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1
Brancaccio, Maria Teresa. "Between Charcot and Bernheim: The debate on hypnotism in fin-de-siècle Italy." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0008.
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In the late 1870s, a small group of Italian psychiatrists became interested in hypnotism in the wake of the studies conducted by the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. Eager to engage in hypnotic research, these physicians referred to the scientific authority of French and German scientists in order to overcome the scepticism of the Italian medical community and establish hypnotism as a research subject based on Charcot's neuropathological model. In the following years, French studies on hypnotism continued to exert a strong influence in Italy. In the mid 1880s, studies on hypnotic suggestion by the Salpêtrière and Nancy Schools of hypnotism gave further impetus to research and therapeutic experimentation and inspired the emergence of an interpretative framework that combined theories by both hypnotic schools. By the end of the decade, however, uncertainties had arisen around both hypnotic theory and the therapeutic use of hypnotism. These uncertainties, which were linked to the crisis of the neuropathological paradigm that had to a large extent framed the understanding of hypnotism in Italy and the theoretical disagreements among the psychiatrists engaged in hypnotic research, ultimately led to a decline in interest in hypnotism in Italy.
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Wolffram, Heather. "Crime and hypnosis in fin-de-siècle Germany: the Czynski case." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0005.
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Lurid tales of the criminal use of hypnosis captured both popular and scholarly attention across Europe during the closing decades of the nineteenth century, culminating not only in the invention of fictional characters such as du Maurier's Svengali but also in heated debates between physicians over the possibilities of hypnotic crime and the application of hypnosis for forensic purposes. The scholarly literature and expert advice that emerged on this topic at the turn of the century highlighted the transnational nature of research into hypnosis and the struggle of physicians in a large number of countries to prise hypnotism from the hands of showmen and amateurs once and for all. Making use of the 1894 Czynski trial, in which a Baroness was putatively hypnotically seduced by a magnetic healer, this paper will examine the scientific, popular and forensic tensions that existed around hypnotism in the German context. Focusing, in particular, on the expert testimony about hypnosis and hypnotic crime during this case, the paper will show that, while such trials offered opportunities to criminalize and pathologize lay hypnosis, they did not always provide the ideal forum for settling scientific questions or disputes.
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Sommer, Andreas. "Professional Heresy: Edmund Gurney (1847–88) and the Study of Hallucinations and Hypnotism." Medical History 55, no. 3 (July 2011): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300005445.
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The English music theorist and philosophical writer Edmund Gurney was the first ‘fulltime’ psychical researcher in history. While he was primarily concerned with empirical evidence for telepathy, Gurney significantly contributed to the late nineteenth-century literature on hallucinations in the sane, and the psychology of hypnotism and dissociation. He conducted the first large-scale survey of hallucinations in the general public and, with Pierre Janet, was the first to publish experimental data suggesting dissociated streams of consciousness in hypnotism. This paper sketches Gurney's contributions to psychology and dynamic psychiatry in the context of his friendship with Frederic W.H. Myers and William James. It is argued that although Gurney's research into hallucinations and hypnotism had been embraced and assimilated by contemporary psychologists such as William James, Alfred Binet and others, his contributions to psychology have subsequently been marginalised because of the discipline's paradigmatic rejection of controversial research questions his findings were entangled with.
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Wils, Kaat. "From transnational to regional magnetic fevers: The making of a law on hypnotism in late nineteenth-century Belgium." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0007.
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In May 1892, Belgium adopted a law on the exercise of hypnotism. The signing of the law constituted a temporary endpoint to six years of debate on the dangers and promises of hypnotism, a process of negotiation between medical doctors, members of parliament, legal professionals and lay practitioners. The terms of the debate were not very different from what happened elsewhere in Europe, where, since the mid 1880s, hypnotism had become an object of public concern. The Belgian law was nevertheless unique in its combined effort to regulate the use of hypnosis in public and private, for purposes of entertainment, research and therapy. My analysis shows how the making of the law was a process of negotiation in which local, national and transnational networks and allegiances each played a part. While the transnational atmosphere of moral panic had created a seedbed for the law, its eventual outlook owed much to the powerful lobby work of an essentially local network of lay magnetizers, and to the renown of Joseph Delbœuf, professor at the University of Liège, whose work in the field of hypnotism stimulated several liberal doctors and members of Parliament from the Liège region to defend a more lenient law.
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Mauskopf, Seymour H. "Animal Magnetism, Early Hypnotism, and Psychical Research, 1766-1925: An Annotated Bibliography. Adam Crabtree." Isis 82, no. 2 (June 1991): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/355831.
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Bonet Safont, Juan Marcos. "Professors, Charlatans, and Spiritists: The Stage Hypnotist in Late Nineteenth-Century English Literature." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.007.
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In this paper I will explore the stereotype of the stage hypnotist in fiction literature through the analysis of the novellas Professor Fargo (1874) by Henry James (1843-1916) and Drink: A Love Story on a Great Question (1890) by Hall Caine (1853-1931). Both Professor Fargo and Drink form part of a literary subgenre referred to variously as “Hypnotic Fiction”, “Trance Gothic” or “mesmeric texts”. The objective of my research, which examines both the literary text itself and its historical and social context, is to offer new and interesting data that may contribute to the development of a poetics or theory of the literary subgenre of hypnotic fiction. In this sense, this article is an essential contribution to a broader analysis that I have been working on, focusing on highlighting the generic features of this type of literature by analysing the stereotypes of hypnotists in fiction.
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Laurens, Stéphane, Floriane Hanzo, and Pascal Morchain. "A Research Note on Delegation of Responsibility in the Observation of a Situation of Obedience to Authority." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 36, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236616642424.
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The objective of the research described here is to discover whether the features of obedience must be present in order for responsibility to be so attributed or whether the status of the actors and the meaning of the situation are sufficient. In two studies, we present animation showing the movements of three geometrical figures. The subjects are asked to describe the action and to divide 100% of responsibility between the three figures. The first study, conducted face to face (22 subjects), shows that a figure presented as an authority as opposed to a person is seen to take on a determining role in the action and is attributed 40% responsibility (vs. 17.9%). A second study (92 subjects) confirms this mechanism when the figure is presented as having other resources at its disposal (hypnotism and manipulation). The status of the actors and the meaning of the situation are therefore sufficient to prompt the attribution of responsibility to the figure presented as having the resources. These results lend support critiques of the agentic state theory.
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مصباح الدين, محمد. "تأثير إستراتـجيات معرفية والتلاعب الفكري فى تعليم اللغة العربية." Jurnal CMES 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.10.1.19870.
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Teaching is a knowledge and art. It is knowledge because all of its activities must be driven by scientific research findings, whereas it is artistic because of its applications on how the teaching is creative and singning a good impression. In order to this distinctive purpose, the good teaching need to several methods based on comprehensive and interdiciplinary research findings. This paper examines the influence of cognitif strategy and mind manipulation on Arabic language teaching. The finding shown by this paper is that the influence of both cognitif strategy and mind manipulation is significant. The significance of cognitif strategy is led by a number of actitivites i.e. practicing, receiving and delivering knowledge, analysing and concluding, arranging an input and output. In the other hand, the significance of mind manipulation is identified by a way the information is taken out, or the influencing on the subconscious is conducted, and by hypnotism and cultivation of ideas.
