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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypnotism'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Brancaccio, Maria Teresa. "Between Charcot and Bernheim: The debate on hypnotism in fin-de-siècle Italy." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0008.

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In the late 1870s, a small group of Italian psychiatrists became interested in hypnotism in the wake of the studies conducted by the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. Eager to engage in hypnotic research, these physicians referred to the scientific authority of French and German scientists in order to overcome the scepticism of the Italian medical community and establish hypnotism as a research subject based on Charcot's neuropathological model. In the following years, French studies on hypnotism continued to exert a strong influence in Italy. In the mid 1880s, studies on hypnotic suggestion by the Salpêtrière and Nancy Schools of hypnotism gave further impetus to research and therapeutic experimentation and inspired the emergence of an interpretative framework that combined theories by both hypnotic schools. By the end of the decade, however, uncertainties had arisen around both hypnotic theory and the therapeutic use of hypnotism. These uncertainties, which were linked to the crisis of the neuropathological paradigm that had to a large extent framed the understanding of hypnotism in Italy and the theoretical disagreements among the psychiatrists engaged in hypnotic research, ultimately led to a decline in interest in hypnotism in Italy.

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2

Wils, Kaat. "Tussen wetenschap en spektakel." TMG Journal for Media History 20, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-7653.2017.332.

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Between Science and Spectacle: Hypnosis on the Belgian Theatre Scene, 1875–1900. This article focuses on the performances of itinerant magnetiser/hypnotist Donato and on the public debate he generated on his travels throughout Europe. Around this time, magnetism was increasingly being presented in a new form – hypnotism – which walked the line between scientific experiment and public spectacle, navigating the realms of alternative medicine and of recognised medical therapies. This article explores Donato’s use of the trappings of science in his shows, his relationships with the medical and scientific communities, and the ban on public demonstrations of hypnotism that was introduced in Belgium in 1892. While the Belgian law revealed just how unequal the battle between magnetisers and physicians really was, it did not result in a decisive victory for the medical community, nor did it spell an end to hypnosis shows. However, it did herald the end of a brief period of intense exchange between magnetisers and academics.

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3

Hajek, Kim M. "‘A portion of truth’: Demarcating the boundaries of scientific hypnotism in late nineteenth-century France." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 2017): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0010.

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In fin-de-siècle France, hypnotism enjoyed an unprecedented level of medico-scientific legitimacy. Researchers studying hypnotism had nonetheless to manage relations between their new ‘science’ and its widely denigrated precursor, magnétisme animal , because too great a resemblance between the two could damage the reputation of ‘scientific’ hypnotism. They did so by engaging in the rhetorical activity of boundary-work. This paper analyses such demarcation strategies in major texts from the Salpêtrière and Nancy Schools – the rival groupings that dominated enquiry into hypnotism in the 1880s. Researchers from both Schools depicted magnétisme as ‘unscientific’ by emphasizing the magnetizers’ tendency to interpret phenomena in wondrous or supernatural terms. At the same time, they acknowledged and recuperated the ‘portions of truth’ hidden within the phantasmagoria of magnétisme ; these ‘portions’ function as positive facts in the texts on hypnotism, immutable markers of an underlying natural order that accounts for similarities between phenomena of magnétisme and hypnotism. If this strategy allows for both continuities and discontinuities between the two fields, it also constrains the scope for theoretical speculation about hypnotism, as signalled, finally, by a reading of one fictional study of the question, Anatole France's ‘Monsieur Pigeonneau’.

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4

Wolffram, Heather. "Crime and hypnosis in fin-de-siècle Germany: the Czynski case." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0005.

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Lurid tales of the criminal use of hypnosis captured both popular and scholarly attention across Europe during the closing decades of the nineteenth century, culminating not only in the invention of fictional characters such as du Maurier's Svengali but also in heated debates between physicians over the possibilities of hypnotic crime and the application of hypnosis for forensic purposes. The scholarly literature and expert advice that emerged on this topic at the turn of the century highlighted the transnational nature of research into hypnosis and the struggle of physicians in a large number of countries to prise hypnotism from the hands of showmen and amateurs once and for all. Making use of the 1894 Czynski trial, in which a Baroness was putatively hypnotically seduced by a magnetic healer, this paper will examine the scientific, popular and forensic tensions that existed around hypnotism in the German context. Focusing, in particular, on the expert testimony about hypnosis and hypnotic crime during this case, the paper will show that, while such trials offered opportunities to criminalize and pathologize lay hypnosis, they did not always provide the ideal forum for settling scientific questions or disputes.

