Journal articles: 'I.C.T'

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Habib, Dr Yahiaoui. "I.C.T: Challenges and Perspectives." IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) 07, no. 01 (January 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/7388-0701031418.

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Kontostavlou, Eirini –. Zoi, and Athanasios S. Drigas. "The Use of Information and Communications Technology (I.C.T.) in Gifted Students." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 7, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i2.10815.

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<p class="0abstract">This article aims at considering the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in gifted education and highlight the best ICT techniques for gifted students. The use of ICT in special education and specifically in gifted education has proved effective. ICTs techniques can be used by teachers to make intervention to the gifted, which will be very useful for them as they could develop their abilities and skills. In this report we provide a brief review of the most representative articles for ICT techniques, which have been used for giftedness. Pupils who are gifted in ICT are also presented.</p>

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Brahma, Aritra. "Woman Empowerment in Information and Communication Technology (I.C.T) and Digital Growth in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.2024.

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Minton, Pat. "Using information and communication technology (I.C.T.) to help dyslexics, and others, learn spelling." Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities 7, no. 3 (September 2002): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19404150209546705.

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Răzvan, Șerbu. "Several Contemporary Economy Features, Consequences of Internet Expansion and I.C.T. Innovations in the World." Studies in Business and Economics 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2019-0052.

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AbstractThe Internet has reach half of the population of the planet and in the latest three years more than 700 millions users came on line from the emerging world. Most of them are coming now from the poorer population. This it may be a turning point for their economic development. This paper attempts to outline some possible future developments of the contemporary economy within the new digital transformation and development of internet firms in emerging markets, some of the pluses and minuses, some of the opportunities and threats brought by the expansion of the Internet and information and communication technologies at different levels. We will present some significant aspects about this impact for individuals and for companies especially in Eastern Europe but also around the world. The study intends to deliver also analysis at the level of governmental reactions. Governments have gone through different sentiments that have led to different responses to these technologies. A new revolution that is about to begin it will be grounded on blockchain the technologies that cryptocurrencies are based on. What was initially translated as a threat to governments and central banks can become a solution if it’s deal cautiously.

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Fonio, Filippo. "Eléonore Langelier, Du nouveau sur «La Muse Chrestienne»: quelques hypothèses sur l’identité de I.C.T." Studi Francesi, no. 150 (L | III) (December 31, 2006): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.27462.

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Sideraki, Angeliki, and Athanasios Drigas. "Comparative analysis on: Metacognition and Mindfulness in twins with Attachment and children with ASD through I.C.T." Technium Social Sciences Journal 34 (August 8, 2022): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v34i1.6998.

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The following study examines the neuroscience of attachment and the role of mindfulness and metacognition. First, the importance of mindfulness is discussed, which is strongly found in people with attachment, particularly in twins. Next, mindfulness in people with autism is examined. More specifically, the purpose of the research is to draw conclusions about the emotional intelligence that individuals with ASD develop and the levels of mindfulness and metacognition that they are able to achieve. In the course of the study, reference is made to the factors that influence their emotional development such as stress and vortices, where its role seems to be different compared to typically developing individuals because individuals with autism follow a different developmental and cognitive trajectory. Then, topic is made to the essential role of AI( artificial intelligence), which seems contribute positively to the cognitive and emotional development of children with autism as various important technologies are used, such as specially constructed and functional robots, which contribute to both the treatment and diagnosis of autism. From the present study, it was found that all the above methods contribute to improve the cognitive level of individuals with autistic disorder and to raise them to the levels of metacognition pyramid and knowledge-cognition pyramid. Finally, the role of ICT and AI is particularly helpful in achieving this ascent

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Athanasenas, Athanasios L. "Value Co-Creation in Services: An Economic Perception on the State of the Art in Economics, I.C.T. vs. Marketing." Procedia Economics and Finance 33 (2015): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01724-4.

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Dinda, Rahmawati, Arief Assaf, and Do Abdullah Saiful Saiful. "Studi On Big Data Analytics Framework in Smart City Context." E3S Web of Conferences 328 (2021): 04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132804022.

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The issue of global urbanization, which is a separate problem faced by the government, is the very rapid growth of population density in cities. To face this challenge, the government launched a smart city project by targeting sustainable economic growth and improving the quality of life. Information and Communication Technology governance is the key to realizing a smart city. However, each of these I.C.T. tools produce large amounts of data known as Big Data. Data processing with the Big Data approach is becoming a trend in information systems to provide better public services and provide references in the policy-making process. However, to obtain important information in the scope of big data, a Big Data Analytics process is needed, also known as Big Data Value Chain. Extracting knowledge from the related literature can identify the characteristics of the big data analytic framework for smart cities. This paper reviews several big data analytic frameworks applied to smart cities. This paper is to find the advantages and disadvantages of each framework so that it can be a direction for future research

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Maghanga, Elnorah. "CHALLENGES AFFECTING USE OF I.C.T BY SMALL & MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF TSAVO SECURITIES LTD." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 2, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.133.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to underscore the challenges faced by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in using Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in the case of Tsavo Securities Ltd.Methodology: A descriptive case study design was used in this study and the population (32 employees) constituted all the employees appearing on the employment register. A sample of 50% (16) was selected from the population. A self-report questionnaire was the data collection tool used in this study. The data was analyzed by use of inferential statistics and presented using graphs and charts.Results: Findings in this study indicate that inadequate funds and costs of acquiring hardware and software, inadequate training, lack of an ICT policy and poor ICT security were fundamental challenges facing SMEs in Kenya. Benefits accruing to SMEs from the use of ICT were competitive advantage, local expansion and cost saving.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The researcher concluded that the above challenges affected the use of ICT use by SMEs. Consequently, the researcher suggested several solutions to curb these challenges. The deepening of the local SME financial market was advocated for to curb the challenge of finance. In addition, the introduction of an ICT policy was advocated for. Training needs needed to be addressed by the introduction of government sponsored ICT training initiatives. The study recommended an investigation into the causal relationship between ICT use and financial performance.

