Journal articles: 'Hyperthermia cancer magnetic field'

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Choi, D. S., J. Park, S. Kim, D. H. Gracias, M. K. Cho, Y. K. Kim, A. Fung, et al. "Hyperthermia with Magnetic Nanowires for Inactivating Living Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 2323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.273.

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We describe a method to induce hyperthermia in cells, in-vitro, by remotely heating Ni nanowires (NWs) with radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. Ni NWs were internalized by human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Only cells proximal to NWs or with internalized NWs changed shape on exposure to RF fields indicative of cell death. The cell death occurs as a result of hyperthermia, since the RF field remotely heats the NWs as a result of magnetic hysteresis. This is the first demonstration of hyperthermia induced by NWs; since the NWs have anisotropic and strong magnetic moments, our experiments suggest the possibility of performing hyperthermia at lower field strengths in order to minimize damage to untargeted cells in applications such as the treatment of cancer.

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Mostafa Yusefi, Kamyar Shameli, and Siti Nur Amalina Mohamad Sukri. "Magnetic Nanoparticles In Hyperthermia Therapy: A Mini-Review." Journal of Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/jrnn.2.1.5160.

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The activation of MNPs for hyperthermia therapy via an external alternating magnetic field is an interesting method in targeted cancer therapy. This mini-review explains new developments and implications of magnetic nanofluids mediated magnetic hyperthermia for their potential use in future clinical settings. The external alternating magnetic field generates heat in the tumor area to eliminate cancer cells. Depending on the tumor type and targeted area, several kinds of MNPs with different coating agents of various morphology and surface charge have been developed. The tunable physiochemical characteristics of MNPs enhance their heating capability. In addition, heating efficiency is strongly associated with the amount of the applied magnetic field and frequency. The great efforts have offered promising preclinical trials of magnetic hyperthermia via MNPs as a smart nanoagent. MNPs are very appropriate to be considered as a heating source in MHT and prospective research in this field will lead to tackle the problems from chemotherapy and introduce promising therapeutic techniques and nanodrug formulations for remotely controlled drug release and anticancer effects. This mini-review aims to pinpoint synthesis and structural analysis of various magnetic nanoparticles examined for magnetic hyperthermia therapy and controlled drug release in cancer treatment.

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GIUSTINI, ANDREW J., ALICIA A. PETRYK, SHIRAZ M. CASSIM, JENNIFER A. TATE, IAN BAKER, and P. JACK HOOPES. "MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE HYPERTHERMIA IN CANCER TREATMENT." Nano LIFE 01, no. 01n02 (March 2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984410000067.

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The activation of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) by an alternating magnetic field (AMF) is currently being explored as technique for targeted therapeutic heating of tumors. Various types of superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic particles, with different coatings and targeting agents, allow for tumor site and type specificity. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is also being studied as an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review provides an introduction to some of the relevant biology and materials science involved in the technical development and current and future use of mNP hyperthermia as clinical cancer therapy.

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Nemkov, V., R. Ruffini, R. Goldstein, J. Jackowski, T. L. DeWeese, and R. Ivkov. "Magnetic field generating inductor for cancer hyperthermia research." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 30, no. 5 (September 13, 2011): 1626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321641111152784.

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Kim, D. H., Se Ho Lee, Kyoung Nam Kim, Kwang Mahn Kim, I. B. Shim, and Yong Keun Lee. "In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Various Ferrites for Hyperthermia in Cancer-Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.827.

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Ceramic ferrites can be used to cancer-treatment. Heating of certain organs or tissue up to temperature between 42oC and 45oC preferentially for cancer therapy is called hyperthermia. We synthesized ferrites with various compositions in the system Co1-xNixFe2O4 as hyperthermic thermoseed in cancer-treatment and evaluated their effects on the necrosis of cancer cells under alternating magnetic field in vivo as well as in vitro. When a CoFe2O4 was placed into 0.2 ml distilled water, the greatest temperature change in this study, Δ T=29.3oC, was observed. More than half of the carcinoma cells were dead after exposure to alternating magnetic field using CoFe2O4, while normal cells were survived more than 60%. The injection of this ferrite particles into the tumor bearing mice was able to suppress the number and volume of tumors. CoFe2O4 is expected the useful hyperthermic thermoseed in cancer-treatment because it exhibited the greatest necrosis of carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

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Palzer, Julian, Lea Eckstein, Ioana Slabu, Oliver Reisen, Ulf P. Neumann, and Anjali A. Roeth. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Hyperthermia as a Treatment Option in Various Gastrointestinal Malignancies." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113013.

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Iron oxide nanoparticle-based hyperthermia is an emerging field in cancer treatment. The hyperthermia is primarily achieved by two differing methods: magnetic fluid hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. In magnetic fluid hyperthermia, the iron oxide nanoparticles are heated by an alternating magnetic field through Brownian and Néel relaxation. In photothermal therapy, the hyperthermia is mainly generated by absorption of light, thereby converting electromagnetic waves into thermal energy. By use of iron oxide nanoparticles, this effect can be enhanced. Both methods are promising tools in cancer treatment and are, therefore, also explored for gastrointestinal malignancies. Here, we provide an extensive literature research on both therapy options for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies (esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer, colorectal liver metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer). As many of these rank in the top ten of cancer-related deaths, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. This review describes the efforts undertaken in vitro and in vivo.

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Fatima, Hira, Tawatchai Charinpanitkul, and Kyo-Seon Kim. "Fundamentals to Apply Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Therapy." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051203.

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The activation of magnetic nanoparticles in hyperthermia treatment by an external alternating magnetic field is a promising technique for targeted cancer therapy. The external alternating magnetic field generates heat in the tumor area, which is utilized to kill cancerous cells. Depending on the tumor type and site to be targeted, various types of magnetic nanoparticles, with variable coating materials of different shape and surface charge, have been developed. The tunable physical and chemical properties of magnetic nanoparticles enhance their heating efficiency. Moreover, heating efficiency is directly related with the product values of the applied magnetic field and frequency. Protein corona formation is another important parameter affecting the heating efficiency of MNPs in magnetic hyperthermia. This review provides the basics of magnetic hyperthermia, mechanisms of heat losses, thermal doses for hyperthermia therapy, and strategies to improve heating efficiency. The purpose of this review is to build a bridge between the synthesis/coating of magnetic nanoparticles and their practical application in magnetic hyperthermia.

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Dinh, Quang Thanh, Van Tuan Dinh, Hoai Nam Nguyen, Tien Anh Nguyen, Xuan Truong Nguyen, Luong Lam Nguyen, Thi Mai Thanh Dinh, Hong Nam Pham, and Van Quynh Nguyen. "Synthesis of magneto-plasmonic hybrid material for cancer hyperthermia." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 81 (August 26, 2022): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.81.2022.128-137.

