Journal articles: 'Hypodox'

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Eldridge-Smith, Peter. "The Liar Hypodox: A Truth-Teller’s Guide to Defusing Proofs of the Liar Paradox." Open Journal of Philosophy 09, no. 02 (2019): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2019.92011.

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Billon, Alexandre. "Paradoxical hypodoxes." Synthese 196, no. 12 (February 16, 2018): 5205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1711-1.

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Heinemann, Lutz, Dorothee Deiss, Norbert Hermanns, Claudia Graham, Matthias Kaltheuner, Andreas Liebl, and David Price. "HypoDE." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2015): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296815575999.

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Shintiavira, Herni, Mochdar Soedarjo, Suryawati Suryawati, and Budi Winarto. "Studi Pengaruh Substitusi Hara Makro dan Mikro Media MS dengan Pupuk Majemuk dalam Kultur In Vitro Krisan." Jurnal Hortikultura 22, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n4.2012.p334-341.

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Studi substitusi hara makro dan mikro media Murashige & Skoog (MS) menggunakan pupuk majemuk untuk meningkatkan efisiensi kultur in vitro krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora) dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kebun Percobaan Cipanas, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dari Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Aplikasi pupuk majemuk sebagai substitusi hara makro-mikro MS diharapkan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi benih melalui kultur in vitro, khususnya dalam penyediaan media tanam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas dan kombinasi pupuk majemuk dalam meningkatkan efisiensi aplikasi kultur in vitro krisan. Varietas yang diuji ialah D. grandiflora cv. Dwina Kencana dan Pasopati, sementara pupuk majemuk yang digunakan ialah Hyponex Hijau (20:20:20), Hyponex Merah (25:5:20), dan Growmore (32:10:10) dengan komposisi uji (1) media ½ MS + 0,1 mg/l indole acetic acid (IAA) sebagai kontrol, (2) 1 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (3) 2 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (4) 3 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA 0,1, (5) 1 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (6) 2 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (7) 3 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (8) 1 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (9) 2 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA, dan (10) 3 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis varietas dan media kultur berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan kultur in vitro krisan. Varietas Dwina Kencana memiliki respons pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibanding varietas Pasopati. Konsentrasi 3 g/l Hyponex Hijau yang ditambah dengan 0,1 mg/l IAA merupakan medium pengganti medium ½ MS terbaik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan eksplan pada Dwina Kencana maupun Pasopati. Pada umur 8 minggu setelah kultur, perlakuan tersebut memberikan rerata terbaik jumlah daun, jumlah nodus, jumlah akar, panjang akar, dan berat basah planlet. Aplikasi medium tersebut mampu menekan biaya penyediaan medium kultur per liter hingga 34,7% dibanding biaya penyediaan medium ½ MS yang mencapai Rp6.561,00 per liter. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap efisiensi biaya produksi kultur in vitro krisan, khususnya terkait dengan penyediaan media kultur.

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Raynalta, Erick, and Dewi Sukma. "Pengaruh Komposisi Media dalam Perbanyakan Protocorm Like Bodies, Pertumbuhan Planlet, dan Aklimatisasi Phalaenopsis amabilis." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2015): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.4.3.131-139.

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ABSTRACTPhalaenopsis amabilis orchid is one of the most popular species of orchids and was inaugurated as one of the national flower ' Puspa Pesona'. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various tissue culture media composition on Protocorm Like Bodies (PLBs) multiplication, growth of plantlets, and acclimatization of Phalaenopsis amabilis. Basic medium used was a half strengh of Murashige and Skoog (1/2MS) and Hyponex with additional coconut water, benzyladeninepurine, and chitosan. In PLBs multiplication experiments , ½ MS + 15% coconut water medium produces the highest percentage of survival rate. ½ MS + 15% coconut water medium and Hyponex 2 g L-1+ 15% coconut water + 2.5 ppm chitosan medium gave the best effect on the fresh weight of plantlets. The composition of the culture medium significantly affect the fresh weight and length of root on 8 WAP (week after planting) in the acclimatization stage.Key words: benzyladeninepurine, chitosan, coconut water, Hyponex, tissue cultureABSTRAKPhalaenopsis amabilis yang dikenal dengan nama anggrek bulan merupakan salah satu jenisanggrek yang paling populer dan dinobatkan sebagai salah satu bunga nasional dengan sebutan ‘Puspa Pesona’. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai komposisi media kultur jaringan dalam perbanyakan Protocorm Like Bodies (PLBs), pertumbuhan planlet, dan aklimatisasi Phalaenopsis amabilis. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah setengah konsentrasi media Murashige dan Skoog (1/2MS) dan Hyponex dengan tambahan air kelapa, benziladeninpurin (BAP), dan kitosan. Pada percobaan perbanyakan PLBs, media ½ MS + 15% air kelapa menghasilkan persentase hidup tertinggi. Media ½ MS + 15% air kelapa dan Hyponex 2 g L-1+ 15% AK + 2.5 ppm kitosanmemberikan respon terbaik terhadap bobot planlet. Komposisi media kultur berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot segar dan panjang akar pada 8-MST (minggu setelah tanam) dalam tahap aklimatisasi.Kata kunci: benzylaminopurin, kitosan, air kelapa, Hyponex, kultur jaringan

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Okubo, S., and J. P. Mortola. "Control of ventilation in adult rats hypoxic in the neonatal period." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): R836—R841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r836.

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Three groups of 50-day-old (i.e., postpuberty) rats have been studied: controls, rats exposed to 6 days of hypoxia [inspired fraction of O2 (FIo2) = 10% O2] when newborn (Nb-Hypox), and rats exposed to the same level and duration of hypoxia after weaning (Ad-Hypox). Ventilation during normoxic breathing was higher in Nb-Hypox than in controls or Ad-Hypox. The ventilatory response to acute hypoxia (10 min of 10% O2) was about one-half in Nb-Hypox than in the other two groups. Additional measurements performed on Nb-Hypox and controls showed minimal or no differences between the two groups in the ventilatory responses to hyperoxia and hypercapnia, heart rate and blood pressure at various FIO2, and blood biochemistry. Analysis of the Hering-Breuer reflexes, during barbiturate anesthesia, suggested a decreased central inhibition on inspiratory activity in Nb-Hypox, which with a lower sensitivity to inputs from the peripheral chemoreceptors may contribute to the normoxic hyperventilation and the blunted response to acute hypoxia. The ventilatory patterns of Nb-Hypox rats bear numerous similarities with those of high-altitude natives and could suggest that the highlander's ventilatory responses are not genetic characteristics but relate to chronic hypoxia early in life.

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Hofman, W. F., and I. C. Ehrhart. "Pulmonary vascular reactivity and permeability to alveolar hypoxia in the dog." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 1828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.5.1828.

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Hemodynamics and vascular permeability were studied during acute alveolar hypoxia in isolated canine lung lobes perfused at constant flow with autogenous blood. Hypoxia was induced in the presence (COI + Hypox, n = 6) or absence (Hypox, n = 6) of cyclooxygenase inhibition (COI) with indomethacin or meclofenamate. Hypoxic ventilation reduced blood PO2 from 143 to 25-29 Torr without a change in PCO2. During hypoxia a capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) was obtained gravimetrically as an index of vascular permeability to water. In COI + Hypox, pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) increased from 11.5 +/- 0.7, post-COI normoxia, to a peak of 22.1 +/- 2.3 during hypoxia (P less than 0.01) without a change in capillary pressure (Pc). In contrast, hypoxia changed neither Pa nor Pc in Hypox relative to an untreated normoxic control group (Normox, n = 6, P greater than 0.05). Kfs (means +/- SE in ml.min-1.Torr-1.100 g-1) for Normox (0.070 +/- 0.014), Hypox (0.082 +/- 0.024), and COI + Hypox (0.057 +/- 0.017) did not differ from one another (P greater than 0.05). Although COI markedly enhanced the pressor response to acute alveolar hypoxia, hypoxia increased neither Pc nor vascular permeability regardless of COI.