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Vítor, Ricardo Wagner de Almeida, and Egler Chiari. "Avaliação de antígenos do trypanosoma cruzi para a reação de hemaglutinação indireta: II. Antígenos de diferentes amostras e formas evolutivas." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 29, no. 3 (June 1987): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651987000300012.

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Para aprimorar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da reação de hemaglutina-ção indireta no diagnóstico da doença de Chagas, foram utilizados eritrocitos sensibilizados com antígeno de epimastigotas de diferentes amostras (clones Al.7, B12, Cl e cepas D150 e Y), de tripomastigotas metacíclicos de cultura (TMC) e de tri-pomastigotas de cultura de células (TCC) do Trypanosoma cruzi. Foram titulados 132 soros de indivíduos chagásicos e 161 soros de não chagásicos, diagnosticados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), considerada como reação de referência no cálculo dos índices de co-positividade (i.c.p.), co-negatividade (i.c.n.) e concordância. Utilizando o título discriminante (T.D.) de 1:40, os antígenos da cepa Y e do clone B12 apresentaram valores elevados para os três índices calculados, indicando boa sensibilidade e especificidade em relação à RIFI. Os antígenos dos clones Al .7 e Cl apresentaram baixa especificidade considerando o T.D. de 1:40, mas ocorreu um aumento acentuado para o i.c.n. considerando o T.D. de 1:80, indicando um aumento de especificidade relativa sem alteração significativa da sensibilidade relativa. Com os antígenos T.M.C, e T.C.C, foram observados títulos mais baixos e valores menores para o i.c.p., indicando pouca sensibilidade em relação à RIFI.

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Wiredu, John, Yu Bo, Qian Yang, and Samuel Akwasi Agyemang. "Customer Satisfaction on the Impact of I.C.T Based Products on Rural Banks: A Case Study of Anyinam-Rural Bank Limited in Ghana." Journal of Business and Management Sciences 9, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/jbms-9-4-5.

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Edom, Eunice Uchechi, and Remigius Chinedu Onuegbu. "Curbing Theft and Mutilation of Library Resources in Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bhi/v6n2p11.

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This study investigated The Role of Information & Communication Technology (I.C.T) In Curbing Theft and Mutilation of Library Resources in Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo. A total of 221 users' population made up of 41 staff and 180 library users were obtained through random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and direct observation method. The result showed that the major cause of mutilation and theft of library information materials is lack of adequate security network as 61 % opined that users hide library materials inside their bags and files. The result also showed that reference materials are the most frequently affected as 43% of the users attested even though all library materials are vulnerable to mutilation and theft. In other to prevent mutilation and theft of library resource, 60% are of the opinion that there should be electronically devices; security guards and attendants at the main entrance of the Polytechnic Library and 33% suggested that offenders should be handed over to the library committee for disciplinary action. The researcher therefore recommended as a way to alleviate this ugly situation that there is the need for a good and strong electronic security system, multiple copies of library materials, photocopying machines, user education programs and adequate financial support from government for effective management of information resource in the Polytechnic Library. Keywords: Mutilation, Theft, Library Resources, ICT, Imo state Polytechnic.

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Ponce Anchundia, Luis Stiven, and Jairo Andrés Moran Delgado. "LAS TIC COMO MEDIO DE APRENDIZAJE DE LOS IDIOMAS." Revista Cognosis. ISSN 2588-0578 2, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v2i3.857.

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El presente trabajo procura el mejoramiento del aprendizaje de los idiomas a través de la tecnología, las TIC, dentro y fuera del aula en la carrera de Idiomas de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, debido a que este medio de aprendizaje nos ayudará en el desarrollo de nuestras habilidades y nuestra práctica del idioma. Se ha tomado como referencia las opiniones de diferentes autores para la elaboración de esta investigación para poder explicar las variables positivas y negativas de la situación problemática. Consta de una conclusión que determina y propone la mejora de la problemática en la carrera de Idiomas en dicha Universidad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Tecnología; investigación; comunicación; aprendizaje; destrezas. ICT AS A MEANS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING ABSTRACT The present work seeks to improve the learning of languages through technology, information and communications technology (I.C.T), inside and outside the classroom in the languages’ career at the “Universidad Técnica de Manabí”, due to this way of learning; it will help us for developing our skills and our language practice. We have taken as reference the opinions of various authors for the elaboration of this research for explaining the positive and negative variables of the problematic situation. It contains a conclusion that determines and proposes the improvement of the problematic in the career of Languages at the UTM. KEYWORDS: Technology; research; communication; learning; skills.

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Manesis, Nikolaos, Elisavet Vlachou, Georgia Aravantinou, Ioanna Barmbetaki, and Stavroula Kanouri. "The Disadvantages of Distance Education Implementation, During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Greek Teachers’ Opinions." Review of European Studies 14, no. 4 (October 23, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v14n4p15.

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In Greece, as in several countries all over the world, schools were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in the 2019-2020 school year. The Greek Ministry of Education tried to operate online platforms so that students could have access to education. The teachers managed to respond to this challenge using mainly their own resources while most of them had not received any relevant training. A nationwide survey was designed investigating teachers' views on distance learning disadvantages. 515 teachers working in Greek primary education sector - both at kindergartens and primary schools- participated in the research. Their answers show five main disadvantages from the distance learning implementation at school education: (a) deficit in the interaction and communication among students and among the teacher and his/her students, (b) the teaching methods used were mainly teacher-centered despite the prescripts of the National Curriculum, (c) inequalities that arose for specific social groups of students, (d) schools’ deficits in infrastructure and insubstantial teachers’ in-service training regarding I.C.T. use, and (e) teachers’ concern about the protection and the maintenance of students’ personal data. Despite these disadvantages mentioned, teachers do not overlook the fact that the distance education implementation during the Covid-19 pandemic was principally an attempt to psychologically empower students learning.