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5

KOSHINO, Go. "Dostoevsky and Hypnotism." Japanese Slavic and East European Studies 21 (2000): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5823/jsees.21.0_43.

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6

Essa, Mohsain. "Dictionary of Hypnotism." American Journal of Psychotherapy 46, no. 1 (January 1992): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1992.46.1.150.

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7

Harris, Ruth. "Murder under hypnosis." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 3 (August 1985): 477–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700031366.

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SynopsisThis article discusses the trial of a woman accused of murder in 1890 whose defence rested on the claim that she acted unconsciously under the hypnotic influence of her older lover. This relatively banal case brought together two rival schools of French psychiatry – that of J.-M. Charcot in Paris and that of Hippolyte Bernheim in Nancy – and provided a wide-ranging examination of views on the nature of unconscious mental activity as well as the social, political and professional implications that their theories on hypnotism and hysteria contained. Discussions on women's sexuality, family relations, crowd behaviour and political radicalism all played a part in the debate and are examined through the case study that the trial of Gabrielle Bompard permits. Moreover, the trial shed incidental light on the campaign by physicians against amateur healers and hypnotists whom they blamed for unleashing a wave of mass hysteria through their theatrical representations. The episode was one important element in the struggle for the passage of the law of 30 November 1892, which outlawed amateur practitioners and established the medical monopoly over healing in France.

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8

Battle, Allen O. "A History of Hypnotism." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 57, no. 10 (October 15, 1996): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v57n1008b.

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9

Silberner, Joanne. "Hypnotism under the Knife." Science News 129, no. 12 (March 22, 1986): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970586.

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10

Cooter, R. "A History of Hypnotism." BMJ 306, no. 6886 (May 1, 1993): 1215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6886.1215-a.

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11

Veith, Ilza. "A History of Hypnotism." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 182, no. 4 (April 1994): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199404000-00016.

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12

Wils, Kaat. "From transnational to regional magnetic fevers: The making of a law on hypnotism in late nineteenth-century Belgium." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0007.

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In May 1892, Belgium adopted a law on the exercise of hypnotism. The signing of the law constituted a temporary endpoint to six years of debate on the dangers and promises of hypnotism, a process of negotiation between medical doctors, members of parliament, legal professionals and lay practitioners. The terms of the debate were not very different from what happened elsewhere in Europe, where, since the mid 1880s, hypnotism had become an object of public concern. The Belgian law was nevertheless unique in its combined effort to regulate the use of hypnosis in public and private, for purposes of entertainment, research and therapy. My analysis shows how the making of the law was a process of negotiation in which local, national and transnational networks and allegiances each played a part. While the transnational atmosphere of moral panic had created a seedbed for the law, its eventual outlook owed much to the powerful lobby work of an essentially local network of lay magnetizers, and to the renown of Joseph Delbœuf, professor at the University of Liège, whose work in the field of hypnotism stimulated several liberal doctors and members of Parliament from the Liège region to defend a more lenient law.

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13

Robertson, Donald. "“On Hypnotism” (1860)De L'Hypnotisme." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 57, no. 2 (February 26, 2009): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207140802665377.

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14

Healy, D. "Book: The Evolution of Hypnotism." BMJ 320, no. 7240 (April 8, 2000): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7240.1015.

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15

Gullickson, Terri. "Review of Dictionary of Hypnotism." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 3 (March 1992): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031434.

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16

Vorotynskiy, B. I. "Dr. Ed. Bérillon. Hypnotism and mental orthopedics. — Paris, 1898." Neurology Bulletin VII, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb50124.

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In this brochure, the author continues to defend and develop further his view on the meaning of hypnotism in its application to pedagogy, a view expressed by him back in 1886 at the Nancy congress. Dr. Brillon is an advocate of the belief that hypnosis can be of great service to the interests of pedagogy. Numerous experiments carried out on two different classes of society convinced the author that children from 5 to 15 years old generally quite easily fall into hypnosis. It is difficult for hypnosis to be given to those who have severely expressed signs of severe neuropathic inheritance. Children-idiotes do not fall into hypnosis; Although feeble-minded children fall asleep, their sleep is usually not deep, it is impossible to induce automatism in them, and it is also impossible to achieve the fulfillment of suggestion after hypnosis. Children with the stigmata of hysteria succumb to hypnotic suggestion, but it is possible to evoke deep sleep in them only after a series of preparatory sessions.