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Rothwell, N. J., and M. J. Stock. "Thermogenesis and BAT activity in hypophysectomized rats with and without corticotropin replacement." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 249, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): E333—E336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.4.e333.

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Surgical hypophysectomy (Hypox) suppressed body weight, body energy gain, and net energetic efficiency when compared with pair-fed, sham-operated controls but caused marked increases in the thermic response to food, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, protein content, and BAT thermogenic activity (estimated from mitochondrial purine nucleotide binding). Chronic replacement of Hypox rats with ACTH restored adrenal weight, plasma corticosterone levels, body energy gain, energetic efficiency, and the thermic response to food to normal. However, the Hypox-replaced animals were apparently fatter (greater carcass energy density) and retained a greater mass of brown fat than controls. Purine nucleotide binding to BAT mitochondria was lower in the ACTH-replaced group than in Hypox rats but remained above the level in controls. These data indicate that hypophysectomy stimulates thermogenesis, probably as a result of decreased adrenal steroid release. However, ACTH does not totally prevent the effects of Hypox, and an involvement of other pituitary hormones and/or hypothalamic-releasing factors cannot be excluded.

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Araujo, Sebastián, Liliana Troncoso, and Mario Ruiz. "Relocalización por dobles diferencias del cluster sísmico de Pisayambo." La Granja 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n10.2009.03.

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En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la relocalización de sismos relacionados con el cluster sísmico de Pisayambo, provincia de Tungurahua en Ecuador. Se utiliza el programa hypoDD basado en el método de dobles diferencias. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen evidencia sobre eventos en Pisayambo que definen una región caótica de focos sísmicos superficiales. Este trabajo es una muestra importante del funcionamiento del program hypoDD para el caso de problemas sísmicos altamente no lineales y subdeterminados.

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Delvian, Delvian. "Pengaruh Spesies Inang dan Sumber Nutrisi Terhadap Produksi Spora Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 10, no. 2 (November 20, 2012): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.10.2.70-72.

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An experiment to study the effect of host species and source of nutrient on spore production of an ArbusculeMycorrhizal Fungus, Gigaspora margarita, has been carried out. Combination treatments studied consisted ofhost species (Zea mays and Pueraria javanica) and nutrient factor (no fertilizer, fertilizer and Red Hyponex).Growth medium used was a mix of soil and sand in 1: 1 ratio (v/v) which was sterilized. Results of the experimentshowed that spore production of G. margarita was affected by host species and also by nutrient applied, thoughthere was no interaction between the two factors. However, P. javanica produced more spore than Z. mays.Treatment with Red Hyponex result much higher spores than others, but however without fertilizer produced morespores than Urea, TSP and KCl fertilizers.

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Uemura, Shuji, Katsutoshi Tanno, and Suguru Hirayama. "A Case of Methemoglobinemia by Hyponex in Toxication." Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 18, no. 10 (2007): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.18.713.

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Dietz, J. R., and S. J. Nazian. "Release of atrial natriuretic factor in hypophysectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): R534—R538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.4.r534.

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The purpose of these studies was to examine the effect of hypophysectomy (HYPOX) on the secretion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and related changes in renal function. Pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats received a 20% intravenous blood volume expansion. In intact rats (n = 7), plasma ANF was 39 +/- 3 pg/ml before volume expansion and increased to 71 +/- 10 and 77 +/- 7 pg/ml after volume expansion (P less than 0.01). Volume expansion in HYPOX rats (n = 8) also resulted in an increase in plasma ANF concentration that was significantly less than in the intact group. With volume expansion, sodium excretion rate increased from 0.19 +/- 0.06 to 1.43 +/- 0.43 microM. min-1.100 g body wt-1 (P less than 0.01) in intact rats and from 0.24 +/- 0.08 to 0.74 +/- 0.14 microM.min-1.100 g body wt-1 (P less than 0.05) in HYPOX rats (HYPOX less than intact; P less than 0.05). In an isolated heart-lung preparation, HYPOX rats secreted significantly less ANF than intact rats during two 30-min perfusion periods (P less than 0.02). Atrial ANF concentration was also significantly less in HYPOX rats (P less than 0.05). These results show that hypophysectomy leads to an attenuation of the ANF response to atrial distention and attenuated natriuretic response to blood volume expansion and suggest that the pituitary is required to maintain normal cardiac endocrine function.

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Campos-Rodríguez, Rafael, Andrés Quintanar-Stephano, Rosa Adriana Jarillo-Luna, Gabriela Oliver-Aguillón, Javier Ventura-Juárez, Victor Rivera-Aguilar, Istvan Berczi, and Kalman Kovacs. "Hypophysectomy and Neurointermediate Pituitary Lobectomy Reduce Serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and Intestinal IgA Responses to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Rats." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 3 (March 2006): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.3.1883-1889.2006.

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ABSTRACT The influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals has been reported. Hypophysectomy (HYPOX) in the rat causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, reduction of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption, and increased susceptibility to infections. To our knowledge, there are no studies on the humoral immune response of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue after HYPOX. We have reported that decreased secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin due to neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) diminishes humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. However, no data have been published on whether NIL can affect intestinal immune responses. We analyzed the effects of HYPOX and NIL on bacterial colonization of the intestinal lumen, Peyer's patches, and spleen as well as the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and specific intestinal IgA levels in response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium oral infection. Results showed the following: (i) Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was eliminated from the intestinal lumen at the same rate in rats that underwent a sham operation, HYPOX, and NIL; (ii) Salmonella serovar Typhimurium colonization of Peyer's patches and spleen was significantly higher in both HYPOX and NIL rats than in sham-operated rats; (iii) serum IgG and IgM and intestinal IgA against surface proteins of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium were significantly lower in HYPOX and NIL rats than in sham-operated rats; and (iv) compared to NIL rats, higher Peyer's patch and spleen bacterial colonization and decreased IgG, IgM, and IgA production were observed in HYPOX rats. We conclude that hormones from each pituitary lobe affect the systemic and gastrointestinal humoral immune responses through different mechanisms.

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Jarry, H., W. Elger, E. Düker, and W. Wuttke. "Pituitary-dependent effects of estradiol-17-β catecholamine turnover rates, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations in various hypothalamic and limbic brain structures." Acta Endocrinologica 118, no. 4 (August 1988): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1180538.

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Abstract. Estrogens exert many effects in a variety of hypothalamic and mesolimbic structures. Whether the actions of the estrogens are direct or indirect, possibly involving anterior pituitary hormones, is largely unknown. We therefore studied catecholamine turnover rates, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations in various hypothalamic and mesolimbic structures in estrogen-treated hypophysectomized (hypox) rats and compared the measured parameters with those in sham hypophysectomized (sham) animals. Results clearly demonstrate that many of the effects of estrogen require an intact pituitary. Dopamine turnover rates in hypox rats were significantly reduced in the hypothalamus and the striatum, whereas they increased in the medial septum and medial preoptic area in comparison with sham rats. Norepinephrine turnover rates were reduced in the anterior mediobasal hypothalamus, somatosensory cortex and the nucleus accumbens of hypox animals in comparison with the sham-operated animals. In contrast, norepinephrine turnover was accelerated in the mediocortical amygdala and posterior medial basal hypothalamus of hypox rats. A significant reduction of epinephrine turnover was evident in the nucleus accumbens of hypox rats. Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations increased in the medial septum, anterior and posterior part of the mediobasal hypothalamus, but decreased in the mediocortical amygdala of hypox animals. Concentrations of glutamate were also decreased in the mediocortical amygdala in hypox animals. These results indicate that many direct effects of estrogens in the brain are accompanied by indirect effects which require an intact pituitary. Such effects can best be explained by the estrogen-stimulated high blood prolactin levels, but cannot be ruled out that estrogens act in the brain but require high prolactin levels for their action.

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Tajima, Y., K. Kato, S. Maruyama, and K. Hosoi. "In vivo modulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in growth plate chondrocytes from normal, hypophysectomized, growth hormone-treated hypophysectomized rats: a comparative immunohistochemical study with image analysis." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 7 (July 1996): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.7.8675992.

