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Figus, F., L. Idolazzi, P. Perić, et al. "AB0765 CAN A 6-JOINT ULTRASOUND SCORE DIFFERENTIATE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS FROM PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS? A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1680.2–1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6394.
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Background:Ultrasonography (US) is a well established technique both for diagnosis and follow up in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PSA)1. To date, there is no consensus regarding a standardized US evaluation of joint involvement by a validated score to be used for differential diagnosis.Objectives:1) To differentiate the ultrasound features of patients affected by active RA or active PSA by using a 6-joints score2. 2) To analyze correlations between those findings and clinical patterns of PSA disease.Methods:68 RA and 38 PSA patients (divided in two equal subgroups according to the clinical involvement i.e. polyarticular or oligoarticular) were enrolled in a multi-center cross-sectional study. All patients underwent clinical evaluation including demographic data, disease characteristics, laboratory test and tender/swollen joints count. SDAI and DAPSA were calculated in accordance to the disease and standard of care. The sonographic evaluation of wrists, II MCFs and knees, was performed using a multifrequency linear probe (13-18 MHz) with power Doppler (7.5 MHz, PRF500 Hz). High-end equipment was used and the scanning technique as well as the lesion assessment was previously agreed among the participants, who performed a consensus session 100 images. A validated ultrasound score2, which included effusion, synovial hypertrophy and synovial hypervascularization at 6 joints sites was used. Those lesions were assessed according to OMERACT definitions and semi-quantitatively graded (0-3). By summing the scores obtained at each joint site and globally, a joint score for articular involvement, a score for the severity of each lesion and a global 6-joint score for all abnormalities were calculated.Results:Clinical evaluation showed no statistically significant differences between RA and PSA (table I). Ultrasound detected significant differences in the score of joint effusion (SE) (p<0.021), synovial hypertrophy (SH) (p<0.001) and Doppler signal (p<0.011) between oligoarticular PSA and RA. Significant differences in the joint score of II MCF (p<0.000) and wrist (p<0.032) were also found between oligoarticular PSA and RA. The global 6-joint score was 10,88 in RA, 6,05 in PSA oligoarticular, 16,32 in PSA polyarticular. No differences were found between RA and polyarticular PSA.Conclusion:Ultrasound evaluation of 6 target joints might help to discriminate RA and PSA oligoarticular subset. The study of a limited number of joints is therefore a complementary tool to the clinic, fast and well integrated into the overall assessment of the arthritic patient.References:[1]Zabotti A. et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018; 36:519-525.[2]Perricone C et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:866-73.Table 1.Dependent variablesStudy Populationp valuesUS_SEScoreRAPSA OLIGO.021PSA POLY.356PSARA.021OLIGOPSA POLY.014PSARA.356POLYPSA OLIGO.014US_SHScoreRAPSA OLIGO.001PSA POLY.336PSARA.001OLIGOPSA POLY.004PSARA.336POLYPSA OLIGO.004US_PDScoreRAPSA OLIGO.011PSA POLY.102PSARA.011OLIGOPSA POLY.006PSA POLYRA.102PSA OLIGO.006US_MCP2ScoreRAPSA OLIGO.000PSA POLY.276PSARA.000OLIGOPSA POLY.002PSA POLYRA.276PSA OLIGO.002US_WRISTScoreRAPSA OLIGO.032PSA POLY.610PSARA.032OLIGOPSA POLY.047PSA POLYRA.610PSA OLIGO.047US_KNEEScoreRAPSA OLIGO1.000PSA POLY.133PSA OLIGORA1.000PSA POLY.180PSA POLYRA.133PSA OLIGO.180US_KNEEScoreRAPSA OLIGO1.000PSA POLY.133PSARA1.000OLIGOPSA POLY.180PSA POLYRA.133PSA OLIGO.180US: ultrasound; SE synovial effusion; SH synovial hypertrophy;PD power Doppler; MCP metacarpophalangeal; PSA psoriatic arthritis;OLIGO oligoarticular; POLYpolyarticularDisclosure of Interests:Fabiana Figus: None declared, Luca Idolazzi: None declared, Porin Perić: None declared, Alen Zabotti Speakers bureau: Celgene, Janssen, Ilaria Tinazzi: None declared, Irene Azzolin: None declared, ERIKA MONTABONE: None declared, Tanya Sapundzhieva: None declared, Anastas Batalov: None declared, PLAMEN TODOROV: None declared, Rositsa Karalilova: None declared, Annamaria Iagnocco Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Alfasigma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Abiogen, Alfasigma, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi and Sanofi Genzyme, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Alfasigma, BMS, Eli-Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi
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Ramírez-Arroyo, Gabriela, Rafael Jesús Salín Pascual, and Mario Sergio Dávalos Fuentes. "Relevance of the voice in the process of gender affirmation in transsexual women: A cross-sectional study." Salud mental 45, no. 3 (2022): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.016.
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Introduction. Voice is a gender marker and can therefore be a source of gender dysphoria. There is a relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and voice-related difficulties in trans women (TW). Hormonal replacement treatment (HRT) in TW does not play a role in voice feminization. Access to voice feminization procedures is limited while the population demanding transgender healthcare is increasing. Objective. To describe the degree of voice-related dysphoria experienced by TW that seek a voice feminization treatment. Method. A descriptive, cross-sectional study, 26 TW completed quality of life (QoL) questionnaires and stated their reasons for seeking voice feminization. Fundamental frequency (f0) was measured. Results. 77% of the participants were legally recognized as women, 96% were under HRT, and 27% had a history of gender affirmation surgery. Median f0 for TW was 131 Hz. f0 had a poor correlation with QoL measures. The mean score in the Trans Women Voice Questionnaire was 95 (SD = 14.3). Achieving a feminine voice that allows gender conformity was the main reason for seeking treatment. Discussion and conclusion. Voice non-conformity affects QoL. None of the participants perceived their voice as feminine while 97% described their ideal voice as feminine. The inability to satisfy gender assurance needs has a detrimental effect on QoL. Improving access to affirmation procedures in public institutions without pathologization of transgender people is a pending agenda. Despite evidence that TW benefit from voice feminization treatments, it is difficult to define how to measure success.
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Torikai, E., Y. Hirano, D. Suzuki, and Y. Kanayama. "AB0362 HERPES ZOSTER IN BARICITINIB-TREATED JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING REAL-WORLD CLINICAL DATA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1482.1–1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3023.
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Background:Similar to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the association between Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and infection is particularly interesting. The incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) among patients treated with JAK inhibitors is twofold to threefold higher in several regions of Asia (e.g., Japan and Korea) as compared with that observed in North America and Western Europe [1].Objectives:To evaluate the characteristics of patients who developed HZ during baricitinib treatment using real-world, multicenter, clinical data for Japanese population.Methods:The study enrolled 97 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with baricitinib therapy (68 biologic-naïve patients and 29 biologic-experienced patients) were enrolled in the study (observation period: 2–27 months). The severity of HZ infection was determined based on the extent of the rash and the presence or absence of organ damage. We evaluated the characteristics and clinical courses of patients who developed HZ.Results:Eight patients with HZ. The incidence ratio (IR) was 8.2 per patient-year. Patient data are described in Table 1 and Table 2. The IR was a little higher than that reported in clinical trials [2], which could be attributed to the high average age (i.e., 67.3 years) of the patients in this study. It was reported that adverse events occurred more frequently in elderly patients aged ≥65 years compared with younger patients [3]. The period from baricitinib administration to the onset of HZ varied between 2 months and 16 months. It is suggested that HZ may develop at any time during baricitinib therapy. There were no distinctive patient characteristics, except for age, at the time of initial baricitinib administration between patients who developed HZ and those who did not.Table 2.Response rates of non-medical Switch from Cellcept to MyforticCase- No.Age (years)Time (years) from RA onsetGenderFemale:FMale: M)BMIBari dose (mg/d)PSL(mg/d)MTX (mg/w)HZ historyNumber of prior biologics1741.5F25.64012No226133F19.2206No136111.1F23.64010Yes04730.5M23.3408Yes057421.9F20.9200No06781.2F19.8406No074823.2F24.1448No08795.0F22.422.54No0Table 1.Fatigue in NPSLE and non-NPSLE patients (N = 222)Case No.HZ incidence period after baricitinib administration (months)Priod of baricitinib withdrawal (weeks)Severity(Mild; MilModerate: Mod)1164Mod224Mod3131Mil431Mil586Mod634Mil ~ Mod733Mod820Discontinuation due to pateient’s choiceModNone of the patients had severe symptoms, and none of them experienced organ damage. All patients were cured with anti-viral agents. It should be noted that patients who had a history of HZ had milder symptoms than those who had no history of HZ. We noted an interesting finding in one patient (case 2). The half-life of baricitinib in the blood was very short (about 6 hours), and it is reported that the drug is almost fully excreted from the body 24 hours after its administration [4]. However, this patient developed an incidence of HZ at 17 days after the withdrawal of baricitinib for surgery management. Cells may take longer time to regain their original immune status even after excretion of the drug, especially, during intense stress such as in cases of surgical invasion.Conclusion:The HZ risk in Japanese patients with RA treated with baricitinib in real-world practice was high, especially in elderly patients. It is notable that HZ events were nonserious and that patients could restart baricitinib treatment after healing with antiviral therapy, for the most part.References:[1]Taylor PC et al. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:652-62[2]Harigai M et al. Mod Reumatol. 2019;20:1-8.[3]Fleischmann R et al. RMD open. 2017;3:e000546.[4]Shi JG et al. J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;54:1354-61Disclosure of Interests:Eiji Torikai: None declared, Yuji Hirano Speakers bureau: Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Pfizer, Eisai, Abbie, Chugai, Bristol-Meyers, Jansen, Astellas, UCB, Eli-Lilly, Asahikasei, Daiichi-Sankyo, Amgen, Daisuke Suzuki: None declared, Yasuhide Kanayama: None declared
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Ghazali, Mohamad Hazwan Mohd, Mohd Hafiz Zawawi, Nurul Husna Hassan, et al. "Structural Dynamic Analysis of the Chenderoh Dam Sector Gate Section." MATEC Web of Conferences 217 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821702002.