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Iancu, Mariana. "Assessing the role of new information and communication technologies (I.C.T.) in the potentiation of the didactical methodologies applied in the study of biological disciplines." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 180 (May 2015): 1498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.298.

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Senyefia, Bosson-Amedenu, Acquah Joseph, Eric Justice Eduboah, and Noureddine Ouerfelli. "Novel Modeling of Parameters Related to Intra-Firm Diffusion Innovation." Journal of Mathematics Research 13, no. 6 (October 20, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v13n6p1.

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In this paper, we present a novel intra-firm diffusion model to predict the variation of Penetration Level (PL) with the Intensity of Use (IU) and Speed of Adoption (SA) with respect to information and communication technologies (I.C.T) within Tunisian Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study was motivated by the work of Youssef et al., (2014), and its inspired data scope/range. The method of modeling focuses on optimization and non-linear regression. The first model has the capacity to compute the variation of PL with IU. However, this first model was modified to a second model through transformation in order to derive physical meaning to the parameters. The modified second model shows a quasi-vertical curvature which approximates the reciprocal of hyperbolic tangent. The Variation of PL with the SA was computed using the second model which estimated the parameters with the variables explaining about 62% variation in PL with SA χ2=0.0655, R2=0.61651 . We further formulated a third model to predict correlation of SA with PL, while imposing boundary assumptions to avoid problems of divergence; with the final model having a PL as the only adjustable parameter. The model exhibited a plateau effect at points (0.9933,0.4373) and (0,0) between two steeply vertical asymptotes at -0.06105 and 1.0013, respectively. The developed model can be useful for eliciting information when data from different countries (or surveys) are compared for same or different span time through examining the behavior of the parameters, especially after Covid-19 era.

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KYOSEI, Noriyuki. "917 I.C.T way, typically, Mobile Soft (Application Programs) using to Smart Phone Device contributes as to the most invention to save the resources needing to our life." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2012.18 (2012): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2012.18.337.

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DeGroot, Kemba D., and Marilyn B. Demato. "DEALING WITH I.C.U. SYNDROME." Nursing 17, no. 6 (June 1987): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198706000-00028.

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Hardy, Ian C. W. "Reply from I.C.W. Hardy." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10, no. 9 (September 1995): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)89139-9.

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Frampton, Kenneth. "Nigel Henderson: I.C.A. Gallery." October 136 (May 2011): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00041.

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Tanaka, Kuniaki, Itaru Kato, Miyuki Tanaka, Daisuke Morita, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Katsutsugu Umeda, et al. "Piggybac CD19 CAR T Cells Eradicate CNS Leukemia By Direct Delivery into Cerebral Ventricle of Xenograft Mice Model." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111733.

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Abstract [Introduction] Despite the improvement in the treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a central nervous system (CNS) involvement is still a risk factor for mortality. Moreover, CNS-directed treatments can cause acute and late adverse complications. Therefore, more effective and less toxic treatment strategy for CNS-ALL is needed. Recent clinical trials show that the anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy have an excellent effect against refractory and relapsed ALL. In these trials, some clinical effect of systemic intravenous (i.v.) delivery of CAR-T cells against CNS-ALL were reported and these reports implied clinical possibility and necessity for optimization of CAR-T therapy against CNS-ALL. The superior effect of direct delivery of CAR-T cells into solid tumors has been published, and we and others have shown the feasibility of intrathecal (IT) donor lymphocyte infusion for CNS-ALL without severe adverse events (Yanagisawa et al, IJH 2016). These reports inspired us to apply direct CAR-T cells infusion into CNS as a new therapeutic approach against CNS-ALL. However, as the lethally neurotoxicity has been reported in CAR-T clinical trials, preclinical study is a crucial step for clinical use of IT administration of CD19 CAR-T cells. We have previously reported ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model with CNS infiltration in NOD/SCID/γc Null (NOG) mouse (Kato et al, ASH 2010). With this model, we have revealed the unique characteristics of CNS infiltrated leukemic cells and proposed new strategy targeting the CNS-ALL (Kato et al, Blood, 2018). In this study, we established an isolated CNS-ALL xenograft model with the intra-cerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of ALL cells and tested the feasibility and safety of the i.c.v. delivery of CAR-T cells into this model. [Method] CD19 CAR-T cells were generated with the piggyBac transposon system from isolated PBMCs donated from a healthy volunteer and expanded in the presence of IL-7 and IL-15 (Morita et al, Mol Ther Methdos Clin Dev 2018). SUSR cells, BCR-ABL fusion gene positive pre-B ALL cells, were genetically engineered to express GFP-FFLuc (SUSRGFP/luc). 2×105 SUSRGFP/luc cells were injected by i.c.v. into 8-10 weeks old male NOG mice. Seven days after injection, confirming that SUSRGFP/luc cells were detected by IVIS imaging system only in CNS region, 2×106 piggyBac CD19 CAR-T cells injected by i.c.v. (CAR-T i.c.v.) (n=6), or i.v via tail-vein (CAR-T i.v) (n=5). As control groups, non-transduced T-cells from the same donor (Mock-T i.c.v.) (n=5) or vehicle (Medium i.c.v.) (n=5) were injected by i.c.v. No treatment group (n=4) received no i.c.v. injection. ALL invasion was followed by IVIS imaging. To assess the safety, we serially measured body weight, rectal temperature and scores of clinical symptoms of each mouse every morning after treatment. [Results] All mice in the Medium i.c.v. and no treatment group died by day 45. Both in the CAR-T i.v. and i.c.v. group, all mice were alive at day 45. Regardless of the route of injection, CAR-T administration prolonged the survival period. IVIS imaging revealed that 3/5 mice both in Mock-T i.c.v. and CAR-T i.v group failed to eliminate CNS-ALL at day 40. On the other hand, CAR-T i.c.v. completely eradicated ALL in all mice. Histopathological and flowcytometry analysis at day 4 after treatment also showed decrease of ALL cells and expansion of human CD3 positive T-cells in CAR-T i.c.v. mouse. Regarding clinical symptoms, weight loss, decrease in rectal temperature and elevation of clinical scores were observed only in SUSR transplanted CAR-T i.c.v. group during a few days after treatment. These changes were transient and not fatal. No neurological symptoms were observed in all mice. Histopathological analysis of CNS at day 4 showed slightly thickened epithelium of choroid plexus and edema localized around the lateral ventricle only in CAR-T i.c.v. mouse. Any other abnormalities associated neurotoxicity was not detected. [Discussion] In this preclinical study, we demonstrated that i.c.v. delivery of CD19 CAR-T cells had superior effect to i.v. delivery without any additional side effects. Our data suggests that IT administration of CD19 CAR-T cells would be an effective and feasible therapeutic approach against CNS-ALL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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QUINCEY, CHRISTIAN DE. "I.C.E. World Information, Consciousness, Energy." World Futures 62, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02604020500406271.