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Growth hormone (GH) regulates the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal growth plate, in which a temporal dimension is superimposed on the septal organization of the tissue. In this study we investigated the in vivo effects of hypophysectomy (Hypox) and injection of GH into Hypox animals (Hypox + GH) on the proliferative activity of the growth plate chondrocytes. We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in paraffin-embedded tissues, using monoclonal antibody PC 10 against PCNA combined with immunogold-silver staining. We subjected the immunostained sections to computer-based image analysis by ACAS 570 interactive laser cytometry employing a conventional microscopic light source. Hypox was carried out on 20 rats at 8 weeks of age, half of which received a hypodermic injection of human GH at a dose of 1 IU/kg twice a day for 1 week after the operation. Another group of five rats of the same age were used as normal controls. In normal rats, a distinct PCNA immunoreaction was observed in the proliferative zone, whereas a remarkable diminution of the number of immunoreactive cells in this zone was apparent in Hypox animals. On the other hand, marked hyperplasia of PCNA-positive cells was seen in the proliferative zone of the Hypox + GH rat growth plate. The immunoreactive cells of this zone in Hypox + GH animals exhibited increased nuclear size and staining intensity of PCNA compared with those in normal and Hypox rats. These findings were further confirmed by computer-based image analysis of the specimens in terms of cell integrated value, area, perimeter, and shape factor. These different patterns of PCNA expression may imply that GH specifically promotes the proliferation phase of the chondrocytes in the proliferative zone. The data also suggest that GH influences not only cell replication activity but also cell kinetics of chondrocytes in the growth plate during their lifespan.

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Yamamoto, H., and L. J. Murphy. "Enzymatic conversion of IGF-I to des(1–3)IGF-I in rat serum and tissues: a further potential site of growth hormone regulation of IGF-I action." Journal of Endocrinology 146, no. 1 (July 1995): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1460141.

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Abstract We recently identified and characterized a protease present in rat serum which is capable of generating des(1–3)IGF-I. In this study, we have investigated the effects of GH deficiency and replacement on the activity of this protease in rat serum and tissue extracts. Protease activity was significantly higher in sera from hypophysectomized (hypox) rats than sham-operated rats (P<0·001) and GH treatment of hypox rats (human GH, 100 μg/100 g body weight i.p. for 10 days) significantly reduced the levels towards normal. The addition of IGF-I to hypox rat serum to achieve IGF-I concentrations comparable with or greater than that seen in normal rat serum had no effect on the measured protease activity. Protease activity was also detected in tissue extracts. The level of protease activity in the various tissues from sham-operated rats demonstrated the following order: liver>testes>heart> skeletal muscle>lung>thymus>kidney>brain>spleen. In all tissue extracts examined, except that from the lung, the levels of protease activity were higher in extracts from hypox rats compared with sham-operated rats. The largest differences between tissue extracts from hypox and shamoperated rats were seen in spleen (4-fold higher), kidney (2·27-fold), testes (1·55-fold) and heart (1·31-fold). In the liver, kidney and testes, GH treatment significantly reduced protease activity. Since the pattern of serum IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) differ in hypox rats compared with normal rats, we determined whether these changes could result in enhanced serum binding of des(1–3)IGF-I. Sera from hypox, GH-treated hypox and sham-operated rats were incubated with either 125I-IGF-I or 125I-des(1–3)IGF-I and analyzed by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. Under the conditions used, 125I-des(1–3)IGF-I was recovered exclusively in the 7·5 kDa peak when incubated with serum from sham-operated rats. After incubation with sera from hypox or GH-treated hypox rats approximately 20% of the 125I-des(1–3)IGF-I was recovered in the 50 kDa peak with the remaining radioactivity recovered as free peptide. These observations suggest that the generation of des(1–3)IGF-I may be inversely regulated by GH and may represent yet another site of GH regulation of IGF-I action. The changes in the pattern of serum IGFBPs which occur in GH deficiency are unlikely to negate the enhanced generation of des(1–3)IGF-I by increasing binding capacity for this IGF-I variant. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 141–148

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Romer, Lee M., Hans C. Haverkamp, Markus Amann, Andrew T. Lovering, David F. Pegelow, and Jerome A. Dempsey. "Effect of acute severe hypoxia on peripheral fatigue and endurance capacity in healthy humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 1 (January 2007): R598—R606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00269.2006.

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We hypothesized that severe hypoxia limits exercise performance via decreased contractility of limb locomotor muscles. Nine male subjects [mean ± SE maximum O2 uptake (V̇o2 max) = 56.5 ± 2.7 ml·kg−1·min−1] cycled at ≥90% V̇o2 max to exhaustion in normoxia [NORM-EXH; inspired O2 fraction (FiO2) = 0.21, arterial O2 saturation (SpO2) = 93 ± 1%] and hypoxia (HYPOX-EXH; FiO2 = 0.13, SpO2 = 76 ± 1%). The subjects also exercised in normoxia for a time equal to that achieved in hypoxia (NORM-CTRL; SpO2 = 96 ± 1%). Quadriceps twitch force, in response to supramaximal single (nonpotentiated and potentiated 1 Hz) and paired magnetic stimuli of the femoral nerve (10–100 Hz), was assessed pre- and at 2.5, 35, and 70 min postexercise. Hypoxia exacerbated exercise-induced peripheral fatigue, as evidenced by a greater decrease in potentiated twitch force in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-CTRL (−39 ± 4 vs. −24 ± 3%, P < 0.01). Time to exhaustion was reduced by more than two-thirds in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-EXH (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 13.4 ± 0.8 min, P < 0.01); however, peripheral fatigue was not different in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-EXH (−34 ± 4 vs. −39 ± 4%, P > 0.05). Blood lactate concentration and perceptions of limb discomfort were higher throughout HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-CTRL but were not different at end-exercise in HYPOX-EXH vs. NORM-EXH. We conclude that severe hypoxia exacerbates peripheral fatigue of limb locomotor muscles and that this effect may contribute, in part, to the early termination of exercise.

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Heininger, U., and M. Richter. "Rezidivierende hypoton-hyporesponsive Episoden nach DTa P-Hib-Impfung." Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146, no. 10 (October 23, 1998): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050354.

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Shintiavira, H., I. Rahmawati, and Budi Winarto. "Aplikasi Modifikasi Media Generik Dalam Produksi Bibit Krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) Berkualitas Melalui Kultur In Vitro." Jurnal Hortikultura 24, no. 3 (May 12, 2016): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v24n3.2014.p220-229.

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Aplikasi media generik yang lebih murah menggantikan media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang mahal dan tetap mampu menghasilkan bibit krisan berkualitas secara masal memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap efisiensi produksi benih secara in vitro. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan media generik yang optimal untuk produksi benih berkualitas pada beberapa varietas krisan secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Cipanas pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2011. Perlakuan varietas dan media disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama varietas krisan yaitu Ratnahapsari, Kusumapatria, Cintamani, Sasikirana, dan Kusumaswasti. Faktor kedua adalah modifikasi media generik yaitu (1) ½ MS + 0,1 mg/l IAA sebagai kontrol, (2) 3 g/l Hyponex (20N:20K:20P) + vitamin MS + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (3) 3 g/l Hyponex (20N:20K:20P) dengan 50% air kelapa, (4) 3 g/l Hyponex (20N:20K:20P) + 0,1 mg/l vitamin B kompleks teknis + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (5) 2 g/l Gandasil D + vitamin MS + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (6) 2 g/l Gandasil D dengan 50% air kelapa, (7) 2 g/l Gandasil D + 0,1 mg/l vitamin B kompleks teknis + 0,1 mg/l IAA, dan (8) ½ MS dengan bahan teknis + 0,1 mg/l vitamin B kompleks teknis + 0,1 mg/l IAA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ratnahapsari merupakan varietas yang paling responsif dalam kultur in vitro dan memiliki tinggi tunas hingga 7,2 cm dengan 7,5 jumlah daun per tunas, 4,0 akar per tunas dan 4,6 cm panjang akar, sementara 3 g/ l Hyponex + 0,1 mg/l vitamin B kompleks teknis + 0,1 mg/l IAA (M63) merupakan media generik yang paling sesuai untuk menggantikan media MS yang menghasilkan planlet dengan tinggi tunas hingga 7,0 cm, 8,8 jumlah daun per tunas, 3,5 akar per tunas, dan 6,9 cm panjang akar dengan efisiensi biaya sebesar 52,38%. Pada tahap aklimatisasi Sasikirana memberikan hasil yang baik dengan tinggi tanaman mencapai 9,2 cm, 10 daun per tanaman, 5,5 akar per tanaman, dan 7,9 cm panjang akar. Media kultur in vitro krisan menggunakan MG3 merupakan media pertumbuhan terbaik ketika diaklimatisasi menggunakan arang sekam dengan tinggi tanaman mencapai 10,2 cm, 10,4 daun per tanaman, 6,8 akar per tanaman, dan 6,1 cm panjang akar. Keberhasilan aklimatisasi planlet krisan pada kondisi ex vitro berkisar antara 74–99%.