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Magnetic nanoparticle CoFe2O4-based hyperthermia is a promising non-invasive approach for cancer therapy. However, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) have a low heat transfer efficiency, which limits their practical clinical applications. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the higher-performance magnetic NPs-based hybrid nanostructures to enhance their magnetic hyperthermia efficiency. This work presents a facile in situ approach for synthesizing cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) silver (Ag) hybrid NPs as optical-magnetic hyperthermia heat mediators. The prepared cobalt ferrite silver hybrid NPs exhibit a higher heat generation than that of individual Ag or CoFe2O4 NPs under simultaneous exposure to an alternating current magnetic field and laser source. The obtained results confirm that the hybridization of CoFe2O4 and Ag NPs could significantly enhance the hyperthermia efficiency of the prepared NPs. Therefore, the CoFe2O4-Ag hybrid NPs are considered as potential candidates for a high-performance hyperthermia mediator based on a simple and effective synthesis approach.

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Mamiya, Hiroaki, Yoshihiko Takeda, Takashi Naka, Naoki Kawazoe, Guoping Chen, and Balachandran Jeyadevan. "Practical Solution for Effective Whole-Body Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Treatment." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1047697.

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Magnetic fluid hyperthermia therapy is considered as a promising treatment for cancers including unidentifiable metastatic cancers that are scattered across the whole body. However, a recent study on heat transfer simulated on a human body model showed a serious side effect: occurrences of hot spots in normal tissues due to eddy current loss induced by variation in the irradiated magnetic field. The indicated allowable upper limit of field amplitude Hac for constant irradiation over the entire human body corresponded to approximately 100 Oe at a frequency f of 25 kHz. The limit corresponds to the value Hacf of 2.5 × 106 Oe·s−1 and is significantly lower than the conventionally accepted criteria of 6 × 107 Oe·s−1. The present study involved evaluating maximum performance of conventional magnetic fluid hyperthermia cancer therapy below the afore-mentioned limit, and this was followed by discussing alternative methods not bound by standard frameworks by considering steady heat flow from equilibrium responses of stable nanoparticles. Consequently, the clarified potentials of quasi-stable core-shell nanoparticles, dynamic alignment of easy axes, and short pulse irradiation indicate that the whole-body magnetic fluid hyperthermia treatment is still a possible candidate for future cancer therapy.

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Shivanna, Anilkumar Thaghalli, Banendu Sunder Dash, and Jyh-Ping Chen. "Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Alternating Magnetic Field- or Near Infrared Light-Induced Cancer Therapies." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081279.

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The multi-faceted nature of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (fMNPs) is well-suited for cancer therapy. These nanocomposites can also provide a multimodal platform for targeted cancer therapy due to their unique magnetic guidance characteristics. When induced by an alternating magnetic field (AMF), fMNPs can convert the magnetostatic energy to heat for magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), as well as for controlled drug release. Furthermore, with the ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light energy to heat energy, fMNPs have attracted interest for photothermal therapy (PTT). Other than MHT and PTT, fMNPs also have a place in combination cancer therapies, such as chemo-MHT, chemo-PTT, and chemo-PTT–photodynamic therapy, among others, due to their versatile properties. Thus, this review presents multifunctional nanocomposites based on fMNPs for cancer therapies, induced by an AMF or NIR light. We will first discuss the different fMNPs induced with an AMF for cancer MHT and chemo-MHT. Secondly, we will discuss fMNPs irradiated with NIR lasers for cancer PTT and chemo-PTT. Finally, fMNPs used for dual-mode AMF + NIR-laser-induced magneto-photo-hyperthermia (MPHT) will be discussed.

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Caizer, Costica. "Optimization Study on Specific Loss Power in Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia with Magnetite Nanoparticles for High Efficiency in Alternative Cancer Therapy." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010040.

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The cancer therapy with the lowest possible toxicity is today an issue that raises major difficulties in treating malignant tumors because chemo- and radiotherapy currently used in this field have a high degree of toxicity and in many cases are ineffective. Therefore, alternative solutions are rapidly being sought in cancer therapy, in order to increase efficacy and a reduce or even eliminate toxicity to the body. One of the alternative methods that researchers believe may be the method of the future in cancer therapy is superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT), because it can be effective in completely destroying tumors while maintaining low toxicity or even without toxicity on the healthy tissues. Superparamagnetic hyperthermia uses the natural thermal effect in the destruction of cancer cells, obtained as a result of the phenomenon of superparamagnetic relaxation of the magnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) introduced into the tumor; SPMNPs can heat the cancer cells to 42–43 °C under the action of an external alternating magnetic field with frequency in the range of hundreds of kHz. However, the effectiveness of this alternative method depends very much on finding the optimal conditions in which this method must be applied during the treatment of cancer. In addition to the type of magnetic nanoparticles and the biocompatibility with the biological tissue or nanoparticles biofunctionalization that must be appropriate for the intended purpose a key parameter is the size of the nanoparticles. Also, establishing the appropriate parameters for the external alternating magnetic field (AMF), respectively the amplitude and frequency of the magnetic field are very important in the efficiency and effectiveness of the magnetic hyperthermia method. This paper presents a 3D computational study on specific loss power (Ps) and heating temperature (ΔT) which allows establishing the optimal conditions that lead to efficient heating of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which were found to be the most suitable for use in superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT), as a non-invasive and alternative technique to chemo- and radiotherapy. The size (diameter) of the nanoparticles (D), the amplitude of the magnetic field (H) and the frequency (f) of AMF were established in order to obtain maximum efficiency in SPMHT and rapid heating of magnetic nanoparticles at the required temperature of 42–43 °C for irreversible destruction of tumors, without affecting healthy tissues. Also, an analysis on the amplitude of the AMF is presented, and how its amplitude influences the power loss and, implicitly, the heating temperature, observables necessary in SPMHT for the efficient destruction of tumor cells. Following our 3D study, we found for Fe3O4 nanoparticles the optimal diameter of ~16 nm, the optimal range for the amplitude of the magnetic field of 10–25 kA/m and the optimal frequency within the biologically permissible limit in the range of 200–500 kHz. Under the optimal conditions determined for the nanoparticle diameter of 16.3 nm, the magnetic field of 15 kA/m and the frequency of 334 kHz, the magnetite nanoparticles can be quickly heated to obtain the maximum hyperthermic effect on the tumor cells: in only 4.1–4.3 s the temperature reaches 42–43 °C, required in magnetic hyperthermia, with major benefits in practical application in vitro and in vivo, and later in clinical trials.

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Kwon, Yong-Su, Kyunjong Sim, Taeyoon Seo, Jin-Kyu Lee, Youngwoo Kwon, and Tae-Jong Yoon. "Optimization of magnetic hyperthermia effect for breast cancer stem cell therapy." RSC Advances 6, no. 109 (2016): 107298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22382f.

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For breast cancer stem cell therapy using magnetic hyperthermia, the size of the particles and the alternating magnetic field conditions such as frequency and field strength should be optimized to increase the heating ability.

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Albarqi, Hassan A., Ananiya A. Demessie, Fahad Y. Sabei, Abraham S. Moses, Mikkel N. Hansen, Pallavi Dhagat, Olena R. Taratula, and Oleh Taratula. "Systemically Delivered Magnetic Hyperthermia for Prostate Cancer Treatment." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111020.

