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Journal articles on the topic 'Hypertension'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Bhupally, Anil kumar, Sindu Sulekha, Rama Devi E, Swathi M, Rohini M, and Shruthi T. "Prevalence of Hypertensive Retinopathy Changes in Pregnancy induced Hypertension." International Journal of Integrative Medical Sciences 2, no. 10 (November 10, 2015): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijims.2015.129.

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2

Wandile, Pranali M. "Hypertension and comorbidities: A silent threat to global health." Hypertension and Comorbidities 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/hypertension.1.001.

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3

Tulaboeva, G. M. "CLINICAL AND HEMODYNAMIC EFFICACY OF CHOLINE ALFOSCERATE IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-3-4.

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Arterial hypertension (AH)is currently considered the most significant risk factor for the development of not only acute cerebrovascular accidents and chronic cerebral ischemia, but also disorders of memory and other cognitive (cognitive) functions. Numerous studies have proven the connection between persistent increase in blood pressure (BP) and the risk of the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. The positive dynamics on the part of clinical and hemodynamicparameters is explained by the fact that gliatilin improves thetransmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic neurons; positively affects the plasticity of neuronal membranes and receptor function. Gliatilin improves cerebral blood flow, enhances metabolic processes in the brain, activates the structures of the reticular formation of the brain and restores consciousness in traumatic brain lesions.

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4

Ikizek, Mustafa. "EXAMINATION OF HYPERTENSION KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS, TURKEY." Era's Journal of Medical Research 9, no. 1 (June 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr.2022.04.

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Hypertension is a global health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to determine the hypertension knowledge level of hypertension patients. This descriptive study is carried on with 207 patients who applied to a private medical clinic in Ankara, Turkey between January and March 2022. A semi-structured interview method was employed in the study to collect data. The questionnaire contains two sections. In the first section, the Sociodemographic characteristics form,, and in the second section, Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) are used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 21.0. The age range of the patients participating in the study varies between 18-73 years, and the mean age is 54.3±4.2. Among the participants, 53.1% of them are women, and 70.5% of them are married. The HK-LS average of the participants is found (16.3±3.45). As a result, the hypertension knowledge level of the patients is found to be high in the study. The hypertension knowledge level is higher among the young than the elderly, those who pay regular visits to doctors than those who do not, and university graduates compared to primary school graduates. In order to increase the patients' knowledge level, it is believed that it will be useful to offer training and organize seminars, especially for the elderly, primary school graduates, and those who do not pay regular visits to doctors.

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5

L., Ashok, Navya M.K., and Sujatha G.P. "Hypertension and Dentistry." Indian Journal of Dental Education 9, no. 3 (2016): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijde.0974.6099.9316.5.

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6

Devi, P. Padmasri, M. Kiran Deedi, and Ch Ganapathy Swamy. "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 4 (2017): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.5417.25.

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7

Berkin, K. E. "HYPERTENSION: Essential hypertension: the heart and hypertension." Heart 86, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.4.467.

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8

RANDALL, O. "How hypertension begets hypertension." American Journal of Hypertension 12, no. 4 (April 1999): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(99)80608-6.

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9

SAMYMODELIAR, S., B. DECAGNY, A. FOURNIER, and M. SLAMA. "Hypertension artérielle maligneMalignant hypertension." Réanimation 12, no. 4 (June 2003): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1624-0693(03)00059-8.

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10

Ofori, Kwame Adu, Nketsiah James, Adjei-Antwi Collins, Tetteh Joshua, Nancy Darkoa Darko, Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo, and Micheal Amoah. "Dermatoglyphics and Essential Hypertension." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 3.1 (July 5, 2021): 8027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.137.

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Essential hypertension falls in the category of hypertension that has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients. Several studies have utilize dermatoglyphics as models for preliminary diagnosing diseases with genetic and non-genetic origins. However, little studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between dermatoglyphics and essential hypertension. The aim of the study was to generate detailed baseline data on the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns and essential hypertensive to serve as a preliminary non-invasive diagnostic tool. A total of 400 participants out of which 200 were clinically diagnosed essential hypertensive patients from the Hypertensive Unit of Mampong Government Hospital (Ghana) and 200 clinically confirmed normotensive individuals were recruited for the present study. The fingerprints and palm prints of the participants were taken using a CanonScan Lide 120 colour image scanner which was connected to a Hp laptop. For the distribution of the sub-types of fingerprint patterns, ulnar loop dominated in both groups with the control group recording the highest. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Significant difference was recorded between the two groups for the palmar ATD angle for both palms with the control group recording the highest. For the PIC patterns, PIC 300 and 310 dominated in both groups. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of the present study have shown that, there is some relationship between dermatoglyphics and essential hypertension. This will serve as a preliminary diagnostic tool for the earlier diagnosis of the disease. KEY WORDS: Dermatoglyphics, Essential Hypertension, ATD angle, PIC pattern.

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11

V., Meretskyi, and Meretska I. "Comparative Pharmacotherapy of Hypertension." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 6 (December 25, 2021): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.06.148.