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King, B. M., and R. L. Smith. "Hypothalamic obesity after hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy: dependence on corticosterone." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 249, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): R522—R526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1985.249.5.r522.

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Recent studies have found that the hyperphagia and obesity resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are both reversed and prevented by complete adrenalectomy. Several previous experiments, however, reported little or no suppression of VMH weight gain in hypophysectomized (HYPOX) rats. This study directly compared the effects of hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy on hypothalamic obesity in adult female rats. Complete adrenalectomy (i.e, stress-induced plasma corticosterone less than 1.0 micrograms/dl) totally suppressed abnormal weight gain in the first 20 days after VMH lesions but did not affect intracranial self-stimulation. Hypophysectomy also resulted in suppression of weight gain, but the HYPOX-VMH rats nevertheless gained significantly more weight than HYPOX rats with sham lesions. However, the HYPOX-VMH animals had very low levels of plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (from residual pituitary tissue or of diencephalic origin), and incompletely adrenalectomized rats with similar low levels of plasma corticosterone gained an equal amount of weight after VMH lesions. It was concluded that adrenal glucocorticoid hormones play a largely permissive role in the VMH syndrome, with only very small levels required for the manifestation of obesity.

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Bachmann, Robert M. "Kneipp-Therapie: Ganzheitliches Therapiekonzept im Aufwind." Erfahrungsheilkunde 69, no. 02 (April 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1134-3649.

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ZusammenfassungDie Kneipp-Therapie bildet ein ganzheitliches Lebensstilkonzept mit den Elementen Hydro-, Ordnungs-, Ernährungs-, Bewegungs- und Heilpflanzentherapie. Es eignet sich hervorragend zur Prävention, aber auch zur Behandlung zahlreicher gesundheitlicher Störungen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick mit Fokus auf der Hydrotherapie. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel illustriert die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten und das Vorgehen beim hypoton-orthostatischen Symptomenkomplex.

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Subudhi, Andrew W., Andrew C. Dimmen, and Robert C. Roach. "Effects of acute hypoxia on cerebral and muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (July 2007): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01460.2006.

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To determine if fatigue at maximal aerobic power output was associated with a critical decrease in cerebral oxygenation, 13 male cyclists performed incremental maximal exercise tests (25 W/min ramp) under normoxic (Norm: 21% FiO2) and acute hypoxic (Hypox: 12% FiO2) conditions. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor concentration (μM) changes of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin (Δ[O2Hb], Δ[HHb]) in the left vastus lateralis muscle and frontal cerebral cortex. Changes in total Hb were calculated (Δ[THb] = Δ[O2Hb] + Δ[HHb]) and used as an index of change in regional blood volume. Repeated-measures ANOVA were performed across treatments and work rates (α = 0.05). During Norm, cerebral oxygenation rose between 25 and 75% peak power output {Powerpeak; increased (inc) Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ[HHb], inc. Δ[THb]}, but fell from 75 to 100% Powerpeak {decreased (dec) Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ[HHb], no change Δ[THb]}. In contrast, during Hypox, cerebral oxygenation dropped progressively across all work rates (dec. Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ[HHb]), whereas Δ[THb] again rose up to 75% Powerpeak and remained constant thereafter. Changes in cerebral oxygenation during Hypox were larger than Norm. In muscle, oxygenation decreased progressively throughout exercise in both Norm and Hypox (dec. Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ [HHb], inc. Δ[THb]), although Δ[O2Hb] was unchanged between 75 and 100% Powerpeak. Changes in muscle oxygenation were also greater in Hypox compared with Norm. On the basis of these findings, it is unlikely that changes in cerebral oxygenation limit incremental exercise performance in normoxia, yet it is possible that such changes play a more pivotal role in hypoxia.

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Hammersen, Johanna, Markus Bettendorf, Walter Bonfig, Eckhard Schönau, Katharina Warncke, Alexander J. Eckert, Susanne Fricke-Otto, Katja Palm, Reinhard W. Holl, and Joachim Woelfle. "Twenty years of newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and congenital primary hypothyroidism – experiences from the DGKED/AQUAPE study group for quality improvement in Germany." Medizinische Genetik 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/medgen-2022-2114.

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Abstract Congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are targeted by the German and Austrian newborn screening. For both diseases, there are registries for quality improvement, based on standardized observational data from long-term patient follow-up, under the auspices of the DGKED study group. By September 2021, the CH registry HypoDOK includes datasets from 23,348 visits of 1,840 patients, and the CAH registry contains datasets from 36,237 visits of 1,976 patients. Here, we report on the recruitment process, patient characteristics, and research contributions from the registries, and underline that the registries are an important tool to improve patient care and outcomes. Registries for rare conditions should thus be considered as an important public health measure and they should be adequately institutionalized and funded.

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Sümpelmann, Robert, Rolf Zander, and Lars Witt. "Perioperative Infusionstherapie bei Kindern." AINS - Anästhesiologie · Intensivmedizin · Notfallmedizin · Schmerztherapie 55, no. 05 (May 2020): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1068-8566.

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ZusammenfassungDas Ziel der perioperativen Infusionstherapie ist die Aufrechterhaltung der normalen physiologischen Verhältnisse. Seit Jahrzehnten werden die Zusammensetzung (hypoton oder isoton) und die Art der Infusionslösungen (Kristalloid oder Kolloid) kontrovers diskutiert. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt geschichtliche und aktuelle Entwicklungen vor und leitet pragmatische Empfehlungen ab, die bei der täglichen Versorgung der Kinder im OP einfach und sicher umgesetzt werden können.

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Obal, F., R. Floyd, L. Kapas, B. Bodosi, and J. M. Krueger. "Effects of systemic GHRH on sleep in intact and hypophysectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): E230—E237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.2.e230.

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The role of pituitary growth hormone (GH) in the mediation of enhanced sleep elicited by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) was studied in the rat. Intact and hypophysectomized (HYPOX) rats received systemic injections of GHRH or physiological saline. GHRH (0.5, 5.0, or 50 micrograms/kg in the intact rats and 0.5 or 50 micrograms/kg in HYPOX rats) was injected 6 h after light onset (P.M. injection) or just before light onset (A.M. injection, 0.5 microgram/kg in both A.M. groups). Sleep-wake activity and brain cortical temperature were recorded for 23 h (12 h light + 11 h dark). A.M. injection of GHRH did not alter sleep in normal or HYPOX rats. Each dose of P.M. GHRH increased rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) during 6 h postinjection in the intact rats. Hypophysectomy abolished the REMS-promoting activity of GHRH. P.M. injection of 0.5 microgram/kg GHRH increased non-REM sleep (NREMS) and enhanced electroencephalogram slow-wave activity during NREMS in both the intact and the HYPOX rats. The NREMS-promoting activity disappeared when the dose of GHRH was increased in the intact rats, whereas a tendency to enhanced NREMS was still observed after 50 micrograms/kg GHRH in the HYPOX rats. GHRH stimulated GH secretion dose dependently in the intact rats. A.M. injection of 0.5 microgram/kg GHRH tended to be less effective in stimulating GH release than the same dose administered P.M. The results confirm the time-of-day variations in the GHRH effects on sleep previously reported in human subjects. It is likely that pituitary GH is involved in the mediation of the REMS-promoting activity of GHRH but not in the NREMS-promoting activity of GHRH. Nevertheless, the results do not exclude the possibility that GH may modulate NREMS.