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Herein, we report a novel therapy for prostate cancer based on systemically delivered magnetic hyperthermia. Conventional magnetic hyperthermia is a form of thermal therapy where magnetic nanoparticles delivered to cancer sites via intratumoral administration produce heat in the presence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). To employ this therapy for prostate cancer tumors that are challenging to inject intratumorally, we designed novel nanoclusters with enhanced heating efficiency that reach prostate cancer tumors after systemic administration and generate desirable intratumoral temperatures upon exposure to an AMF. Our nanoclusters are based on hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles doped with zinc and manganese. To overcome the challenges associated with the poor water solubility of the synthesized nanoparticles, the solvent evaporation approach was employed to encapsulate and cluster them within the hydrophobic core of PEG-PCL (methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone))-based polymeric nanoparticles. Animal studies demonstrated that, following intravenous injection into mice bearing prostate cancer grafts, the nanoclusters efficiently accumulated in cancer tumors within several hours and increased the intratumoral temperature above 42 °C upon exposure to an AMF. Finally, the systemically delivered magnetic hyperthermia significantly inhibited prostate cancer growth and did not exhibit any signs of toxicity.

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Kuwahata, Akihiro, Yuui Adachi, and Shin Yabukami. "Ultra-short pulse magnetic fields on effective magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy." AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000558.

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Alternating magnetic fields can deliver magnetic energy deeper inside the body for magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy by using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In this study, we proposed a highly effective heat generation method for the MNPs by the application of an ultra-short pulse wave. We numerically evaluated the heating power with a variety of parameters, such as pulse width, field amplitude, and frequency. The hysteresis curve and magnetization dynamics clearly indicate larger energy dissipation. Hysteresis loss and the input energy increase with increasing field strength and duty ratio and there is a large efficiency power condition. To evaluate the effective heat generation and practical temperature increment, a larger imaginary part of magnetic susceptibility (χ″ > 30) and specific loss power (SLP > 105 W/kg) are required. In addition, larger intrinsic loss power (100 nHm2/kg) is achieved. The results indicate that the contribution of magnetic harmonics signals on the ultra-short pulse wave significantly enhances the heat generation of MNPs for cancer therapy.

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Sanad, Mohamed F., Bianca P. Meneses-Brassea, Dawn S. Blazer, Shirin Pourmiri, George C. Hadjipanayis, and Ahmed A. El-Gendy. "Superparamagnetic Fe/Au Nanoparticles and Their Feasibility for Magnetic Hyperthermia." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 6637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146637.

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Today, magnetic hyperthermia constitutes a complementary way to cancer treatment. This article reports a promising aspect of magnetic hyperthermia addressing superparamagnetic and highly Fe/Au core-shell nanoparticles. Those nanoparticles were prepared using a wet chemical approach at room temperature. We found that the as-synthesized core shells assembled with spherical morphology, including face-centered-cubic Fe cores coated and Au shells. The high-resolution transmission microscope images (HRTEM) revealed the formation of Fe/Au core/shell nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of the samples showed hysteresis loops with coercivity (HC) close to zero, revealing superparamagnetic-like behavior at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (MS) has the value of 165 emu/g for the as-synthesized sample with a Fe:Au ratio of 2:1. We also studied the feasibility of those core-shell particles for magnetic hyperthermia using different frequencies and different applied alternating magnetic fields. The Fe/Au core-shell nanoparticles achieved a specific absorption rate of 50 W/g under applied alternating magnetic field with amplitude 400 Oe and 304 kHz frequency. Based on our findings, the samples can be used as a promising candidate for magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy.

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Kaur, Yashpreet, Abhishek Chandel, and Bhupendra Chudasama. "Magnetic hyperthermia of AFe₂O₄ (A = Fe, Mn, Co) nanoparticles prepared by Co-precipitation method." AIP Advances 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 025034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000478.

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With 10 million deaths in 2020 cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases in contemporary medicine. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are commonly used to treat tumors. These treatments harm healthy tissues and succeed rarely in advance stages of cancer. Recent studies indicate that magnetic hyperthermia, which involves targeted delivery of magnetic nanoparticles to tumor cells followed by localized remote heating of cancer tissues could revolutionize clinical practice in the treatment of cancer, either as standalone intervention or adjunct to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Water dispersible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of ferrites (AFe2O4; A = Fe, Mn, Co) are the promising candidates for magnetic hyperthermia due to their high chemical stability, biocompatibility, moderate magnetization and high specific absorption rates (SAR). In this article, we have evaluated magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of water based magnetic fluids of AFe2O4. AFe2O4 NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. Nanoparticles were coated with a bilayer of oleic acid and dispersed in water. Structural and magnetic properties of MNPs were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD study revealed that AFe2O4 NPs exhibits cubic inverse spinel structure. Fe3O4 (Ms = 48 emu/g, Mr = 2.60 emu/g, Hc = 49 Oe), MnFe2O4 (Ms = 40 emu/g, Mr = 2.60 emu/g, Hc = 35 Oe) and CoFe2O4 (44 emu/g, Mr = 10.10 emu/g, Hc =440 Oe) NPs exhibits soft ferromagnetic behaviour. Magnetic hyperthermia measurements were performed as a function of magnetic field strength (2–10 mT), field frequency (162–935.6 kHz) for 10 minutes. MNPs exhibits highest SAR values for 10 mT field strength at 935.6 kHz. Amongst the tested MNPs, Fe3O4 possess the highest SAR value (27.35 W/g), followed by MnFe2O4 (1.91 W/g) and CoFe2O4 (0.94 W/g). Considering this, it is concluded that amongst the inverse spinel ferrites AFe2O4, Fe3O4 NPs and most suitable for magnetic hyperthermia applications.

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Nabil, Mahdi, and Paolo Zunino. "A computational study of cancer hyperthermia based on vascular magnetic nanoconstructs." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 9 (September 2016): 160287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160287.

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The application of hyperthermia to cancer treatment is studied using a novel model arising from the fundamental principles of flow, mass and heat transport in biological tissues. The model is defined at the scale of the tumour microenvironment and an advanced computational scheme called the embedded multiscale method is adopted to solve the governing equations. More precisely, this approach involves modelling capillaries as one-dimensional channels carrying flow, and special mathematical operators are used to model their interaction with the surrounding tissue. The proposed computational scheme is used to analyse hyperthermic treatment of cancer based on systemically injected vascular magnetic nanoconstructs carrying super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. An alternating magnetic field is used to excite the nanoconstructs and generate localized heat within the tissue. The proposed model is particularly adequate for this application, since it has a unique capability of incorporating microvasculature configurations based on physiological data combined with coupled capillary flow, interstitial filtration and heat transfer. A virtual tumour model is initialized and the spatio-temporal distribution of nanoconstructs in the vascular network is analysed. In particular, for a reference iron oxide concentration, temperature maps of several different hypothesized treatments are generated in the virtual tumour model. The observations of the current study might in future guide the design of more efficient treatments for cancer hyperthermia.

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R. Aarathy, A., M. S. Gopika, and S. Savitha Pillai. "Recent Insights into the Potential of Magnetic Metal Nanostructures as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents." Sensor Letters 18, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 861–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4297.