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The dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and frequency response function (FRF) are the important characteristics to be investigated to access the level of durability of any dam structures. These characteristics are important since it will be the reference information for any operational methods to be used for the dam structures. In this study, one of the real dam (i.e., Chenderoh Dam) that available in Malaysia is taken into consideration, where the dynamic analysis of the sector gate section of the dam structure is investigated. the real scale of the sector gate section is measured on site and modelled into the CAD software with the consideration of real build-in materials. Then, the finite element (FE) model is constructed in ANSYS software with the required boundary condition and meshing sensitivity analysis. From the result of modal analysis, 30 natural frequencies are determined in the range of 0.5904 Hz to 8.471 Hz together with the mode shapes but only the most significant natural frequencies will be shown in this paper. In addition, all three axes of the FRF graphs show an agreement for the highest natural frequency value at 7.95 Hz, where the maximum deflection occurred in x axis direction with 2.03 × 10-7 m.
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LANTERI, ANTONIO, and HIDETOSHI MAEDA. "Projective manifolds of sectional genus three as zero loci of sections of ample vector bundles." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 144, no. 1 (2008): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004107000813.
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AbstractLet ϵ be an ample vector bundle of rank r ≥ 2 on a smooth complex projective variety X of dimension n such that there exists a global section of ϵ whose zero locus Z is a smooth subvariety of dimension n-r ≥ 2 of X. Let H be an ample line bundle on X such that the restriction HZ of H to Z is very ample. Triplets (X, ϵ, H) with g(Z, HZ) = 3 are classified, where g(Z, HZ) is the sectional genus of (Z, HZ).
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Davis, T. L., and G. M. Jackson. "Reply by the authors to the Discussion by B. Biswas." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 3 (1989): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1486681.
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28 Hz geophones without a low‐cut filter provided a very similar amplitude (and phase) response to the 10 Hz geophones combined with a 25 Hz low‐cut filter. Combining 28 Hz geophones with a 15 or 20 Hz low‐cut filter would produce a record intermediate between Figure 4b and c. There is, however, a tradeoff between low‐frequency noise attenuation and the bandwidth of the seismic wavelet. Before stacking and deconvolution, the more severe low‐cut filtering produces dramatic noise reduction (Figure 4). After deconvolution and stacking, this improvement is much less dramatic. It was decided not to attenuate frequencies in the 10 to 25 Hz range too severely as this could decrease the signal bandwidth and provide a more “ringy,” if marginally cleaner, section.
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Wan, Yong, Menghua Li, Liangjun Chen, et al. "Effect of Final Electromagnetic Stirring Parameters on Central Cross-Sectional Carbon Concentration Distribution of High-Carbon Square Billet." Metals 9, no. 6 (2019): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060665.
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The effect of final electromagnetic stirring parameters, with current intensity increasing from 300 A to 400 A and frequency increasing from 4 Hz to 12 Hz, on the electromagnetic forces and carbon concentration distribution of the central cross section of a 70 steel square billet have been studied. Along the center line of the liquid core zone, current intensity of 400 A and frequency of 8 Hz achieve the maximum electromagnetic force at the position 48 mm away from the billet edge among the 10 groups of stirring parameters. Nevertheless, along diagonal of the liquid core zone, the electromagnetic force near the diagonal center is the greatest and the current intensity of 280 A and frequency of 12 Hz obtain the maximum electromagnetic force. The optimal final electromagnetic stirring (F-EMS) parameter to uniform the central cross-sectional carbon concentration and minimize the center carbon segregation of 70 steel billet was obtained with a current intensity of 280 A and frequency of 12 Hz. Under this stirring parameter, the area ratios of carbon concentrations of 0.66 wt%, 0.70 wt% and 0.74 wt% in the middle of the billet cross section reached 28.5%, 56.9% and 10.9%, respectively. Moreover, the carbon segregation indexes for all sampling points were in the range of 0.92–1.05.
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Kang, Dong Ha, Byung Ok Kwak, A. Young Park, and Han Wool Kim. "Clinical Manifestations of Herpes Zoster Associated with Complications in Children." Children 8, no. 10 (2021): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8100845.
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Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation when VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declines. Information on HZ in children is limited. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated HZ’s clinical course and complications in children. We extracted the outpatient and hospitalization medical records of pediatric patients (<19 years) primarily diagnosed with HZ (ICD-10 B02 code) between January 2010 and November 2020. HZ was defined as a typical unilateral dermatomal vesicular rash where HZ was the treating physician’s primary diagnosis. Recognized HZ complications included combined bacterial skin infection, ophthalmic zoster, zoster oticus without facial paralysis, meningitis, and PHN. We identified 602 HZ cases, among which 54 developed HZ complications and were included in our analysis. The median age was 14.7 years, most patients were aged ≥13 years (42, 79%), and none were aged <4 years. Fifty-three were immunocompetent, and only one had systemic lupus erythematosus. The most frequent complication was zoster ophthalmicus (n = 26, 48%). HZ complications were also observed in immunocompetent or vaccinated children exhibiting a head or neck rash before and after VZV immunization. Current VZV vaccination programs may be insufficient in preventing HZ complications. Therefore, close varicella and HZ burden monitoring and the establishment of effective VZV vaccination programs are imperative.
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Perez-De-Arrilucea-Le-Floc’h, Unai A., Manuel Dote-Montero, Abraham Carle-Calo, Guillermo Sánchez-Delgado, Jonatan R. Ruiz, and Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete. "Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Energy Expenditure at Resting and during Uphill Walking in Healthy Young Men." Metabolites 12, no. 9 (2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090781.
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The effects of the different electrical frequencies of whole-body electrical stimulation (WB-EMS) on energy expenditure (EE) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of different WB-EMS electrical frequencies on EE and the RER during supine resting and uphill walking. A total of 10 healthy and recreationally active men (21.6 ± 3.3 years old) participated in the present study. Participants completed two testing sessions in a randomized order. In each session, a variety of impulse frequencies (1 hertz (Hz), 2 Hz, 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz, and 10 Hz) were applied in a randomized order, allowing a 10 min passive recovery between them. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured to calculate EE and the RER. All frequencies increased EE at rest (all p ≤ 0.001), with 4 Hz being the frequency producing the highest increase (Δ = 8.89 ± 1.49 kcal/min), as did 6 Hz (Δ = 8.05 ± 1.52 kcal/min) and 8 Hz (Δ = 7.04 ± 2.16 kcal/min). An increment in the RER at rest was observed with 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz and 10 Hz (all p ≤ 0.016), but not with 1 Hz and 2 Hz (p ≥ 0.923). During uphill walking, the frequency that elicited the highest increase in EE was 6 Hz (Δ = 4.87 ± 0.84 kcal/min) compared to the unstimulated condition. None of the impulse frequencies altered the RER during uphill walking. WB-EMS increases EE in healthy young men both during resting and uphill walking.
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Siegmund, B., G. Y. Melmed, P. M. Irving, et al. "P402 Incidence and outcomes of herpes zoster in the ozanimod phase, 3 ulcerative colitis and relapsing multiple sclerosis clinical program." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (2022): i395—i396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.529.
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Abstract Background Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an elevated risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ), caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV). Increased incidence of HZ has been reported with sphingosine, 1-phosphatase (S1P) receptor modulators. This analysis examined the number of patients who failed screening due to a lack of demonstrated VZV immunity and the incidence of HZ from completed phase, 3 ozanimod clinical trials. Methods Safety results were included from True North (52-week trial) in patients with UC, and SUNBEAM (12-month trial), and RADIANCE (24-month trial) in patients with MS. All patients were required to have had a positive VZV IgG antibody status or completed VZV vaccination ≥30 days prior to randomization based on known effects of S1P modulators. Patients with a negative VZV antibody titer could choose to receive the VZV vaccination to qualify for the trial. Number of pre-screen failures because of lack of demonstrated immunity, occurrence of HZ, and association between HZ cases and lymphopenia were analyzed. Results Of, 1831 patients with UC screened for VZV immunity, 104 (5.7%) failed screening due to lack of documentation of VZV antibody or VZV vaccination ≥30 days before randomization;, 22% (23/104) subsequently received varicella vaccination and were rescreened and enrolled. Of, 3332 MS patients tested for VZV immunity, 309 (9.3%) tested negative and, 32% (98/309) of these patients were vaccinated prior to randomization. In the UC and MS trials, the incidence of HZ cases was low in ozanimod-treated patients (8 cases [1.0%] and, 5 cases [0.6%], respectively; Table, 1). All cases were distributed across a single dermatome, did not result in a complication of HZ, and were treated with oral antivirals while patients remained on ozanimod. None of the patients discontinued ozanimod because of HZ and none of the HZ cases were associated with grade, 4 lymphopenia (defined as an absolute lymphocyte count &lt;0.2 x, 109/L). Conclusion In the ozanimod phase, 3 UC and MS trials, 5%–10% of patients screened did not have demonstrated VZV immunity;, 22%–32% of these patients received varicella vaccination, were rescreened and enrolled. The overall HZ incidence in clinical trials was low (≤1% of patients), all cases were distributed across a single dermatome, and no serious or complicated cases occurred in ozanimod-treated patients with VZV immunity. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the incidence of HZ in clinical practice.
