Relevant bibliographies by topics / I-586

Academic literature on the topic 'I-586'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "I-586"

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Vespoli, Lorenzo. "The Sorrowful Song of Philomela (Aetna 586–587)." Philologus 164, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phil-2020-0117.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on two lines of the poem Aetna that are generally considered to be corrupt (586–587). I suggest two emendations aimed at restoring a reasonable form of the text, consistent with the traditional portrait of the Pandionids. In order to solve the crux it is necessary to restore the two topoi related to the representation of the Pandionids after their metamorphoses: the place where they reside and the mourning song of the nightingale.
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Davies, S. R., K. S. Wood, and M. J. Coe. "HEAO-1 observations of the X-ray pulsar 1E2259 + 586." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 245, no. 2 (July 15, 1990): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/245.2.268.

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Summary We have analysed HEAO-1 scanning observations of the X-ray pulsar 1E2259 + 586, obtaining a pulse period from 1978 January of 6.978586 ± 0.000006 s. This extends the spindown trend seen by later observers to earlier times. No evidence is found for a second derivative to the period. The luminosity and pulse profile we derive are similar to those of subsequent observations, with no evidence for large-scale variability on a time-scale of days or months. We discuss how the conventional picture of the source as an accreting neutron star can be modified to accommodate the very stable spin period derivative, and assess various models for the pulsar’s formation and subsequent evolution.
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Karłowska, Grażyna. "Adam Winiarz, Szkolnictwo Księstwa Warszawskiego i Królestwa Polskiego (1807-1831), Lublin 2002, ss. 586." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 17/18 (February 4, 2019): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2003.17.18.16.

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Van Phan, Nguyen, Phan Kim Phuong, Pham Nguyen Vinh, Dang Thi Bach Yen, Dao Huu Trung, Chu Trong Hiep, Nguyen Thi Quy, Nguyen Tiên Hào, Alain Deloche, and Alain Carpentier. "Mitral Valvuloplasty with Carpentier's Techniques." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 6, no. 3 (September 1998): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849239800600303.

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From January 1992 to January 1997, 586 patients with mitral incompetence were treated by Carpentier's techniques in the Heart Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ages ranged from 6 to 60 years (mean, 26.4 ± 9.9 years) and 124 patients were younger than 15 years of age. Mitral valve incompetence was classified into three types according to leaflet pliability: type I, normal leaflet motion, 7 cases (1.2%); type II, leaflet prolapse, 185 cases (31.6%); type III, restricted leaflet motion, 394 cases (67.2%). Associated tricuspid valvular disease was present in 337 cases (57.5%). Mitral valve prosthetic ring annuloplasty was used in 532 cases (90.8%). The operative mortality rate was 1.9% (11/586). According to the New York Heart Association functional classification, 3.9% (23/586) of the patients were in class I, 52% (305/586) were in class II, 42.3% (248/586) were in class III, and 1.7% (10/586) were in class IV. Mitral valve disease was due to rheumatic fever in 96.7% of the patients. Follow-up data were available in 572 patients from 1 year to 5 years (mean, 38 months). The late mortality rate was 0.7% (4/572). Morbidity comprised endocarditis in 2 patients, one patient had a cerebral hemorrhage, and 16 patients underwent reoperation for recurrent mitral incompetence (incorrect operative indication). There were 2 incidents of thromboembolism. Patient selection was based on valvular disease rather than age, physical condition, or cause of valvular disease. The low mortality and complication rates in this series confirm that mitral valve reconstruction by Carpentier's techniques was appropriate for the patients with mitral incompetence, particularly for children.
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Marzec, Andrzej. "„Proceres et primates Regni Poloniae”. W związku z książką Dariusza Wróbla: Na pierwszym planie. Możni i szlachta polska wobec bezkrólewia po śmierci Ludwika Andegaweńskiego. Lublin, Wydawnictwo UMCS, 2020, ss. 586." Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne 13 (December 3, 2021): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/spip.2021.17.11.

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Ušinskiene, Viktorija. "Tożsamość na styku kultur / Tapatybė kultūrų sankirtoje." Slavistica Vilnensis 57, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2012.2.1222.

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Kandzia, Mateusz. "Antagonizmy jerozolimsko-samarytańskie za czasów Ezdrasza i Nehemiasza." Roczniki Teologiczne 66, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt.2019.66.2-8.

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Historia Samarytan jest ściśle związana z historią Izraelitów. Od samego początku brakowało jedności między plemionami starożytnego Izraela. Po śmierci króla Salomona jego królestwo zostało podzielone na dwa odrębne państwa: Judę na południu i Izrael na północy. W 722/21 roku przed Chrystusem Królestwo Izraela upadło w wyniku inwazji asyryjskiej. Wielu mieszkańców zostało wziętych do niewoli i deportowanych do Asyrii. Na ich miejsce osiedlono ludność m.in. z Mezopotamii. To był początek społeczności samarytańskiej. Następnym ważnym wydarzeniem, które doprowadziło do „schizmy samarytańskiej”, był upadek Królestwa Judy w 587/586 przed Chrystusem. Jego mieszkańcy zostali wzięci do trwającej niemal pięćdziesiąt lat niewoli babilońskiej. Po powrocie do Palestyny Żydzi postanowili odbudować swoją etniczną i religijną społeczność skupioną wokół Świątyni. W prace przy jej odbudowie chcieli włączyć się także Samarytanie, ale ich prośba została odrzucona. Wiele napięć powodował także fakt, że wśród różnych bogów wielbili oni także Boga Jahwe, ale nie w sposób wymagany przez Żydów z Judy. Po odrzuceniu przez Żydów Samarytanie zaczęli ustanawiać własny kult skupiony w pobliżu góry Garizim.
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Kłeczek, Rafał. "PROJEKT UKŁADU ELEKTRONIKI ODCZYTU FRONT-END DO POMIARU CZASU I ENERGII DLA PÓŁPRZEWODNIKOWYCH DETEKTORÓW PASKOWYCH." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 3, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.1472.