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Bolton, Charles. "Neuromuscular function in the I.C.U." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 41, S110 (June 1997): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb05522.x.

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Constant, Hilary, and Doug Probert. "Tidal power—An I.C.E. symposium." Applied Energy 31, no. 4 (January 1988): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(88)90034-7.

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Wells, T., and M. L. Forsling. "κ-Opioid modulation of vasopressin secretion in conscious rats." Journal of Endocrinology 129, no. 3 (June 1991): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1290411.

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ABSTRACT A series of studies has been performed in the conscious rat to investigate the effect of the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the selective κ-opioid receptor agonist, U50 488H, on arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion stimulated by i.c.v. administration of hypertonic NaCl. Similarly, the effect of the i.c.v. administration of morphine and the i.v. administration of naloxone on AVP secretion was investigated. The response of AVP to an i.c.v. injection of hypertonic NaCl was potentiated by naloxone at a dose of 0·4 mg/kg, but a higher dose (1·2 mg/kg) was required to increase the basal plasma concentration of AVP. Prior treatment with U50 488H or morphine attenuated the increase in plasma concentrations of AVP stimulated by i.c.v. injection of hypertonic NaCl from 13·92±4·44 to 1·22±0·34 and 1·78±0·74 pmol/l respectively (n = 7; P<0·05). Prior administration of U50 488H also attenuated the potentiating effect of naloxone on AVP secretion stimulated by i.c.v. injection of hypertonic NaCl. These results indicate that basal AVP secretion is under tonic inhibitory control by dynorphin, and that μ-and κ-opioid receptors mediate an inhibitory influence of endogenous opioids on osmoreceptor-mediated AVP secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 411–416

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Furitatti, Rui S., Airton Rodrigues Pinto Junior, and Paulo R. V. da S. Pereira. "Avaliação de inseticidas no controle de Sitophilus oryzae (LINNAEUS) (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE), e Rhyzopertha dominica (FABRICIUS) (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) em cevada." Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2004): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cienciaanimal.v2i3.15096.

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Foi determinada a eficiência de inseticidas no controle de Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) e Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) em cevada, expondo-os a grãos tratados em laboratório. Cada parcela, a qual foi composta por 1,2 kg de cevada, foi tratada com 5ml da concentração/kg de cevada usando um pulverizador propulsionado a ar. Quinze dias após o tratamento 50g de amostras de grão foram retiradas de cada parcela, colocadas em frascos plásticos dentro dos quais 10 adultos de cada espécie foram liberados. Isto foi repetido a cada 30 dias até os 165 dias após o tratamento. O numero de insetos mortos foi contado 15 dias após cada infestação, sendo as avaliações realizadas aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após a aplicação dos inseticidas. Fenitrotiom (10 g i.a.t-1), deltametrina (0,375 g i.a.t-1) e fenitrotiom + esfenvalerate (7,5 + 0,375; 10 + 0,5 e 12,5 + 0,625 g i.a.t-1) foram efetivos no controle de S. oryzae até 180 dias. Deltametrina (0,375 g i.a.t-1) e fenitrotiom + esfenvalerate (10 + 0,5 e 12,5 + 0,625 g i.a.t-1) foram efetivos no controle de R. dominica até 180 dias. Fenitrotiom + esfenvalerate (7,5 + 0,375 g i.a.t-1) foram efetivos até 120 dias. O uso de misturas de organofosforados mais piretróides foram mais eficazes no controle de S. oryzae e R. dominica quando comparados com estes inseticidas usados individualmente.

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Lea, R. W., and S. Harvey. "Feedback effects of growth hormone on anterior pituitary function in chickens." Journal of Endocrinology 125, no. 3 (June 1990): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1250409.

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ABSTRACT Circulating GH concentrations were suppressed 24 h after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of native or recombinant DNA-derived chicken GH (rcGH) (10 μg in 4 μl vehicle) into the right lateral ventricles of conscious 6-week-old cockerels. Plasma concentrations of LH were suppressed within 1 h of i.c.v. administration of GH at doses of 1 or 10 μg, and remained suppressed for 24 h in birds injected with the highest concentration of GH. In contrast, concentrations of plasma prolactin were increased 24 h after i.c.v. administration of GH (10 μg). The i.v. administration of rcGH (at concentrations of 10 or 100 μg/kg) did not mimic the effects of i.c.v. injection of GH. These results demonstrate central effects of GH on pituitary function in the domestic fowl. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 409–415

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Zarrindast, M. R., H. Niasari, S. Ahmadi, and B. Shafaghi. "N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors are Involved in the Effect of Lithium on Passive Avoidance Memory in Mice." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71083-1.