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Dineva, G., K. Peychev, and D. Georgiev. "Pulsation parameters of new and used milking liners with round cross section." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (2021): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547//ast.2021.03.047.
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Abstract. Milking machines equipped with new and used milking liners with a round cross section were studied. The used milking membranes were operated for 3 months on a farm for rearing 60 cows (Holstein cattle) with double milking per day. The experiment involved recording the standard pulsation phases “a”, “b”, “c” and “d” (in absolute units) in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 2.5 Hz, in a vacuum mode of 40 kPa and 50 kPa and at a pulsation ratio of 50/50%. It was found that the transients (phase “a” and phase “c”) are faster and the established phases (phase “b” and phase “d”) are longer in milking units equipped with used milking liners. The conclusions are related to the service life of the milking liners.
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Gardner, Judith M., David J. Lewkowicz, Susan A. Rose, and Bernard Z. Karmel. "Effects of Visual and Auditory Stimulation on Subsequent Visual Preferences in Neonates." International Journal of Behavioral Development 9, no. 2 (1986): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548600900208.
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The effects of prior exposure to slow or fast temporal frequencies of visual or auditory stimuli on subsequent preferences for visual temporal frequencies were examined in three groups of neonates (N =12 in each group). The 2 Hz group was exposed to lights flashing at 2 Hz prior to half the preference trials and sounds pulsing at 2 Hz prior to the other half of the preference trials. The 8 Hz group was similarly prestimulated with 8 Hz lights and sounds. The control group received no prestimulation prior to preference trials. Preference trials consisted of the presentation of all possible pairs of 2, 4, or 8 Hz flashing lights for 20 sec per pair. Regardless of modality, visual preferences varied systematically with changes in prior stimulation such that there was an inverse relationship between amount of prestimulation and preferred temporal frequency. Infants looked more at slower frequencies and less at faster frequencies as the amount of prestimulation increased from none to 2 Hz to 8 Hz. These effects are similar to those found when internal stimulation is increased by testing neonates before feeding while unswaddled. Thus, we conclude that additional stimulation, whether from external or internal sources, influences neonates' visual attention through general rather than stimulus-specific effects on arousal.
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Abd Rahman, Norashidah, and Walid Tizani. "Effect of Loading Frequency on Fatigue Life of Extended Hollobolt in Concrete Filled Hollow Section." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.950.
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A difference in frequency of loading during the test may give a different number of cycles to failure, especially at a higher frequency. The difference becomes more evident when higher frequency was applied at the same stress value. The change of frequency should be analyzed to define its effect on the fatigue life of the Extended Hollobolt to concrete filled hollow section. A number of tests are conducted to determine this effect. Frequencies between 0.25 and 5.0 Hz were applied. Analysis of the result indicates that frequency below 3 Hz does not significantly affect the fatigue life of Extended Hollobolt.
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Chapel, Nichole, Jeffrey Lucas, Scott Radcliffe, Kara Stewart, and Donald Lay. "Comparison of Vocalization Patterns in Piglets Which Were Crushed to Those Which Underwent Human Restraint." Animals 8, no. 8 (2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8080138.
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Though many studies focused on piglet crushing utilizing piglet vocalizations to test sow response, none have verified the properties of test vocalizations against actual crushing events. Ten sows were observed 48 h after parturition, and crushing events were recorded from all sows. When a crushing event occurred, a second piglet within the same litter was used to solicit a vocalization through manual restraint to compare restrained piglets’ call properties to those of crushed piglets’. A total of 659 Restrained calls and 631 Crushed calls were collected. Variables were gathered at the loudest point in a call, and as an average across the entire call. Crushed piglets had a lower fundamental frequency (p < 0.01; Crushed: 523.57 ± 210.6 Hz; Restrained: 1214.86 ± 203.2 Hz) and narrower bandwidth (p < 0.01; Crushed: 4897.01 ± 587.3 Hz; Restrained: 6674.99 ± 574.0 Hz) when analyzed at the loudest portion of a call. Overall, piglets which were crushed had a lower mean peak frequency than those which were restrained (p = 0.01; 1497.08 ± 239.4 Hz and 2566.12 ± 235.0 Hz, respectively). Future research should focus on measuring sow reactivity to Crushed and Restrained piglets to continue to improve research practices.
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Moore, Christopher I. "Frequency-Dependent Processing in the Vibrissa Sensory System." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 6 (2004): 2390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00925.2003.
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The vibrissa sensory system is a key model for investigating principles of sensory processing. Specific frequency ranges of vibrissa motion, generated by rodent sensory behaviors (e.g., active exploration or resting) and by stimulus features, characterize perception by this system. During active exploration, rats typically sweep their vibrissae at ∼4–12 Hz against and over tactual surfaces, and during rest or quiescence, their vibrissae are typically still (<1 Hz). When a vibrissa is swept over an object, microgeometric surface features (e.g., grains on sandpaper) likely create higher frequency vibrissa vibrations that are greater than or equal to several hundred Hertz. In this article, I first review thalamic and cortical neural responses to vibrissa stimulation at 1–40 Hz. I then propose that neural dynamics optimize the detection of stimuli in low-frequency contexts (e.g., 1 Hz) and the discrimination of stimuli in the whisking frequency range. In the third section, I describe how the intrinsic biomechanical properties of vibrissae, their ability to resonate when stimulated at specific frequencies, may promote detection and discrimination of high-frequency inputs, including textured surfaces. In the final section, I hypothesize that distinct low- and high-frequency processing modes may exist in the somatosensory cortex (SI), such that neural responses to stimuli at 1–40 Hz do not necessarily predict responses to higher frequency inputs. In total, these studies show that several frequency-specific mechanisms impact information transmission in the vibrissa sensory system and suggest that these properties play a crucial role in perception.
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Zhong, S., Z. S. Huang, G. L. Gebber, and S. M. Barman. "The 10-Hz sympathetic rhythm is dependent on raphe and rostral ventrolateral medullary neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 5 (1993): R857—R866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r857.
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We studied the effects of brain stem and spinal lesions on the 10-Hz rhythms in left and right inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of baroreceptor-denervated, decerebrate cats. Unilateral medullary lesions [parasagittal section 1.5 mm lateral to midline, radiofrequency lesion of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), or chemical inactivation (muscimol) of the RVLM] dramatically reduced the 10-Hz rhythmic discharges in the two nerves. Power in the 10-Hz band of ipsilateral inferior cardiac SND was reduced more than that in contralateral SND. In contrast, bilateral parasagittal medullary sections or microinjection of muscimol into the medullary raphe uniformly reduced the 10-Hz rhythmic discharges of both nerves. Unlike unilateral medullary lesions, rostral pontine or cervical spinal hemisection reduced the 10-Hz discharges of only the ipsilateral inferior cardiac nerve. The chemical inactivation experiments demonstrate that the 10-Hz rhythm in SND is dependent on medullary raphe and RVLM neurons. Moreover the experiments with unilateral lesions demonstrate a mutually facilitatory interaction of medullary circuits that are responsible for the 10-Hz rhythmic discharges in sympathetic nerves located on opposite sides of the body.
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Schrader, Lara, Sima Sadeghinejad, Jalleh Sadeghinejad, et al. "Comparison of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation parameters on motor cortex excitability in normal subjects." International Journal of Epilepsy 03, no. 01 (2016): 002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2016.02.003.
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Abstract Background/objectives Optimal low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) parameters for treating epilepsy and other brain disorders are unknown. To address this question, a systematic study of the effects of LF-rTMS frequency and intensity on cortical excitability was performed. Methods Using a four-period crossover design, subjects were scheduled for four LF-rTMS sessions that were at least four weeks apart. LF-rTMS was delivered as 900 pulses directed at primary motor cortex using four protocols: 0.5 Hz at 90% resting motor threshold (RMT), 0.5 Hz at 110% RMT, 1 Hz at 90% RMT, and 1 Hz at 110% RMT. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, resting motor threshold (RMT), and cortical silent period (CSP) were measured before, immediately after, and 60 min after LF-rTMS. Each of the four protocols was analyzed separately to compare baseline measurements to those after LF-rTMS. Results None of the four LF-rTMS protocols produced a trend or significant change in MEP amplitude, RMT, or CSP. Conclusion The lack of significant effect from the four LF-rTMS protocols indicates that none produced evidence for alteration of cortical excitability. The direct comparison of four LF-rTMS protocols is distinct to this investigation, as most similar studies were exploratory and studied only one or two protocols. The negative result relates only to the methods used in this investigation and does not indicate that LF-rTMS does not alter cortical excitability with other parameters. These results may be useful when designing additional investigations into the effect of LF-rTMS on epilepsy, other disorders, and cortical excitability.