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Conti, Elizabeth C., Melinda A. Stanley, Amber B. Amspoker, and Mark E. Kunik. "Sedative-Hypnotic Use Among Older Adults Participating in Anxiety Research." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 85, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415016685330.
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Older adults are prescribed sedative-hypnotic medications at higher rates than younger adults. These are not recommended for older adults due to risk of sedation, cognitive impairment, and falls. Severe generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a possibly appropriate use of these medications in older people, but little is available on use of sedative-hypnotic medications among older adults with GAD. This study examined the frequency and predictors of sedative-hypnotic medication use among older adults screening positive for anxiety. 25.88% ( n = 125) of participants reported taking sedative-hypnotics over the past 3 months; 16.36% ( n = 79) reported taking benzodiazepines, and 12.22% ( n = 59) reported taking hypnotic sleep medications. Depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with sedative-hypnotic use than insomnia or worry. Major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, but not GAD, predicted sedative-hypnotic use. Other medications and treatments are more appropriate and efficacious for depression, anxiety, and insomnia in this population.
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Kripke, Daniel F. "What do hypnotics cost hospitals and healthcare?" F1000Research 6 (April 21, 2017): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11328.1.
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Hypnotics (sleeping pills) are prescribed widely, but the economic costs of the harm they have caused have been largely unrecognized. Randomized clinical trials have proven that hypnotics increase the incidence of infections. Likewise, hypnotics increase the incidence of major depression and cause emergency admissions for overdoses and deaths. Epidemiologically, hypnotic use is associated with cancer, falls, automobile accidents, and markedly increased overall mortality. This article considers the costs to hospitals and healthcare payers of hypnotic-induced infections and other severe consequences of hypnotic use. These are a probable cause of excessive hospital admissions, prolonged lengths of stay at increased costs, and increased readmissions. Accurate information is scanty, for in-hospital hypnotic benefits and risks have scarcely been studied -- certainly not the economic costs of inpatient adverse effects. Healthcare costs of outpatient adverse effects likewise need evaluation. In one example, use of hypnotics among depressed patients was strongly associated with higher healthcare costs and more short-term disability. A best estimate is that U.S. costs of hypnotic harms to healthcare systems are on the order of $55 billion, but conceivably as low as $10 billion or as high as $100 billion. More research is needed to more accurately assess unnecessary and excessive hypnotics costs to providers and insurers, as well as financial and health damages to the patients themselves.
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Kripke, Daniel F. "What do hypnotics cost hospitals and healthcare?" F1000Research 6 (June 28, 2017): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11328.2.
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Hypnotics (sleeping pills) are prescribed widely, but the economic costs of the harm they have caused have been largely unrecognized. Randomized clinical trials have observed that hypnotics increase the incidence of infections. Likewise, hypnotics increase the incidence of major depression and cause emergency admissions for overdoses and deaths. Epidemiologically, hypnotic use is associated with cancer, falls, automobile accidents, and markedly increased overall mortality. This article considers the costs to hospitals and healthcare payers of hypnotic-induced infections and other severe consequences of hypnotic use. These are a probable cause of excessive hospital admissions, prolonged lengths of stay at increased costs, and increased readmissions. Accurate information is scanty, for in-hospital hypnotic benefits and risks have scarcely been studied -- certainly not the economic costs of inpatient adverse effects. Healthcare costs of outpatient adverse effects likewise need evaluation. In one example, use of hypnotics among depressed patients was strongly associated with higher healthcare costs and more short-term disability. A best estimate is that U.S. costs of hypnotic harms to healthcare systems are on the order of $55 billion, but conceivably might be as low as $10 billion or as high as $100 billion. More research is needed to more accurately assess unnecessary and excessive hypnotics costs to providers and insurers, as well as financial and health damages to the patients themselves.
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Dietch, Jessica, Norah Simpson, Joshua Tutek, Isabelle Tully, Elizabeth Rangel, and Rachel Manber. "373 Historical Use of Substances for Insomnia Impacts Current Beliefs about Hypnotic Medications." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A148—A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.372.
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Abstract Introduction The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between current beliefs about hypnotic medications and historical use of prescription hypnotic medications or non-prescription substances for sleep (i.e., over the counter [OTC] medications, alcohol, and cannabis). Methods Participants were 142 middle age and older adults with insomnia (M age = 62.9 [SD = 8.1]; 71.1% female) enrolled in the RCT of the Effectiveness of Stepped-Care Sleep Therapy In General Practice (RESTING) study. Participants reported on history of substances they have tried for insomnia and completed the Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire-Specific with two subscales assessing beliefs about 1) the necessity for hypnotics, and 2) concerns about potential adverse consequences of hypnotics. Participants were grouped based on whether they had used no substances for sleep (No Subs, 11.6%), only prescription medications (Rx Only, 9.5%), only non-prescription substances (NonRx Only, 26.6%), or both prescription and non-prescription substances (Both, 52.3%). Results Sixty-one percent of the sample had used prescription medication for sleep and 79% had used non-prescription substances (74% OTC medication, 23% alcohol, 34% cannabis). The greater number of historical substances endorsed, the stronger the beliefs about necessity of hypnotics, F(1,140)=23.3, p<.001, but not about concerns. Substance groups differed significantly on necessity beliefs, F(3,1)=10.68, p<.001; post-hocs revealed the Both group had stronger beliefs than the No and NonRx Only groups. Substance groups also differed significantly on the concerns subscale, F(3,1)=6.68, p<.001; post-hocs revealed the NonRx Only group had stronger harm beliefs than the other three groups. Conclusion The majority of the sample had used both prescription and non-prescription substances to treat insomnia. Historical use of substances for treating insomnia was associated with current beliefs about hypnotics. Individuals who had used both prescription and non-prescription substances for sleep in the past had stronger beliefs about needing hypnotics to sleep at present, which may reflect a pattern of multiple treatment failures. Individuals who had only tried non-prescription substances for sleep may have specifically sought alternative substances due to concerns about using hypnotics. Future research should seek to understand the impact of treatment history on engagement in and benefit from non-medication-based treatment for insomnia. Support (if any) 1R01AG057500; 2T32MH019938-26A1
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Page, Andrew C., and Gavin Andrews. "Do Specific Anxiety Disorders Show Specific Drug Problems?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 3 (June 1996): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065007.
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Objective: Comorbidity between anxiety and substance use disorders was examined. The hypothesis was tested that social phobics may report greater problem alcohol use (if alcohol is used to manage social anxiety) while problem use of sedative-hypnotics may be greater in people with panic (who may be over-prescribed anxiolytics because they repeatedly seek medical assistance). Method: Self-reported lifetime rates of drug and alcohol problems were assessed with the computerised Diagnostic Interview Schedule — Revised. Subjects were 146 consecutive patients treated for panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia) and social phobia at the Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety Disorders. Results: High prevalences of alcohol problems (three times that expected) and problem use of sedative hypnotics (eight times that expected) were found in all diagnoses. Social phobics exhibited comparatively high rates of problem alcohol use, but no diagnostic specific differences in problem sedative-hypnotic use were found. Conclusion: Routine screening for drug and alcohol problems is necessary for patients with anxiety disorders.
