specific, as no expansion was seen with RBC crosslinked to a third party antigen (hen egg lysozyme). Moreover, the observed T cell expansion required that the antigen be associated with the RBC, as no expansion was observed after injection with soluble OVA. This experimental design precludes direct presentation of OVA by donor cells, as donor cells do not express the MHC (H-2Kb) to which OT-I T cells are restricted. Discussion: Based upon the above data, we conclude that mHAs on transfused RBC crossprime into the MHC class I pathway of recipient APC. Since human hematopoietic progenitor cells express many of the known mHAs, this observation provides a mechanism by which chronic transfusion of even stringently leukoreduced RBC may result in sufficient mHA immunization to increase the frequency of BMT rejection.

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Li, Chonghea, Xionggang Lu, Weizhong Ding, Liming Feng, Yonghui Gao, and Ziming Guo. "Formability of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 6 (November 14, 2008): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108032734.

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In this study a total of 186 complex halide systems were collected; the formabilities of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I) halide perovskites were investigated using the empirical structure map, which was constructed by Goldschmidt's tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. A model for halide perovskite formability was built up. In this model obtained, for all 186 complex halides systems, only one system (CsF–MnF2) without perovskite structure and six systems (RbF–PbF2, CsF–BeF2, KCl–FeCl2, TlI–MnI2, RbI–SnI2, TlI–PbI2) with perovskite structure were wrongly classified, so its predicting accuracy reaches 96%. It is also indicated that both the tolerance factor and the octahedral factor are a necessary but not sufficient condition for ABX 3 halide perovskite formability, and a lowest limit of the octahedral factor exists for halide perovskite formation. This result is consistent with our previous report for ABO3 oxide perovskite, and may be helpful to design novel halide materials with the perovskite structure.

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Aleksić, Vujadin, Srđan Bulatović, Bojana Aleksić, and Ljubica Milović. "NDT I RBI U FUNKCIJI GUBITKA INTEGRITETA OPREME POD PRITISKOM." Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta 30, no. 25 (2014): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14415/konferencijagfs2014.006.

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Armstead, William M., Kumkum Ganguly, John W. Kiessling, Xiao-Han Chen, Douglas H. Smith, Abd AR Higazi, Douglas B. Cines, Khalil Bdeir, Sergei Zaitsev, and Vladimir R. Muzykantov. "Red Blood Cells-Coupled tPA Prevents Impairment of Cerebral Vasodilatory Responses and Tissue Injury in Pediatric Cerebral Hypoxia/Ischemia through Inhibition of ERK MAPK Activation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 29, no. 8 (May 13, 2009): 1463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.61.

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Babies experience hypoxia (H) and ischemia (I) from stroke. The only approved treatment for stroke is fibrinolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA potentiates H/I-induced impairment of responses to cerebrovasodilators such as hypercapnia and hypotension, and blockade of tPA-mediated vasoactivity prevents this deleterious effect. Coupling of tPA to red blood cells (RBCs) reduces its central nervous system (CNS) toxicity through spatially confining the drug to the vasculature. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a family of at least three kinases, is upregulated after H/I. In this study we determined whether RBC-tPA given before or after cerebral H/I would preserve responses to cerebrovasodilators and prevent neuronal injury mediated through the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) MAPK pathway. Animals given RBC-tPA maintained responses to cerebrovasodilators at levels equivalent to pre-H/I values. cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchymal ERK MAPK was elevated by H/I and this upregulation was potentiated by tPA, but blunted by RBC-tPA. U0126, an ERK MAPK antagonist, also maintained cerebrovasodilation post H/I. Neuronal degeneration in CA1 hippocampus after H/I was not improved by tPA, but was ameliorated by RBC-tPA and U0126. These data suggest that coupling of tPA to RBCs offers a novel approach toward increasing the benefit/risk ratio of thrombolytic therapy for CNS disorders associated with H/I.

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Hülsenbeck, Isabel, Mirjam Frank, Eva Biewald, Deniz Kanber, Dietmar R. Lohmann, and Petra Ketteler. "Introduction of a Variant Classification System for Analysis of Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in Heritable Retinoblastoma." Cancers 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071605.

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Constitutional haploinsufficiency of the RB1 gene causes heritable retinoblastoma, a tumor predisposition syndrome. Patients with heritable retinoblastoma develop multiple retinoblastomas early in childhood and other extraocular tumors later in life. Constitutional pathogenic variants in RB1 are heterogeneous, and a few genotype-phenotype correlations have been described. To identify further genotype-phenotype relationships, we developed the retinoblastoma variant effect classification (REC), which considers each variant’s predicted effects on the common causal mediator, RB1 protein pRB. For validation, the RB1 variants of 287 patients were grouped according to REC. Multiple aspects of phenotypic expression were analyzed, known genotype-phenotype associations were revised, and new relationships were explored. Phenotypic expression of patients with REC-I, -II, and -III was distinct. Remarkably, the phenotype of patients with variants causing residual amounts of truncated pRB (REC-I) was more severe than patients with complete loss of RB1 (REC-II). The age of diagnosis of REC-I variants appeared to be distinct depending on truncation’s localization relative to pRB structure domains. REC classes identify genotype-phenotype relationships and, therefore, this classification framework may serve as a tool to develop tailored tumor screening programs depending on the type of RB1 variant.

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Journal articles on the topic 'I-RBT'

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