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17

Sommer, Andreas. "Professional Heresy: Edmund Gurney (1847–88) and the Study of Hallucinations and Hypnotism." Medical History 55, no. 3 (July 2011): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300005445.

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The English music theorist and philosophical writer Edmund Gurney was the first ‘fulltime’ psychical researcher in history. While he was primarily concerned with empirical evidence for telepathy, Gurney significantly contributed to the late nineteenth-century literature on hallucinations in the sane, and the psychology of hypnotism and dissociation. He conducted the first large-scale survey of hallucinations in the general public and, with Pierre Janet, was the first to publish experimental data suggesting dissociated streams of consciousness in hypnotism. This paper sketches Gurney's contributions to psychology and dynamic psychiatry in the context of his friendship with Frederic W.H. Myers and William James. It is argued that although Gurney's research into hallucinations and hypnotism had been embraced and assimilated by contemporary psychologists such as William James, Alfred Binet and others, his contributions to psychology have subsequently been marginalised because of the discipline's paradigmatic rejection of controversial research questions his findings were entangled with.

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18

Pekala, Ronald J., V. K. Kumar, Ronald Maurer, Nancy Elliott-Carter, Edward Moon, and Karen Mullen. "Suggestibility, Expectancy, Trance State Effects, and Hypnotic Depth: I. Implications for Understanding Hypnotism." American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 52, no. 4 (April 2010): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2010.10401732.

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19

Faux, Peter J. "Book Review: A History of Hypnotism." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 9 (November 1994): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900914.

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20

Kinman, Bernard. "Hypnotism - Curse or Cure for Smokers?" Journal of the Royal Society of Health 112, no. 5 (October 1992): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409211200509.

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21

Gudjonsson, G. H. "The practice of hypnotism, 2nd edition." Behaviour Research and Therapy 40, no. 11 (November 2002): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00114-0.

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22

Wilson, Clare. "Best evidence that hypnotism is real." New Scientist 234, no. 3119 (April 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)30611-5.

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23

Richardson, Ruth. "Hypnotism and the rise of anaesthesia." Nature 397, no. 6714 (January 1999): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16190.

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24

Bates, Gordon. "Arthur Conan Doyle in Mesmeric Edinburgh and Hypnotic London." Victoriographies 11, no. 3 (November 2021): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2021.0436.

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Arthur Conan Doyle's spiritualist interests are often viewed today as idiosyncratic for a medical professional and anachronistic for the late Victorian era. However, historians of the era recognise that there was widespread fascination at this time in the possibility of communicating with the dead and the development of extraordinary mental powers like telepathy. Conan Doyle studied medicine in Edinburgh where the study of mesmerism and its role in therapy continued for much longer than the rest of Britain. The university and medical school produced most of the major names of British medical mesmerism including the physician James Braid, who coined the term hypnotism. By the late nineteenth century, there were many distinguished physicians and scientists who shared Conan Doyle's spiritualist views. The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) was the elite London association that investigated these possibilities using a scientific methodology. Hypnotism and the trance state were important tools in this study. Over the course of his thirty-six-year membership, Conan Doyle's convictions strengthened. The backdrop of Edinburgh and mesmerism is key to Conan Doyle's story ‘ John Barrington Cowles’ (1884) , while the scientific investigation of hypnotism described in The Parasite (1894) relies upon his experiences with London's SPR based in Dean's Yard, Westminster, and Hanover Square in Mayfair.

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25

Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism." Configurations 19, no. 2 (2011): 213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/con.2011.0011.

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26

Pattie, Frank A. "On the Origin of the Word “Hypnotism”." American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 33, no. 2 (October 1990): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1990.10402922.

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27

Andriopoulos, Stefan. "The Sleeper Effect: Hypnotism, Mind Control, Terrorism." Grey Room 45 (October 2011): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/grey_a_00051.

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28

Hart, F. Dudley. "Carlill and Hypnotism between the World Wars." Journal of Medical Biography 2, no. 3 (August 1994): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777209400200313.

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29

Kihlstrom, John F. "Neuro-hypnotism: Prospects for hypnosis and neuroscience." Cortex 49, no. 2 (February 2013): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.016.