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Davidson, Alec J., and Friedrich K. Stephan. "Feeding-entrained circadian rhythms in hypophysectomized rats with suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): R1376—R1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.5.r1376.

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Several pituitary hormones are important in the regulation of metabolism, and their release appears to be controlled by a circadian clock. Consequently, they may be involved in feeding-entrained circadian rhythms. Hypophysectomized (Hypox) and sham-operated male Sprague-Dawley rats had access to food for 4 h each day. Food-anticipatory activity (FAA) and core body temperature (Tb) were monitored. Both groups entrained to the daily meal with an increase in activity in the 4 h preceding meal access and quickly reentrained after an 8-h phase advance of food access. FAA was not disrupted in either group after suprachiasmatic lesions were added. Core Tb increased in the sham-operated subjects before mealtime, but Hypox rats failed to show this effect. Rather, Tb declined during anticipation and throughout the food access period. Respiratory quotient (RQ), an indirect measure of metabolic rate, was measured for 24 h in some subjects. Sham-operated rats showed a dramatic downturn in RQ 1 h before mealtime, whereas Hypox rats showed a steadily decreasing RQ throughout the day. The results show that the pituitary hormones are not necessary for FAA and that in Hypox rats the anticipatory rise in Tb and changes in RQ become dissociated from anticipatory behavior, indicating that these functions are separate outputs of the food-entrainable circadian oscillator.

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Matejek, Nicola, Sascha R. Tittel, Holger Haberland, Tilman Rohrer, Eva-Maria Busemann, Norbert Jorch, Karl-Otfried Schwab, Joachim Wölfle, Reinhard W. Holl, and Markus Bettendorf. "Predictors of transient congenital primary hypothyroidism: data from the German registry for congenital hypothyroidism (AQUAPE “HypoDok”)." European Journal of Pediatrics 180, no. 8 (March 25, 2021): 2401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04031-0.

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AbstractNeonatal screening for congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) may not distinguish between transient (TCH) and permanent dysfunction (PCH), causing potential overtreatment and concerns in affected families. To specify the indication for interruption of therapy, we analysed the German registry “HypoDok” for infants with CH, which oversees 1625 patients from 49 participating centres in Germany and Austria from 1997 until today. A total of 357 patients with a thyroid gland in loco typico were identified and retrospectively grouped according to cessation (TCH, n = 24) or continuation (PCH, n = 333) of l-thyroxine (l-T4) treatment at 2 years of age. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify cutoffs predicting TCH by screening TSH concentrations and l-T4 dosages. Gestational ages, birth weights and prevalence of associated malformations were comparable in both groups. The cutoff screening TSH concentration was 73 mU/L. The cutoff daily l-T4 dosage at 1 year was 3.1 μg/kg (90% sensitivity, 63% specificity; 36 μg/day) and at 2 years of age 2.95 μg/kg (91% sensitivity, 59% specificity; 40 μg/day). At 2 years of age, specificity (71%) increased when both of these parameters were considered together.Conclusion: The decision to continue or cease l-T4 treatment at 2 years of age in CH patients diagnosed in neonatal screening may be based on their screening TSH concentrations and individual l-T4 dosages at 1 and 2 years of age. Thus, TCH and PCH may be distinguished; overtreatment avoided; and affected families reassured. What is Known:• The course of congenital primary hypothyroidism may be transient, causing potential overtreatment.• The dose ofl-thyroxine at 1 or 2 years of age may predict a transient course of primary congenital hypothyroidism. What is New:• TSH screening concentration andl-thyroxine dosages at 1 and 2 years of age represent reliable predictors for transient congenital primary hypothyroidism with higher sensitivity and specificity when considered together in order to select eligible patients who qualify for treatment withdrawal.

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Sävendahl, L. S. G., K. Grankvist, and K. G. Engström. "Growth Hormone Deficiency Impairs Blood Clotting and Reduces Factor VII Coagulant Activity in Rat." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 73, no. 04 (1995): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1653832.

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SummaryTo investigate pituitary effects on the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, female rats were hypophysectomized (hypox) and treated with growth hormone (GH), cortisone, thyroxine, vitamin K, or saline. After 11 days of treatment, the prothrombin time, platelet count, and factors II, VII, IX, and X were determined. The prothrombin time was 52.9 ± 1.2% for control rats and 39.1 ± 0.8% for hypox rats (mean ± SEM; p<0.001). All factors decreased after hypophysectomy, reaching significance for factor VII (from 264 ± 23% to 131 ± 9%; p <0.001) and factor IX (from 28.4 ± 2.2% to 17.1 ± 2.5%; p<0.01) while the platelet count was unaffected. When hypox rats were treated with GH, the prothrombin time increased to 50.9 ± 1.0% (p <0.001) and factor VII to 299 ± 10% (p<0.001). Factor II, IX, and X were slightly increased after GH substitution but not after cortisone, thyroxine, or vitamin K treatment. To summarize, GH is of importance for normal hemostasis in the female rat.

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Rianawati, S., I. B. Rahardjo, and Musalamah. "Effect of an Organic and Inorganic Foliar Fertilizer, Time and Fertilization Frequencies on Dendrobium Growth." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 978, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/978/1/012011.

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Abstract Among many factors of cultivation succeed, fertilization is the most important supporting for Dendrobium cultivation. This experiment was conducted to evaluate an organic foliar fertilizer “Bio Super Sugima” the local product of fish extract and inorganic foliar fertilizers “Hyponex 20:20;20”, time and fertilization frequencies on two young plant Dendrobium cultivars G1 (BALITHI CF022.27) and G2 (Clone 22.25). Experimental activities were conducted at location which has altitude 100 meters above sea level. The treatments of time were at 8 a.m, as a standart fertilization (T1), (T2) at 6-7 a.m once a week; (T3) 5-6 p.m once a week; (T4) 6-7 a.m twice a week; (T5) 5-6 p.m twice a week; (T6) combination morning at 6-7 a.m and evening at 5-6 p.m once a week. Among these attributes, length of pseudobulb, number of leaves/pseudobulb, length of leaf, width of leaf and number of shoot were measured three times with interval 2 months after transplanting. After six months, observation were showed that an organic “Bio Super Sugima” and inorganic “Hyponex” foliar fertilizer were influenced toward growth of young Dendrobium. Fertilization using hyponex inorganic fertilizer has been given better affects of the Dendrobium vegetative growth than organic “ Bio Super Sugima”. Fertilization in Dendrobium performed at 06.00-07.00 a.m were better than at 17.00-18.00 p.m, both at the frequency of oncee or twice a week fertilization. Likewise, the use of an organic supplements were known that were better applied in the morning compared to the afternoon. In this case also showed that varieties were effected the growth response. Genotype BALITHI CF022.27 was more responsive toward fertilization than clone 22.25 using both organic or in organic fertilizers. In the present time, there were not much available information on fertilization application on Dendrobium cultivation. Thereby, the present experiment was conducted with a view to studying the effect of fertilizer on the vegetative growth of Dendrobium. Hopefully this experiment could be give benefit to orchid user

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Lemyre, Brigitte, and Vann Chau. "L’hypothermie pour les nouveau-nés atteints d’encéphalopathie hypoxo-ischémique." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, no. 4 (June 12, 2018): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy051.

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An, Jiae, Pyoung Beom Kim, Hyeong Bin Park, Seongjun Kim, Hwan Joon Park, Chang Woo Lee, Byoung-Doo Lee, Nam Young Kim, and Jung Eun Hwang. "Effects of Different Growth Media on In Vitro Seedling Development of an Endangered Orchid Species Sedirea japonica." Plants 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061193.