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Bilgin, E., F. Ceylan, E. Duran, et al. "FRI0117 INCIDENCE RATE OF HERPES ZOSTER IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS UNDER TOFACITINIB: REAL-LIFE DATA FROM TURKEY – HURBIO REGISTRY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 640.3–640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.518.
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Background:Tofacitinib (TOF) is an orally administered Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis. There is a heterogeneity among numbers reported from different continents about herpes zoster (HZ) incidence rate (1-3). However, data about HZ risk in our country, which stands like a bridge between Asia and Europe, is lacking.Objectives:To assess the real-life incidence of herpes zoster in RA patients under tofacitinib.Methods:We analyzed all patients who had at least 1 control visit under tofacitinib and registered to HURBIO database. We calculated incidence rate by dividing the number of patients with herpes zoster to total follow-up years, then multiplied by 100 (per 100 patient-years).Results:A total of 204 (174 (85.4%) female) patients were recruited. Mean age was 53.2±12.5 years. Mean disease duration was 11.5±8.1 years. Rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies were positive in 135/198 (68.1 %) and 115/171 (67.2 %) patients, respectively. Median follow-up while receiving TOF was 11.6 (IQR:5.2-26.2) months. Combination with DMARDs was used in 83.3% of patients. 55.5% of patients was biologic-naive. Eleven (5.3%, incidence rate: 3.9 (2.3-8.5; % 95 CI) per 100 patient-years) patients had zona zoster. Ten of these patients was female, median age was 59 (IQR; 52-69) and 4 of them was older than 65 years-old. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 9 patients. Only 1 of these patients had diabetes. Median follow-up of these patients under TOF was 8.1(IQR: 6-25) months. Ten of these patients had concomitant DMARDs (9 hydroxycholoroquine, 4 methotrexate, 2 leflunomide; according to last follow-up visit) and 9 of them received concomitant steroids (med(IQR); 4 (1-8) mg- at equivalant methyl-prednisolon dose). Eight of them was biologic-naive. Tofacitinib was discontinued in 4 of these patients.Conclusion:In this real-life data from Turkey, we found a HZ incidence rate similar to that reported from USA and global data; however, we found a lower incidence rate that reported from Japan (Figure 1).Figure 1.Reported herpes zoster incidence rates across different countries (numbers in paranthesis indicate reference number)References:[1]Winthrop KL, Curtis JR, Lindsey S, Tanaka Y, Yamaoka K, Valdez H, et al. Herpes Zoster and Tofacitinib: Clinical Outcomes and the Risk of Concomitant Therapy. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, NJ). 2017;69(10):1960-8.[2]Curtis JR, Xie F, Yun H, Bernatsky S, Winthrop KL. Real-world comparative risks of herpes virus infections in tofacitinib and biologic-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(10):1843-7.[3]Yamanaka H, Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Sugiyama N, Yuasa H, Toyoizumi S, et al. Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, as monotherapy or with background methotrexate, in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label, long-term extension study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18:34.Disclosure of Interests:Emre Bilgin: None declared, Furkan Ceylan: None declared, Emine Duran: None declared, Ertugrul Cagri Bolek: None declared, Bayram Farisoğullari: None declared, Gözde Kübra Yardimci: None declared, Levent Kiliç: None declared, Ali Akdoğan: None declared, Omer Karadag: None declared, Şule Apraş Bilgen: None declared, Sedat Kiraz: None declared, Ali İhsan Ertenli: None declared, Umut Kalyoncu Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, UCB
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Ghazali, Mohamad Hazwan Mohd, Mohd Hafiz Zawawi, Nurul Husna Hassan, et al. "Prediction of the Flow-Induced Vibration Response of the Chenderoh Dam Left Bank Section." MATEC Web of Conferences 217 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821701001.
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Flow-induced vibration is a common phenomenon that happened in any of dam structures during the operational condition. This includes the effect of water spilling from the upstream to the downstream of the dam due to high water volume at the upstream side. the release of water from the dam can be beneficial in generating the electricity source to the surrounding areas. However, in some cases, the spill of water can induced the significant vibration effects to the dam structure. In this study, the prediction of the flow-induced vibration response at the left bank section of the real scale Malaysian Chenderoh Dam model is simulated using the ANSYS software. the input force disturbances from the flow of the water at the left bank section during the normal water spilling condition is investigated. the results of frequency domain response and operational defection shapes (ODS) from the effect of flow-induced vibration are compared with the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the dam. From the results, the transient vibration responses due to the flow of water happened at the frequency of 13.3 Hz while the natural frequency of the left bank section occurred at 52.3 Hz, which indicates that there is no resonance phenomenon for the normal case of water spilling at the left bank section of the dam structure. This result is useful for the dam operation section in order to avoid any disaster of the dam structure.
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Sun, Haibo, Liejun Li, Xuexing Wu, and Chengbin Liu. "Effect of subsurface negative segregation induced by M-EMS on componential homogeneity for bloom continuous casting." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 6 (2018): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018031.
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The subsurface negative segregation behavior and its effect on componential homogeneity of as-cast bloom within a section size of 320 mm × 425 mm under different stirrer currents were investigated with the aid of numerical simulation. To this end, plant trials were conducted based on a curved bloom caster in Shaoguan steel. The results show that the minimum subsurface negative segregation degree is decreased from 0.977 to 0.858 and its corresponding location moves from 16 mm to 11.9 mm distance from strand surface as the stirrer current is increased from 100 A to 600 A. The carbon content fluctuation range of rolled product cross-section first reduces and then increases because of the integrated effects of two factors: melt temperature at the mold exit center decreases (that is, undercooling is increased), whereas the local segregation degree increases with the increase in the stirrer current. As compared to the normal M-EMS parameters (600 A/2.5 Hz), the fluctuation range of carbon content at the cross-section of rolled product is reduced from 0.038 to 0.012 wt.% under the optimized M-EMS parameters of 200 A/2.5 Hz.
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Zhang, Ming. "Special Section on Mass Transport and Environmental Risk Assessment." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 15, no. 4 (2011): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000124.
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Gurnett, Christina A., Judy A. Bodnar, Jeffrey Neil, and Anne M. Connolly. "Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome: Presentation, Electrodiagnosis, and Muscle Biopsy." Journal of Child Neurology 19, no. 3 (2004): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073804019003011.
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We report 10 children with congenital myasthenic syndromes diagnosed by clinical features, electrodiagnostic studies, and response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Age at diagnosis (mean = 4.4 years; range 0.2–10 years) correlated with age fatigue was recognized. Symptoms at presentation included mild gross motor development delay (7/10), speech articulation difficulty (5/10), and respiratory and feeding difficulties resulting in poor growth in 7 of 10 children. None of the five children with possible presynaptic abnormalities had decremental compound muscle action potential responses to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation. Instead, electrodiagnostic studies showed a more than 100% increment of compound muscle action potential amplitude during 50 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation in two children and sustained compound muscle action potential decrement to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation after depletion (10 Hz stimulation for 10 min) in four children. Muscle biopsies ( n = 7) showed mild to severe variation in fiber size. Our experience suggests that many children with congenital myasthenic syndromes might be undiagnosed because of atypical presentation and because additional electrophysiologic studies are required.
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Gurnett, Christina A., Judy A. Bodnar, Jeffrey Neil, and Anne M. Connolly. "Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome: Presentation, Electrodiagnosis, and Muscle Biopsy." Journal of Child Neurology 19, no. 3 (2004): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738040190032101.
Full textAbstract:
We report 10 children with congenital myasthenic syndromes diagnosed by clinical features, electrodiagnostic studies, and response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Age at diagnosis (mean = 4.4 years; range 0.2–10 years) correlated with age fatigue was recognized. Symptoms at presentation included mild gross motor development delay (7/10), speech articulation difficulty (5/10), and respiratory and feeding difficulties resulting in poor growth in 7 of 10 children. None of the five children with possible presynaptic abnormalities had decremental compound muscle action potential responses to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation. Instead, electrodiagnostic studies showed a more than 100% increment of compound muscle action potential amplitude during 50 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation in two children and sustained compound muscle action potential decrement to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation after depletion (10 Hz stimulation for 10 min) in four children. Muscle biopsies ( n = 7) showed mild to severe variation in fiber size. Our experience suggests that many children with congenital myasthenic syndromes might be undiagnosed because of atypical presentation and because additional electrophysiologic studies are required.
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Farre, R., R. Peslin, E. Oostveen, B. Suki, C. Duvivier, and D. Navajas. "Human respiratory impedance from 8 to 256 Hz corrected for upper airway shunt." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 1973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.1973.