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In the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and antagonist on the lithium state-dependent memory have been investigated. For memory assessment, one-trial step-down passive avoidance task was used in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of lithium (10 mg/kg) impaired the memory of passive avoidance task. Pre-test administration of the same dose of the drug (10 mg/kg) restored impairment of memory by lithium given after training. This is known as state-dependent memory. In addition, pre-test administration of both NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA; 0.01 and 0.1 ng/mouse, i.c.v.) and the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.1 and 0.5 mg/mouse, i.c.v) also restored impairment of memory induced by post-training lithium. On the other hand, pre-test co-administration of ineffective dose of NMDA (0.001 ng/mouse, i.c.v.) or MK-801 (0.001 mg/mouse, i.c.v) with lower doses of lithium (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the restoration of memory by lithium. The results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved, at least partly, in the lithium state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task.

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Altinbas, Burcin, Bora Burak Topuz, Tuncay İlhan, Mustafa Sertac Yilmaz, Hatice Erdost, and Murat Yalcin. "Activation of the central histaminergic system mediates arachidonic-acid-induced cardiovascular effects." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0043.

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The aim of this study was to explain the involvement of the central histaminergic system in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced cardiovascular effects in normotensive rats using hemodynamic, immunohistochemistry, and microdialysis studies. Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered AA (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μmol) induced dose- and time-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure and decreased heart rate in conscious normotensive Sprague–Dawley rats. Central injection of AA (0.5 μmol) also increased posterior hypothalamic extracellular histamine levels and produced strong COX-1 but not COX-2 immunoreactivity in the posterior hypothalamus of rats. Moreover, the cardiovascular effects and COX-1 immunoreactivity in the posterior hypothalamus induced by AA (0.5 μmol; i.c.v.) were almost completely blocked by the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine (50 and 100 nmol; i.c.v.) and partially blocked by the H1 receptor blocker chlorpheniramine (100 nmol; i.c.v.) and the H3–H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide (50 and 100 nmol; i.c.v.). In conclusion, these results indicate that centrally administered AA induces pressor and bradycardic responses in conscious rats. Moreover, we suggest that AA may activate histaminergic neurons and increase extracellular histamine levels, particularly in the posterior hypothalamus. Acting as a neurotransmitter, histamine is potentially involved in AA-induced cardiovascular effects under normotensive conditions.

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Rothwell, N. J., N. J. Busbridge, R. A. Lefeuvre, A. J. Hardwick, J. Gauldie, and S. J. Hopkins. "Interleukin-6 is a centrally acting endogenous pyrogen in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-219.

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Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of human recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6; 20–100 ng) caused significant increases in colonic temperature and resting oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] in conscious rats. These effects were prevented by pretreatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (flurbiprofen, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or a corticotrophin-releasing factor antagonist (α-helical CRF 9–41, 25 μg, i.c.v.). Higher doses of IL-6 (i.c.v.) caused only small changes in [Formula: see text] and temperature, and very high doses given intravenously (i.v.) (4 μg/kg) were required to stimulate these parameters. Central injection of anti-rat IL-6 antibody inhibited the effects of interleukin-1β (i.c.v.) or endotoxin injection (i.p.) on colonic temperature and [Formula: see text] in conscious rats. These data indicate that IL-6 is an important endogenous pyrogen that acts within the central nervous system.Key words: interleukin 6, fever, thermogenesis, brain, pyrogen.

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Rodrigues, Alex Guazzi, Helton Oliveira Campos, Lucas Rios Drummond, Umeko Marubayashi, and Cândido Celso Coimbra. "Effects of Increased Central Cholinergic Activity on the Metabolic Challenge Induced by Submaximal Exercise in Rats: Adrenomedullary Secretion Influences." Pharmacology 107, no. 1-2 (November 17, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519807.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of adrenomedullary secretion on the plasma glucose, lactate, and free fatty acids (FFAs) during running exercise in rats submitted to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of physostigmine (PHY). PHY i.c.v. was used to activate the central cholinergic system. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into sham-saline (sham-SAL), sham-PHY, adrenal medullectomy-SAL, and ADM-PHY groups. The plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and FFAs were determined immediately before and after i.c.v. injection of 20 μL of SAL or PHY at rest and during running exercise on a treadmill. Results: The i.c.v. injection of PHY at rest increased plasma glucose in the sham group, but not in the ADM group. An increase in plasma glucose, lactate, and FFAs mobilization from adipose tissue was observed during physical exercise in the sham-SAL group; however, the increase in plasma glucose was greater with i.c.v. PHY. Moreover, the hyperglycemia induced by exercise and PHY in the ADM group were blunted by ADM, whereas FFA mobilization was unaffected. Conclusion: These results indicate that there is a dual metabolic control by which activation of the central cholinergic pathway increases plasma glucose but not FFA during rest and exercise, and that this hyperglycemic response is dependent on adrenomedullary secretion.

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Yalcin, Murat. "Central mechanism underlying pressor and bradycardic effect of intracerebroventricularly injected arachidonic acid." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 89, no. 2 (February 2011): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y11-003.