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W niniejszym artykule został przedstawiony opis elektroniki front-end do pomiaru czasu interakcji i energii fotonu dedykowanej do odczytu dwustronnych detektorów paskowych, zaimplementowanej w technologii submikronowej UMC 180 nm CMOS. Jednoczesny i dokładny pomiar czasu interakcji oraz energii zdeponowanej w detektorze wymaga zastosowania w torze odczytowym dwóch różnych, równoległych ścieżek przetwarzania sygnału: „szybkiej” i „wolnej”. Parametry zaprojektowanego układu: niskim poziom rozpraszanej mocy P=3,2 mW, niski poziom szumów własnych ENC=586 e- rms (dla „wolnej” ścieżki i Cdet=30 pF), a powierzchnia krzemu zajmowana przez pojedynczy kanał wynosi 50 µm × 1100 µm.
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Kopecky, Maurice. "Svetlana Zasova : Le cadre juridique de l’action des Casques bleus ; Publications de la Sorbonne, 2014 ; 586 pages." Revue Défense Nationale N° 778, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdna.778.0131.

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Williams, KM. "Williams KM. Noninfectious complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2021;2021:578-586." Hematology 2022, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2022e02.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "I-586"

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James, David Michael. "So I Took What I Could Get." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1986. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/586.

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Engström, Annika. "Påverkansprocesser i vuxnas lärande : kritiska händelser i en reflektionsgrupp." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-586.

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Den här studien beskriver kritiska händelser och vad som påverkat läroprocessen i en reflektionsgrupp för ledarstöd, ett samverkansprojekt mellan två olika förvaltningar och landstinget i en medelstor svensk stad. Åtta erfarna chefer från olika arbetsplatser träffades vid sju tillfällen under perioden nov 2004 – juni 2005 under ledning av en processledare. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att ur deltagarperspektiv belysa och analysera processen i kompetensutvecklingsinsatsen och söka svar på vilka brytpunkter deltagarna upplevt i termer av stödjande och hindrande händelser under läroprocessens gång samt vilka effekter av kompetensutvecklingen deltagarna själv ser i sin profession som ledare i den dagliga praktiken.

Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och kritiska-händelse-metoden, CIT (Critical Incident Technique) har använts för att samla in och analysera data. Åtta djupintervjuer med samtliga deltagare och en djupintervju med processledaren har legat till grund för analysen, som resulterade i sju kategorier; Engagemanget och motivationen, Tryggheten, Kommunikationen och interaktionen, Perspektivvidgandet, Samhörighetskänslan, Energitappet och Självkänslan.

Följande slutsatser mynnar i studien ut i en diskussion mot bakgrund av teorier om lärande och då i synnerhet vuxnas lärande;

– Den strategiska styrningen av kompetensutvecklingsprogrammet har öppnat lärandeporten och lagt grunden för deltagarnas motivation

– Det operativa ledarskapet har haft mycket stor betydelse för lärprocessen och skapat förutsättningar för kommunikationen, kunskapsutbytet och därmed kunskapsbildningen.

– De respektfulla relationerna i gruppen har gett en känsla av samhörighet, som i sin tur legat till grund för det viktiga erfarenhetsutbytet i kunskapsbildningen

– Reflektionsgruppen har bidragit till autonomi

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Panas, Simo, and Viktor Evermyr. "Revisionspliktens avskaffande för små bolag : En storm i ett vattenglas?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-586.

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Syftet med vår uppsats är att kartlägga betydelsen av revisionspliktens avskaffande för små bolag utifrån tre intressentgruppers perspektiv. Vi vill bidra till en ökad helhetsförståelse för det samspel som råder mellan bankerna, små bolag och revisionsbyråer i en Boråskontext då vi anser att kvalitativ forskning kring detta samspel idag saknas. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte formulerades tre avgränsande forskningsfrågor.Uppsatsen är kvalitativ med en abduktiv ansats och ett hermeneutiskt tolkningsperspektiv. Empirinsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med små bolag, banker och revisionsbyråer. Det empiriska materialet har satts i relation till de potentiella konsekvenserna av revisionspliktens avskaffande som regeringen angivit. Med hjälp av den vetenskapliga litteraturen har de skillnader och likheter som kunnat observeras problematiserats. Agentteorin, signalteorin och intressentteorin har använts som förklaringar till det problematiseringen resulterade i.Revisionspliktens avskaffande för små bolag har fått de små bolagen att göra mer medvetna val i deras tillvägagångssätt för att uppnå kvalitet på de finansiella rapporterna. Den frivilliga revisionen har fått de små bolagen att bli mer medvetna om vad revision faktiskt innebär samt börjat utforska olika möjligheter till att modifiera eller ersätta den. Det ändrade förhållandet till revisorn samt de små bolagens förmåga att uppnå kvalitet på deras finansiella rapporter har haft en varierande inverkan på hur bankerna ser på de små bolagens finansiella rapporter. Två av bankerna i uppsatsen har valt att lägga mindre fokus på de finansiella rapporterna medan den tredje banken har infört ett revisionskrav. Det kan konstateras att de små bolagen efter revisionspliktens avskaffande förväntar sig rådgivning i större utsträckning från deras revisorer vilket revisionsbyråerna har anpassat sig efter genom att tillämpa olika strategier.
This essay analyzes the significance of the repeal of mandatory audits from three perspectives. We hope to improve understanding of the relationships among banks, small companies and auditing firms in Borås, Sweden. We believe that there is a lack of research of this issue to address the purpose of the thesis. Three questions were formulated.The thesis was conducted by using a qualitative research method with an abductive approach and a hermeneutic perspective for interpretation. The empirical data collection was made through semi-structured interviews with small companies, banks and auditing firms. The empirical data is compared with the potential consequences of the repeal of the mandatory audit stated by the government. By using scientific literature the differences and similarities were identified and analyzed. Agency theory, signaling theory and the stakeholder theory were used as explanations for the similarities and differences that were revealed.The repeal of the mandatory audit has led to small companies making more conscious decisions regarding achieving financial statements with high quality. The repeal made small companies more aware of what an audit actually means and made them think about its’ actual use. This has also led them to explore options such as doing without audits or changing the auditors work assignment. The changing relationship between the auditors and the small companies as well as the small companies methods of achieving financial statements with high quality has had a varying effect on the banks. Two of the banks in our thesis have chosen to focus on the loan’s purpose as well as the person seeking to borrow money while the third bank has introduced an audit requirement. One of the conclusions in our thesis is that small companies after the repeal of the audit to a greater extent expect counseling from their auditors. The auditing firms presented three different strategies for how they were adapting to this new demand. The language in the thesis is in Swedish
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Ekberg, Sofie, Maria Lundblad, and Frida Lundin. "Uppfattningar om den kvinnliga ledarskapssituationen i idrottsföreningar - Detta utifrån styrelseledarmöter och kvinnliga tränare." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-586.