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Yang, Xiaoxuan, Youssef Jounaidi, Kusumika Mukherjee, Ryan J. Fantasia, Eric C. Liao, Buwei Yu, and Stuart A. Forman. "Drug-selective Anesthetic Insensitivity of Zebrafish Lacking γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor β3 Subunits." Anesthesiology 131, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 1276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002963.
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Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Transgenic mouse studies suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors containing β3 subunits mediate important effects of etomidate, propofol, and pentobarbital. Zebrafish, recently introduced for rapid discovery and characterization of sedative-hypnotics, could also accelerate pharmacogenetic studies if their transgenic phenotypes reflect those of mammals. The authors hypothesized that, relative to wild-type, GABAA-β3 functional knock-out (β3-/-) zebrafish would show anesthetic sensitivity changes similar to those of β3-/- mice. Methods Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 mutagenesis was used to create a β3-/- zebrafish line. Wild-type and β3-/- zebrafish were compared for fertility, growth, and craniofacial development. Sedative and hypnotic effects of etomidate, propofol, pentobarbital, alphaxalone, ketamine, tricaine, dexmedetomidine, butanol, and ethanol, along with overall activity and thigmotaxis were quantified in 7-day postfertilization larvae using video motion analysis of up to 96 animals simultaneously. Results Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology showed that the wild-type zebrafish β3 gene encodes ion channels activated by propofol and etomidate, while the β3-/- zebrafish transgene does not. Compared to wild-type, β3-/- zebrafish showed similar morphology and growth, but more rapid swimming. Hypnotic EC50s (mean [95% CI]) were significantly higher for β3-/-versus wild-type larvae with etomidate (1.3 [1.0 to 1.6] vs. 0.6 [0.5 to 0.7] µM; P < 0.0001), propofol (1.1 [1.0 to 1.4] vs. 0.7 [0.6 to 0.8] µM; P = 0.0005), and pentobarbital (220 [190 to 240] vs. 130 [94 to 179] μM; P = 0.0009), but lower with ethanol (150 [106 to 213] vs. 380 [340 to 420] mM; P < 0.0001) and equivalent with other tested drugs. Comparing β3-/-versus wild-type sedative EC50s revealed a pattern similar to hypnosis. Conclusions Global β3-/- zebrafish are selectively insensitive to the same few sedative-hypnotics previously reported in β3 transgenic mice, indicating phylogenetic conservation of β3-containing GABAA receptors as anesthetic targets. Transgenic zebrafish are potentially valuable models for sedative-hypnotic mechanisms research.
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Jorge-Samitier, Pablo, María Teresa Fernández-Rodrigo, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Isabel Antón-Solanas, and Vicente Gea-Caballero. "Management of Hypnotics in Patients with Insomnia and Heart Failure during Hospitalization: A Systematic Review." Nursing Reports 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11020036.
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Background: Heart failure is a chronic, progressive syndrome of signs and symptoms, which has been associated to a range of comorbidities including insomnia. Acute decompensation of heart failure frequently leads to hospital admission. During hospital admission, long-term pharmacological treatments such as hypnotics can be modified or stopped. Aim: To synthesize the scientific evidence available about the effect of withdrawing hypnotic drugs during hospital admission in patients with decompensated heart failure and insomnia. Method: A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out in the following scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria: studies including a population of adults with heart failure and sleep disorders in treatment with hypnotics and admitted to hospital, studies written in English or Spanish and published until June 2020. Exclusion criteria: studies involving children, patients admitted to intensive care and patients diagnosed with sleep apnea. Results: We identified a total of 265 documents; only nine papers met the selection criteria. The most frequently used drugs for the treatment of insomnia in patients with heart failure were benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine agonists; their secondary effects can alter perceived quality of life and increase the risk of adverse effects. Withdrawal of these drugs during hospital admission could increase the risk of delirium. Future research in this area should evaluate the management of hypnotics during hospital admission in patients with decompensated heart failure. In addition, safe and efficient non-pharmacological alternatives for the treatment of insomnia in this population should be tested and implemented.
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Deltito, Joseph, and Lee Baer. "Hypnosis in the Treatment of Depression: Research and Theory." Psychological Reports 58, no. 3 (June 1986): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.3.923.
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The literature contains several case reports demonstrating the successful use of hypnosis in nonpsychotic, unipolar depression; controlled studies however are lacking. In an attempt to substantiate theoretically the anecdotal literature on hypnotic treatments of depression, we advance the following theory: hypnotic treatment can be viewed as both an antianxiety technique and as a facilitator of restructuring nihilistic cognitions in depression. Hypnosis, both theoretically and anecdotally, appears to facilitate the process of cognitive therapy. The importance of moderate to high hypnotic ability of patients is commented on, and the need for controlled clinical trials is noted.
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Alvarado, Carlos S. "Historians of Science Explore Psychical Research. A Review of "Los Límites de la Ciencia: Espiritismo, Hipnotismo y el Estudio de los Fenómenos Paranormales" [The Limits of Science: Spiritism, Hypnotism, and the Study of Paranormal Phenomena] By Annette Mülberger (Ed.)." Journal of Parapsychology 83, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2019.01.10.
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Pratiwi, Cut Rika, Elmeida Effendy, and Muhammad Surya Husada. "A Case of Acute Stress in Post-hypnotized Patient." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T3 (May 16, 2021): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6286.
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Background: Mental health conditions that can occur immediately after a traumatic event is called acute stress reaction; in this case, happens after hypnosis. This can cause a variety of psychological symptoms without attention or treatment, causesost-traumatic stress disorder.
The psychological symptoms can negatively affect the quality of life, especially the reactions arise after a traumatic event that after being hypnotized. Hypnosis works by changing the activity in brain regions associated with attention or alertness. At the time hypnotised, we saw a very high level of concentration, so that suggestions given to him will be more easily accepted.
Case Report: The case presented is the hypnotic impact of acute stress reactions. A woman named Mrs. J 63 years old. The Karo tribe who experienced anxiety, fear, and difficulty sleeping after experiencing hypnosis four days ago. This experienced it after being hypnotized at home.
Conclusion: Hypnosis plays a role in all parts of life involving human mind. Hypnosis is a science that exploits the potential mental and hidden in humans, known as the subconscious. in medical health, hypnosis therapy is very important, what we need to realize is that hypnosis with bad intentions can harm humans. Hypnosis incident was reported in patients who suffer from post traumatic stress disorder. found in many women. older women are more vulnerable to acute stress. Previous research has shown that hypnotic susceptibility correlated with personality traits.
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Woodard, Fredrick James. "An Argument for a Qualitative Research Approach to Hypnotic Experiencing and Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.955-966.