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The aim of the current study was to determine the central cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and central thromboxane signaling in the cardiovascular effects evoked by arachidonic acid (AA). As a main control for the study, different doses of AA (75, 150, or 300 µg) were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Centrally injected AA dose- and time-dependently increased mean arterial pressure and decreased heart rate in conscious normotensive Sprague–Dawley rats. The maximal cardiovascular effects of AA were observed at min 10 of the injection and lasted almost 30 min. To investigate the central mechanism of the AA-induced cardiovascular effect in conscious normotensive animals, pretreatment with nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin (200 µg; i.c.v.), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis inhibitor furegrelate (250 or 500 µg; i.c.v.), or TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ-29548 (8 or 16 µg; i.c.v.) was carried out 15 min before AA (150 µg; i.c.v.) injection. While indomethacin completely prevented the pressor and bradycardic responses to AA, furegrelate and SQ-29548 attenuated these effects in part in awake normotensive rats. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the pressor and bradycardic cardiovascular effects of centrally injected AA are dependent on COX activity being totally central and the TXA2 signaling pathway being subsequently central, at least in part.

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Blair-West, J. R., D. A. Denton, M. J. McKinley, and R. S. Weisinger. "Central infusion of the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan inhibits thirst but not sodium appetite in cattle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): R1940—R1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.6.r1940.

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Experiments in cattle compared the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of losartan and PD-123319 on water intake caused by water restriction, i.c.v. infusion of hypertonic NaCl, or i.c.v. infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II). The effects of these receptor antagonists on sodium intake caused by sodium depletion were also examined. Losartan infusion caused dose-dependent inhibition of the high water intake caused by the physiological stimulus of water restriction or by ANG II infusion but did not affect salt appetite. PD-123319 infused at equimolar or greater (in ANG II experiments) doses did not affect water intake or salt intake due to sodium depletion. The results of these i.c.v. infusion experiments confirm our earlier proposal that the physiological regulation of water intake in cattle may be mediated by ANG II acting centrally via AT1 receptors. The dose of losartan that inhibited thirst in cattle did not inhibit sodium appetite, nor did an equimolar dose of PD-123319.

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Kill, Theodore. "Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Niger) (I.C.J.)." International Legal Materials 52, no. 6 (December 2013): 1215–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.52.6.1215.

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The International Court of Justice delivered its judgment on April 16, 2013, in Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Niger), a case submitted by special agreement or compromis and jointly notified to the Court on July 20, 2010. The judgment was unanimous on all holdings in the operative part or dispositif, but nevertheless included a declaration by Judge Bennouna and separate opinions by Judges Cancado Trindade and Yusuf as well as Judges ad hoc Mahiou and Daudet. The judgment set forth the parameters within which the border between Burkina Faso and Niger will be demarcated and, as such, should contribute to peace and stability in the region. This case is also notable for what was not decided; despite a clause in the compromis requesting the Court to “place on record” the parties’ agreement regarding the border in two sectors, the Court declined to include the agreement in the judgment’s dispositif, finding for the first time that a matter submitted to it did not constitute a dispute.

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Riesenberg, David P. "Maritime Dispute (Peru v. Chile) (I.C.J.)." International Legal Materials 53, no. 3 (June 2014): 425–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.53.3.0425.

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In 2014, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered judgment in a maritime boundary dispute between Peru and Chile (Judgment). The subject of the dispute was an area of maritime space in the Pacific Ocean comprising nearly seventy thousand square kilometers, or roughly “an area the size of Sri Lanka or Georgia.”

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37

Prum, Michel. "Les I.U.T., lieux de recherche... aussi." Recherche et pratiques pédagogiques en langues de spécialité - Cahiers de l'APLIUT 9, no. 1 (1989): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/apliu.1989.2063.

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JESS, LIZABETH WHITNEY. "ASSESSING YOUR PATIENT FOR INCREASED I.C.P." Nursing 17, no. 6 (June 1987): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198706000-00017.

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Baetens, Freya. "Jadhav Case (India v. Pakistan) (I.C.J.)." International Legal Materials 59, no. 2 (April 2020): 187–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2020.12.

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In May 2017, India commenced proceedings before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Pakistan, accusing it of “egregious violations of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations” (VCCR). The dispute concerns the treatment of an Indian national, Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav, who was detained, tried, and sentenced to death by a military court in Pakistan. The Court essentially upheld the claim by its judgment of July 17, 2019.

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KROZEK, CHARLES F. "HELPING STRESSED FAMILIES ON AN I.C.U." Nursing 21, no. 1 (January 1991): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199101000-00019.

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Spadaro, Alessandra. "The Situation in the People's Republic of Bangladesh/Republic of the Union of Myanmar Decision to Authorize Investigation (I.C.C.) and the Gambia V. Myanmar Order for Provisional Measures (I.C.J.)." International Legal Materials 59, no. 4 (August 2020): 616–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2020.28.

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For the first time, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) are dealing concurrently with the same set of events, which concern the violence to which those in the group that self-identifies as the Rohingya have been subjected in Myanmar, and that has prompted their mass exodus to Bangladesh. Before both courts, proceedings are at a preliminary stage.

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42

Choi, Seong-Soo, Eun-Jung Han, Tae-Hee Lee, Ki-Jung Han, Han-Kyu Lee, and Hong-Won Suh. "Antinociceptive Profiles of Platycodin D in the Mouse." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 32, no. 02 (January 2004): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x04001916.

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Platycodin D (PD), one of several triterpene saponins, was isolated from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. We previously reported that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of PD showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick assay. However, its exact role in the regulation of antinociception in the various types of pain models has not yet been characterized. Thus, we attempted to find antinociceptive profiles of PD in various pain models. PD administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), i.c.v. or intrathecally (i.t.) showed antinociceptive effects in dose-dependent manners as measured by the tail-flick, writhing and formalin tests. In the tail-flick test, PD at the low doses reached the peak after 15 minutes and returned to the control level after 60 minutes. However, higher doses of PD showed a strong antinociception at least for 1 hour. PD administered i.t. showed stronger antinociception than that induced by i.c.v. administration PD in both tail-flick and writhing tests. In the formalin test, PD administered i.p., i.c.v. or i.t. showed antinociceptive effects during both the first (direct nociceptive stimulation) and second (late inflammatory) phases. Pretreatment with naltrexone i.p., i.c.v. or i.t. did not affect PD-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response. Our results suggest that PD shows a strong antinociceptive effect on the tail-flick, writhing and formalin tests, acting on central nervous system. However, PD-induced antinociception may not be mediated by the opioid receptors.