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Respiratory input impedance (Zrs) was measured from 8 to 256 Hz in 10 healthy subjects by a method that eliminated the shunt impedance of extrathoracic airway walls. It consisted of combining the data obtained with a pressure input at the mouth (standard method, Zst) and with a pressure input around the head (Zhg) Zrs = Zst.(Zp + Zhg)/(Zp + Zst) where Zp is the impedance of the mouthpiece and pneumotachograph. Large quantitative differences were observed between Zrs and Zst, demonstrating that the standard method is unreliable at such frequencies. The real part of Zrs increased from 2.6 +/- 0.8 cmH2O.l-1.s at 8 Hz to a maximum of 38 +/- 19 cmH2O.l-1.s at 158 +/- 49 Hz. The imaginary part exhibited a maximum of 19 +/- 8 cmH2O.l-1.s at 126 +/- 38 Hz, a resonance at 157 +/- 43 Hz, and a minimum of lambda 19 +/- 16 cmH2O.l-1.s at 185 +/- 45 Hz. The data were analyzed with five models featuring alveolar gas compressibility; tissue resistance, inertance, and compliance; and different representations of the airways with lumped and distributed parameters. All except the simplest (lumped frequency-dependent resistance) fitted the data equally well, but none provided reliable estimates of gas compliance. Three models gave a consistent description of the airway in terms of equivalent rigid tubes (cross-sectional area 3.5-3.7 cm2, length 47-51 cm). We conclude that high-frequency input impedance could prove useful in exploring the airways but not the peripheral lung.
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Mayne, C. N., H. Sutherland, J. C. Jarvis, S. J. Gilroy, A. J. Craven, and S. Salmons. "Induction of a fast-oxidative phenotype by chronic muscle stimulation: histochemical and metabolic studies." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 1 (1996): C313—C320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.1.c313.
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Chronic electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle at 10 Hz induces fast-to-slow fiber type transformation. Does a lower aggregate amount of activity lead to a less complete transformation, or does it produce the same transformation over a longer time course? We examined this question by subjecting adult rabbit tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles to continuous stimulation at 2.5 Hz for 2-12 wk. Most of the fibers acquired the histochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of type 2A, not type 1, fibers. There was a corresponding rise in oxidative activity, but this was accompanied by a marked decline in anaerobic glycolysis. The activities of hexokinase and 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase stopped increasing after 2 wk, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase after 4 wk, and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase after 6 wk of stimulation. Succinate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase continued to change up to 12 wk of stimulation. Changes in enzyme activity were not as rapid or as marked as those observed for stimulation at 10 Hz, and none showed the typical two-phase response of oxidative enzyme activities to stimulation at 10 Hz. The latter may therefore be dependent on induction of type 1 myosin isoforms.
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Lv, Bing, Wentao Zhang, Wenzhu Huang, Fang Li, and Yongqian Li. "Narrow Linewidth Half-Open-Cavity Random Laser Assisted by a Three-Grating Ring Resonator for Strain Detection." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207882.
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A stabilized narrow-linewidth random fiber laser for strain detection, based on a three-grating ring (TGR) resonator and half-open-cavity structure, is proposed and investigated experimentally. The half-open-cavity structure proved to provide double optical gain of erbium-doped fiber, which was beneficial to increase the photon lifetime as well as further narrow the linewidth. Meanwhile, the stability and frequency noise of narrow lasing output was improved by suppressing the competition-induced undesired residual random lasing modes with the TGR resonator. The TGR resonator is composed of a double-cavity fiber Bragg grating Fabry–Perot (FBG-FP) interferometer, a section of single-mode fiber, and a circulator. The specially designed double-cavity FBG-FP interferometer embedded in the TGR resonator acted as the strain-sensing element and improved the resolution of the dynamic strain. A stable ultra-narrow linewidth of about 205 Hz was obtained. The frequency noise was reduced to about 2 Hz/√Hz. A high dynamic strain measuring resolution of 35 femto-strain (fε)/√Hz was achieved.
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Li, Hang, Ruiyao Liu, Shuai He, et al. "Bionic Design of the Vertical Bracket of Wide Angle Auroral Imager by Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 5274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105274.
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In the aerospace field, lightweight design is a never-ending pursuit. By integrating structural bionics and structural optimization, the vertical bracket of a wide angle auroral imager is designed and manufactured by additive manufacturing technology in this work. Initially, the classical topology optimization is utilized for the vertical bracket to find the optimal material layout and primary load carrying paths. Drawing on the width-to-diameter ratio and the bone mineral density distribution of human femur, the vertical support is designed as a bionic structure with a solid middle section and thin wall in other parts. Afterwards, size optimization is maintained for the bionic design model to obtain the optimal model. The simulation results show that the three-way eigenfrequencies of bionic optimized structure are 320 Hz, 303 Hz, and 765 Hz, respectively, which are closely approximate to the original structure. However, the mass of bionic optimized structure is reduced by 23%. Benefiting from Selective laser melting, the complex optimized design can be rapidly manufactured. The three-way eigenfrequencies of the optimized structure measured by the 0.2 g sweep tests are 307 Hz, 292 Hz, and 736 Hz, respectively. The vibration test of bionic optimized structure verifies the accuracy of the simulation results. This study indicates that the combination of structural bionics and structural optimization provides a powerful tool kit to the design of similar support structure for space applications.
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Regan, D., and B. B. Lee. "A comparison of the 40-Hz response in man, and the properties of macaque ganglion cells." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (1993): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004661.
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AbstractVisually evoked field potentials in human subjects and single-cell responses from retinal ganglion cells in the macaque monkey were compared in closely similar stimulus situations. The classical heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) technique was used to measure spectral sensitivity in man, both psychophysically and by recording the 40-Hz response, and to measure the spectral sensitivity of magnocellular (MC-) pathway cells of the macaque. The three measures gave closely similar spectral-sensitivity curves. Close agreement between the three measures was also found when the variable-modulation HFP technique was used to measure spectral sensitivity. When the relative phase between red and green lights was varied, the point of minimum subjective flicker for human observers was close to a sharp minimum found in the amplitude of the 40-Hz response in human and was also close to a minimum in the response of MC-pathway neurons in the monkey. The human 40-Hz response saturated at between 10 and 30% modulation depth, and so did the response of MC-pathway cells in the monkey.The 16-Hz response in human showed none of the above correlations with MC-pathway properties. On the other hand, parvocellular (PC-) pathway cells responded vigorously to constant-luminance, chromatic modulation, at frequencies higher than can be detected by human observers. The human 16-Hz response also was strong in that stimulus situation. In addition, the response of PC-pathway cells on increasing modulation depth showed little saturation, and this behaviour was paralleled by the human 16-Hz response.We conclude that the properties of MC-pathway neurons in macaque are closely similar to the properties of the human 40-Hz response in the respects just described. We suggest that the 40-Hz response may offer a means of objectively isolating and investigating the contribution of the magnocellular stream to cortical activity in human. In contrast, the properties of PC-pathway neurons in macaque are quite different from the properties of the human 40-Hz response, and in several respects resemble the properties of the human 16-Hz response.
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Kowalski, Krzysztof E., Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk, Peter A. Kirkwood, and Anthony F. DiMarco. "Inspiratory muscle activation via ventral lower thoracic high-frequency spinal cord stimulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 4 (2019): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01054.2018.
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In animals, high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS) applied on the ventral epidural surface at the T2 level results in negative airway pressure generation consistent with inspiratory muscle activation. In the present study, in anesthetized dogs, we found that ventral HF-SCS (500 Hz) applied at all thoracic levels resulted in negative airway pressure generation. In the region of the lower thoracic spinal cord, negative airway pressure generation was most pronounced at the T9 level. At this level, airway pressure generation was monitored: 1) during ventral HF-SCS over a wide range of stimulus amplitudes (0.5–15 mA) and frequencies (50–1,000 Hz) and 2) following spinal sections at C8 (to assess potential diaphragm activation) and subsequently at T6 (to assess potential intercostal muscle activation). The application of low stimulus currents between 1 and 2 mA and high stimulus frequencies (>300 Hz) resulted in the development of large negative airway pressure generation. Stimulation with 1 mA, 500 Hz resulted in a highest negative airway pressure generation of 47 ± 2 cmH2O. Increasing stimulus current was associated with progressive reductions in the magnitude of negative airway pressure generation. HF-SCS (500 Hz) with 15 mA resulted in a negative airway pressure generation of 7 ± 3 cmH2O. C8 section markedly reduced negative airway pressure generation, and subsequent T6 section resulted in positive airway pressure generation after HF-SCS. Our results indicate the existence of pathways with connections to both the phrenic and inspiratory intercostal motoneuron pools in the ventral part of the lower thoracic spinal cord. We speculate that the circuits mediating the previously described excitatory intercostal-to-phrenic reflex mediate the observed responses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study suggests that, in contrast to dorsal high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at the T9 spinal level, which results in positive pressure generation, ventral high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at the same spinal level results in large negative airway pressure generation with low stimulus currents. This method, therefore, may provide an alternative method to restore ventilation in ventilator-dependent spinal cord-injured patients.
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Luo, Z. H., Z. Yang, B. Lu, B. Xu, and J. L. Huang. "Modular DAS demodulation system based on ultra-weak fibre Bragg grating." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (2022): P10037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/p10037.
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Abstract Aiming at the requirements of low power consumption, miniaturization, and massive data processing, a modular distributed optical fibre acoustic sensing (DAS) demodulation system based on ultra-weak fibre Bragg grating (UW-FBG) is proposed. A highly integrated circuit and embedded system is used for the time-domain positioning and data acquisition of the gratings. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) demodulates the phase changes of each sensing section in real time. The demodulation outputs are uploaded through a Gigabit Ethernet connection. Through innovative software and hardware design, the demodulation system power consumption is less than 20 W, and the device volume is 250 mm× 180 mm× 45 mm, and the output data size is about 2.6% of the conventional methods. All the outputs are then tested on a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) platform. Results show that the background noise within 5 Hz–1280 Hz range is 2.16 pε/√(Hz), and the strain sensitivity reaches 484 pε/√(Hz)@200 Hz. The correlation coefficient of voltage and phase is 0.9991, which shows good linearity. Combined with a common commercial laptop to demodulate the micro-vibration signals, this system could provide a cost-effective scheme for acquiring acoustic-level micro-vibration signals and on-line field monitoring.