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The advancements in magnetic nanoparticle mediated hyperthermia give so many optimistic and fruitful results that make it a promising and complementary approach for the existing treatment modalities of cancer. This thermotherapy is gaining wide acceptance among the medical community compared to the conventional treatment methods. The former provides a local heat generation in the malignant tumor cells and remains non-invasive to the adjacent healthy cells. The increased heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles and the control of local therapeutic temperature are the main challenges of hyperthermia. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles have been intensively studied and dominating in magnetic hyperthermia. Recently many researchers successfully demonstrated high heating efficiency and biocompatibility of a wide variety of magnetic metal nanoparticles and proposed as the most promising alternative for traditional iron oxides, which opens up a new avenue for magnetic metal nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia. The review presents the recent advancements that occurred in the field of metal nanoparticle mediated magnetic hyperthermia. The theory underlying heat generation, synthesis methods, biofunctionalization, Specific Absorption Rate studies, challenges and future perspectives of magnetic metal nanoparticles are presented. This will inspire more in-depth research and advance practical applications of metal nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia.

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Bensenane, Mohamed Nassim, Assia Rachida Senoudi, Reda Benmouna, and Fouzia Ould-Kaddour. "Analytical modeling of hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 81, no. 3 (March 2018): 30901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018170423.

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Hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is one of many techniques to treat cancer causing minimal damage to healthy tissues. In the present work we give an analytical resolution of the bio-heat equation (based on Pennes model) providing the temperature rise as a function of the characteristics of the magnetic nanoparticles, the applied magnetic field and the biological properties of the tissue. The temperature inside the tumor was found to be very sensitive to the frequency f of alternating magnetic field, magnetic field amplitude H0 and volume fraction φ. This study optimizes the intensity of magnetic field to reach ideal hyperthermia conditions. When f varies between 50 and 150 KHz, temperature increases from 39 °C until 53 °C; when H0 is ranged from 5 − 15 kA/m, it increases from 39.5 °C until 49 °C, and when volume fraction φ of MNPs is ranged from 2 × 10−4 to 3 × 10−4 it increases from 44 °C until 48 °C.

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Chen, Lili, Nanami Fujisawa, Masato Takanohashi, Mazaya Najmina, Koichiro Uto, and Mitsuhiro Ebara. "A Smart Hyperthermia Nanofiber-Platform-Enabled Sustained Release of Doxorubicin and 17AAG for Synergistic Cancer Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052542.

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This study demonstrates the rational fabrication of a magnetic composite nanofiber mesh that can achieve mutual synergy of hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and thermo-molecularly targeted therapy for highly potent therapeutic effects. The nanofiber is composed of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) with doxorubicin, magnetic nanoparticles, and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. The nanofiber exhibits distinct hyperthermia, owing to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles upon exposure of the mesh to an alternating magnetic field, which causes heat-induced cell killing as well as enhanced chemotherapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin. The effectiveness of hyperthermia is further enhanced through the inhibition of heat shock protein activity after hyperthermia by releasing the inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. These findings represent a smart nanofiber system for potent cancer therapy and may provide a new approach for the development of localized medication delivery.

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Gupta, Ruby, Ruchi Tomar, Suvankar Chakraverty, and Deepika Sharma. "Effect of manganese doping on the hyperthermic profile of ferrite nanoparticles using response surface methodology." RSC Advances 11, no. 28 (2021): 16942–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02376d.

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Magnetic hyperthermia-based cancer therapy mediated by magnetic nanomaterials is a promising antitumoral nanotherapy, owning to its power to generate heat under the application of an alternating magnetic field.

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Tsiapla, Aikaterini-Rafailia, Antonia-Areti Kalimeri, Nikolaos Maniotis, Eirini Myrovali, Theodoros Samaras, Mavroeidis Angelakeris, and Orestis Kalogirou. "Mitigation of magnetic particle hyperthermia side effects by magnetic field controls." International Journal of Hyperthermia 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2021.1899310.

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Abdel Maksoud, Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed, Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy, Ahmad S. Kodous, Ramy Amer Fahim, Ahmed I. Osman, Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb, David W. Rooney, Mohamed A. Mamdouh, Norhan Nady, and Ahmed H. Ashour. "Insights on magnetic spinel ferrites for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia applications." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 372–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0027.

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Abstract Magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles (SFNPs) attract high scientific attention from researchers due to their broad area for biomedicine applications, comprising cancer magnetic hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery. Uniquely, its excellent performance, namely, tuning size and surface morphology, excellent magnetism, extraordinary magnetically heat induction, promising biocompatibility, and specific targeting capacity, is essential for their effective utilization in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics of diseases. This review emphasizes the anticancer properties of nanoparticles of spinel ferrites with extra focus on the most recent literature. A critical review is provided on the latest applications of SFNPs in cancer therapy. Based on the results obtained from this review, SFNPs have the indefinite ability in cancer therapy through two mechanisms: (1) hyperthermia, where SFNPs, used as a hyperthermia mediator, elevated the tumor cells heat post-exposure to an external magnetic field and radiosensitizer during cancer radiotherapy; and (2) targeted drug delivery of cytotoxic drugs in tumor treatment. SFNPs induced apoptosis and cell death of cancer cells and prevented cancer cell proliferation.

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Brero, Francesca, Martin Albino, Antonio Antoccia, Paolo Arosio, Matteo Avolio, Francesco Berardinelli, Daniela Bettega, et al. "Hadron Therapy, Magnetic Nanoparticles and Hyperthermia: A Promising Combined Tool for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101919.

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A combination of carbon ions/photons irradiation and hyperthermia as a novel therapeutic approach for the in-vitro treatment of pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cells is presented. The radiation doses used are 0–2 Gy for carbon ions and 0–7 Gy for 6 MV photons. Hyperthermia is realized via a standard heating bath, assisted by magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) that utilizes magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exposed to an alternating magnetic field of amplitude 19.5 mTesla and frequency 109.8 kHz. Starting from 37 °C, the temperature is gradually increased and the sample is kept at 42 °C for 30 min. For MFH, MNPs with a mean diameter of 19 nm and specific absorption rate of 110 ± 30 W/gFe3o4 coated with a biocompatible ligand to ensure stability in physiological media are used. Irradiation diminishes the clonogenic survival at an extent that depends on the radiation type, and its decrease is amplified both by the MNPs cellular uptake and the hyperthermia protocol. Significant increases in DNA double-strand breaks at 6 h are observed in samples exposed to MNP uptake, treated with 0.75 Gy carbon-ion irradiation and hyperthermia. The proposed experimental protocol, based on the combination of hadron irradiation and hyperthermia, represents a first step towards an innovative clinical option for pancreatic cancer.

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Usov, Nikolai A., and Elizaveta M. Gubanova. "Application of Magnetosomes in Magnetic Hyperthermia." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071320.

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Nanoparticles, specifically magnetosomes, synthesized in nature by magnetotactic bacteria, are very promising to be usedin magnetic hyperthermia in cancer treatment. In this work, using the solution of the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation, we calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in an alternating (AC) magnetic field of assemblies of magnetosome chains depending on the particle size D, the distance between particles in a chain a, and the angle of the applied magnetic field with respect to the chain axis. The dependence of SAR on the a/D ratio is shown to have a bell-shaped form with a pronounced maximum. For a dilute oriented chain assembly with optimally chosen a/D ratio, a strong magneto-dipole interaction between the chain particles leads to an almost rectangular hysteresis loop, and to large SAR values in the order of 400–450 W/g at moderate frequencies f = 300 kHz and small magnetic field amplitudes H0 = 50–100 Oe. The maximum SAR value only weakly depends on the diameter of the nanoparticles and the length of the chain. However, a significant decrease in SAR occurs in a dense chain assembly due to the strong magneto-dipole interaction of nanoparticles of different chains.