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Ahene, C. A., R. W. Lea, and S. Harvey. "Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in anaesthetized chickens: inhibition by GH-releasing factor at central sites." Journal of Endocrinology 128, no. 1 (January 1991): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1280013.

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ABSTRACT Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of GH-releasing factor (GRF) (at 1 or 10 μg) to anaesthetized immature (6- to 8-weeks-old) or adult (> 24-weeks-old) domestic fowl had no effect on basal GH concentrations in peripheral plasma, but suppressed (after 20 min) the acute GH response to exogenous (i.v.) thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1 μg/kg). The i.c.v. injection of GRF also reduced the content of somatostatin (SRIF) and dopamine (DA) in the hypothalamus, while increasing the concentration of the DA metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and the DOPAC/DA ratio. The release of SRIF from hypothalamic tissue was stimulated in vitro by 100 nmol GRF/l. The inhibitory effect of i.c.v. GRF on TRH-induced GH secretion was blocked when it was simultaneously injected i.c.v. with SRIF antiserum. These results demonstrate central effects of GRF on avian hypothalamic function and suggest an inhibitory role for this peptide in GH regulation, possibly mediated through increased SRIF secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 128, 13–19

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Kolesnik, Yu M., A. V. Abramov, A. V. Trailin, and S. D. Trezhetsky. "The effect of chronic administration of neuropeptide Y on the state of B and a-cells of islets of Langerhans in intact and diabetic rats." Problems of Endocrinology 45, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11747.

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The effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the pancreatic endocrine function is studied. NPY was injected to intact and diabetic rats for 10 days intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in a dose of 10 ng or intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a dose of 2.5 pg daily. In intact animals, NPY caused an increase in insulin content in the islets, more pronounced after i.c.v. injection. The content of glucagon in а-cells increased after i.p. injection and decreased after i.c.v. injection. In diabetic animals, NPY inhibited the destruction of P-cells and increased the content of insulin in the islets, which was more pronounced after i.c.v. injection. The count of ck-cells in the islets dropped to the control level, while the level of glucagon remained decreased (more so after p. injection). The content of insulin in the blood increased and level of glycaemia decreased. The effects of NPY upon its peripheral administration may be explained by direct action on aand P-cells and upon central administration by modulation of hypothalamic hormone secretion and function of dorsal component of vagus nerve.

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Kawasaki, Makoto, Tatsushi Onaka, Masamitsu Nakazato, Jun Saito, Takashi Mera, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Hiroaki Fujihara, et al. "Centrally administered neuropeptide W-30 activates magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei with neurosecretion in rats." Journal of Endocrinology 190, no. 2 (August 2006): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06636.

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We examined the effects of i.c.v. administration of neuro-peptide W-30 (NPW30) on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and plasma oxytocin (OXT) using RIA. The induction of c-fos mRNA, AVP heteronuclear (hn)RNA, and c-Fos protein (Fos) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats were also investigated using in situ hybridization histochemistry for c-fos mRNA and AVP hnRNA, and immunohistochemistry for Fos. Both plasma AVP and OXT were significantly increased at 5 and 15 min after i.c.v. administration of NPW30 (2.8 nmol/rat). In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that the induction of c-fos mRNA and AVP hnRNA in the SON and PVN were significantly increased 15, 30, and 60 min after i.c.v. administration of NPW30 (1.4 nmol/rat). Dual immunostaining for Fos/AVP and Fos/OXT revealed that both AVP-like immunoreactive (LI) cells and OXT-LI cells exhibited nuclear Fos-LI in the SON and PVN, 90 min after i.c.v. administration of NPW30 (2.8 nmol/rat). These results suggest that central NPW30 may be involved in the regulation of secretion of AVP and OXT in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the SON and PVN.

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Nakahara, Keiko, Tetsuro Katayama, Keisuke Maruyama, Takanori Ida, Kenji Mori, Mikiya Miyazato, Kenji Kangawa, and Noboru Murakami. "Comparison of feeding suppression by the anorexigenic hormones neuromedin U and neuromedin S in rats." Journal of Endocrinology 207, no. 2 (August 23, 2010): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-10-0081.

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We compared the central mechanisms of feeding suppression by the anorexigenic hormones neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) in rats. I.c.v. injection of either NMU or NMS dose dependently decreased 3-h food intake during the first quarter of a dark period. Pretreatment involving i.c.v. injection of a specific anti-NMS IgG blocked the suppression of food intake induced by i.c.v.- and i.p.-injected leptin, but anti-NMU IgG elicited no blockade. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that i.c.v. injection of NMU or NMS caused a dose-dependent increase in CRH and proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and arcuate nucleus (Arc) respectively. In tissue cultures of the Arc, secretion of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone was stimulated by NMU and NMS, with more potent stimulation by NMS. The time-course curves of the increase in neuronal firing rate in Arc slices in response to NMU and NMS showed almost the same pattern, with a peak 10–15 min after treatment, whereas the time-course curves for the PVN slices differed between NMU and NMS. These results suggest that NMS and NMU may share anorexigenic effects, depending on physiological conditions.

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47

Itoh, Shinji, Goro Katsuura, and Akira Takashima. "Interactions of cholecystokinin, β-endorphin, and their antagonists on passive avoidance behavior in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-357.