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30

Sommer, Andreas. "Policing Epistemic Deviance: Albert von Schrenck-Notzing and Albert Moll1." Medical History 56, no. 2 (April 2012): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2011.36.

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AbstractShortly after the death of Albert von Schrenck-Notzing (1862–1929), the doyen of early twentieth century German para psychology, his former colleague in hypnotism and sexology Albert Moll (1862–1939) published a treatise on the psychology and pathology of parapsychologists, with Schrenck-Notzing serving as a prototype of a scientist suffering from an ‘occult complex’. Moll’s analysis concluded that parapsychologists vouching for the reality of supernormal phenomena, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, telekinesis and materialisations, suffered from a morbid will to believe, which paralysed their critical faculties and made them cover obvious mediumistic fraud. Using Moll’s treatment of Schrenck-Notzing as an historical case study of boundary disputes in science and medicine, this essay traces the career of Schrenck-Notzing as a researcher in hypnotism, sexology and parapsychology; discusses the relationship between Moll and Schrenck-Notzing; and problematises the pathologisation and defamation strategies of deviant epistemologies by authors such as Moll.

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31

Chettiar, Teri. "‘Looking as Little Like Patients as Persons Well Could’: Hypnotism, Medicine and the Problem of the Suggestible Subject in Late Nineteenth-Century Britain." Medical History 56, no. 3 (July 2012): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2011.39.

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AbstractDuring the late nineteenth century, many British physicians rigorously experimented with hypnosis as a therapeutic practice. Despite mounting evidence attesting to its wide-ranging therapeutic uses publicised in the 1880s and 1890s, medical hypnosis remained highly controversial. After a decade and a half of extensive medical discussion and debate surrounding the adoption of hypnosis by mainstream medical professionals – including a thorough inquiry organised by the British Medical Association – it was decisively excluded from serious medical consideration by 1900. This essay examines the complex question of why hypnosis was excluded from professional medical practice by the end of the nineteenth century. Objections to its medical adoption rarely took issue with its supposed effectiveness in producing genuine therapeutic and anaesthetic results. Instead, critics’ objections were centred upon a host of social and moral concerns regarding the patient’s state of suggestibility and weakened ‘will-power’ while under the physician’s hypnotic ‘spell’. The problematic question of precisely how far hypnotic ‘rapport’ and suggestibility might depart from the Victorian liberal ideal of rational individual autonomy lay at the heart of these concerns. As this essay demonstrates, the hypnotism debate was characterised by a tension between physicians’ attempts to balance their commitment to restore patients to health and pervasive middle-class concerns about the rapid and ongoing changes transforming British society at the turn of the century.

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32

Court, C. "Ban on stage hypnotism is not needed, says report." BMJ 311, no. 7016 (November 18, 1995): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1322b.

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33

Rollin, Henry. "The Second International Congress of Experimental and Therapeutic Hypnotism." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 4 (October 1999): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000263150.

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34

Wolffram, Heather. "That Devil's Trick: Hypnotism and the Victorian Popular Imagination." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 38, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2016.1185967.

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35

Bonet Safont, Juan Marcos. "Professors, Charlatans, and Spiritists: The Stage Hypnotist in Late Nineteenth-Century English Literature." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.007.

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In this paper I will explore the stereotype of the stage hypnotist in fiction literature through the analysis of the novellas Professor Fargo (1874) by Henry James (1843-1916) and Drink: A Love Story on a Great Question (1890) by Hall Caine (1853-1931). Both Professor Fargo and Drink form part of a literary subgenre referred to variously as “Hypnotic Fiction”, “Trance Gothic” or “mesmeric texts”. The objective of my research, which examines both the literary text itself and its historical and social context, is to offer new and interesting data that may contribute to the development of a poetics or theory of the literary subgenre of hypnotic fiction. In this sense, this article is an essential contribution to a broader analysis that I have been working on, focusing on highlighting the generic features of this type of literature by analysing the stereotypes of hypnotists in fiction.

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36

Trueman, Liz. "Progression / Regression: Hypnotism and the Superstitious in Maupassant's Le Horla." Romance Notes 58, no. 1 (2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rmc.2018.0001.

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37

Bates, Gordon D. L. "Charles Lloyd Tuckey and the “new hypnotism” – psychiatry in history." British Journal of Psychiatry 214, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.168.