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Inom idrotten är kvinnor på ledarbefattningar underrepresenterade. Syftet

med studien var att belysa situationen för kvinnliga tränare i idrottsföreningar, utifrån de uppfattningar tränarna själva såväl som idrottsföreningarnas styrelseledamöter hade. Urvalet bestod av fyra idrottsföreningar vilka valdes utifrån vissa uppsatta kriterier. Varje

idrottsförening representerades dels av styrelseledamöter dels av två kvinnliga tränare. Undersökningen gjordes utifrån en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer användes för att samla in materialet. Två olika semistrukturerade intervjuguider konstruerades och användes vid

intervjutillfällena, en för de kvinnliga tränarna och en för styrelseledamöterna. Det resultat som framkom var att traditionella uppfattningar om manligt och kvinnligt fortfarande lever kvar vilket påverkar den kvinnliga ledarskapssituationen. Det framkom även skillnader i uppfattningar mellan styrelseledamöterna och de kvinnliga tränarna om vikten av stöd i form

av mentorskap. Goda utbildningsmöjligheter gavs i idrottsföreningarna och de kvinnliga

tränarna utnyttjade dessa.

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Berglund, Ulrika. "Patienten i "reumateamet" : -en intervjustudie om patientens upplevelse av vårdrelation och delaktighet inom "reumateamet"." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-586.

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To reach health and wellbeing, despite a disease as rheumatoid arthritis, the patient needs help to manage and cope with his situation. The caregiver’s task is to give this support. The aim of this study was to illuminate how patients with rheumatoid arthritis experienced the relationship to the caregivers in the “rheumatic-team”, and the participation in this team. The aim was also to describe conditions and obstacles that had a special role for the creating of the care-relation and the participation in this care-context. A life-world-phenomenological approach was used. Seven patients have been interviewed about their experience of the relationship and their participation. The result shows that the patients wish that the relationship is natural, friendly and regular. It also shows both existence and lack of participation. A condition for participation and a good care-relation is for example to be seen as a unique individual and that the caregivers treat them calmly, thoughtfully and easy. A straight communication that gives the patients a chance to speak is central. Are these conditions not fulfilled, it will create feelings of frustration and disappointment with the patient. The empiric part has been discussed and explained with the help of the philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas’ ethic theory.


För att en patient ska nå hälsa och välbefinnande trots en sjukdom som reumatoid artrit, krävs det att patienten får hjälp och stöd att hantera och klara av sin situation. Vårdarnas uppgift är att ge denna support. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur patienter med reumatoid artrit erfor relationen till vårdarna i "reumateamet", samt hur de upplevde sin delaktighet inom detta ”team”. Syftet inbegrep också att kunna beskriva förutsättningar och hinder som var av särskild betydelse för skapandet av vårdrelationen och delaktigheten inom denna vårdkontext. Ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt närmelsesätt användes. Sju patienter har intervjuats om sina upplevelser gällande vårdrelation och delaktighet. Resultatet visar att patienterna önskar en naturlig, vänskapslik och kontinuerlig relation till vårdarna. Det visar även att delaktighet finns men också saknas. Förutsättningarna för delaktighet och en god vårdrelation är exempelvis att vårdarna ser patienterna som unika individer och bemöter dem lugnt, vänligt, enkelt, omtänksamt och lättsamt. Tydlig och rak kommunikation där patienten får chans att prata är centralt. Uppfylls inte dessa förutsättningar, skapas hos patienten känslan av att vara i vägen, vilket föder frustration och besvikelse. Den empiriska delen har också diskuterats, förklarats och fördjupats utifrån filosofen Emmanuel Lévinas etiska teori.

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Eriksson, Emilia. "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Klarinettkvintett K. 581 : Analys och instudering med basettklarinetten i fokus." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4066.

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Uppsatsen handlar om W.A. Mozarts Klarinettkvintett i A-dur, K. 581. Arbetet innehåller en musikteoretisk analys av verkets första sats, samt egna erfarenheter från instuderingsprocessen. Viktiga aspekter är arbetet tillsammans med en stråkkvartett, hur det som blåsare är att arbeta med stråkar samt att finna sin plats i en så etablerad kammarmusikkonstellation som en stråkkvartett är. Arbetet fokuserar till stor del på basettklarinetten. En historisk bakgrund för tiden kring basettklarinettens uppkomst, användning, varför ingen annan än Mozart skrivit för instrumentet och hur det skiljer sig att spela kvintetten på A-klarinett och basettklarinett ingår.
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Gaya, i. Bellés Ester. "Revisió morfològica i molecular dels tàxons lobulats del gènere "Caloplaca" ("Teloschistaceae", líquens), amb especial èmfasi en el grup de "C. saxicola"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/943.