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Sedirea japonica is becoming endangered, and even extinct, due to habitat destruction and illegal collection, and the development of an optimized artificial propagation system is necessary for its conservation and reintroduction. Thus, the effects of plant growth medium strength (Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Hyponex media) and the addition of activated charcoal (AC) and organic supplements on seedling growth of S. japonica were investigated through in vitro seed culture. The results showed that seedling growth was higher in half-strength (1/2) media than in full-strength media. After the addition of AC, the highest leaf area (2.14 cm2) was recorded in the seedlings grown in 1/2 Hyponex medium, and after the addition of organic supplements, root development increased regardless of the media type. Among the sixteen suitable media tested at later seedling growth stages, 1/2 MS medium with the addition of 0.6 g·L−1 AC, 30 g·L−1 banana homogenate and 10 g·L−1 apple homogenate was generally effective in fresh weight (6.13 g) and root length (9.59 cm). We demonstrated which organic supplements are preferred for in vitro growth of seedlings developed from S. japonica protocorms by asymbiotic seed culture, which can be used for mass production and conservation of this rare epiphytic orchid.

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Quintanar-Stephano, Andrés, Roberto Chavira-Ramírez, Kalman Kovacs, and Istvan Berczi. "Neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy decreases the incidence and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats." Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 1 (January 2005): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05710.

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Acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, mediated by T lymphocytes. Immunization of Lewis rats with myelin antigens suspended in complete Freund’s adjuvant induces EAE. In a previous study on rats we have found that neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) decreased both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Here we investigated the effect of NIL on the incidence and severity of EAE and on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Lewis rats. NIL, hypophysectomized (Hypox) and sham-operated (Sham) rats were immunized s.c. with guinea-pig brain extract suspended in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Untreated rats were used as controls. Water intake, body weight gain, clinical and histopathologic incidence and severity of EAE were evaluated in the operated groups. On killing, plasma adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone levels were measured and adrenals, thymuses and spleens were weighed. Histopathologic lesions were counted in the brain and spinal cord. Water intake and body weight gain were significantly decreased in Sham and Hypox animals with EAE whereas higher intakes persisted in the NIL group. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin were within the normal range whereas corticosterone levels increased in Sham and occasionally in NIL animals. Thymus weights were decreased in NIL and Hypox groups. The clinical and histopathologic incidence and severity of EAE were significantly decreased in NIL animals as compared with Sham and Hypox rats. We concluded that NIL affects the cell-mediated immune response and plays a role in the development and progression of EAE in the Lewis rat.

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Tresguerres, JA, C. Ariznavarreta, B. Granados, P. Alvarez-Vega, P. Fernandez-Mateos, P. Gil-Loyzaga, and R. Alvarez-Buylla. "Parotid gland tissue is able partially to assume pituitary functions under the influence of hypothalamic factors: in vivo and in vitro studies." Journal of Endocrinology 160, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1600205.

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To test whether salivary tissue can secrete pituitary hormones, female Sprague-Dawley rats were hypophysectomized (hypox) and the following were transplanted to the sella turcica: parotid gland (group 3, n=33), adrenal gland (group 4, n=30), muscle (group 5, n=24). Group 2 (n=21) had the sella turcica filled with dentist's cement. In addition a group of rats (group 1, n=22) remained intact as controls. All groups were followed for 8 months. Daily vaginal smears showed normal cyclicity in controls and constant dioestrus in all hypox groups. Blood samples, taken once every 30 days before and after LHRH stimulation, showed significantly lower (P<0.001) plasma LH values in all hypox groups compared with controls. In group 3, a gradual and significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in the LH response to LHRH in parallel with a partial recovery of oestrous smears. No LH modification was observed in the other hypox groups. Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were also very low in all hypox groups and were unaltered throughout the study. At the end of the experiments, half the animals were killed by decapitation and the hypothalamic-pituitary areas carefully dissected, homogenized and analysed for LH and PRL content. The remaining animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde to obtain fixing of the whole body tissues. Hypothalamic and transplant areas were carefully dissected, frozen, cut and submitted to immunochemical procedures. LH content in the graft of group 3 animals was markedly (P<0.001) lower than in the control pituitary, but significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the other hypox groups. Immunochemistry showed LH and PRL positive cells in the graft of group 3 animals, whereas neither positive cells, nor LH content were observed in the parotid gland in situ. Experiments were completed with in vitro cultures of parotid glands in the presence or absence (controls) of synthetic hypothalamic hormones or rat hypothalamic extracts. After 1.5 weeks of culture, a significantly higher LH concentration (P<0.05) was observed in the wells treated with synthetic hypothalamic hormones (216+/-46 pg/ml vs 41+/-6 pg/ml in controls). When hypothalamic extracts were used, the LH levels increased more markedly (1834+/-190 pg/ml vs 36+/-6 pg/ml in controls) and those values were maintained during 3 weeks of culture. Immunostaining of these cultures showed a positive LH reaction in the epithelial cells found in the hypothalamic extract-treated wells. Both in vivo and in vitro studies confirm the transdifferentiation of parotid gland tissue to pituitary hormone-producing cells under hypothalamic influence.

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Sandiford, S. D., H. J. Green, T. A. Duhamel, J. D. Schertzer, J. D. Perco, and J. Ouyang. "Muscle Na-K-pump and fatigue responses to progressive exercise in normoxia and hypoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 289, no. 2 (August 2005): R441—R449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00652.2004.

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To investigate the effects of hypoxia and incremental exercise on muscle contractility, membrane excitability, and maximal Na+-K+-ATPase activity, 10 untrained volunteers (age = 20 ± 0.37 yr and weight = 80.0 ± 3.54 kg; ± SE) performed progressive cycle exercise to fatigue on two occasions: while breathing normal room air (Norm; FiO2 = 0.21) and while breathing a normobaric hypoxic gas mixture (Hypox; FiO2 = 0.14). Muscle samples extracted from the vastus lateralis before exercise and at fatigue were analyzed for maximal Na+-K+-ATPase (K+-stimulated 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase) activity in homogenates. A 32% reduction ( P < 0.05) in Na+-K+-ATPase activity was observed (90.9 ± 7.6 vs. 62.1 ± 6.4 nmol·mg protein−1·h−1) in Norm. At fatigue, the reductions in Hypox were not different (81 ± 5.6 vs. 57.2 ± 7.5 nmol·mg protein−1·h−1) from Norm. Measurement of quadriceps neuromuscular function, assessed before and after exercise, indicated a generalized reduction ( P < 0.05) in maximal voluntary contractile force (MVC) and in force elicited at all frequencies of stimulation (10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 Hz). In general, no differences were observed between Norm and Hypox. The properties of the compound action potential, amplitude, duration, and area, which represent the electomyographic response to a single, supramaximal stimulus, were not altered by exercise or oxygen condition when assessed both during and after the progressive cycle task. Progressive exercise, conducted in Hypox, results in an inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity and reductions in MVC and force at different frequencies of stimulation; these results are not different from those observed with Norm. These changes occur in the absence of reductions in neuromuscular excitability.

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Hsieh, Chi-Hung, Zeng-Chin Liang, Wen-Jang Shieh, Shin-Liang Chang, and Wai-Jane Ho. "Effects of Nutrients and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Development of Juvenile Rhizome Proliferation of Gastrodia elata In Vitro." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081210.

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Two prevalent issues with Gastrodia elata growing in a natural wild environment are the necessary symbiotic seed germination with Mycena spp. and the long growing cycle of protocorms into mature rhizomes with Armillaria mellea. This study explored the most suitable nutrients to germinate seeds and the developmental stages and propagated protocorm/juvenile rhizomes (jrhs) through a tissue culture approach. Adding humic acid, mashed potato, peptone, and (indole-3-acetic acid) IAA to the 2 g/L Hyponex 7-6-19 basal medium accelerated seed germination into protocorms with an average length of 2 mm. The nutrients best for the in vitro propagation of jrhs consisted of 1 g/L Hyponex 7-6-19 and MS salts with 1/2 NH4NO3 and KNO3, 2 mg/L BA, 2 mg/L NAA, 2 g/L tryptone, 2 g/L glutamic acid, 1 g/L chitosan, 10 g/L apple puree, 20 g/L mashed potato, 100 mL/L coconut water, and 1.5 g/L A. mellea powder, at a pH level of 6. The maximum length and number of jrhs were 17.2 ± 0.8 mm and 76.6, respectively, in two subcultures. The in vitro propagation system started from seeds of G. elata can be employed as a potential method to propagate protocorm/jrhs for the cultivation of mature rhizomes from indoor or outdoor cultures.