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38

Maehle, Andreas-Holger, and Heather Wolffram. "History of hypnotism in Europe and the significance of place." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0011.

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39

LACKERSTEEN, M. H. "THE SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF MEDICAL HYPNOTISM, OR TREATMENT BY SUGGESTION." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 264, no. 20 (November 28, 1990): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03450200089038.

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40

Parra, Alejandro. "Los límites de la ciencia: Espiritismo, hipnotismo y el estudio de los fenómenos paranormales (1850–1930) edited by Annette Mülberger." Journal of Scientific Exploration 32, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/2018/1331.

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41

Allison, Nicola. "Hypnosis in modern dentistry: Challenging misconceptions." Faculty Dental Journal 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsfdj.2015.172.

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The world of hypnotism carries with it many misconceptions. The term ‘hypnosis’ is often associated with magician types, swinging pendulums, deep sleeps and stage performance. Many are unaware that the art of hypnosis carries great therapeutic benefits in the medical, psychological and dental fields. This review provides an insight into the history and development of hypnosis as a therapy, and explores its applications in support of hypnotherapy as a powerful tool in the modern dentist’s armamentarium.

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42

Mayer, Andreas. "Lost Objects: From the Laboratories of Hypnosis to the Psychoanalytic Setting." Science in Context 19, no. 1 (March 2006): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970500075x.

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ArgumentThe psychoanalytic setting counts today as one of the familiar therapeutic rituals of the Western world. Taking up some of the insights of the anthropology of science will allow us to account for both the social and the material arrangements from which Freud's invention emerged at the end of the nineteenth century out of the clinical laboratories and private consulting rooms of practitioners of hypnosis. The peculiar way of neglecting or forgetting the object world and the institution of the psychoanalyst as a “transference object” will be traced back to multiple reconfigurations in the history of hypnotism in France and in Germany. In this process, different practitioners tried to achieve a synthesis of clinical work and experimental psychology, with the aim of objectifying knowledge about human subjectivity. While Freud retained the claim of psychoanalysis performing an experimental situation, he set apart his own setting from the objectifying practices which were characteristic of this experimental psychology located in the clinic and the private consulting room.It is not easy to over-estimate the importance of the part played by hypnotism in the history of the origin of psychoanalysis. From a theoretical as well as from a therapeutic point of view, psycho-analysis has at its command a legacy which it has inherited from hypnotism.Sigmund Freud, A Short Account of Psycho-Analysis ([1923] 1924, 192)

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43

Golz, Sabine I., Oleg V. Timofeyev, Luys, Sofia Niron [S V. Kovalevskaya], Charcot, and Sofia Niron [Sofia Kovalevskaya]. "Hypnotism and Medicine in 1888 Paris: Contemporary Observations by Sofia Kovalevskaya." SubStance 25, no. 1 (1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3685226.

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44

Hilgard, Ernest R. "A Serious Attempt to Make Sense of a Baffling Topic: Hypnotism." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 6 (June 1994): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/034415.

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45

MEIRA, Alex Tiburtino, Anieli Fagiani PRODÓSSIMO, Gabriel Sampaio FROEHNER, Gustavo Leite FRANKLIN, Murilo Sousa DE MENESES, Renato Puppi MUNHOZ, and Hélio Afonso Ghizoni TEIVE. "Jules Bernard Luys: from a description of the subthalamic nucleus to hypnotism." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, no. 12 (December 2020): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200116.

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ABSTRACT The authors review the role of Jules Bernard Luys in the discovery of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) over 150 years ago. The relationships between the STN and movement disorders, particularly hemiballismus and Parkinson’s disease, are well known. The academic life of Jules Bernard Luys can be divided into two periods: a brilliant start as a neuroanatomist, culminating in the discovery of the STN, followed by a second period marked by a shift in his academic activity and an increased interest in topics such as hysteria, hypnotism and, eventually, esotericism.

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46

Ernst, Waltraud. "‘Under the influence’ in British India: James Esdaile's Mesmeric Hospital in Calcutta, and its critics." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 6 (November 1995): 1113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033092.

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SynopsisMesmerism was for a period very popular in Victorian Britain. The special clinical approach developed by Dr J. Esdaile while on duty in British India is elaborated in detail. The controversy surrounding Esdaile's treatment of surgical, medical and psychiatric cases at the ‘mesmeric hospital’ at Calcutta is discussed, and the main arguments are set within their contemporary socio-cultural context. Some of the arguments advanced for and against mesmerism contain concerns similar to those that have been raised during later decades in regard to hypnotism and hypnotherapy.