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Hankinson, R. J. "The Sceptical Inquirer." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 23, no. 1 (2020): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02301007.
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Abstract This article treats of whether scepticism, in particular Pyrrhonian scepticism, can be said to deploy a method of any kind. I begin by distinguishing various different notions of method, and their relations to the concept of expertise (section 1). I then (section 2) consider Sextus’s account, in the prologue to Outlines of Pyrrhonism, of the Pyrrhonist approach, and how it supposedly differs from those of other groups, sceptical and otherwise. In particular, I consider the central claim that the Pyrrhonist is a continuing investigator (section 3), who in spite of refusing to be satisfied with any answer (or none), none the less still achieves tranquillity, and whether this can avoid being presented as a method for so doing, and hence as compromising the purity of sceptical suspension of commitment (section 4). In doing so, I relate—and contrast—the Pyrrhonists’ account of their practice to the ‘Socratic Method’ (section 5), as well as to the argumentative practice of various Academics (section 6), and assess their claim in so doing to be offering a way of instruction (section 7). I conclude (section 8) that there is a consistent and interesting sense in which Pyrrhonian scepticism can be absolved of the charge that it incoherently, and crypto-dogmatically, presents itself as offering a method for achieving an intrinsically desirable goal.
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Dragan, Sergey, Alexey Bogomolov, Sergei Razinkin, Igor Berzin, and Gennady Erofeev. "An innovative technology of an athlete’s organism functional reserves increase based on bioacoustical stimulation of the respiratory system." BIO Web of Conferences 26 (2020): 00037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202600037.
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In order to increase an athlete’s organism functional reserves we created the innovative technology based on low-frequency vibrations influence on respiratory system. First we measured acoustic impedance of an athlete’s organism for three phases of respiration at polyharmonic acoustic signal within the range of frequency from 3 Hz to 51 Hz. After that during 2 weeks we organized six sessions of bioacoustical stimulation among the group of 20 athletes, divided into subgroups with an effective (130 dB) and placebo (60 dB) effect. It was stated that six-fold effect of a scanning tonal signal with the level of sound pressure 130 dB within the range 22-36 Hz led to resonance frequency of respiratory system increase, respiratory system sound vibrations imbibitio coefficient decrease and its resistance to sound wave increase because of reserve alveoli opening and the increase of area of cross section of alveolar ways and respiratory bronchial tubes.
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Ferro, Amelia, Jorge Villacieros, Pablo Floría, and Jose L. Graupera. "Analysis of Speed Performance In Soccer by a Playing Position and a Sports Level Using a Laser System." Journal of Human Kinetics 44, no. 1 (2014): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0120.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic variables that identify the quality of velocity in soccer players at different competitive levels and playing positions. This study had two independent variables: 1) a competitive level (competitive and non-competitive players); and 2) a playing position, with four levels (central defenders, wide defenders/midfielders, central midfielders and forwards). Forty-two soccer players took part in a 30 m sprint-test, which was measured using a laser sensor-type 1 (LDM301-Jenoptik) at 2000 Hz. Absolute and relative times, average velocities and absolute and relative maximum velocities over 10 m sections were analyzed at 200 Hz with BioLaserSport®. There were no significant differences in average velocity between competitive and non-competitive players; however, the former reached a greater maximum velocity in the 10-20 m section. Average velocity in the 0-10 m section identified specificity among playing positions in competitive players. The forwards were the fastest followed by the central midfielders, the wide defenders/midfielders and the central defenders. No differences were found among the non-competitive players. Average velocity over the 0-10 meter section may be an important indicator when assigning a playing position for competitive players. These results support the use of more accurate systems, such as a laser system, to identify soccer players’ speed qualities (including maximum velocity) during short sprints.
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Qi, Yi, Kuan Jun Zhu, Sheng Chun Liu, and Bin Liu. "1250mm2 Conductor Self-Damping Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.377.
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Self-damping test and analysis for five types of 1250mm2 large section conductor are performed, and analytical expression and frequency response characteristics are obtained. Comparison and analysis between round wire and formed wire 1250mm2 conductors are given. And the main protection frequency range of Aeolian vibration of 1250mm2 conductor is determined from 0 to 30 Hz.
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Mo, Fan, Junfeng Xie, and Yuxuan Liu. "Vibration model of Ziyuan3 satellites considering frequency changing." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 17-18 (2020): 1484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319898973.
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Ziyuan3-01 and Ziyuan3-02, Chinese civilian high-resolution stereo mapping satellites, were designed to satisfy the requirements of 1:50,000 digital topographical mapping. Platform vibration detection plays an important role in the Ziyuan3 satellite project. Various methods have been used to detect the vibration of Ziyuan3-01, but none focuses on that the vibration frequency is not a fixed value. To detect and model the vibration, this study proposes a method based on a set of raw gyroscope data to detect long-term vibration and model it with considering frequency changing. Two experiments were conducted, and the results showed that (a) the proposed method can detect the long-term vibration frequency and model it; (b) there is a same vibration frequency of approximately 0.65 Hz in the Ziyuan3-01 and Ziyuan3-02; (c) the 0.65 Hz vibration suffered by the Ziyuan3 satellite series is not a fixed value, varying from 0.59 Hz to 0.7 Hz, and the period of the vibration change is a constant value of approximately 1 year, which we modeled with a sine function; and (d) the working state of loads on the platform, such as solar panels, has an influence on the vibration frequency certainly.
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Kobayashi, Takuma, and Masaki Omiya. "A Study on Properties of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.394.
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After obtaining a way to fabricate IPMC actuator with palladium electrodes, the deformation of IPMC actuator behavior is evaluated under various solvents, various temperatures, and various frequencies of input voltages. By using the non-electrolytic plating method to obtain IPMC actuator, it is found that as the increase of the ionic radius the bending response of IPMC actuator becomes predominant from the experimental observation. When the electric field across its cross section is unloaded, IPMC actuator shows a large back relaxation under high temperature. In the experiment of the frequency response of the input voltage, IPMC actuator shows a good response to various frequencies from 0.1 to 6.0 Hz in which the resonant peak is observed at 5.5 Hz.
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Harper, Brian E., Calvin F. Miller, G. Christopher Koteas, et al. "Granites, dynamic magma chamber processes and pluton construction: the Aztec Wash pluton, Eldorado Mountains, Nevada, USA." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 95, no. 1-2 (2004): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300001073.
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ABSTRACTThe mid-Miocene Aztec Wash pluton is divisible into a relatively homogeneous portion entirely comprising granites (the G zone, or GZ), and an extremely heterogeneous zone (HZ) that includes the products of the mingling, mixing and fractional crystallisation of mafic and felsic magmas. Though far less variable than the HZ, the GZ nonetheless records a dynamic history characterised by cyclic deposition of the solidifying products of the felsic portion of a recharging, open-system magma chamber.Tilting has exposed a 5-km section through the GZ and adjacent portions of the HZ. A porphyry is interpreted as a remnant of a chilled roof zone that marks the first stage of felsic GZ intrusion. Subsequent recharging by felsic and mafic magma, reflected by repeated cycles of crystal accumulation and melt segregation in the GZ and emplacement of mafic flows in the HZ, rejuvenated and maintained the chamber. Kilometre-scale lobes of mafic HZ material were deposited as prograding tongues into the GZ during periods of increased mafic input. Thus, they are lateral equivalents of the cumulate GZ granites with which they interfinger. Conglomerate-like units comprising rounded, matrix-supported intermediate clasts in cumulate granite are located immediately above the lobes. These ‘conglomerates’ appear to represent debris flows shed from sloping upper surfaces of the lobes. Thus, the GZ can be viewed as comprising distal facies, remote from the site of mafic recharging in the HZ, and the HZ as comprising proximal facies.Elemental chemistry suggests that the GZ cumulate granites represent a second-stage accumulation from an already evolved melt, and that coarse, more mafic, feldspar+biotite+accessory mineral ± hornblende rocks trapped between mafic sheets in the HZ are the initial cumulates. Fractionated melt accumulated roofward and laterally, and was the direct parent of the ‘evolved’ GZ cumulates. The most highly fractionated, fluid-rich melts accumulated at the roof.
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Tarabini, Marco, Tammy Eger, Katie Goggins, Alex P. Moorhead, and Filippo Goi. "Effect of the Shoe Sole on the Vibration Transmitted from the Supporting Surface to the Feet." Vibration 4, no. 4 (2021): 743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration4040041.
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Vibration transmitted through the foot can lead to vibration white feet, resulting in blanching of the toes and the disruption of blood circulation. Controlled studies identifying industrial boot characteristics effective at attenuating vibration exposure are lacking. This work focused on the evaluation of vibration transmissibility of boot midsole materials and insoles across the range 10–200 Hz at different foot locations. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the comfort of each material. The materials were less effective at attenuating vibration transmitted to the toe region of the foot than the heel. Between 10 and 20 Hz, all midsole materials reduced the average vibration transmitted to the foot. The average transmissibility at the toes above 100 Hz was larger than 1, evidencing that none of the tested material protects the worker from vibration-related risks. There was a poor correlation between the vibration transmissibility and the subjective evaluation of comfort. Future research is needed to identify materials effective for protecting both the toe and the heel regions of the foot. Specific standards for shoe testing are required as well.