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Donha, Riviane Maria Albuquerque, Dauri Aparecido Fadin, Raquel Massaro, Patrícia Franco Gianini, and Cristiano Pedroso-de-Moraes. "CRESCIMENTO IN VITRO DE Phalaenopsis H-Sin Sunflower EM DIFERENTES MEIOS DE CULTURA E NÍVEIS DE pH." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 12, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2019v12n2p351-362.

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As orquídeas se destacam tanto pelo valor ornamental quanto comercial. Entre elas está Phalaenopsis H-Sin Sunflower, uma espécie apreciada mundialmente e com alto valor de mercado. Porém, as Orchidaceae possuem um desenvolvimento vegetativo lento e necessidades específicas, fato que eleva o seu custo de produção e torna indispensável o desenvolvimento de técnicas alternativas. Atualmente, a semeadura in vitro constitui ferramenta importante para propagação das principais espécies de orquídeas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar aspectos do crescimento in vitro de Phalaenopsis H-Sin Sunflower mediante avaliação do efeito dos meios de cultura ½MS e de dois meios a base dos fertilizantes comerciais Hyponex® (NPK 6,5-6-19) e Kristalon laranja® (NPK 6-12-36), submetidos a três níveis de pH (5,3, 5,8 e 6,3). Para tanto, sementes foram distribuídas em quatro frascos de cada meio e, após 180 dias de cultivo, foram retiradas aleatoriamente vinte plântulas de cada frasco para análise estatística. Foram auferidos os dados referentes à altura das plântulas (AP), comprimento da maior raiz (CMR), comprimento da maior folha (CMF), número de raízes (NR), peso da massa fresca (PMF) e peso da massa seca (PMS). Inferiu-se que o meio de cultura mais eficiente no crescimento de plântulas de Phalaenopsis H-Sin Sunflower foi o meio Hyponex® com nível de pH de 5,3 que apresentou as maiores médias para todas as variáveis analisadas.

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OLIVER, NICK, GUIDO FRECKMANN, MARGA GIMENEZ, MONIKA REDDY, NORBERT HERMANNS, and LUTZ HEINEMANN. "The Relationship between A1C and Hypoglycemia in the HypoDE Study." Diabetes 67, Supplement 1 (May 2018): 9—LB. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db18-9-lb.

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Bogsrud, Martin Prøven, Leiv Ose, Gisle Langslet, Inger Ottestad, Ellen Charlotte Strøm, Tor-Arne Hagve, and Kjetil Retterstøl. "HypoCol (red yeast rice) lowers plasma cholesterol – a randomized placebo controlled study." Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 44, no. 4 (July 19, 2010): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14017431003624123.

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39

Hosoki, Takashi, and Daisuke Kimura. "Micropropagation of Centaurea macrocephala Pushk. ex Willd. by Shoot-axis Splitting." HortScience 32, no. 6 (October 1997): 1124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.1124.

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Micropropagation of Centaurea macrocephala Pushk. ex Willd. was achieved by subculturing of vertically split shoots and division of axillary buds on MS-based medium with 0.44 μm BA. A proliferation rate of 2.0 per 16-day culture period was obtained. Seventy percent of microcuttings obtained through in vitro culture could be rooted on a modified Hyponex medium with 25 μM IBA. All plantlets were readily acclimatized and grown in a greenhouse. Chemical names used: benzylaminopurine (BA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

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40

Thomann, Julia, Sascha R. Tittel, Egbert Voss, Rudolf Oeverink, Katja Palm, Susanne Fricke-Otto, Klaus Kapelari, Reinhard W. Holl, Joachim Woelfle, and Markus Bettendorf. "Guideline Adherence and Registry Recruitment of Congenital Primary Hypothyroidism: Data from the German Registry for Congenital Hypothyroidism (HypoDok)." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns7010010.

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Neonatal screening for congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) is mandatory in Germany but medical care thereafter remains inconsistent. Therefore, the registry HypoDok of the German Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (DGKED) was analyzed to evaluate the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and to assess the number of included patients. Inclusion criteria were (i) date of birth between 10/2001 and 05/2020 and (ii) increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at screening and/or confirmation. The cohort was divided into before (A) and after (B) guideline publication in 02/2011, to assess the guideline’s influence on medical care. A total of 659 patients were analyzed as group A (n = 327) and group B (n = 332) representing 17.5% and 10.3% of CH patients identified in the German and Austrian neonatal screening program during the respective time period. Treatment start and thyroxine doses were similar in both groups and consistent with recommendations. Regular follow-ups were documented. In the first three years of life, less than half of the patients underwent audiometry; developmental assessment was performed in 49.3% (A) and 24.8% (B) (p < 0.01). Documentation of CH patient care by pediatric endocrinologists seemed to be established, however, it reflected only a minority of the affected patients. Therefore, comprehensive documentation as an important instrument of quality assurance and evidence-based medicine should be legally enforced and officially funded in order to record, comprehend, and optimize care and outcome in patients with rare diseases such as CH.

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Supriati, Yati. "Efisiensi Mikropropagasi Pisang Kepok Amorang melalui Modifikasi Formula Media dan Temperatur." Jurnal AgroBiogen 6, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v6n2.2010.p91-100.

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Micropropagation Efficiency of Banana cv Kepok Amorang through Modifications of Culture Media and Incubation Temperature. Yati Supriati. The budless banana cv Kepok Amorang is potentially commercialized due to its sweet taste and does not have flower bud, hence reduced the potential of being infected by the blood disease pathogen. Enhancement of banana industry needs continuous supplies of large number banana seedlings. In vitro culture enable the production of seedlings in a large scale, uniform, quick. The research aims: (1) to formulate an efficient medium for in vitro multiplication of cv Kepok Amorang shoot, (2) to identify efficient growth environment for in vitro culture of cv Kepok Amorang, and (3) to formulate an efficient culture medium for roots inductions of cv Kepok Amorang. The plant material used was in vitro culture of Kepok cv Amorang, 2 cm in height without leaf and root. The media formulation for shoot multiplication were full strength, half strength, one fourth strength MS media, supplemented with either 1, 3, or 5 ppm IBA. On optimization step, the media tested were MS, Knop, Knop and Heller, Hyponex N, Growmore N, and Rosasol N containing of 1 ppm BA. The explants were incubated in culture room with 8, 12, and 16 hours photoperiod with temperatures 30oC (non air conditioned) and 25oC (air conditioned). The root induction trial was done using MS, Knop, Knop and Heller, Hyponex N, Growmore N, and Rosasol N media containing of 1 ppm and 3 ppm IBA. The results showed that the best medium formula for shoot multiplication was ¼ MS + 1 ppm IBA. The best incubation condition was 16 hours photoperiods at 30oC. The best media for root induction was Hyponex 2 g/l + 1 ppm IBA. This culture method reduced cost by Rp 261.7 per plantlet through efficiency of media formulation and electricity use.

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HERMANNS, NORBERT, LUTZ HEINEMANN, GUIDO FRECKMANN, DELIA WALDENMAIER, and DOMINIC EHRMANN. "Predictors of Hypoglycemia Avoidance in a Randomized Controlled rtCGM Trial (HypoDE)." Diabetes 67, Supplement 1 (May 2018): 298—OR. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db18-298-or.