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Abdulla-Al-Mamun, Md, Yoshihumi Kusumoto, and Md Shariful Islam. "A new, simple hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic nano-octahedrons — Application to hyperthermia cancer cell killing." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 8 (August 2012): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-046.

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Surfactant-free magnetic nano-octahedrons were successfully synthesized by the alkaline hydrothermal decomposition of ferric nitrate salt (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) in a water–ethanol mixed solvent with a variety of alkaline concentrations. High-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures demonstrated the formation of octahedron-structured magnetic nanoparticles at a 10 mol/L alkaline concentration. A possible synthesis mechanism of the magnetic nano-octahedron was discussed. An alternating current magnetic field to induce hyperthermia cancer cell killing was investigated. Maximum hyperthermia cancer cell killing (~100%) was found with 10 mol/L alkaline-synthesized nano-octahedrons, whereas that with 2 mol/L alkaline gave ~40%.

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Nabil, M., P. Decuzzi, and P. Zunino. "Modelling mass and heat transfer in nano-based cancer hyperthermia." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 10 (October 2015): 150447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150447.

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We derive a sophisticated mathematical model for coupled heat and mass transport in the tumour microenvironment and we apply it to study nanoparticle delivery and hyperthermic treatment of cancer. The model has the unique ability of combining the following features: (i) realistic vasculature; (ii) coupled capillary and interstitial flow; (iii) coupled capillary and interstitial mass transfer applied to nanoparticles; and (iv) coupled capillary and interstitial heat transfer, which are the fundamental mechanisms governing nano-based hyperthermic treatment. This is an improvement with respect to previous modelling approaches, where the effect of blood perfusion on heat transfer is modelled in a spatially averaged form. We analyse the time evolution and the spatial distribution of particles and temperature in a tumour mass treated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles excited by an alternating magnetic field. By means of numerical experiments, we synthesize scaling laws that illustrate how nano-based hyperthermia depends on tumour size and vascularity. In particular, we identify two distinct mechanisms that regulate the distribution of particle and temperature, which are characterized by perfusion and diffusion, respectively.

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Gkanas, Evangelos. "In vitro magnetic hyperthermia response of iron oxide MNP’s incorporated in DA3, MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines." Open Chemistry 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1042–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0246-z.

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AbstractIn the current work, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP’s) were synthesized by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3-(iron acetylacetonate) compounds in high-boiling organic solvents containing stabilizing surfactants and examined as possible agents for magnetic hyperthermia treatment, according to their structural, magnetic and heating properties. Three different cancer cell lines (DA3, MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines) were used to assess the suitability of the MNP’s. The experimental results proved that the synthesized MNPs are non-toxic and the uptake efficiency was extremely good. Further, from in vitro hyperthermia results, very fast thermal response was observed (reaching hyperthermia levels in less than 200 s), which minimize the duration of the cell and human body exposure in a high frequency AC external magnetic field.

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Fanari, Fabio, Lorena Mariani, and Francesco Desogus. "Heat Transfer Modeling in Bone Tumour Hyperthermia Induced by Hydroxyapatite Magnetic Thermo-Seeds." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123102014010077.

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Background: Hyperthermia is an adjuvant oncologic thermal therapy. In the case of deep-seated bone cancers, the interstitial hyperthermia treatment can be performed using thermo-seeds, implanted biomaterial components that are able to convert external electromagnetic power into thermal one. Several magnetic biomaterials have been synthesized for thermal treatments of cancer. However, less attention has been paid to the modeling description of the therapy, especially when the bio-heat transfer process is coupled to the electromagnetic heating. Objective: In this work, a comparison between the available analytical and numerical models is presented. Methods: A non-linear multiphysics model is used to study and describe the performance of cylindrical magnetic hydroxyapatite thermo-seeds to treat residual cancer cells of bone tumours. Results: The thermal dynamics and treatment outcome are carefully evaluated. Under the exposure of a magnetic field of 30 mT, working at 300 kHz, it was found that magnetic hydroxyapatite implants with a size of 10 mm × 10 mm could increase the temperature above 42 °C for 60 min. Conclusion: The proposed model overcomes the limitations of the available theoretical frameworks, and the results reveal the relevancy of the implant geometry to the effectiveness of the hyperthermia treatment.

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Egea-Benavente, David, Jesús G. Ovejero, María del Puerto Morales, and Domingo F. Barber. "Understanding MNPs Behaviour in Response to AMF in Biological Milieus and the Effects at the Cellular Level: Implications for a Rational Design That Drives Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy toward Clinical Implementation." Cancers 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 4583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184583.

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Hyperthermia has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies and in fact, traditional hyperthermia is now commonly used in combination with chemotherapy or surgery during cancer treatment. Nevertheless, non-specific application of hyperthermia generates various undesirable side-effects, such that nano-magnetic hyperthermia has arisen a possible solution to this problem. This technique to induce hyperthermia is based on the intrinsic capacity of magnetic nanoparticles to accumulate in a given target area and to respond to alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) by releasing heat, based on different principles of physics. Unfortunately, the clinical implementation of nano-magnetic hyperthermia has not been fluid and few clinical trials have been carried out. In this review, we want to demonstrate the need for more systematic and basic research in this area, as many of the sub-cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with this approach remain unclear. As such, we shall consider here the biological effects that occur and why this theoretically well-designed nano-system fails in physiological conditions. Moreover, we will offer some guidelines that may help establish successful strategies through the rational design of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia.

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Wang, Lilin, Aziliz Hervault, Paul Southern, Olivier Sandre, Franck Couillaud, and Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh. "In vitro exploration of the synergistic effect of alternating magnetic field mediated thermo–chemotherapy with doxorubicin loaded dual pH- and thermo-responsive magnetic nanocomposite carriers." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 46 (2020): 10527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb01983f.

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Ruskin, Ethel Ibinabo, Paritosh Perry Coomar, Prabaha Sikder, and Sarit B. Bhaduri. "Magnetic Calcium Phosphate Cement for Hyperthermia Treatment of Bone Tumors." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 8, 2020): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163501.

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This article reports, for the first time, the ‘proof-of-concept’ results on magnetic monetite (CaHPO4)-based calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) compositions developed for the hyperthermia treatment of bone tumors. Hyperthermia involves the heating of a tumor within a temperature range of 40–45 °C, inducing apoptosis in the tumor cells. This process holds promising potential in the field of cancer treatment and has been proven to be more effective than conventional therapeutics. Hence, we aimed to develop cement compositions that are capable of the hyperthermia treatment of bone tumors. To achieve that central goal, we incorporated iron oxide (Fe3O4), a ferromagnetic material, into monetite and hypothesized that, upon the application of a magnetic field, magnetite will generate heat and ablate the tumor cells near the implantation site. The results confirmed that an optimized content of magnetite incorporation in monetite can generate heat in the range of 40–45 °C upon the application of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the compositions were bioactive and cytocompatible with an osteoblastic cell line.