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Les Teloschistaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, líquens) són una família àmpliament distribuïda, amb una considerable heterogeneïtat morfològica i ecològica entre gèneres i grups d'espècies. En aquesta família, el gènere Caloplaca, es troba entre els més mal coneguts taxonòmicament parlant, i pot ser considerat com un dels més complexos i diversificats d'entre els líquens crustacis. La seva delimitació ha estat especialment problemàtica per la gran semblança existent entre les espècies lobulades de Caloplaca, i les d'altres gèneres de la família, com Xanthoria o Fulgensia. D'entre les espècies lobulades de Caloplaca, el grup de C. Saxicola ha resultat ser un dels més controvertits a nivell taxonòmic. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi ha estat realitzar la revisió taxonòmica i morfològica d'aquest grup, així com l'anàlisi filogenètica en seqüències de l'espaiador intern transcrit (ITS) del DNA ribosòmic del nucli.
Com a resultat d'aquesta revisió, podem afirmar que els següents tàxons pertanyen al grup de C. saxicola: C. Arnoldii (Wedd.) Zahlbr.; C. Biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner; C. Clauzadeana Gaya, Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux; C. Decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell, C. Nana Gaya & Nav.-Ros.; C. Pseudofulgensia Gaya & Nav.-Ros.; C. Pusilla (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.; C. Rouxii Gaya, Nav.-Ros. & Llimona; C. Saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin; C. schistidii (Anzi) Zahlbr. i C. tegularis sensu auct. Per altra banda, C. cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr.; C. saxicola ssp. laceratula (Arnold ex Poelt) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; C. obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell i C. proteus Poelt han estat excloses d'aquest grup. En aquest estudi, s'han descrit també tres espècies noves: C. clauzadeana Gaya, Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux, C. nana Gaya & Nav.-Ros. and C. pseudofulgensia Gaya & Nav.-Ros.; i s'ha proposat un nom nou: C. rouxii Gaya, Nav.-Ros. & Llimona [= C. saxicola ssp. miniata (Hoffm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux].
Tant a partir de la filogènia basada en dades d'ITS, com de la combinada amb caràcters morfològics i anatòmics, s'ha confirmat que, segons el concepte adoptat per nosaltres, el grup de C. saxicola és monofilètic. Així mateix, diverses de les espècies fins ara acceptades en aquest grup de Caloplaca han estat associades a valors de recolzament alts.
Finalment, s'ha volgut confirmar la hipòtesi que considerava que les espècies lobulades de Caloplaca formen un grup monofilètic dins d'un mostreig taxonòmic més ampli de Teloschistaceae, en el que s'han inclòs tàxons que representen tots els grups d'espècies de Caloplaca. Amb aquest objectiu s'han realitzat anàlisis filogenètiques en seqüències d'ITS de 121 individus. Les relacions filogenètiques s'han examinat utilitzant les anàlisis de màxima parsimònia (MP) i inferència bayesiana (B) com a criteris d'optimització. Les diverses anàlisis realitzades no han permès provar amb bona confiança el monofiletisme de la família Teloschistaceae. No obstant això, el nostre estudi ha confirmat el polifiletisme de Caloplaca, Fulgensia, Teloschistes i Xanthoria. També s'ha pogut confirmar que les espècies tradicionalment incloses a Caloplaca subgènere Gasparrinia no formen una entitat monofilètica. C. aurantia, C. carphinea i C. saxicola s.str. són els únics grups que s'han recuperat monofilètics. Les nostres anàlisis també han posat en evidència que el gènere Letrouitia (Letrouitiaceae) pertany a les Teloschistaceae. En aquest estudi, la inclusió de senyal filogènetic a partir de les regions aliniades ambiguament a màxima parsimònia (caràcters INAASE i ARC recodificats) ha donat lloc a la millor reconstrucció filogenètica. Aquests caràcters han demostrat ser útils en filogènies a gran escala com la de les Teloschistaceae. Malgrat tot, amb un mostreig exhaustiu com el nostre, la incorporació d'aquests caràcters no ha resultat suficient per obtenir una resolució completa de les relacions filogenètiques. Per aquest motiu, en futurs estudis serà necessària la combinació de dades ITS amb les d'altres locus, i també l'addició de caràcters morfòlogics.
Teloschistaceae (Lecanoromycetes, lichen-forming Ascomycota) is a widespread family with considerable morphological and ecological heterogeneity across genera and species groups. In this family, the lichen genus Caloplaca is among the least known taxonomically. The poor understanding of its species has often led to being overlooked, although it can be considered as one of the most diversified genus among the crustose lichens.
Moreover, the delimitation of this genus has been always problematic due mostly to the strong similarity between lobed species of Caloplaca and species of other genera within Teloschistaceae, such as Xanthoria or Fulgensia. Among all lobed Caloplaca species, the Saxicola group has been the most controversial taxonomically.
To provide a comprehensive and more natural classification of this group of lobed Caloplaca, we report here results from a taxonomical and morphological revision, and phylogenetic analyses that were carried out on sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS).
Based on this ITS phylogeny, together with the morphological and anatomical characters, some of the so far accepted species of this group of Caloplaca were associated with high support values. The same was true for potentially new cryptic species with elusive diagnostic morphological and anatomical characters.
Finally, we tested the hypothesis that the lobed Caloplaca species form a monophyletic group within a broader taxon sampling of the Teloschistaceae, including taxa representing all species groups of Caloplaca. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on sequences from ITS region obtained from 121 individuals. The various analyses carried out did not allow us to prove with high confidence the monophyly of the family Teloschistaceae. However, our study confirmed the polyphyly of Caloplaca, Fulgensia and Xanthoria, and revealed that genus Teloschistes is also nonmonophyletic. We also confirmed here that lobed Caloplaca species do not form a monophyletic entity. C. aurantia, C. carphinea and C. saxicola s.str. groups were the only ones recovered as monophyletic.
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Llop, Vallverdú Esteve. "La familia "Bacidiaceae" (Lecanorales) a la Península Ibèrica i les Illes Balears. Els gèneres "Bacidia" i "Bacidina"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/936.

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La circumscripció de la família Bacidiaceae es troba caracteritzada per la presència de tàxons amb tal·lus crustacis, apotecis majoritàriament biatorins, presència d'un exciple desenvolupat, ascs del tipus Bacidia i ascòspores hialines, d'el·lipsoïdals a aciculars, des d'unicel·lulars a septades transversalment. Conjuntament amb la delimitació de la família es presenta la circumscripció dels diferents gèneres inclosos en ella i que es troben presents a l'àrea d'estudi, com també s'indiquen els caràcters que els diferencien. S'adjunta una clau pels gèneres ibèrics de Bacidiaceae.
La segona part del treball es centra en la circumscripció dels gèneres Bacidia i Bacidina a la Península Ibèrica i les Illes Balears, així com la revisió taxonòmica de les espècies que es troben presents. La diferenciació entre els dos gèneres rauen en l'estructura de l'aparell apical de l'asc, l'anatomia de l'exciple, l'anatomia interna del tal·lus i la morfologia de les ascòspores. S'aporta una clau per a la determinació de les espècies de cada gènere.
El gènere Bacidia es troba representat per 21 espècies a l'àrea d'estudi. Les diferents espècies es caracteritzen en base a la morfologia de les ascòspores. De les espècies presents, una nova espècie ha estat descrita : B. parathalassica. La presència de dues espècies, citades amb anterioritat, sembla ésser dubtosa a la Península Ibèrica: B. biatorina i B. millegrana. Tres espècies que havien estat citades han d'ésser considerades combinacions no vàlides: B. microbola, B. minutissima i B. symmictoides. Per altra banda, B. balearica ha resultat ésser un sinònim de Schismatomma picconianum.
El gènere Bacidina es troba representat per 11 espècies a la Península Ibèrica i les Illes Balears. Els caràcters que permeten diferenciar les espècies són la coloració dels apotecis, la seva morfologia, la coloració i les cèl·lules terminals de l'exciple, les pigmentacions i reaccions dels pigments de l'epiteci i de l'hipoteci. De les espècies presents a l'àrea, B. caligans és una nova combinació. De les restants espècies citades, B. assulata és dubtosa la seva pertinença al gènere al presentar caràcters tant de Bacidina com de Bacidia.
Una espècie de Bacidina és reportada per primera vegada per Europa, una espècie de Bacidia és citada vàlidament per primera vegada per la Península Ibèrica; i tres espècies (dues pertanyents a Bacidia i una a Bacidina) ho són per Portugal. A més s'amplia l'àrea de distribució dins de la Península Ibèrica de 12 espècies de Bacidia i 5 espècies de Bacidina.
L'anàlisi cladística de les espècies ibèriques de Bacidia i Bacidina, a partir de caràcters morfològics, ens permet diferenciar tres grups a Bacidia, les espècies que els integren comparteixen la morfologia de les ascòspores i les pigmentacions i reaccions dels apotecis; en canvi les espècies de Bacidina integrarien un grup natural força homogeni.
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Casanova, Fernández Eva. "Organogènesi adventícia i nivells d'àcid indol-3-acètic i citocinines endògens en explants de pètals i fulles de clavell ("Dianthus" L.) cultivats "in vitro"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/938.