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Berg, Howard C. "Constraints on models for the flagellar rotary motor." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1396 (2000): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0590.
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Most bacteria that swim are propelled by flagellar filaments, each driven at its base by a rotary motor embedded in the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. A motor is about 45 nm in diameter and made up of about 20 different kinds of parts. It is assembled from the inside out. It is powered by a proton (or in some species, a sodium–ion) flux. It steps at least 400 times per revolution. At low speeds and high torques, about 1000 protons are required per revolution, speed is proportional to protonmotive force, and torque varies little with temperature or hydrogen isotope. At high speeds and low torques, torque increases with temperature and is sensitive to hydrogen isotope. At room temperature, torque varies remarkably little with speed from about –100 Hz (the present limit of measurement) to about 200 Hz, and then it declines rapidly, reaching zero at about 300 Hz. These are facts that motor models should explain. None of the existing models for the flagellar rotary motor completely do so.
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Koltermann, Gerber, Beck, and Beck. "Validation of Different Filters for Center of Pressure Measurements by a Cross-Section Study." Technologies 7, no. 4 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7040068.
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The measurement of the center of pressure (CoP) is one of the most frequently used quantitative methods for quantifying postural performance. Due to the complexity and the high biological variability of the postural control loop, a large number of different methods and parameters have been established to describe the CoP process. Furthermore, the methodological conditions such as the foot position, visual condition, sampling duration, and the data processing also have a relevant influence on the measurement results. In addition, there are various methods for recording the pressure curve, which differ in particular with regard to the filters used, the frequencies, and measurement times. The aim of the present study was the methodical comparison between different digital filters, measurement frequencies and times, and their effects on the CoP process based on a healthy reference group. The data acquisition was done with LabVIEW and the data storage was organized in a subject oriented data structure. Based on the presented results it could be seen that with a different dominant frequency in the spectrum of the group of test persons, certain filter types are required for the processing of CoP data. In the sampling range from 300 Hz to 1 kHz in the bipedal stand and 600 Hz to 1 kHz in the monopedal stand, the choice of measurement frequency had no influence on the filter result.
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Grace, R. F., and V. J. Roach. "Caesarean Section in a Patient with Paramyotonia Congenita." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 26, no. 5 (1998): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9802600511.
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This case report details spinal anaesthesia for an elective caesarean section in a patient with the rare condition of paramyotonia congenita. There are few case reports of anaesthesia in this condition and none in the Australian anaesthetic literature. This case highlights the need for the avoidance of hypothermia and depolarizing muscle relaxants, the safety of spinal anaesthesia and a conservative approach to the management of plasma potassium concentration. The subsequent review outlines the current literature and discusses other issues involved in the anaesthetic management of this disorder.
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French, Aaron, Wilhelm Friess, Andrew Goupee, and Keith Berube. "Design, Construction and Evaluation of an Oscillating Vane Gust Generator for Atmospheric Flow Simulation." Wind 1, no. 1 (2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wind1010004.
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The study of unsteady aerodynamic phenomena in wind tunnels is supported by gust-generating devices capable of generating adjustable magnitude and periodicity velocity fluctuations in a flowfield. Gusts are typically generated actively by introducing moving vanes to direct the flow, or passively by tailoring the boundary layer growth and shape in the tunnel. The flow facility used here is a student-built closed-return low-speed wind tunnel, with a test section size of 750 mm × 750 mm and a maximum speed of 25 m/s. A two-vane gust generator utilizing NACA0018 airfoil sections of 150 mm chord length was designed and installed upstream of the test section. The flowfield was mapped with the installed vanes with and without gust actuation, utilizing a hot wire system. The tunnel with gust vanes exhibits a spatially uniform baseline turbulence intensity of 5%, with a steady state velocity deficit of 1 m/s in the vane–wake region. Upon introducing the gusting conditions at vane deflection angles of up to ±45°, velocity differences of up to 4 m/s were attained at 18 m/s freestream velocity at oscillation frequencies ranging between 1 Hz and 2 Hz.
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Paljk Likar, Ivana, Emra Becic, Neza Pezdirc, Ksenija Gersak, Miha Lucovnik, and Andreja Trojner Bregar. "Comparison of Oxytocin vs. Carbetocin Uterotonic Activity after Caesarean Delivery Assessed by Electrohysterography: A Randomised Trial." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228994.
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Electrohysterography has been used for monitoring uterine contractility in pregnancy and labour. Effective uterine contractility is crucial for preventing postpartum haemorrhage. The objective of our study was to compare postpartum electrohysterograms in women receiving oxytocin vs. carbetocin for postpartum haemorrhage prevention after caesarean delivery. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04201665. We included 64 healthy women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term scheduled for caesarean section after one previous caesarean section. After surgery, a 15 min electrohysterogram was obtained after which women were randomised to receive either five IU of oxytocin intravenously or 100 μg of carbetocin intramuscularly. A 30 min electrohysterogram was performed two hours after drug application. Changes in power density spectrum peak frequency of electrohysterogram pseudo-bursts were analysed. A significant reduction in power density spectrum peak frequency in the first two hours was observed after carbetocin but not after oxytocin (median = 0.07 (interquartile range (IQR): 0.87 Hz) compared to median = −0.63 (IQR: 0.20) Hz; p = 0.004). Electrohysterography can be used for objective comparison of uterotonic effects. We found significantly higher power density spectrum peak frequency two hours after oxytocin compared to carbetocin.
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KRAMER, BERND. "The Sexually Dimorphic Jamming Avoidance Response in the Electric Fish Eigenmannia (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes)." Journal of Experimental Biology 130, no. 1 (1987): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.130.1.39.
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Eigenmannia's jamming avoidance response (JAR) is a frequency change of its electric organ discharge (EOD) in response to an electric stimulus of similar frequency (small ΔF; ΔF = FFish - FStim). It is assumed that the response to an unclamped stimulus, ΔR = FResponce - FRest, is stereotyped and non-habituating, and improves the fish's electrolocation performance in the presence of a jamming stimulus, such as the EOD of a nearby conspecific. Adult females gravid with eggs (N = 3) gave good responses (frequency decrease of at least 3 Hz) to -ΔF (stimulus frequency higher than fish frequency), but no response or only weak responses (&lt;0.5 Hz) to +ΔF (stimulus frequency lower than fish frequency). AFter 2.75 years, a sexually mature female still showed the same behaviour, whereas an immature female (see below) had changed its behaviour considerably on becoming sexually mature. Large males (N = 4) did not give JARs to + ΔF, and no JARs or only weak ones to -ΔF (|ΔR| &lt; 0.7 Hz). Increasing the stimulus intensity by +10 or +20 dB did not change this result. After 2.5 years, two large males were still found to be almost unresponsive. However, large males gave rapid frequency modulations (‘short rises’ and “interruptions'), which have been described from threatening fish likely to attack, even at the weakest stimulus intensity. One group of juveniles (N = 4; probably females) gave only a weak increase in frequency (ΔR &lt; 0.9 Hz) in response to +ΔF but a strong frequency decrease (|ΔR| &gt; 2 Hz) in response to -ΔF. Another group of juveniles (N = 4; probably males) gave strongest responses (ΔR &gt; 3 Hz) to ΔF = 0 Hz. In these juveniles, the ‘equilibrium point’ of no response was at ΔF ≊ −0.6 Hz to −1 Hz instead of at ΔF = 0 Hz. They thus increased, rather than decreased, their EOD frequency even at small -ΔFs, which would have been more economical. A decrease in frequency was weaker than an increase. A significant frequency change could even be elicited by stimuli of ΔF = O Hz that are phase-locked to the EOD. The accuracy of assessment of ΔF, as determined in juvenile fish giving good +ΔRs and -ΔRs, was not better than ±0.3 Hz (at ΔF = −0.6 Hz). The JAR showed strong habituation. None of the 14 fish showed a frequency difference vs response curve close to optimal for the purpose of jamming avoidance. An alternative function of the JAR in social communication is considered.
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Begum, Tahera, M. Jalal Uddin, and Ishrat Jabin. "Caesarean Section Without Indwelling Catheter." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 14, no. 1 (2015): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878.
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Background: Many studies were conducted worldwide on the subject but there is none in Chittagong. To get our experience we had conducted the study. Methods: It was an experimental study. 70 cases were conveniently selected under certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases were managed by the obstetricians unrelated to the study. All cases were meticulously observed by the investigators and findings were instantly recorded. All data were manually managed. A discussion was made and conclusion was drawn. Results: Total 70 cases were studied. 35 primae and 35 multipara. Mean age was 27 years +2.3 . All were literate and 86% were housewives. Cases were without medical, surgical complications and were uneventfully managed. First voiding time was 4.28 hours +0.45. 07% cases were evacuated with plain catheter after 7 hours for pain and bladder distention. Average hospital stay 2.3 days. There was no occurrence of urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Indwelling catheter should not be used unless it is strongly indicated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 34-35
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Garcia, Liliana, Giampaolo D'Alessandro, Pierre-Olivier Fernagut, Bernard Bioulac, and Constance Hammond. "Impact of High-Frequency Stimulation Parameters on the Pattern of Discharge of Subthalamic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 6 (2005): 3662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00496.2005.