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Sharma, Anirudh, Avesh Jangam, Julian Low Yung Shen, Aiman Ahmad, Nageshwar Arepally, Benjamin Rodriguez, Joseph Borrello, et al. "Validation of a Temperature-Feedback Controlled Automated Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy Device." Cancers 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020327.

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We present in vivo validation of an automated magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) device that uses real-time temperature input measured at the target to control tissue heating. MHT is a thermal therapy that uses heat generated by magnetic materials exposed to an alternating magnetic field. For temperature monitoring, we integrated a commercial fiber optic temperature probe containing four gallium arsenide (GaAs) temperature sensors. The controller device used temperature from the sensors as input to manage power to the magnetic field applicator. We developed a robust, multi-objective, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm to control the target thermal dose by modulating power delivered to the magnetic field applicator. The magnetic field applicator was a 20 cm diameter Maxwell-type induction coil powered by a 120 kW induction heating power supply operating at 160 kHz. Finite element (FE) simulations were performed to determine values of the PID gain factors prior to verification and validation trials. Ex vivo verification and validation were conducted in gel phantoms and sectioned bovine liver, respectively. In vivo validation of the controller was achieved in a canine research subject following infusion of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into the brain. In all cases, performance matched controller design criteria, while also achieving a thermal dose measured as cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43) 60 ± 5 min within 30 min.

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Włodarczyk, Agnieszka, Szymon Gorgoń, Adrian Radoń, and Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek. "Magnetite Nanoparticles in Magnetic Hyperthermia and Cancer Therapies: Challenges and Perspectives." Nanomaterials 12, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111807.

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Until now, strategies used to treat cancer are imperfect, and this generates the need to search for better and safer solutions. The biggest issue is the lack of selective interaction with neoplastic cells, which is associated with occurrence of side effects and significantly reduces the effectiveness of therapies. The use of nanoparticles in cancer can counteract these problems. One of the most promising nanoparticles is magnetite. Implementation of this nanoparticle can improve various treatment methods such as hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, cancer genotherapy, and protein therapy. In the first case, its feature makes magnetite useful in magnetic hyperthermia. Interaction of magnetite with the altered magnetic field generates heat. This process results in raised temperature only in a desired part of a patient body. In other therapies, magnetite-based nanoparticles could serve as a carrier for various types of therapeutic load. The magnetic field would direct the drug-related magnetite nanoparticles to the pathological site. Therefore, this material can be used in protein and gene therapy or drug delivery. Since the magnetite nanoparticle can be used in various types of cancer treatment, they are extensively studied. Herein, we summarize the latest finding on the applicability of the magnetite nanoparticles, also addressing the most critical problems faced by smart nanomedicine in oncological therapies.

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Arriortua, Oihane K., Eneko Garaio, Borja Herrero de la Parte, Maite Insausti, Luis Lezama, Fernando Plazaola, Jose Angel García, et al. "Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (October 28, 2016): 1532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.147.

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This work reports important advances in the study of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) related to their application in different research fields such as magnetic hyperthermia. Nanotherapy based on targeted nanoparticles could become an attractive alternative to conventional oncologic treatments as it allows a local heating in tumoral surroundings without damage to healthy tissue. RGD-peptide-conjugated MNPs have been designed to specifically target αVβ3 receptor-expressing cancer cells, being bound the RGD peptides by “click chemistry” due to its selectivity and applicability. The thermal decomposition of iron metallo-organic precursors yield homogeneous Fe3O4 nanoparticles that have been properly functionalized with RGD peptides, and the preparation of magnetic fluids has been achieved. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy and magnetic hyperthermia. The nanoparticles present superparamagnetic behavior with very high magnetization values, which yield hyperthermia values above 500 W/g for magnetic fluids. These fluids have been administrated to rats, but instead of injecting MNP fluid directly into liver tumors, intravascular administration of MNPs in animals with induced colorectal tumors has been performed. Afterwards the animals were exposed to an alternating magnetic field in order to achieve hyperthermia. The evolution of an in vivo model has been described, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor viability.

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Raniszewski, Grzegorz, Arkadiusz Miaskowski, and Slawomir Wiak. "The Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/527652.

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The aim of this paper is to present the results of the investigation into the applications of carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic nanoparticles as nanoheaters for targeted thermal ablation of cancer cells. Relevant nanoparticles’ characteristics were exploited in terms of their functionality for biomedical applications and their magnetic properties were examined to determine heat generation efficiency induced by the exposure of the particles to an alternating magnetic field. The influence of the electromagnetic field on the human body tissues was assessed, providing quantitative measures of the interaction. The behavior of a liquid containing magnetic particles, during the exposure to the alternating magnetic field, was verified. As for the application for the ferromagnetic carbon nanotubes, the authors investigated temperature distribution in human liver tumor together with Arrhenius tissue damage model and the thermal dose concept.

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Tansi, Felista L., Wisdom O. Maduabuchi, Melanie Hirsch, Paul Southern, Simon Hattersley, Rainer Quaas, Ulf Teichgräber, Quentin A. Pankhurst, and Ingrid Hilger. "Deep-tissue localization of magnetic field hyperthermia using pulse sequencing." International Journal of Hyperthermia 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2021.1912412.

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Bani, Milad Salimi, Shadie Hatamie, Mohammad Haghpanahi, Hossein Bahreinizad, Mohammad Hossein Shahsavari Alavijeh, Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan, and Zhung Hang Wei. "Casein-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for in vitro Hyperthermia for Cancer Therapy." SPIN 09, no. 02 (June 2019): 1940003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324719400034.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been a very appealing choice in magnetic-mediated hyperthermia for cancer therapy. The responses of NPs to hyperthermia as a cancer treatment method are complex and variable. Herein, the heating properties of the casein-coated magnetic NPs (MNPs) under an alternating magnetic field were investigated. The casein-coated MNPs were synthesized via one-pot chemical method. The casein-coated MNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. TEM images of casein-coated MNPs show that their shapes are spherical and their core sizes are between 20[Formula: see text]nm and 25[Formula: see text]nm. The FTIR and EDAX results confirmed the presence of casein on the surface of MNPs. The VSM shows the superparamagnetic nature of iron oxide and casein-coated iron oxide NPs with the magnetic saturation of 60[Formula: see text]emu/g and 44.86[Formula: see text]emu/g, respectively, at room temperature. Furthermore, hyperthermia tests for casein-coated MNPs with various concentrations and frequencies are performed. Hyperthermia results show that lower concentrations of casein-coated MNPs dispatch higher heating into their surrounding medium, whereas maximum specific absorption rate occurs at the concentration of 1[Formula: see text]mg/mL for the frequency of 150[Formula: see text]kHz. Findings of this study suggest that casein-coated MNPs have great potential as an anticancer agent in hyperthermia cancer therapy.