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En aquesta tesi s'ha estudiat el procés d'organogènesi adventícia de brots i rels en el clavell.
D'una banda s'ha demostrat l'efecte de genotip en aquest procés, tot sent el cultivar White Sim el més regeneratiu. Prèviament s'havien estudiat les relacions genètiques entre els vuit cultivars de clavell estudiats, mitjançant anàlisis RAPDs. També s'ha trobat un efecte de l'explant en aquest procés morfogènic, tot sent les fulles lleugerament més regeneratives que els pètals. I també un efecte del tipus, balanç i concentració dels reguladors del creixement exògens (l'auxina NAA i les citocinines BA i TDZ). Cal destacar el gran efecte morfogènic del thidiazuron (TDZ), comparat amb la benziladenina (BA), i la sinèrgia trobada entre el TDZ i l'àcid naftalenacètic (NAA) en la regeneració de brots. El TDZ ha tingut un efecte organogènic tant directe, com indirecte a través de promoure un increment en determinades citocinines endògenes. Aquestes s'han trobat localitzades (mitjançant la tècnica de la immunolocalització) en els meristemes apicals dels primordis caulinars adventicis en formació.
La concentració d'agar del medi i la humitat relativa del cultiu han influït també en la capacitat organogènica dels explants estudiats i en el grau d'hiperhidricitat dels brots regenerats.
La presència del gen rolC d'Agrobacterium rhizogenes en plantes de clavell ha incrementat la capacitat organogènica, tant de brots com de rels, dels explants de clavell, mostrant un efecte similar al de les citocinines i al de les auxines, respectivament. Quantificacions de citocinines endògenes en les diferents línies estudiades han demostrat que les fulles transgèniques presenten nivells més elevats de citocinines tipus zeatina que les fulles control, mentre que els pètals transgènics tenen més concentració de citocinines tipus isopenteniladenina (iP). La concentració d'iP ens els pètals de les diferents línies transgèniques estudiades s'ha correlacionat amb la capacitat de regeneració dels pètals. D'altra banda, donat que els nivells d'auxines de les plantes rolC són similars als de les plantes no transgèniques, l'efecte d'auxina del gen rolC s'explicaria per un increment de la sensibilitat a las auxines.
Finalment, l'estudi de la influència dels gens rol d'Agrobacterium rhizogenes en plantes ornamentals amb flor ha mostrat que el fenotip obtingut pot ser de gran interès comercial, donat que promouen hàbits de creixement compactes, una major ramificació lateral, millor arrelament i un increment en la floració, la qual, en alguns casos, pot fins i tot avançar-se. La disminució de la fertilitat masculina, obtinguda en la major part de transformacions, seria pràcticament l'única característica negativa. D'entre els gens rol, el rolC seria el més recomanable, donat que els seus efectes són els més avantatjosos pel que fa a la millora de trets ornamentals i horticulturals.
In this thesis we have studied the adventitious organogenesis of shoots and roots in carnation.
On one hand, we have found an effect of the genotype in this process, the White Sim cultivar being the most regenerative among the studied cultivars. Previously, we analyzed the genetic relatedness among the eight carnation cultivars. We have also found an effect of the explant in this morphogenic process: leaves were found to be more regenerative than petals. And finally, we have shown an effect of the type, balance and concentration of exogenous plant growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins). It is worth noting the great morphogenic effect of thidiazuron (TDZ), compared with benzyladenine, and the synergy found with TDZ acting together with naphthaleneacetic acid in the adventitious shoot regeneration. TDZ showed a direct effect on the shoot organogenesis, but also an indirect effect by promoting an increase in specific endogenous cytokinins. The cytokinins have been located in the apical meristems of the adventitious shoot primordia formed on the petal surface.
The agar concentration of the media and the relative humidity of the culture atmosphere have also influenced the organogenic capacity of the studied explants and the hyperhydricity of the regenerated shoots.
The introduction of the rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in carnation plants have improved both shoot and root organogenesis of the explants, thus showing a cytokinin-like but also an auxin-like activity. By quantifying the endogenous cytokinins, rolC-transgenic leaves have been found to have higher levels of zeatin-type cytokinins, whereas rolC-transgenic petals have shown higher levels of isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins. On the other hand, since auxin levels of rolC-transgenic plants have not differed from those of non-transgenic plants, the auxin-like effect of the rolC gene could be explained by an increase in auxin sensitivity in transgenic tissues.
Finally, the study of the influence of rol genes in floriculture have shown that the obtained phenotype by transforming ornamental flowering plants with rol genes can be commercially desirable, since these genes promote dwarf and bushy phenotypes, promote better rooting and improve flowering, both by increasing the number of flowers and advancing the flowering time. Among rol genes, the rolC gene is the most recommendable.
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Seguí, Borrell José. "Regulació postraduccional per SUMO i la seva funció en respostes a estrés a "Arabidopsis thaliana"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1025.