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An argument for the significance of a qualitative research approach to hypnotic experiencing and a perceptually oriented view of hypnosis is presented with hypnosis framed in phenomenological, humanistic, and perceptual terms. An outline of threads of thought in Popper's writings are consistent with such a perspective. Qualitative approaches are noted and support for theoretical discussions leading to deeper understanding of issues of hypnotic experiencing, such as unconscious processes, nonlinear experiences, and researchers' countertransference are examined. Some limitations of current quantitative approaches to examining hypnotic experiencing and myths about qualitative research are discussed.
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Woodard, Fredrick James. "A Phenomenological and Perceptual Research Methodology for Understanding Hypnotic Experiencing." Psychological Reports 95, no. 3 (December 2004): 887–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.3.887-904.
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Phenomenology and perceptual psychology opens up the essential meanings of hypnosis by presenting a qualitative method as an alternative to the current predominant quantitative method in the study of hypnosis. Scales that measure susceptibility from behavioral and cognitive aspects abound in the hypnosis literature, but understanding the structure of hypnotic experiencing is yet to come. A new qualitative approach to researching hypnotic experiencing by combining aspects of phenomenological research as in work of Giorgi, Moustakas, and Wertz, familiarity with Husserl's philosophy, and a perceptual psychological research method (cf. work by Combs, Richards, & Richards and by Wasicsko). The author utilized this combined methodology to formulate the theory of Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis. This methodology enables the therapist or professional and patient or client to share benefits from the effects of their hypnotic experiencing in its intersubjective sense. This method can be applied in numerous life situations such as teaching and therapy in addition to the experimental situation.
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Vlasov, O. O. "STATE OF SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS FOR CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY IN DIFFERENT COMBINED ANESTHESIA TYPES." International Medical Journal, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2021-1-5.
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General anesthesia for a surgical correction of congenital malformations in children is accompanied, in particular, by the disorders of systemic hemodynamics. In order to assess the impact of different types of combined anesthesia on the state of systemic hemodynamics in surgical correction of congenital malformations, a retrospective study of the treatment of 150 newborns and infants was conducted. These were children with various congenital malformations, but the most common were intestinal obstruction and abdominal tumors. Three groups of patients were formed depending on the type of combined anesthesia during surgical correction of abnormalities: I − inhalation (sevorane) + regional anesthesia; II − inhalation (sevorane) + intravenous anesthesia (fentanyl); III − total intravenous anesthesia with two drugs: analgesic (fentanyl) and drug sleep on the background of intravenous injection of hypnotics (20 % sodium oxybutyrate). There were preformed the surgeries: thoracic, urological, abdominal. The study was retrospectively evaluated in five stages. The analysis of systemic hemodynamics showed a tendency to reduce diastolic blood pressure in children treated with anesthesia with two intravenous drugs (hypnotic and fentanyl), during all observation stages and a significant decrease in this index at the most painful and traumatic period. At the time of induction of anesthesia in children there was a decrease in heart rate. According to the research results, it is concluded that when using the pre−hypnotics as part of combined anesthesia in children with congenital malformations during surgery there is a risk of complications from central hemodynamics in the form of vasodilation, which leads to a drop in blood pressure and increases compensatively the heart contractions. Key words: infants, congenital malformations, anesthesia, hemodynamics.
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Woodard, Fredrick James. "A Preliminary Phenomenological Study of Being Hypnotized and Hypnotizing." Psychological Reports 97, no. 2 (October 2005): 423–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.2.423-466.
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This paper presents phenomenological research conducted following Woodard's phenomenological and perceptual research methodology for understanding hypnotic experiencing. The research emphasizes examining the internal experiencings of individuals involved in hypnotic experiencing. Examples are presented of Individual Situated Structures and the General Structures from both a group of 8 participants who hypnotized their clients and another group of 17 individuals who volunteered to be hypnotized. The explicated themes identified in hypnotic experiencing (the hypnotic relationship, phenomenology of trance, use of imagination, problem with psychic energy, a gestalt of experiencing, and linear-nonlinear experiencing) are discussed. The author discusses limitations of this study and suggestions for further work.
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Neubauer, David N. "New Approaches in Managing Chronic Insomnia." CNS Spectrums 11, S8 (2006): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900026687.
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ABSTRACTDespite a high prevalence in the United States, insomnia remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Extensive research has identified several factors that contribute to the inadequate treatment of insomnia, including the failure of patients to report insomnia to physicians, limited physician training, and physician misconceptions about the risks associated with hypnotic medications. To achieve optimal patient outcomes, physicians differentiate acute from chronic insomnia and distinguish primary insomnia from sleep disorders that occur with comorbid conditions, most notably psychiatric illnesses such as circadian rhythm disturbances. In addition, they utilize sleep hygiene measures, behavioral therapy, and/or pharmacologic medications to improve sleep problems in patients with insomnia. Newer nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists are effective with fewer side effects than older benzodiazepine agonists; however, in 2005 a National Institutes of Health panel on chronic insomnia management indicated that clinical trials are needed to establish the long-term benefits of the newer drugs. Since 2005, data from clinical trials lasting 6 months to 1 year have been published for hypnotics including eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem extended-release. As the result of potentially altered dosing and monitoring, elderly patients require special consideration.
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Jobe, S. L., J. S. Albrecht, S. M. Scharf, A. M. Johnson, and E. M. Wickwire. "0538 What Happens After Prescription of Insomnia Medication Among Older Adults?" Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.535.
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Abstract Introduction Despite consensus recommendations regarding need for caution and careful management, sedative hypnotic insomnia therapies remain commonly prescribed among older adults. Further, sleep medications are often prescribed in the absence of a thorough sleep history or evaluation. However, little is known about delivery of sleep-related care following prescription of insomnia medications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize the course of sleep-related care following a prescription fill for insomnia medication among older adults. Methods Our data source was a random 5% sample of Medicare administrative claims data from 2006-2013. Insomnia medications were identified by searching the Part D prescription drug claims and included FDA-approved insomnia-related medication classes and drugs. Sleep disorders were operationalized using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Descriptive analyses were performed to estimate the number of insomnia medication users who received sleep disorder diagnoses. Results A total of 33,252 Medicare beneficiaries without prior history of sleep disorders received at least one FDA-approved insomnia medication fill between 2006-2013. Of these, 43.2% (n=14,354) eventually received a sleep disorder diagnosis. Among those receiving a sleep diagnosis after being prescribed insomnia medication, insomnia was the most common disorder (71.0%; n=10,198). Further, 15.0% (n=2,149) of individuals who were prescribed insomnia medication received an obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis, 6.6% (n=947) were diagnosed with sleep disturbances, and 5.9% (n=845) were diagnosed with restless legs syndrome. Of those who received a sleep disorder diagnosis, 95.1% (n=13,649) were diagnosed with one sleep disorder, 4.5% (n=639) were diagnosed with two sleep disorders, and 0.4% (n=66) were diagnosed with three or more sleep disorders. Conclusion Fewer than half of Medicare beneficiaries prescribed FDA-approved sedative hypnotic insomnia medications ever received a formal sleep-related diagnosis. These results suggest that clinicians prescribe sedative hypnotics without thoroughly evaluating sleep complaints. Support This research was supported by an AASM Strategic Research Award from the AASM Foundation to the University of Maryland, Baltimore (PI: EMW).