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Kim, Hyun-Chul, Eunjoo Kim, Sang Won Jeong, Tae-Lin Ha, Sang-Im Park, Se Guen Lee, Sung Jun Lee, and Seung Woo Lee. "Magnetic nanoparticle-conjugated polymeric micelles for combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy." Nanoscale 7, no. 39 (2015): 16470–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr04130a.

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The cytotoxicity of magnetic nanoparticles-conjugated polymeric micelles encapsulated with an anticancer drug on cancer cells was enhanced by the synergistic effect of heat and the rapid release of the drug under an alternating magnetic field.

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Alkhayal, Anoud, Arshia Fathima, Ali H. Alhasan, and Edreese H. Alsharaeh. "PEG Coated Fe3O4/RGO Nano-Cube-Like Structures for Cancer Therapy via Magnetic Hyperthermia." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092398.

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have high saturation magnetization and are promising candidates for hyperthermia. They may act as magnetic heating agents when subjected to magnetic field in nano-based hyperthermia. In this work, cube-like Fe3O4 nanoparticles (labelled as cubic SPIONs) with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites were prepared by a microwave hydrothermal method. The shape and size of magnetic nanoparticles were controlled by varying synthesis parameters, including reaction time, pressure and microwave power. This study successfully synthesized cubic SPIONs nanocomposites with an average particle size between 24–34 nm. Poly-(ethylene) glycol (PEG) was used as a coating material on SPIONs to enhance biocompatibility. The RGO sheets provided a high surface area-to-volume ratio for SPIONs to be dispersed on their surface, and hence, they prevented aggregation of the SPIONs in the nanocomposites. Magnetically induced heating studies on the optimized nanocomposite (Fe3O4/RGO/PEG) demonstrated heating capabilities for magnetic hyperthermia application with a promising specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 58.33 W/g in acidic solution. Cytotoxicity tests were also performed to ensure low nanoparticle toxicity before incorporation into the human body. The results of the standard assay for the toxicity determination of the nanocomposites revealed over 70% cell survival after 48 h, suggesting the feasibility of using the synthesized nanocomposites for magnetic hyperthermia.

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Kaprin, Andrei, Ilya Vasilchenko, Alexey Osintsev, Vladimir Braginsky, Vitaliy Rynk, Egor Gromov, Andrei Kostin, Aleksandr Prosekov, and Roman Kotov. "Study of implants for intraoperative hyperthermia." Problems in oncology 67, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2021-67-2-233-245.

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At the present time hyperthermia is recognized as one of the most promising methods in the combined treatment of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, for the most of existing methods for heating of tumor tissues it is rather difficult to realize the exact localization of heat exposure. The aim of this study is to compare two types of implants for intraoperative local tumor bed hyperthermia carried out using induction heating in an alternating magnetic field of the sub-MHz range. Composite implants of the first type are created on the base of a self-curing plastic mass mixed with electrically conductive ferromagnetic particles. The second type of implant is a hollow object with thin walls that follows the shape of the tumor. Implants of this type are filled with a liquid metal non-magnetic alloy with melting point below room temperature. The model implants were heated in a self-designed inductor with a short cylindrical coil 35 cm in diameter. Biological tissues were modeled using an ultrasound gel. Experimental results show that both types of implants were heated in an external alternating magnetic field with a frequency of 90 kHz and an amplitude not exceeding 4 kA/m up to temperatures that allow both traditional hyperthermia (tissue heating to 41-45 °C) and thermal ablation therapy (tissue heating to temperatures above 50 °C). Good agreement between the experimental data and model numerical calculations was obtained.

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Luengo, Yurena, Zamira V. Díaz-Riascos, David García-Soriano, Francisco J. Teran, Emilio J. Artés-Ibáñez, Oihane Ibarrola, Álvaro Somoza, et al. "Fine Control of In Vivo Magnetic Hyperthermia Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Different Coatings and Degree of Aggregation." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081526.

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The clinical implementation of magnetic hyperthermia has experienced little progress since the first clinical trial was completed in 2005. Some of the hurdles to overcome are the reliable production of magnetic nanoparticles with controlled properties and the control of the temperature at the target tissue in vivo. Here, forty samples of iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared by similar methods and thoroughly characterized in terms of size, aggregation degree, and heating response. Selected samples were intratumorally administered in animals with subcutaneous xenografts of human pancreatic cancer. In vivo experiments showed that it is possible to control the rise in temperature by modulating the field intensity during in vivo magnetic hyperthermia protocols. The procedure does not require sophisticated materials and it can be easily implemented by researchers or practitioners working in magnetic hyperthermia therapies.

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Dürr, Stephan, Christina Janko, Stefan Lyer, Philipp Tripal, Marc Schwarz, Jan Zaloga, Rainer Tietze, and Christoph Alexiou. "Magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2013-0011.

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AbstractCancer is one of the biggest challenges facing the medical research in our time. The goals are to improve not only the therapeutic outcome, even in the cases of advanced and metastatic cancer, but also the methods of treatment, which often have considerable adverse effects. In addition, the current developments, such as demographic change, population growth, and increasing healthcare costs, have to be taken into consideration. In all likelihood, nanotechnology and, in particular, the use of magnetic nanoparticles consisting of the elements nickel, cobalt, and iron can make a significant contribution. The greatest potential can be ascribed to the drug delivery systems: magnetic nanoparticles are functionalized by binding them to various substances, including chemotherapeutic agents, radionuclides, nucleic acids, and antibodies. They can then be guided and accumulated using a magnetic field. Hyperthermia can be induced with an alternating magnetic field, providing another therapeutic option. Magnetic nanoparticles may be useful in overcoming cancer drug resistance. They also contribute to realizing a combination of diagnostic investigation and therapy in the field of “theranostics”. The multifaceted and promising results of research in the recent years offer the prospect of a real advance in cancer therapy in the near future.

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Kalubowilage, Madumali, Katharine Janik, and Stefan H. Bossmann. "Magnetic Nanomaterials for Magnetically-Aided Drug Delivery and Hyperthermia." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142927.

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Magnetic nanoparticles have continuously gained importance for the purpose of magnetically-aided drug-delivery, magnetofection, and hyperthermia. We have summarized significant experimental approaches, as well as their advantages and disadvantages with respect to future clinical translation. This field is alive and well and promises meaningful contributions to the development of novel cancer therapies.

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Mamiya, Hiroaki. "Recent Advances in Understanding Magnetic Nanoparticles in AC Magnetic Fields and Optimal Design for Targeted Hyperthermia." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752973.

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Targeted hyperthermia treatment using magnetic nanoparticles is a promising cancer therapy that enables selective heating of hidden microcancer tissues. In this review, I outline the present status of chemical synthesis of such magnetic nanoparticles. Then, the latest progress in understanding their heat dissipation mechanisms under large magnetic fields is overviewed. This review covers the recently predicted novel phenomena: magnetic hysteresis loops of superparamagnetic states and steady orientations of easy axes at the directions parallel, perpendicular, or oblique to the AC magnetic field. Finally, this review ends with future prospects from the viewpoint of optimal design for efficacy with a low side-effect profile.

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Thongsopa, Chanchai, and Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat. "Analysis and Design of Magnetic Shielding System for Breast Cancer Treatment with Hyperthermia Inductive Heating." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/163905.