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L'activació de SUMO està catalitzada per l'heterodímer SAE2/SAE1 en una reacció depenent d'ATP. La subunitat SAE2 està organitzada en tres dominis funcionals: el domini d'adenilació, on SUMO és adenilat, el domini Cys que conté la cisteïna catalítica involucrada en la formació del tioéster amb l'extrem C-terminal de SUMO, i el domini UBL que s'ha descrit el seu paper en el reclutament de E2 per E1. La subunitat petita SAE1 presenta una contribució menor a la formació del domini d'adenilació i aparentment no estableix contacte amb SUMO. Arabidopsis expressa dues isoformes de SAE1, SAE1a i SAE1b i en aquesta tesi s'ha estudiat la rellevància biològica d'aquestes. Els nostres resultats indiquen que AtSAE1a és més estable que AtSAE1b tan in vitro com in vivo, i la taxa de conjugació de SUMO és depenent de la isoforma AtSAE1 present en la barreja de reacció, suggerint que l'activació de SUMO pot ser regulada pels nivells relatius de les isoformes de AtSAE1 presents in vivo. Per altra banda, s'ha descrit la capacitat de SUMO per interaccionar de manera no covalent amb el seu corresponent E2. Els determinants estructurals responsables d'aquesta interacció estan conservats a humans i llevat, suggerint que és un mecanisme conservat. A Arabidopsis s'ha detectat expressió de 5 isoformes de SUMO (AtSUMO1, 2, 3 i 5), de les quals només AtSUMO1 i 2 són capaços d'establir aquestes interaccions no covalents amb E2. Posteriorment, s'ha avaluat si aquestes diferències comporten una conseqüència a l'hora de ser conjugades a un substrat in vitro. Com a molècula acceptora de SUMO s'ha utilitzat el domini C-terminal de la catalasa 3 d'Arabidopsis. S'ha observat que AtSUMO1, 2 i 3 són capaços de ser conjugats al substrat, tot i que AtSUMO3 es conjugat d'una manera més ineficient, amb una taxa fins a quatre vegades inferior que AtSUMO1 i 2. En canvi, AtSUMO5 no es conjugat en nivells que es puguin detectar en cap de les situacions estudiades. Paral·lelament, durant aquesta tesi s'ha descrit que el domini AtE1 UBL disminueix l'eficiència de la conjugació de SUMO in vitro. S'han generat plantes transgèniques que expressen el domini AtE1 UBL i s'ha observat que l'expressió d'aquest domini in vivo provoca un fenotip de nanisme i floració primerenca. A més, en situacions d'estrès, aquestes plantes són incapaces d'acumular el mateix nivell de conjugats de SUMO que plantes silvestres.
Amb tots aquests anàlisis es dedueix que la maquinària de sumoilació a Arabidopsis presenta una gran complexitat en quant a nombre de components, entre els quals podria existir una especificitat de funció. A més, la sumoilació es un procés essencial i està regulant processos tan importants com la floració, el creixement i el desenvolupament de les plantes.
SUMO activation is catalyzed by the heterodimer SAE2/SAE1 in an ATP-dependent reaction. The SAE2 subunit is organized into three functional domains: the adenylation domain, where SUMO is adenylated, the Cys domain containing the catalytic cysteine involved in the thioester formation with SUMO Ct, and the UBL domain which has been involved in E2 recruitment. To E1. The small subunit SAE1 has a minor contribution to the adenylation domain formation and apparently it does not establish direct contacts with SUMO. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis expresses two SAE1 isoforms, AtSAE1a and AtSAE1b and we have investigated the biological relevance of this. Our results indicate that AtSAE1a is more stable than AtSAE1b both in vivo and in vitro, and that SUMO conjugation rate is dependent on the AtSAE1 isoform present in the reaction mixture, suggesting that SUMO activation could be regulated by the relative levels of AtSAE1 isoforms present in vivo. Together, our results suggest that SUMO activation could be a rate limiting step in the conjugation cascade in vivo.
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Books on the topic "I-586"

1

Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. I-551 or I-586 card data collection manual M-226. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization, Service, 1987.

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Bianchi, Francesco. "I superstiti della deportazione sono là nella provincia" (Neemia 1,3): 2. ricerche storico-bibliche sulla Giudea in età neobabilonese e achemenide (586 a.C.-442 a.C.). Napoli: Istituto universitario orientale, 1995.

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Bianchi, Francesco. "I superstiti della deportazione sono là nella provincia" (Neemia 1,3): Ricerche epigrafiche sulla storia della Giudea in età neobabilonese e achemenide (586 a.C.-442 a.C.). Napoli: Istituto universitario orientale, 1993.

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Josephus, Flavius. Iudeĭskai︠a︡ voĭna. Moskva: "Gesharim", 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "I-586"

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Wang, Rong Guang, Mitsuo Kido, and Yoshiko Shinhara. "Nondestructive Detection of Crack and Delamination of Ceramics Coating on SUS304 Stainless Steel Using ESPI Method." In Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation I, 586–89. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-412-x.586.

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Jain, M., and A. Gupta. "58 Diamagnetic susceptibility of the ion I+5." In Diamagnetic Susceptibility and Anisotropy of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds, 3180. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44694-1_3129.

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Braden, Jutta. "Pawel Zarychta: Selbstinszenierung und Gedächtnisbildung. Rosa Maria Assing in Briefen und Lebenszeugnissen aus der Sammlung Varnhagen. Edition und Kommentar. Teil I: 1783–1823. Teil II: 1823–1840 Berlin u. a.: Peter Lang 2021 (Perspektiven der Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft; Bd. 5, 6). 454, 586 S. Je Band € 59,95." In Heine-Jahrbuch 2022, 277–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66144-4_19.

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Edwards, Philip. "Mid-Tudor Turbulence, 1547–58: Edward VI and Mary I." In The Making of the Modern English State, 1460–1660, 171–202. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-99383-5_6.

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Loomba, Ania, and Jonathan Burton. "Queen Mary I (1516–58) and King Philip (1527–98)." In Race in Early Modern England, 81–82. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607330_21.

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Allzén, Simon. "Extragalactic Reality Revisited: Astrophysics and Entity Realism." In Synthese Library, 277–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26618-8_15.