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43

Humaerah, Armaeni Dwi. "BUDIDAYA PADI (Oryza sativa) DALAM WADAH DENGAN BERBAGAI JENIS PUPUK PADA SISTEM TANAM BERBEDA." AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/aj.v7i2.5179.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh system tanam (hidroponik dan non hidroponik), ukuran wadah (pot) dan pupuk majemuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam bentuk percobaan, menggunakan rancangan petak-petak terbagi (split-split plot design). Petak utama adalah sistem budidaya (S), terdiri atas dua perlakuan yaitu sistem non-hidroponik (s1) dan hidroponik (s2). Sebagai anak petak adalah diameter wadah tanam (pot) (W), terdiri atas dua taraf, yakni pot berdiameter 30 cm (w1) dan pot berdiameter 40 cm (w2), sedangkan anak-anak petaknya adalah jenis pupuk majemuk (P) dengan tiga perlakuan yakni pupuk organik cair Super V3 Hartani (p1), pupuk hyponex (p2) dan pupuk AB mix (p3). Setiap perlakuan dikombinasikan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 unit perlakuan. Masing-masing unit perlakuan terdiri terdiri atas 2 tanaman sehingga keseluruhan terdapat 72 tanaman. Hasil pengamatan dan pengukuran dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan bila ada perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf alpha 0,05. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah Sistem tanam konvensional dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi yang lebih tinggi dari pada sistem hidroponik. Namun demikian, sistem hidroponik dapat memberikan hasil yang cukup layak untuk dikembangkan. Diameter pot mempengaruhi jumlah malai yang dihasilkan tanaman padi. Diameter 40 cm lebih menghasilkan malai yang lebih banyak daripada pot berdiameter 30 cm. Pupuk Super V3 Hartani, Hyponex dan AB mix tidak memberikan pengaruh berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi. Tidak ada interaksi antara sistem tanam, diameter pot dan jenis pupuk dalam memperngaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi.

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Kurihara, K., S. Maruyama, K. Hosoi, S. Sato, T. Ueha, and E. W. Gresik. "Regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase in submandibular glands of hypophysectomized male mice by steroid and thyroid hormones." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 7 (July 1996): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.7.8675991.

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The effects of thyroid hormone, androgen, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid on Na+,K+-ATPase activity and on levels of its alpha-subunit protein (alpha 1 isoform) in mouse submandibular gland (SMG) were studied by enzyme assay for ouabain-sensitive ATP hydrolysis, by quantitative densitometric scanning of Western blots, and by immunohistochemistry. To define the specific regulatory effects of various pituitary-dependent hormones on expression of Na+,K+-ATPase in the SMG, we treated hypophysectomized (hypox) male mice with triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dexamethasone (Dex), and aldosterone (Ald), injected singly or in combination. Na+,K+-ATPase was confined to the duct system of the SMG. In intact mice there was a gender difference in SMG Na+,K+-ATPase, with levels of the enzyme's activity and of its alpha 1-subunit being less in the glands of males. In males, hypophysectomy caused a rise in levels of Na+,K+-ATPase activity and in levels of the alpha 1-subunit protein of this enzyme, and in intensity of immunocytochemical staining for this subunit but there were no such changes in the SMG of hypox females. Changes caused by hormonal replacement to hypox males in Na+,K-ATPase activity, levels of its alpha 1-subunit, or the intensity of immunocytochemical staining for this subunit were complex. Ald had no effect. T3 or dexamethasone, given alone, induced Na+,K+-ATPase activity above control values (hypox males) and increased levels of its alpha 1-subunit protein and immunohistochemical staining for this subunit. By contrast, DHT did not cause a decline in any of these parameters. However, when treatment with T3 was combined with administration of Dex or DHT, enzymatic activity of Na+,K+-ATPase decreased but levels of the alpha 1-subunit protein and immunohistochemical staining for this subunit increased. Therefore, inductions of the alpha 1-subunit of this enzyme are not always correlated with increases in levels of activity of Na+,K+-ATPase, and we propose that both enzymatic and immunochemical analyses are essential for evaluation of hormonal regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase in salivary gland and in other tissues.

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45

Oh, Young Taek, Jinyub Kim, and Jang H. Youn. "Role of pituitary in K+ homeostasis: impaired renal responses to altered K+ intake in hypophysectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 304, no. 12 (June 15, 2013): R1166—R1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00495.2012.

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The kidneys maintain extracellular K+ homeostasis by altering K+ excretion to match K+ intake. Because this can occur without changes in plasma K+ concentrations ([K+]), how the kidneys sense K+ intake is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the pituitary plays a critical role in signaling K+ intake to the kidneys. If this hypothesis is true, hypophysectomy would impair kidney responses to altered K+ intake. Hypophysectomized (Hypox) and sham-operated control rats ( n = 8 each) were compared for their abilities to adjust K+ excretion during a transition from normal to reduced (to one-third of normal) K+ intake, followed by a reversal to normal K+ intake. Food was provided only at night, and renal K+ excretion was determined both for absorptive (night or feeding) and postabsorptive (day or nonfeeding) periods. In normal rats, both absorptive and postabsorptive renal K+ excretion were changed in parallel to the changes in K+ intake, indicating a rapid adaptation of normal kidneys to altered K+ intake. In Hypox rats, whereas absorptive renal K+ excretion was changed in response to changes in K+ intake, postabsorptive K+ excretion was not responsive ( P < 0.001), indicating impaired renal responses to altered K+ intake. In addition, Hypox rats, compared with control rats, showed K+ intolerance (increases in plasma [K+]) upon feeding (i.e., K+ intake) at night or following an intravenous K+ infusion ( P < 0.01), indicating an impairment of acute renal responses to K+ intake. These data support that the pituitary plays a key role in the signaling of K+ intake to the kidneys (and kidney responses to altered K+ intake).

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B, Balamurugan, Abbey Mathew, Gowthaman R, Rajarajeswari Rajarajeswari, Sivanesan S, Sudharshan Balaji S G, Vijayaraghavan K, and Ashok S. "COMPARISON OF PENTASTARCH VERSUS TETRASTARCH IN TH E INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF HYPOVOL EMIC PATIENTS." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 8 (February 19, 2014): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/2073.

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Lamblin, M. D., and M. André. "Électroencéphalogramme du nouveau-né à terme. Aspects normaux et encéphalopathie hypoxo-ischémique." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 41, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2010.12.001.

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48

Sugiyama, T., H. Minoura, N. Toyoda, K. Sakaguchi, M. Tanaka, S. Sudo, and K. Nakashima. "Pup contact induces the expression of long form prolactin receptor mRNA in the brain of female rats: effects of ovariectomy and hypophysectomy on receptor gene expression." Journal of Endocrinology 149, no. 2 (May 1996): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1490335.

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Abstract Prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA expression levels in the female rat brain (cerebrum) during pup contact stimulation were determined by the reverse transcription-PCR method. The high expression levels of long form PRL-R mRNA found in the brain of lactating rats were markedly reduced by removal of pups, and long form PRL-R mRNA levels were recovered by resumption of pup contact. Interestingly, pup contact stimuli of nulliparous virgin rats also markedly induced long form but not short form PRL-R mRNA expression in the brain in 1·3 days, together with the expression of maternal behaviour. In ovariectomized (OVX) or hypophysectomized (HYPOX) virgin rats, or in OVX plus HYPOX virgin rats, however, brain long form PRL-R mRNA was not significantly induced by pup contact stimuli for as long as 7 days, while maternal behaviour was fully expressed in these rats after 7 days of pup contact. The in situ hybridization experiments revealed that the long form PRL-R mRNA induced in virgin rats in contact with pups or in lactating rats was localized in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. No significant increase in mRNA was detected in other regions of the brain, such as the hypothalamus or cortex, in these maternal female rats. These results suggest that pup contact induces the expression of long form PRL-R mRNA in the choroid plexus of the brain in the presence of female sex steroid and pituitary hormones for the rapid expression of maternal behaviour. Our studies also suggested that maternal behaviour can be expressed in OVX or HYPOX rats after exposure to pups for 7 days without any significant increase in brain PRL-R mRNA expression. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 335–340

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Priatna, Chitra. "PENGARUH PUPUK DAUN GROWMORE DAN HYPONEX TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PLANLET DENDROBIUM DIAN AGRIHORTI SECARA IN VITRO." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 11, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.33512/jur.agroekotetek.v11i2.7690.

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Kelleher, Judith A., George A. Gregory, and Pak H. Chan. "Effect of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in hypotix astrocyte cultures." Neurochemical Research 19, no. 2 (February 1994): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00966818.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypodox'

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