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The effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), cholecystokinin tetrapeptide amide (CCK-4), β-endorphin, proglumide, and naloxone on passive avoidance behavior were studied in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c. v.) injection of β-endorphin (1–10 μg) had no significant influence on the latency of the avoidance response in intact rats. Also, β-endorphin (0.05–5 μg, i.c. v.) did not affect the response in rats treated with electroconvulsive shock (ECS). The preventive effect of CCK-8 (0.1–1.0 μg, i.c.v.) on ECS-induced amnesia was partly antagonized by β-endorphin (0.05–10 μg, i.c.v.). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of naloxone (1–10 mg/kg) could not prevent ECS-induced amnesia, but continuous subcutaneous infusion of this drug (2 mg/day, 7 days) completely abolished the amnesia. Naloxone (1 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) also partly antagonized amnesia induced by proglumide (1 and 10 μg, i.c.v.) and prevented it when induced by CCK-4 (5 and 10 μg, i.c.v.). The results indicate the facilitating action of naloxone and the inhibitory effect of β-endorphin on memory, suggesting that the endogenous opiate systems are involved in some way in the memory processes.

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48

Mesbahzadeh, Behzad, Nasroallah Moradi-kor, and Saeid Abbasi-Maleki. "Zinc enhances the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference through dopaminergic and serotonergic systems." Biomolecular Concepts 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2019-0006.

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AbstractThe antidepressant-like effects of zinc (Zn) have been documented in some animal models of depression. In addition, antidepressants may reduce the abuse potential of opioids by affecting their rewarding effect. Hence, this study was performed to investigate the effect of Zn on the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. We used an unbiased CPP paradigm for investigating the effect of Zn. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administrations of Zn (5-20 mg/kg, i.p., and 10 nmol/rat, respectively) with or without morphine did not induce conditioned place aversion (CPA) or CPP during acquisition phase. However, the same i.p. and i.c.v. administrations of Zn induced morphine-like CPP in the expression phase. Pre-treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists (SCH23390, sulpiride, and haloperidol) and serotonin receptor antagonists (WAY100135, ketanserin, and ondansetron) reversed the enhancement effect of Zn on the expression of morphine-induced CPP (especially 20mg/kg, i.p. and 10 nmol/rat, i.c.v.). These findings suggest that acute i.p. and i.c.v administration of Zn might enhance the rewarding properties of morphine through involvement with dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal systems.

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49

Kannurpatti, Sridhar S., and Bharat B. Biswal. "Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter Blockers Influence Activation-Induced CBF Response in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 28, no. 4 (October 31, 2007): 772–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600574.

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Effects of mitochondrial calcium signaling blockade on neural activation-induced CBF response were studied in urethane-anesthetized rats. Ruthenium red (RuR), a nonspecific inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), and Ru360, a highly specific inhibitor of the MCU, were delivered intravenously (i.v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral hyperemic response to whisker stimulation were measured through a thinned skull over the somatosensory cortex using laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Ruthenium red or Ru360 did not alter the baseline CBF at all doses used. However, the hyperemic response, defined as the activation area and amplitude of CBF increase in response to mechanical whisker stimulation, was significantly reduced in the presence of either RuR or Ru360 delivered i.c.v. The hyperemic response reduced significantly with a dose of 14.5 nmol RuR (i.c.v.), showing a further decrease with 29 nmol RuR (i.c.v.). A comparable decrease in the hyperemic response was observed during treatment with a relatively lower dose of 4.5 and 9 nmol Ru360 (i.c.v.). Delivered intravenously, Ru360 significantly diminished the cerebral hyperemic response at doses greater than 80 μg/kg i.v., up to a dose of 320 μg/kg i.v. However, RuR (i.v.) had an opposite effect with an enhancement in the cerebral hyperemic response at all doses studied. Ruthenium red or Ru360 had no significant effect on the cerebral reactivity to hypercapnia, indicating that altered cerebral hyperemic response to whisker stimulation was predominantly neural. We conclude that mitochondrial calcium signaling through the MCU mediates neural activation-induced CBF response in vivo.

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Noguchi, Masamichi, Mitsutoshi Yuzurihara, Yoshio Kase, Toshiyuki Yasui, and Minoru Irahara. "Involvement of Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant in Hypothalamic Thermoregulation of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone." Endocrinology 149, no. 6 (March 6, 2008): 2899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1521.

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We demonstrated in a previous study that serum IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in women with hot flashes than without hot flashes. To clarify the role of IL-8 in the pathoetiology of menopausal hot flashes, we examined the effect of rat cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), a member of the IL-8 family, on thermoregulation using ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of LHRH agonist (LHRHa) as a model of hot flashes. We found that: 1) expression of CINC mRNA was increased around the periventricular area in the hypothalamus at 1 h, and the serum CINC concentration was increased at 2 h after i.c.v. injection of LHRHa; 2) the increase in serum CINC concentration in hypophysectomized rats was significantly lower than that in sham-operated rats; 3) i.c.v. but not iv injection of CINC elevated the rectal temperature of OVX rats; 4) i.c.v. injection of LHRHa into OVX rats produced a rapid rise (maximal increase: 10–25 min) in tail skin temperature, and the elevation was augmented by injection of an anti-CINC antibody; and 5) changes in serum CINC concentration and skin temperature after i.c.v. injection of LHRHa were reversed by replacement of estradiol. In conclusion, the production of CINC in the hypothalamus due to LHRHa injection in OVX rats was increased after elevation of skin temperature, suggesting that CINC plays a key role in the homeostasis of body temperature. Disturbance of the thermoregulatory mechanism involving LHRH and CINC may be related to the pathoetiology of hot flashes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'I.C.T'

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