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AbstractAstrophysics is a scientific field with a rich ontology of individual processes and general phenomena that occur in our universe. Despite its central role in our understanding of the physics of the universe, astrophysics has largely been ignored in the debate on scientific realism. As a notable exception, Hacking (Philos Sci 56(4):555–581, 1989) argues that the lack of experiments in astrophysics forces us to be anti-realist with respect to the entities which astrophysics claim inhabit the universe. In this paper, I investigate the viability of astrophysical realism about black holes, given other formulations of entity realism, specifically Cartwright’s (How the Laws of Physics Lie. Oxford University Press, 1983), and Chakravartty’s (A Metaphysics for Scientific Realism: Knowing the Unobervable. Cambridge University Press, 2007) versions of entity realism. I argue that on these accounts of entity realism, you cannot be a realist with respect to black holes, and likewise, if you want to be a realist about black holes, you cannot be an entity realist of these particular strands.
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May, Geoff, and Eric M. Hernandez. "Vibration Monitoring and Load Distribution Characterization of I-89 Bridge 58-N." In Topics in Dynamics of Bridges, Volume 3, 111–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6519-5_12.

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Ryan, James A., and Paul E. Di Cesare. "I Have a 58-Year-Old Female Alcoholic Patient Who Fell and has a Femoral Neck Fracture. What Surgical Approach Should I Use to Treat this Fracture, and What Component Should I Use?" In Curbside Consultation in Hip Arthroplasty, 19–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003523550-6.

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Poulle, Bruno. "La nouvelle Énéide d’Ovide dans les Fastes (I, 461-586)." In L’intertextualité, 65–72. Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pufc.4512.

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Jahn, R., and T. C. Südhof. "Synapsin protein family." In Secretory Pathway, 207–8. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599425.003.0126.

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Abstract Synapsin I and synapsin II are the products of two different genes, with the a and b forms resulting from alternative splicing4 (GenBank accession numbers la: M27812, lb: M27924, Ila: M27925, and lib: M27926). They generate proteins of 704, 668, 586 and 479 amino acids for rat synapsin la, lb, Ila and lib, respectively. Sequence comparison of the four synapsins revealed a characteristic structure consisting of a mosaic of common and individual domains. All four proteins share a large homologous N-terminal globular domain that can be divided into three subdomains. The most N-terminal subdomain is short and contains a phosphorylation site common to all synapsins.
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Conference papers on the topic "I-586"

1

"Zakonomernosti khimicheskikh prevrashcheniy serosoderzhashchikh komponentov vakuumnogo distillyata v kombinirovannom termookislitelnom protsesse pererabotki." In Perspektivnye materialy s ierarkhicheskoy strukturoy dlya novykh tekhnologiy i nadezhnykh konstruktsiy, Khimiya nefti i gaza. Tomsk State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946217408/586.

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Yu, X., S. Bekele Mengistu, H. A. Mulder, A. P. Palstra, J. A. H. Benzie, T. Quoc Trinh, M. A. M. Groenen, H. Komen, and H. J. Megens. "580. QTLs controlling swimming performance and their effect on growth in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_580.

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Walker, Russell, and Gunars Spons. "Locomotive Crashworthiness Testing at the Transportation Technology Center." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55117.

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Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), has conducted three full-scale locomotive crashworthiness tests on behalf of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) at the FRA’s Transportation Technology Center (TTC), Pueblo Colorado. This paper describes the second and third Phase I tests. The previous test involved a locomotive striking a standing string of hopper cars. The second full-scale locomotive impact test was performed September 10, 2002. The test involved one SD-45 locomotive, modified to meet AAR Specification S-580, and three trailing loaded hopper cars impacting a stationary log truck at a grade crossing at 50.4 mph. A third full-scale impact test, conducted December 18, 2002, involved a locomotive impacting a highway truck loaded with two steel coils on a grade crossing at approximately 58 mph. The rearmost steel coil was aligned with the right side collision post of the locomotive. An anthropomorphic test device (ATD, or test dummy) was placed seated on the floor in the nose of the locomotive, facing rearward with its back against the interior door.
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Kolosova, E. V., and Elena Moliboga. "RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FROZEN BIODESERT TECHNOLOGY WITH A GIVEN COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-58.

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The foundations of the state policy in the field of healthy nutrition and the policy of producers of healthy food products are the preservation and strengthening of public health, prevention of diseases associated with malnutrition of children and adults. The creation of safe and high-quality food products that improve the nutritional status of the population is an urgent task of the food industry. One of the key directions of its solution is connected with the development and introduction of various types of functional food products into the nutrition structure of the Russian population. The priority direction in the production of ice cream is the production of functional products, using food components and biologically active additives, not only contributing to an increase in the nutritional value of products, but also allowing them to give it the desired therapeutic and preventive properties.
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Bajwa, Christopher S., Earl P. Easton, and Darrell S. Dunn. "Severe Transportation Accidents: Impacts of Severe Fires on Radioactive Material Transportation." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77790.

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In 2007, a severe transportation accident occurred in Oakland, California in what is commonly known as the “MacArthur Maze” section of Interstate 580 (I-580). The accident involved a tractor trailer carrying gasoline that impacted an overpass support column and burst into flames. The subsequent fire burned for over 2 hours and led to the collapse of the overpass due to the loss of strength in the structural steel that supported the overpass. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) studied this accident to examine any potential regulatory implications related to the safe transport of radioactive materials, including spent nuclear fuel. This paper will discuss the details of the NRC’s MacArthur Maze fire investigation.
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Zimmerling, Anton. "Historical Text Corpora and the Conclusiveness of Linguistic Analysis." In Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-586-593.

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I discuss the methodology and conclusiveness of the corpus-based historical linguistics and analyze two formal models predicting the language-internal variation in Early Old Russian syntax. Linguistic models claiming a rigid distribution of grammatical features like ± overt realization of agreement markers activate hidden corpus characteristics such as profiles of text genres, chronology, vector of change, ± impact of L2, ± presence of supra-dialect features. In this case they can be valued and checked on text samples, where genre features are stable, while location and time vary.
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Gordon, Jeff, Srini Swamy, Sabri Cakdi, Matthew Radovich, Anand Prabhakaran, and Som P. Singh. "Improving Collision Post Crashworthiness of Legacy Locomotives." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6201.