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Lynn, Steven Jay, Joseph P. Green, Craig P. Polizzi, Stacy Ellenberg, Ashwin Gautam, and Damla Aksen. "Hypnosis, Hypnotic Phenomena, and Hypnotic Responsiveness: Clinical and Research Foundations—A 40-Year Perspective." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 67, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 475–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2019.1649541.
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Pompili, Andrea, and Manuela Boccolini. "Attenzione focalizzata, suscettibilitŕ ipnotica e ipnosi: una ricerca." IPNOSI, no. 1 (July 2012): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ipn2012-001002.
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Studies on susceptibility to hypnotic suggestion lead us to consider the level of Hypnotic Susceptibility) of the subject as one of the factors affecting trance. Therefore, the possible relationship between attention, hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility has been investigated by a research. The core assumption is that, through specific inductive techniques, you can get changes in the ability to focus and that the level of susceptibility or hypnotic suggestibility of the subject may, in turn, influence the effectiveness of hypnosis.
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Nakra, Bharat Raj S., Jeffrey D. Gfeller, and Rakhshanda Hassan. "A Double-Blind Comparison of the Effects of Temazepam and Triazolam on Residual, Daytime Performance in Elderly Insomniacs." International Psychogeriatrics 4, no. 1 (June 1992): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610292000899.
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Benzodiazepine hypnotic medications are widely prescribed for elderly patients, but there is a paucity of information available concerning the resudual cognitive and psychomotor (the morning-after) effects of these drugs. We compared two commonly used hypnotics—temazepam and triazolam—in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose study with community-dwelling healthy elderly with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of primary insomnia. Fortyfive subjects over the age of 65 (mean age 72.23, SD = 4.44) qualified for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups (placebo, triazolam 0.125 mg., triazolam 0.25 mg., temazepam 15 mg., and temazepam 30 mg.). Neuropsychological testing was completed at baseline and 12–14 hours after the dosing.Patients were evaluated with a variety of tests that measured attention, concentration, motor speed, immediate memory, and learning of new information. Separate repeated measured analyses of variance were performed to assess the significant changes among the five treatment groups. We found improved performance or no change in all the measures for all medication groups except for impairment of performance on a serial learning task for both high-dose medication groups. The significance of these results and the need for further research in elderly insomniacs is discussed.
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Aigul, Dauletkulova, and Kurmanbekkyzy Nurgul. "Competence-Oriented Task as Means of Quality Improvement of Mathematical Education." International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijsms.2018.3.2.07.
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Integration of Kazakhstan into the world educational space makes it necessary to align with the requirements of the state and society to orient the education of the younger generation on the development of competencies that promote the concept of "education through life". Significant changes in the priorities in school education in the world in recent years require a reorientation to a competence approach, continuous self-education, mastering new information technologies, the ability to cooperate and work in groups.
The purpose of our research is to improve the quality of school mathematics education with the help of competence-oriented assignments.
For the analysis of the analyzed targets, the analysis of the native and chemical methapods is analyzed; the systematic analysis of the mathematical encounters and the reconstruction of the infectious information with the help of hypotheses and analgesia, comparison and hypnotism, analysis and synthesis, modeling and mental ex- periment; Diagnostic methods with the goal of designing the formation of coarse mnogoapektnyh central design of the person; the isolation of the criteria for the design of a diagonal quality - a system of colors that characterize the structure of the complex of personalities in the world; methods of observation, caution, a systematic analysis of the results.
When solving competency-oriented tasks, students are able to use and notice the general in the private, to reveal the significance of established facts and patterns, to form and develop the basic mental operations.
The methods for solving competence-oriented tasks should not only promote the development of skills and skills that meet the program requirements, but also the development of creative cognitive activities. These include tasks that familiarize schoolchildren with non-standard methods of reasoning, but do not require the extension of the curriculum material.
The nature of the representation of competence-oriented tasks takes into account the psychological characteristics of students' perception of information. In particular, it is desirable that the conditions of the problems allow rather simple graphic or "subject" illustrations.
In conclusion, we note that competence-oriented tasks should include entertaining tasks that are diverse in terms of the story, in the formulation of questions, in the methods of solutions. It is desirable to include in the system tasks, the solution of which is divided in time and whose purpose is the development of certain skills and abilities, the consolidation of methods of reasoning, methods of solving problems, the development of spatial representations, the formation and development of mental operations, such as: analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, etc.
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Spanos, Nicholas P. "Hypnotic behavior: A social-psychological interpretation of amnesia, analgesia, and “trance logic”." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, no. 3 (September 1986): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00046537.
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AbstractThis paper examines research on three hypnotic phenomena: suggested amnesia, suggested analgesia, and “trance logic.” For each case a social-psychological interpretation of hypnotic behavior as a voluntary response strategy is compared with the traditional special-process view that “good” hypnotic subjects have lost conscious control over suggestion-induced behavior. I conclude that it is inaccurate to describe hypnotically amnesic subjects as unable to recall the material they have been instructed to forget. Although amnesics present themselves as unable to remember, they in fact retain control over retrieval processes and accommodate their recall (or lack of it) to the social demands of the test situation. Hypnotic suggestions of analgesia do not produce a dissociation of pain from phenomenal awareness. Nonhypnotic suggestions of analgesia and distractor tasks that deflect attention from the'noxious stimuli are as effective as hypnotic suggestions in producing reductions in reported pain. Moreover, when appropriately motivated, subjects low in hypnotic suggestibility report pain reductions as large as those reported by highly suggestible hypnotically analgesic subjects. Finally, the data fail to support the view that a tolerance for logical incongruity (i.e., trance logic) uniquely characterizes hypnotic responding. So-called trance-logic-governed responding appears to reflect the attempts of “good” subjects to meet implicit demands to report accurately what they experience.
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Raul, Namita, Ketan Vinayakrao Hatware, Sanjay Sharma, Kiran Patil, Sravani Karri, and Rupesh Kumar Gautam. "ANTIOXIDANT, SEDATIVE AND HYPNOTIC POTENTIAL OF MILK EXTRACT OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS: A COMPLIMENTARY MEDICINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INSOMNIA." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 11 (February 26, 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.11.12725.
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The Myristica fragrans (MF) is well known in Ayurveda for many therapeutic uses. The present research work was carried out to investigate the antioxidant (in vitro), sedative and hypnotic effects of the MFmilk extracts in Wistar rats. The extraction was carried out by hot percolation and cold maceration methods. The phytochemical, HPLC and pharmacological evaluations were done. The overall sedative and hypnotic effects of the different extracts were evaluated using the parameters locomotor activity, muscle strength and thiopental induced sleeping time. The milk extracts shown the presence of quercetin. It was confirmed using HPLC analysis, which might be responsible for its in-vitro antioxidant activity. The extract also showed the significant (P<0.05) sedative and hypnotic effect at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg on oral administration. Consequently, the treated groups have shown a significant increase in thiopental induced sleeping time. The study concluded that the milk extracts possess antioxidant, sedative and hypnotic activity. further research is needed to develop suitable formulation and to establish the mechanism of action of milk extract of MF.