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47

Yang, Chien-Ming, Yu-Shuan Lai, Yun-Hsin Huang, Ya-Chuan Huang, and Hsin-Chien Lee. "Predicting Hypnotic Use among Insomnia Patients with the Theory of Planned Behavior and Craving." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12070209.

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While long-term hypnotic use is very common in clinical practice, the associated factors have been understudied. This study aims to explore the cognitive factors that might influence the long-term use of hypnotics based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and examines the moderating effect of craving between cognitive intention and actual hypnotic-use behavior at follow-up. A total of 139 insomnia patients completed a self-constructed TPB questionnaire to measure their attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention of hypnotic use, as well as the Hypnotic-Use Urge Scale (HUS) to measure their craving for hypnotics. They were then contacted through phone approximately three months later to assess their hypnotic use. Hierarchical regression showed that perceived behavioral control was the most significant determinant for behavioral intention of hypnotic use. Behavioral intention, in turn, can predict the frequency of hypnotic use after three months. However, this association was moderated by hypnotic craving. The association was lower among the participants with higher cravings for hypnotic use. The findings suggest that the patients’ beliefs about their control over sleep and daily life situations, and their craving for hypnotics should be taken into consideration in the management of hypnotic use.

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48

Kripke, Daniel F. "What do hypnotics cost hospitals and healthcare?" F1000Research 6 (April 21, 2017): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11328.1.

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Abstract:

Hypnotics (sleeping pills) are prescribed widely, but the economic costs of the harm they have caused have been largely unrecognized. Randomized clinical trials have proven that hypnotics increase the incidence of infections. Likewise, hypnotics increase the incidence of major depression and cause emergency admissions for overdoses and deaths. Epidemiologically, hypnotic use is associated with cancer, falls, automobile accidents, and markedly increased overall mortality. This article considers the costs to hospitals and healthcare payers of hypnotic-induced infections and other severe consequences of hypnotic use. These are a probable cause of excessive hospital admissions, prolonged lengths of stay at increased costs, and increased readmissions. Accurate information is scanty, for in-hospital hypnotic benefits and risks have scarcely been studied -- certainly not the economic costs of inpatient adverse effects. Healthcare costs of outpatient adverse effects likewise need evaluation. In one example, use of hypnotics among depressed patients was strongly associated with higher healthcare costs and more short-term disability. A best estimate is that U.S. costs of hypnotic harms to healthcare systems are on the order of $55 billion, but conceivably as low as $10 billion or as high as $100 billion. More research is needed to more accurately assess unnecessary and excessive hypnotics costs to providers and insurers, as well as financial and health damages to the patients themselves.

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49

Kripke, Daniel F. "What do hypnotics cost hospitals and healthcare?" F1000Research 6 (June 28, 2017): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11328.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Hypnotics (sleeping pills) are prescribed widely, but the economic costs of the harm they have caused have been largely unrecognized. Randomized clinical trials have observed that hypnotics increase the incidence of infections. Likewise, hypnotics increase the incidence of major depression and cause emergency admissions for overdoses and deaths. Epidemiologically, hypnotic use is associated with cancer, falls, automobile accidents, and markedly increased overall mortality. This article considers the costs to hospitals and healthcare payers of hypnotic-induced infections and other severe consequences of hypnotic use. These are a probable cause of excessive hospital admissions, prolonged lengths of stay at increased costs, and increased readmissions. Accurate information is scanty, for in-hospital hypnotic benefits and risks have scarcely been studied -- certainly not the economic costs of inpatient adverse effects. Healthcare costs of outpatient adverse effects likewise need evaluation. In one example, use of hypnotics among depressed patients was strongly associated with higher healthcare costs and more short-term disability. A best estimate is that U.S. costs of hypnotic harms to healthcare systems are on the order of $55 billion, but conceivably might be as low as $10 billion or as high as $100 billion. More research is needed to more accurately assess unnecessary and excessive hypnotics costs to providers and insurers, as well as financial and health damages to the patients themselves.

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50

Keshavarz, Azita, Hoda Heyrani Moghadam, Azade Keshavarz, and Raihane Akbarzade. "Treatment of Vaginismus Disorder with Mental Imagery and Hypnotism: A Case Study." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 (July 2013): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.545.

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