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Modern freight locomotives are built to crashworthiness standards that are defined in Subpart D of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 229 and Association of American Railroads (AAR) S-580 standards [1, 2]. The first freight locomotive crashworthiness standard, AAR S-580, was released in 1989 and became effective as of August 1990 [3]. Locomotives that were manufactured before the 1990, so-called “legacy”, lack the crew protection offered by the modern “crashworthy” locomotives [4]. While legacy locomotives, such as narrow-nose designs that were manufactured before 1990s, are generally relegated to non-lead locomotive service in Class I railroads, these units are sometimes used in mainline service. Even though the number of narrow-nose locomotives has declined, there remains a risk of injuries and fatalities for the crew for the next several years. The scope of this study is the following; • The assessment of injuries and fatalities from collisions involving legacy locomotives, • The crashworthiness evaluation of collision posts for a sample legacy (narrow-nose, legacy) locomotive assembled in the 1960s and rebuilt in 2001, • Analysis of alternative collision post designs to meet and exceed the collision post requirements in the 2001 version of AAR S-580.
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Zhang, Hong, Hang Yuan, and Hehui Zheng. "Key Construction Techniques of East Tower and Anchorage of Lingdingyang Bridge in Shenzhong Link." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.2066.

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<p>Lingdingyang Bridge of Shenzhong Link is a three-span suspension bridge with a full floating system of 580 + 1666 + 580. In view of the complex construction conditions of the bridge site, the construction scheme of island cofferdam was proposed for the east anchorage, and the flexible combined island cofferdam structure of ' lock steel pipe pile + I-shaped sheet pile + parallel steel wire rope ' was innovatively adopted to transform the offshore construction into land construction. For the east cable tower, the flexible manufacturing production line of steel mesh was developed, and the integrated intelligent tower building equipment suitable for ultra-high concrete cable tower was developed, forming the industrial construction technology of ultra-high cable tower based on reinforced bar product and intelligent tower building. The key construction technology of anchorage and tower solves the construction problem of super long-span suspension bridge in offshore sea, and improves the intelligent and industrial construction level of ultra-high tower engineering.</p>
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Dagher, Christian, Pernille Bjerre Trent, Rofieda Alwaqfi, Lora H. Ellenson, Ben Davidson, Qin Zhou, Alexia Iasonos, et al. "587 Effect of substantial lymphovascular space invasion on patterns of first recurrence in FIGO 2009 surgical stage I endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma." In ESGO 2024 Congress Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2024-esgo.30.

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Rodzkin, A. S., T. S. Erchinskaya, and N. V. Ikonnikova. "BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF FRUIT BODIES OF MEDICINAL BASIDIOMYCETES." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-96-99.

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The content of the main biochemical components: protein, polysaccharides, lipids, melanin pigments, and phenolic compounds was studied in the fruit bodies of strains of fungi of the genera Ganoderma, Inonotus, Phallus, and Pleurotus. The amount of total and true protein was 14.6-28.0% and 10.9-18.5%, respectively, polysaccharides-10.8-28.4%, lipids-3.1-3.5%, phenolic compounds-580-2200 mg%. Higher protein content was observed in the strains of the fungus P. ostreatus, polysaccharides - in the strains of G. lucidum and Ph. impudicus, phenolic compounds in the strains of the fungus I. obliquus. The largest amount of polysaccharides (22.0-24.0 %) was isolated from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum (reishi). The leader in the content of polysaccharides in the dry biomass of fruit bodies is the fungus Phallus impudicus (common Veselka). The fruit bodies of Chaga I. obliquus (strains KI 5, KI 7) and Veselka Ph. impudicus (strains PI 2, PI 5, and PI 9) contained significant amounts of melanin pigments - 10.3-13.8% and 7.1-7.4%, respectively.
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Reports on the topic "I-586"

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Rathgeber, Christoph. Experimental devices to investigate degradation of PCM. IEA SHC Task 58, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task58-2021-0001.

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Deliverable 2 of Subtask 3P is a collection of questionnaires regarding experimental devices that are used by the experts of Task 58 / Annex 33 to investigate the degradation of Phase Change Materials (PCM). Three types of experiments are considered: Tests on degradation of PCM over thermal cycling (type I), tests on degradation of PCM with stable supercooling (type II), and tests on degradation of phase change slurries (type III).
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller, and Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.

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The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Christina Bougatsos, Tracy Dana, Rongwei Fu, and Terran Gilbreath. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2023 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2023.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and other plant-based compounds to treat sub-acute and chronic pain in adults and adolescents using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; and reference lists of included studies were searched to April 23, 2023. Review methods. An updated protocol with expanded inclusion criteria (addition of sub-acute [4 to 12 weeks’ duration] pain and adolescents) was posted on the PROSPERO registry. We grouped studies based on their THC to CBD ratio and by product type, i.e. whole-plant (extracted or purified), or synthetic. We conducted random effects meta-analyses and categorized magnitude of benefit (large, moderate, small, or no effect [less than small]). Results. Two new RCTs (n=115 and 15) and two new observational studies (N=2,071) were added for this annual update; no study addressed subacute pain or adolescents. One new RCT compared high and low THC to CBD ratio products versus placebo; the other new RCT evaluated was very small and had methodological limitations. Since the inception of this living review, from 5,228 total abstracts identified, 23 RCTs (N=2,035) and 10 observational studies (N=15,840) assessing different cannabinoids were included; no study evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 58 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. Strength of evidence was low, unless indicated otherwise. Compared with placebo, plant-extracted, comparable ratio THC to CBD oral spray was associated with a small decrease in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%; SOE: moderate) versus placebo. There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic high-THC to CBD ratio products were associated with a small improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in risk of nausea following the addition of one new RCT (pain: 7 RCTs, N=448, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.95, 95% CI −1.81 to −0.25, I2=60%; sedation: 4 RCTs, N=386, 19% vs. 12%, RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.95, I2=8%; nausea: 3 RCTs, N=353, 11.1% vs. 5.2%, RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.90 to 5.05; I²=0%). There was also moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (3 RCTs, N=353, 29% vs. 11%, RR 2.52, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.82, I2=41%). Extracted whole-plant high-THC to CBD ratio products (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, viii 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD products (2 new RCTs), other cannabinoids, comparisons with active non-cannabis treatments or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids also remained insufficient. Evidence was not available on important harms such as psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products versus placebo during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months) in adults with chronic pain. Evidence for low-THC to CBD ratio products, whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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