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Karpenko, Maksym. "THE LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF HYPNOTIC DISCOURSE (CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND CHINESE HYPNOTIC TEXTS)." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-10.
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The linguistic features of hypnotic communication in the context of psychotherapy are outlined. This area is topical due to insufficient knowledge in spite of the significant role of the speech component in the process of hypnotic suggestion and, as a result, the interest of researchers in it. The aim of our research is to characterize the phenomenon of hypnotic discourse and dwell on the basic linguistic peculiarities of hypnotic communication. The object of our research is the hypnotic discourse in the Chinese and English languages, the mechanisms of conducting a hypnotic communicative act in these two languages serve as its subject. Recordings of hypnotherapists’ speech during performing hypnosis serve as the material for our study. The article describes various approaches to understanding hypnosis, and also identifies common features in them: 1) a decrease in the degree of awareness of the environment and the intensity of human psychomotor activity, which resembles sleep; 2) this process is the result of the cooperation of a person, who is referred to as a client, with a person who is referred to as a therapist; 3) an increase in the likelihood of successful suggestion. The algorithm of a typical hypnotic session was outlined, namely, it commonly includes such components as induction, suggestion, and termination of the trance. The linguistic patterns used by the hypnotherapist to elicit a hypnotic trance state in the client are analysed in the study. In particular, two groups of such patterns were identified: those that use universal laws for modeling causal relationships (they include such patterns as pseudological connection using conjunctions, implicit causative, explicit causative, and implication of understanding deep cognitive processes), and those that lead to transderivational search (they include generalized reference index and violation of selectional restriction). The analysis and comparison of the English and Chinese material was carried out to identify the peculiarities of the usage of the abovementioned linguistic patterns in each of these two languages.
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Razavi, D., N. Delvaux, C. Farvacques, F. De Brier, C. Van Heer, L. Kaufman, M. P. Derde, M. Beauduin, and M. Piccart. "Prevention of adjustment disorders and anticipatory nausea secondary to adjuvant chemotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing the usefulness of alprazolam." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 7 (July 1993): 1384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.7.1384.
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PURPOSE AND METHODS Although a high prevalence of adjustment disorders and anticipatory nausea secondary to adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) has been reported, little has been done to develop strategies to prevent these problems. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was therefore designed to assess the usefulness of adding low-dose alprazolam (0.5 mg to 2 mg per day) to a psychologic support program including progressive relaxation training designed to prevent the aforementioned conditions. Fifty-seven women undergoing adjuvant CT for stage II primary breast cancer agreed to participate in the assessment, which was conducted at four time points: before starting CT, 6 weeks after CT, before the fourth CT, and after the fourth CT. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), Revised Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis (MANE), and World Health Organization (WHO) grading of acute and subacute toxicities were used to compare the alprazolam (AA) and placebo (PA) arms of the study. RESULTS At the second evaluation, the results showed a higher rate of anticipatory nausea (18% v 0%) in the PA compared with the AA arm (P = .038). These differences were no more significant at each of the further assessments. Significant differences were found for the intake of hypnotics at each assessment visit, with the rate of hypnotic users being significantly higher in the PA (19%) compared with the AA (0%) arm at the fourth assessment (P < .05). Anxiety and depression scores of self- and observer-report were similar in the two arms. A significant relationship was found between the development of anticipatory nausea and the self-report of anxiety and depression score measured by HADS at baseline. The average HADS total score at baseline was 15.33 (SD = 6.56) for patients who developed anticipatory nausea and 11.23 (SD = 6.67) for other patients. CONCLUSION The adjunct of alprazolam to a psychologic support program delays the occurrence of anticipatory nausea and controls sleeping problems secondary to adjunct CT. Although studies are needed to improve the efficacy reported here, physicians may already consider the use of alprazolam for cancer patients undergoing CT.
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Lynn, Steven Jay, James R. Council, and Joseph P. Green. "Guest Editorial: Assessing Hypnotic Responsiveness in Clinical and Research Settings." American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 44, no. 3-4 (January 2002): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2002.10403478.
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Cox, Rochelle E., and Amanda J. Barnier. "Hypnotic illusions and clinical delusions: Hypnosis as a research method." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 15, no. 1-3 (January 2010): 202–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13546800903319884.
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WOODARD, FREDRICK JAMES. "A PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND PERCEPTUAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR UNDERSTANDING HYPNOTIC EXPERIENCING." Psychological Reports 95, no. 7 (2004): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.7.887-904.
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Alexander, John E., Katy H. Stimpson, Jessie Kittle, and David Spiegel. "The Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) in Clinical Practice and Research." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 69, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2021.1836646.
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Lee, Kuei-Hua, Yueh-Ting Tsai, Jung-Nien Lai, and Shun-Ku Lin. "Concurrent Use of Hypnotic Drugs and Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapies among Taiwanese Adults with Insomnia Symptoms: A Population-Based Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/987862.
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Background. The increased practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) worldwide has raised concerns regarding herb-drug interactions. The purpose of our study is to analyze the concurrent use of Chinese herbal products (CHPs) among Taiwanese insomnia patients taking hypnotic drugs.Methods. The usage, frequency of services, and CHP prescribed among 53,949 insomnia sufferers were evaluated from a random sample of 1 million beneficiaries in the National Health Insurance Research Database. A logistic regression method was used to identify the factors that were associated with the coprescription of a CHP and a hypnotic drug. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of hip fracture between the two groups.Results. More than 1 of every 3 hypnotic users also used a CHP concurrently.Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San(Augmented Rambling Powder) andSuan-Zao-Ren-Tang(Zizyphus Combination) were the 2 most commonly used CHPs that were coadministered with hypnotic drugs. The HR of hip fracture for hypnotic-drug users who used a CHP concurrently was 0.57-fold (95% CI = 0.47–0.69) that of hypnotic-drug users who did not use a CHP.Conclusion. Exploring potential CHP-drug interactions and integrating both healthcare approaches might be beneficial for the overall health and quality of life of insomnia sufferers.
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Woodard, Fredrick James. "Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis: Cross-Cultural Perspectives." Psychological Reports 97, no. 1 (August 2005): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.1.141-157.
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Literature is reviewed and summarized relevant to present cross-cultural, shamanic, and spiritual aspects of hypnosis. Explanations are offered within the framework of Woodard's theory of Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis. Research on cross-cultural aspects of hypnosis could enhance understanding of phenomenological and perceptual aspects of hypnosis, increase knowledge of hypnotic phenomena, and expand understanding of perceptual awareness. A summary of the qualitative research methodologies to enhance understanding of multicultural hypnotic experiences is presented. This groundwork provides for further exploration of cross-cultural hypnosis. Surprisingly, some suggestions have remained underutilized or not published.