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An analysis and design of magnetic shielding system are presented for breast cancer treatment with hyperthermia inductive heating. It is a technique to control magnetic field intensity and relocate the heating area by using a rectangular shielding with aperture. The distribution of the lossy medium was analyzed using the finite difference time domain method. Theoretical analyses investigate whether a novel shielded system is effective for controlling the magnetic field distribution or heating position. Theoretical and experimental investigations were carried out using a lossy medium. The inductive applicator is a ferrite core with diameter of 7 cm, excited by 4 MHz signal and a maximum output power of 750 W. The results show that size of heating region can be controlled by varying the aperture size. Moreover, the investigation result revealed that the position of heating region can be relocated by changing the orientation of the ferrite core with shielded system inx-axis direction. The advantage of the magnetic shielding system is that it can be applied to prevent the side effects of hyperthermia cancer treatment by inductive heating.

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Ganguly, Sayan, and Shlomo Margel. "Design of Magnetic Hydrogels for Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery." Polymers 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 4259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234259.

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Hydrogels are spatially organized hydrophilic polymeric systems that exhibit unique features in hydrated conditions. Among the hydrogel family, composite hydrogels are a special class that are defined as filler-containing systems with some tailor-made properties. The composite hydrogel family includes magnetic-nanoparticle-integrated hydrogels. Magnetic hydrogels (MHGs) show magneto-responsiveness, which is observed when they are placed in a magnetic field (static or oscillating). Because of their tunable porosity and internal morphology they can be used in several biomedical applications, especially diffusion-related smart devices. External stimuli may influence physical and chemical changes in these hydrogels, particularly in terms of volume and shape morphing. One of the most significant external stimuli for hydrogels is a magnetic field. This review embraces a brief overview of the fabrication of MHGs and two of their usages in the biomedical area: drug delivery and hyperthermia-based anti-cancer activity. As for the saturation magnetization imposed on composite MHGs, they are easily heated in the presence of an alternating magnetic field and the temperature increment is dependent on the magnetic nanoparticle concentration and exposure time. Herein, we also discuss the mode of different therapies based on non-contact hyperthermia heating.

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Thanaset, Thosdeekoraphat, Santalunai Samran, and Thongsopa Chanchai. "Improved the Performance of Focusing Deep Hyperthermia Inductive Heating for Breast Cancer Treatment by Using Ferro-Fluid with Magnetic Shielding System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.353.

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The performance improved of focusing deep hyperthermia inductive heating for breast cancer treatment using magnetic fluid nanoparticles with magnetic shielding system has been presented in the paper and the results are discussed. It is a technique challenge in hyperthermia therapy is to control locally heat the tumor region up to an appropriate temperature to destroy cancerous cells, without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue by using magnetic fluid nanoparticles and cylindrical metal shielding with aperture. We show that the magnetic field intensity can be controlled by changing the aperture size to suitable. In addition, the position of the heating can be controlled very well with the magnetic fluid together with shielding system. In the simulation, the inductive applicator is a ferrite core with diameter of 7 cm and excited by 4 MHz signal. Results have shown that the temperature increments depend on the magnetic fluid nanoparticles. In addition, the magnetic field intensity without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue when used magnetic shielded system. These results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve higher temperatures and to focus magnetic field intensity where the nanoparticles and magnetic shielding system are used.

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Caizer, Costica, Isabela Simona Caizer, Roxana Racoviceanu, Claudia Geanina Watz, Marius Mioc, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, Tiberiu Bratu, and Codruța Soica. "Fe3O4-PAA–(HP-γ-CDs) Biocompatible Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles for Increasing the Efficacy in Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152577.

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In this paper, we present the obtaining of Fe3O4-PAA–(HP-γ-CDs) ferrimagnetic nanobioconjugates (PAA: polyacrylic acid, HP-γ-CDs: hydroxypropyl gamma-cyclodextrins) in a hybrid core-shell biostructure (core: inorganic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and shell: organic PAA–(HP-γ-CDs)) and their use in superparamagnetic hyperthermia without cellular toxicity and with increased efficacy for future alternative cancer therapy. In order to design the optimal experimental conditions for obtaining nanobioconjugates and then superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT), we used molecular docking simulation and computational assessment of the maximum specific loss power (SLP) that led to nanoparticles’ heating. The nanoparticles and nanobioconjugates obtained were studied and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and magnetic measurements (MMs). The cell viability of the nanoparticles and nanobioconjugates was assessed by means of the MTT assay using human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) as an in vitro model. Superparamagnetic hyperthermia with nanoparticles and nanobioconjugates was obtained experimentally in a magnetic field of 15.92 kA/m and frequency of 312.2 kHz for the magnetic nanoparticle core with a (average) diameter of 15.8 nm, which resulted in the maximum hyperthermic effect that led to a temperature of ~42.5 °C necessary in the therapy of tumors in a short time so as not to affect healthy tissues. The biological screening of Fe3O4-PAA nanoparticles and PAA–(HP-γ-CDs) nanobioconjugates showed no cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells for a time interval of 24 h, both under standard (37 °C) and hyperthermia conditions (42.5 °C). Thus, Fe3O4-PA–(HP-γ-CDs) ferrimagnetic nanobioconjugates can be used successfully in superparamagnetic hyperthermia without toxicity and with increased efficiency due to the small layer thickness of the PAA–(HP-γ-CDs) shell, which is suitable in this alternative therapeutic technique.

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Caizer, Costica. "Theoretical Study on Specific Loss Power and Heating Temperature in CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Possible Candidate for Alternative Cancer Therapy by Superparamagnetic Hyperthemia." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 5505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125505.

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In this paper, we present a theoretical study on the maximum specific loss power in the admissible biological limit (PsM)l for CoFe2O4 ferrimagnetic nanoparticles, as a possible candidate in alternative and non-invasive cancer therapy by superparamagnetic hyperthermia. The heating time of the nanoparticles (Δto) at the optimum temperature of approx. 43 °C for the efficient destruction of tumor cells in a short period of time, was also studied. We found the maximum specific loss power PsM (as a result of superparamegnetic relaxation in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles) for very small diameters of the nanoparticles (Do), situated in the range of 5.88–6.67 nm, and with the limit frequencies (fl) in the very wide range of values of 83–1000 kHz, respectively. Additionally, the optimal heating temperature (To) of 43 °C was obtained for a very wide range of values of the magnetic field H, of 5–60 kA/m, and the corresponding optimal heating times (Δto) were found in very short time intervals in the range of ~0.3–44 s, depending on the volume packing fraction (ε) of the nanoparticles. The obtained results, as well as the very wide range of values for the amplitude H and the frequency f of the external alternating magnetic field for which superparamagnetic hyperthermia can be obtained, which are great practical benefits in the case of hyperthermia, demonstrate that CoFe2O4 nanoparticles can be successfully used in the therapy of cancer by superaparamagnetic hyperthermia. In addition, the very small size of magnetic nanoparticles (only a few nm) will lead to two major benefits in cancer therapy via superparamagnetic hyperthermia, namely: (i) the possibility of intracellular therapy which is much more effective due to the ability to destroy tumor cells from within and (ii) the reduced cell toxicity.

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