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In clinical conditions, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of subthalamic (STN) neurons in Parkinson's disease is empirically applied at ≥100 Hz (130–185 Hz), with pulses of short duration (60–100 μs) and 1- to 3-mA amplitude. Other parameter values produce no effect or aggravate the symptoms. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic action of HFS, we have compared the effects of different combinations of parameter values delivered by clinical stimulators on the activity of STN neurons recorded in whole cell patch-clamp configuration in slices. We showed that none of tested combinations of parameters silenced the neurons. Non-therapeutic combinations i.e., low-frequency pulses (10–50 Hz), even at large amplitude or width, further excited the STN neurons with respect to their spontaneous activity. In contrast, combinations in the therapeutic range (80–185 Hz, 90–200 μs, 500–800 μA) replaced the preexisting activity by spikes, time-locked to the stimuli and thus presenting a striking regularity. When increasing pulse width or amplitude in this high-frequency range, the dual effect was still present but the activity generated became more irregular. We propose that during HFS at clinically relevant parameters, STN neurons behave as stable oscillators entirely driven by the stimulation, giving an average stable STN output that overrides spontaneous activity and introduces high-frequency regular spiking in the basal ganglia network.
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Thompson, P., R. Stone, and E. Walton. "Short-Term Memory for Speed." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (1996): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0808.
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We have measured the retention of information about stimulus speed in visual short-term memory by measuring speed discrimination in a two-interval forced-choice task. We have also measured such discrimination in conditions where a ‘memory masker’ is presented during the interstimulus interval (ISI) in a fashion analogous to the experiment of Magnussen et al (1991 Vision Research31 1213 – 1219). Magnussen et al found that spatial frequency discrimination was disrupted when the mask had a spatial frequency that differed from the test spatial frequency by an octave or more. We have investigated the speed discrimination of 8 Hz, 1 cycle deg−1 drifting sine-wave gratings with the following drifting masks presented in the ISI: (i) 8 Hz 1 cycle deg−1, same direction as the test; (ii) 8 Hz, 8 cycles deg−1, opposite direction to the test; (iii) 8 Hz, 8 cycles deg−1, same direction as the test; (iv) 24 Hz, 3 cycles deg−1, same direction as the test. These masks were chosen to investigate whether the temporal frequency, the spatial frequency, the speed, or the direction of motion of the mask affected retention. We found that in none of these conditions was the discrimination of the test gratings impaired significantly. This pattern of results is therefore different from that found with spatial frequency discrimination and suggests that, whatever mechanism is responsible for the retention of information about speed, it is different from that responsible for the retention of information about spatial frequency.
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Tran, Trung N., G. Thomas Ray, Patricia Saddier, et al. "Immunocompromised Status of Patients with Hematologic and Solid Tumor Malignancies: Construction of a Practical Algorithm." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2484.2484.
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Abstract Abstract 2484 Poster Board II-461 Background: Hematologic (HM) and solid tumor malignancy (STM) patients may be immunocompromised (IC) due to their underlying diseases and the immunosuppressive therapies they received. Availability of a practical and robust algorithm to classify HM and STM patients into IC levels using data from healthcare databases could be valuable for a variety of epidemiologic, health service or outcome research in the field of oncology. Classification of the IC status of patients also permits accurate prediction of the types of supportive care that such patients may need to prevent infectious complications that often accompany treatments for the underlying malignancy. Methods: An expert panel mainly comprised of hematologists and oncologists developed an algorithm to classify HM and STM patients' level of IC into either none/low, medium, or high, using data available in electronic databases. The algorithm was based on the following factors: (1) the type of chemotherapy agents and/or corticosteroids, (2) time since last chemotherapy/corticosteroid treatment, and (3) specific type of HM (for HM patients). Chemotherapy agents were classified into levels of IC, irrespective of dose used. Corticosteroid therapy was classified into levels of IC based on dose and duration of treatment. IC levels were allowed to change monthly to reflect what chemotherapy agents were used, dose and duration of corticosteroid if any, and time since the last IC treatment. In the base case scenario, the patient's IC level (based on treatment) stayed at an assigned level for 6 months after the last treatment and then moved to the next lower level for an additional 6 months. In alternative scenarios, sensitivity analyses were also performed using the 1, 3, 9, and 12 month cutoffs. If the patient received multiple chemotherapy agents/corticosteroid regimens, the most immunocompromising agent determined the IC level during that time period. We applied and tested this algorithm in a study of HM and STM patients diagnosed in 2001-2005 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). Herpes zoster (HZ), a viral disease caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus, is associated with impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, we used incidence of HZ as a proxy for true IC status. The KPNC cancer registry was used to identify cancer diagnoses and the type, stage and grade of the underlying HM. Data on specific chemotherapy agents and/or dose and duration of corticosteroids as well as time since last IC treatment were obtained from KPNC pharmacy databases. Potential episodes of HZ in 2001-2006 were identified from HZ diagnosis codes and antiviral use in various KPNC databases. HZ diagnosis was confirmed by clinical review of patient's medical records. We measured HZ incidence rates in HM and STM patients and examined whether they were correlated with IC level based on our algorithm. Results: In the base case scenario, among the 4,465 patient-years (py) of follow-up in HM patients, 25.3%, 34.4%, and 40.3% of follow-up time was categorized as none/low, medium, or high IC, respectively. The corresponding rates of HZ were 13, 25, and 48/1000 py. Among the 23,072 py of follow-up in STM patients, 74.9%, 8.0%, and 17.1% of follow-up time was categorized as none/low, medium, or high IC, respectively. The corresponding rates of HZ were 10, 20, and 19/1000 py, respectively. The algorithm was not sensitive to changes from 3 to 12 months, but was sensitive to the 1 month cutoff, in the assumption of duration of IC since the last IC treatment. Conclusions: It is feasible and practical to categorize cancer patients into IC levels using electronic pharmacy and cancer registry databases. The correlation between incidence of HZ and levels of IC in both HM and STM patients suggested that the proposed algorithm may appropriately assign IC levels in these patients. Additional testing in other cancer populations may be needed to further validate this algorithm. Disclosures: Tran: Merck & Co., Inc.: Employment. Ray:Merck & Co., Inc.: Investigative. Saddier:Merck & Co., Inc.: Employment. Trigg:Merck & Co., Inc.: Employment. Hayes:Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy. Li:Merck & Co., Inc.: Investigative. Rizzieri:Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy. Stein:Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy. Weber:Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy. Serody:Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy. Raasch:Merck & Co., Inc.: Consultancy. Habel:Merck & Co., Inc.: Investigative.
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Paganini, A. T., J. M. Foley, and R. A. Meyer. "Linear dependence of muscle phosphocreatine kinetics on oxidative capacity." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 272, no. 2 (1997): C501—C510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.2.c501.
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The influence of muscle oxidative capacity on phosphocreatine (PCr) changes during and after stimulation was examined in the superficial (fast-twitch) section of rat gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle mitochondrial enzymes were increased in one group of rats by 8-10 wk of training on a running wheel (to a final regimen of 50 min/day at 38 m/min, 5 days/wk) and decreased in another group by chemical thyroidectomy [0.025% methimazole (MMI) in drinking water for 8 wk]. After these treatments, muscle citrate synthase activity was 179 and 29%, respectively, of that in corresponding control groups. Muscle PCr and pH were measured by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy before, during, and after 8 min of isometric twitch stimulation at 0.33 Hz (MMI) or 0.75 Hz (trained) and 2 Hz. There was a significant linear correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.01) between the rate constant for PCr recovery after submaximal stimulation (0.33 or 0.75 Hz) and citrate synthase activity. Within the control groups, there was a significant correlation (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) between the rate constant for PCr recovery and intracellular pH at the end of stimulation. The results are quantitatively consistent with linear/quasilinear models of respiratory control by the cytoplasmic free energy of ATP hydrolysis but not with respiratory control by cytoplasmic ADP.
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Mueller, Kathryn, and Christopher R. Brigham. "Impairment Tutorial: Hearing Impairment." Guides Newsletter 8, no. 2 (2003): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2003.marapr03.
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Abstract A 1999 study of adults showed hearing loss was the fifth most common disability in the US population, and almost 50% of workers in carpentry, plumbing, and mining had hearing impairment. Determining hearing impairment according to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, Section 11.2a, Criteria for Rating Impairment Due to Hearing Loss, is straightforward, if limited. Examiners should be aware that hearing can be temporarily impaired by recent exposure to loud noise and should test only after an extended period without such exposure. Audiometers should be properly calibrated, and technicians must be appropriately trained to obtain accurate measurements. The evaluator should separately test both of the individual's ears at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 3000 Hz (the representative or test frequencies) and then identify the total worst ear decibel level using the AMA Guides Table 11-1 or 11-2. The evaluator can use Tale 11-3 to convert hearing impairment to whole person loss. Tinnitus also can be rated if a hearing loss in that ear affects speech discrimination; in such instances, the tinnitus rating is limited to a 5% loss. The article includes a Hearing Impairment Rating Sheet that can be used to record data from the hearing impairment evaluation.