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Azzone, Vanessa, Richard G. Frank, Juliana R. Pakes, Craig C. Earle, and Michael J. Hassett. "Behavioral Health Services for Women Who Have Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 5 (February 10, 2009): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.16.3006.
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Purpose To explore whether the use of behavioral health services (BHS) among women with breast cancer is influenced by how insurance plans administer these services, we compared utilization of psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic medications among women with breast cancer who received BHS coverage through a carve-out versus integrated arrangement. Patients and Methods We analyzed insurance claims, enrollment data, and benefit design data from the MarketScan Commercial Claims & Encounters Research Database for the years 1998 to 2002 for women ≤ 63 years old with newly diagnosed breast cancer. We compared the probability of receiving psychotherapy, the likelihood of receiving antidepressant/antianxiety/hypnotic medications, and the number of psychotherapy sessions used during the year after a breast cancer diagnosis among women whose behavioral health services were provided through carve-out versus integrated arrangements. Results Women enrolled in carve-outs were significantly less likely to receive any psychotherapy visits compared with women in integrated arrangements (odds ratio, 0.68; P < .01). Conditional on having received psychotherapy, however, women in carve-out arrangements used more psychotherapy visits than women in integrated arrangements. The use of antianxiety/hypnotic drugs was significantly higher for women in carve-out arrangements versus women in integrated arrangements (36.1% v 32.6%, P < .05). Moreover, women who received psychotherapy were significantly more likely to received antidepressants and antianxiety/hypnotic medications (five and three times more likely, respectively). Conclusion The type of BHS arrangement was associated with the utilization of psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic medications among women with breast cancer.
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Woodard, Fredrick J. "Response to Lynn, et al.'s “Evaluation of Woodard's Theory of Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis”." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.431-436.
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In this article some misunderstandings of Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis presented in the recent evaluation by Lynn, et al. are pointed out. Perceptually Oriented Hypnosis emphasizes individual differences naturally occurring in the experience of everyday life or being-in-the-world and differentiation as major themes to understanding hypnosis. Woodard advocates that qualitative research enhances our understanding of hypnotic experiencing and allows us to examine hypnotic phenomena that elude the laboratory and control settings.
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Wagstaff, Graham F. "Hypnosis and the Law." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808321669.
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The traditional view of the hypnotized person as someone in a state of automatism, possessed of transcendent powers, is still popular among the general public. This has obvious implications for legal issues concerning possible coercion through hypnosis and the use of hypnosis for interviewing witnesses. However, it is now the opinion of most researchers that hypnosis does not induce a state of automatism, and caution should be exercised when employing hypnotic procedures to facilitate memory. It is concluded that better progress will be made in countering public misconceptions about hypnosis, and in benefiting from research on the applications of hypnotic interviewing procedures, if more effort is made to use concepts and terminology that relate hypnotic phenomena to everyday behavior and experience.
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Bravo Herrero, S., C. Moreno Menguiano, R. Martín Aragón, M. Gutiérrez Rodríguez, J. F. Cruz Fourcade, N. Rodríguez Criado, P. Muñoz-Calero Franco, and B. Sánchez Sánchez. "Management of Late-life Insomnia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S468—S469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1706.
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IntroductionInsomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder in late life. Forty-two percent of elderly people in the United States often complain about difficulties to get or maintain sleep, or awakening too early. Insomnia is frequent in old people greatly due to frequency of concomitant medical illnesses and polypharmacy, rather than because of age.ObjectivesThe objective of our research was to revise the current state of knowledge about management of insomnia in people above 65 years of age.MethodologyFor that, a bibliographical search through PubMed.gov has been made. From the obtained results, the 14 which best suited for our goals were selected, 10 of them dealing with people above 65 years and the rest with people above 75 or 80 years of age.ResultsBased on the literature reviewed, the current options of management of late-life insomnia are based on behavioral or pharmacological therapy. The combination of behavioral therapies shows results and is currently considered as an option, especially given the possibility of medicine interaction and the secondary effects hypnotic and sedative medicines might produce. There is a paucity of long-term safety and efficacy data for the use of non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics. There are no criteria for the use of antidepressant sedatives in elderly people without diagnosed depression, although they are still used in practice.ConclusionPossibility of using behavioral therapy as first option. In case of polymedicated or multi-pathological patients, pay special attention when starting a pharmacological treatment, choose the most suitable one and supervise it closely.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Forbes, Elizabeth J., and Ronald J. Pekala. "Predicting Hypnotic Susceptibility via a Phenomenological Approach." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1251.
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The hypnotic susceptibility of 300 nursing students was predicted via an instrument called the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. The students experienced the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and subsequently completed the self-report inventory with reference to their experience of hypnosis. Regression analyses generated a multiple R of .67 between subjects' susceptibility, as measured by the Harvard scale, and their predicted susceptibility, based on the (sub)dimensions of the inventory. Additional analyses gave a validity coefficient of .61 between the Harvard scale scores of the subjects in the present study and their predicted scores, using regression coefficients obtained in an earlier study. The results replicated previous research and suggest that the inventory may be a useful instrument in predicting hypnotic susceptibility in a less obtrusive fashion than the Harvard scale.
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Muhr, Paula. "Visualising the Hypnotised Brain: Hysteria Research from Charcot to Functional Brain Scans." Culture Unbound 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.181065.
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Contrary to the widely held belief in the humanities that hysteria no longer exists, this article shows that the advent of new brain imaging technologies has reignited scientific research into this age-old disorder, once again linking it to hypnosis. Even though humanities scholarship to date has paid no attention to it, image-based research of hysteria via hypnosis has been hailed in specialist circles for holding the potential to finally unravel the mystery of this elusive disorder. Following a succinct overview of how hypnosis was used in the nineteenth century hysteria research, the article details how the relationship between hysteria and hypnosis is currently renegotiated in the context of brain imaging studies. It shows that the current research has so far failed to deliver on its promise of uncovering the link between hysteria and hypnosis. It further argues that despite huge technological advances in imaging technologies, contemporary researchers grapple with conceptual problems comparable to those that plagued their nineteenth century predecessors.
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Tubbs, Andrew, Michelle Naps, Michael Grandner, and Louis Rivera. "350 Opioid Use and Abuse are Associated with Use of Sedative Hypnotic Medications." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.349.
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Abstract Introduction The Department of Health and Human Services recently reported that 10.3 million people misused opioid drugs in 2018. Recent research attributed 21% of the deaths from opioid overdose to benzodiazepines. The overdose data and clinical experience show that opioid misusers commonly complain of insomnia and use hypnotic medications to self-medicate their sleep disturbance. At the same time, it remains unclear from a scientific perspective whether those who use/abuse opioids are more likely to use drugs in the sedative-hypnotic medication category. Consequently, the present study explores the relationship between comorbid use of opioids and sedative-hypnotic medications. Methods We extracted data from the 2015–2018 waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=171,766). The primary outcome was the use of sedative-hypnotic medications, either in the z-class (zaleplon, zolpidem, eszopiclone) or sedating benzodiazepines (temazepam, flurazepam, triazolam). The primary exposures were prescription use of an opioid or abuse of an opioid (i.e., use of an illegal opioid such as heroin or misuse of a prescription opioid). Covariates included age, sex, race, income, education, and predicted mental illness category (none, mild, moderate, severe). Exposures were balanced on covariates using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Sequential binomial logistic regression estimated the association between opioid use/abuse and sedative-hypnotic use after adjusting for covariates. Results Opioid use and abuse varied by age, sex, race, education, and income (all p < 0.001). When adjusted for age, sex, and race (Model 1), sedative benzodiazepine use was more common among opioid users (OR 4.4 [4.04–4.79] and opioid abusers (OR 11.9 [9.72–14.5]). The use of z-class drugs was also more prevalent in opioid users (OR 3.69 [3.48–3.89]) and abusers (OR 7.74 [6.97–8.60]). Further adjusting for income and education (Model 2) and mental illness category (Model 3) attenuated but did not eliminate these associations. Conclusion Individuals who use or abuse opioids are significantly more likely to receive a sedative-hypnotic medication, a finding that is of concern and one that also suggests that sleep disturbance is common in this population. Further research is needed to determine the underlying nature and prevalence of sleep continuity disturbances in this population. Support (if any) VA grant IK2CX000855 and I01 CX001957 (S.C.).
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Botturi, A., P. Gaviani, V. Redaelli, G. Simonetti, C. Lucchiari, and A. Silvani. "P12.08 Efficacy of trazodone slow release in insomnia associated with high-dose steroid therapy in neuro-oncological patients." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2021): ii32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.110.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Insomnia linked to therapeutical intake of intravenous (IV) megadoses of steroid (Mgds, 8–16 mg) is a common side effect in neuro-oncology patients. Hypno-inducing drugs (IP) and Benzodiazepines (BDZ) can provoke drug interference and daytime sedation. Trazodone (Trz) is an atypical antidepressant with poor liver metabolism; it has moderate histamine-1 (H1) receptor antagonism and possesses some anxiolytic and hypnotic properties. We tested the use of the Trz retard (RP) formulation as a hypnotic drug in patients undergoing a therapeutic regimen with IV Mgds. To evaluate anxiety and side effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS 10 patients (6 females and 4 males) admitted to the Neuro-oncology Department of the Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta” treated with Mgds IV. The average age was 55 years and the mean HAM-A score was 25. Instruments included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Trz RP was administered at a dosage of 25-50-75 mg/day in the evening. RESULTS All 10 patients reported improved hypnotic profiles within the third day of Trz RP administration. Four patients improved on the first day. Reduction of the HAM-A score was found on the third day. No adverse events (epilepsy, daytime sedation, incontinence) were observed in 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Trz RP proved to have a swift beneficial effect on sleep and anxiety without side effects in the short term. Trz may be preferred to IP and BDZ in patients receiving IV Mgds, considering the lack of daytime sedation and the reduced pharmacological inference. Larger samples will enable future research to better describe the characteristics and the indication of Trz.
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Neuschatz, Jeffrey S., Steven Jay Lynn, Greg E. Benoit, and Rachael Fite. "Hypnosis and Memory Illusions: An Investigation Using the Deese/Roediger and McDermott Paradigm." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 22, no. 1 (September 2002): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ypc4-wmk6-xu4r-kuv9.
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Our research used the Deese/Roediger and McDermott paradigm [1] to examine the effects of hypnosis on memory. The paradigm yielded a high rate of false recognition (>.70), regardless of whether participants were hypnotized or not. Hypnotized ( N = 21) and non-hypnotized ( N = 20) participants reported high false recognition rates and were very confident in their remembrances, independent of their recognition accuracy and their level of hypnotic suggestibility (medium vs. high). Although our results provide no support for the proposition that hypnosis is a viable memory enhancement procedure, hypnosis did not impair recognition above and beyond the non-hypnotic condition.
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Jensen, Mark P., and David R. Patterson. "Hypnotic approaches for chronic pain management: Clinical implications of recent research findings." American Psychologist 69, no. 2 (2014): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035644.
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Wang, Ting, Taifang Chen, and Jinwen Wang. "Application of Music Therapy in Intervention Research of Autistic Children." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 03083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125303083.
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With the continuous development of China's information technology, medical information is also constantly innovating, which is conducive to the diversity and effectiveness of the treatment of various diseases, including autism. Music therapy is the embodiment of the innovation of information media in medical informationization. Music therapy is a kind of information communication medium that uses music to stimulate and hypnotize people and stimulate physical reactions in various forms of music activities to promote people's physical and mental health. It is often used in the intervention research of autism. This article summarizes the effectiveness of music therapy for children with ASD in the latest research at home and abroad, and the advantages of music therapy in promoting social communication, improving attention, reducing stereotyped behavior, and improving negative emotions in children with ASD. It also reveals music How the treatment can improve the facial emotion recognition ability of children with ASD, the role of assistive robots and family participation in the music therapy of children with ASD.
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Bo, Agula, Lengge Si, Yuehong Wang, Lan Xiu, Rihan Wu, Yutang Li, Rigenjiya Mu, et al. "Clinical Trial Research on Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture in Treating Insomnia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6190285.
Full textAbstract:
Objective.Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders. Hypnotics have poor long-term efficacy. Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating insomnia. The paper evaluates the role of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in treating insomnia by investigating the Mongolian medicine syndromes and conditions, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and polysomnography indexes.Method.The patients were diagnosed in accordance with International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2). The insomnia patients were divided into the acupuncture group (40 cases) and the estazolam group (40 cases). The patients underwent intervention of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture and estazolam. The indicators of the Mongolian medicine syndromes and conditions, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and polysomnography indexes (PSG) have been detected.Result.Based on the comparison of the Mongolian medicine syndrome scores between the warm acupuncture group and the drug treatment group, the result indicatedP<0.01. The clinical efficacy result showed that the effective rate (85%) in the warm acupuncture group was higher than that (70%) in the drug group. The total scores of PSQI of both groups were approximated. The sleep quality indexes of both groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). The sleep quality index in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group decreased significantly (P<0.01) and was better than that in the estazolam group. The sleep efficiency and daytime functions of the patients in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group improved significantly (P<0.01). The sleep time was significantly extended (P<0.01) in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group following PSG intervention. The sleep time during NREM in the Mongolian warm acupuncture group increased significantly (P<0.01). The sleep time exhibited a decreasing trend during REM and it decreased significantly in the Mongolian warm acupuncture group (P<0.01). The percentage of sleep time in the total sleep time during NREM3+4 in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group increased significantly.Conclusion.Mongolian medical warm acupuncture is efficient and safe in treating insomnia. It is able to better improve the patients’ sleep time and daytime functions. It is better than that in the estazolam group following drug withdrawal in terms of improving the sleep time. It is more effective in helping the insomnia patients than hypnotics.