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The purpose of the study. This study aims to review the practice of the utilization of antihypertensive drugs of various pharmacological groups within the condition of the therapeutic hospital in Ukrainian and Egyptian patients, adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension in Ukraine and Egypt. Materials and methods. A study of 120 patients who were treated for hypertension II stage in a therapeutic hospital in Ternopil and Cairo was conducted. All subjects completed a questionnaire that included personal, socio-demographic, and medical data. The number and type of hypotensive drugs or drug combinations were analyzed. Results and discussion. Regarding the pharmacotherapy of hypertension the use of β-blockers among Ukrainian participants did not differ from Egyptian. The use of calcium channel antagonists was a little bit higher among Egyptians than Ukrainians. Diuretics were used more often by Ukrainians than by Egyptians. The use of ACEI/ARBs surpassed the use of all other classes of antihypertensives among both groups. Whereas the ACEI/ARBs use among Egyptians was lower than Ukrainians. In this study we conducted a determination of compliance which was defined as an act of adhering to the regimen of care recommended by the clinician and persisting with it over time. The majority of Ukrainian and Egyptian patients with hypertension do not always perform the doctor's prescription. The reason for the unfull implementation of medical prescriptions with the same frequency was called deficiency of funds and forgetfulness. Near 80% of Ukrainian respondents are ready to complete the prescription with understanding, however, 14% of the patients stated that they were not always ready to fulfill the prescription, and the smallest part of patients did not think it was necessary to follow the regularity of treatment and treatment regimen. We noted no significant difference in the adherence to antihypertensive therapy between Ukrainian and Egyptian participants. Early discontinuation of treatment and suboptimal daily use of the prescribed regimens are the foremost common facets of poor adherence to treatment as well as non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy correlates with a better risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusion. ACEI/ARBs are the most commonly used group of antihypertensive drugs among Ukrainian and Egyptian patients. The majority of Ukrainian and Egyptian participants with hypertension do not always perform the doctor's prescription. Only 50% had an objective reason for insufficient compliance

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12

Palyzová, Daniela, M. Kuklík, M. Beránková, and Blanka Schaumann. "Dermatoglyphics in juvenile hypertension." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 49, no. 4 (December 18, 1991): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/49/1991/361.

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13

Burman, Sohini. "Portal Hypertension in Pregnancy." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 1381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/mr23421124334.

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14

Head, Geoffrey A., Jonathan E. Shaw, David W. Dunstan, Neville Owen, Dianna J. Magliano, Steve Chadban, and Paul Zimmet. "Hypertension, white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension in Australia." Journal of Hypertension 37, no. 8 (August 2019): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000002087.

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15

de Menezes, Sara Teles, Luana Giatti, Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant, Rosane Harter Griep, Maria Inês Schmidt, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Claudia Kimie Suemoto, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, and Sandhi Maria Barreto. "Hypertension, Prehypertension, and Hypertension Control." Hypertension 77, no. 2 (February 2021): 672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16080.

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Hypertension, particularly in middle age, has been associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence is inconclusive. This study investigated whether hypertension, prehypertension, age, and duration of diagnosis, as well as blood pressure control, are associated with a decline in cognitive performance in ELSA-Brasil participants. This longitudinal study included 7063 participants, mean age 58.9 years at baseline (2008–2010), who attended visit 2 (2012–2014). Cognitive performance was measured in both visits and evaluated by the standardized scores of the memory, verbal fluency, trail B tests, and global cognitive score. The associations were investigated using linear mixed models. Hypertension and prehypertension at baseline were associated with decline in global cognitive score; being hypertension associated with reduction in memory test; and prehypertension with reduction in fluency test. Hypertension diagnose ≥55 years was associated with lower global cognitive and memory test scores, and hypertension diagnose <55 years with lower memory test scores. Duration of hypertension diagnoses was not associated with any marker of cognitive function decline. Among treated individuals, blood pressure control at baseline was inversely associated with the decline in both global cognitive and memory test scores. In this relatively young cohort, hypertension, prehypertension, and blood pressure control were independent predictors of cognitive decline in distinct abilities. Our findings suggest that both lower and older age of hypertension, but not duration of diagnosis, were associated with cognitive decline in different abilities. In addition to hypertension, prehypertension and pressure control might be critical for the preservation of cognitive function.

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16

Shimamoto, Kazuaki. "Hypertension treatment for elderly hypertension." Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 40, no. 3 (2003): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.40.213.

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17

PERLOFF, DOROTHEE. "Hypertension and Pregnancy-Related Hypertension." Cardiology in Review 6, no. 2 (March 1998): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045415-199803000-00013.

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18

Perloff, Dorothee. "HYPERTENSION AND PREGNANCY-RELATED HYPERTENSION." Cardiology Clinics 16, no. 1 (February 1998): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70386-6.

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19

Spence, J. David. "White-Coat Hypertension Is Hypertension." Hypertension 51, no. 5 (May 2008): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.109660.

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20

Li, Guo-Zheng, Shi-Xing Yan, Mingyu You, Sheng Sun, and Aihua Ou. "Intelligent ZHENG Classification of Hypertension Depending on ML-kNN and Information Fusion." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/837245.

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Hypertension is one of the major causes of heart cerebrovascular diseases. With a good accumulation of hypertension clinical data on hand, research on hypertension's ZHENG differentiation is an important and attractive topic, as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) lies primarily in “treatment based on ZHENG differentiation.” From the view of data mining, ZHENG differentiation is modeled as a classification problem. In this paper, ML-kNN—a multilabel learning model—is used as the classification model for hypertension. Feature-level information fusion is also used for further utilization of all information. Experiment results show that ML-kNN can model the hypertension's ZHENG differentiation well. Information fusion helps improve models' performance.

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21

Jannah, Nurul. "Hubungan Antara Pola Makan Dengan Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Desa Risa." Barongko: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.59585/bajik.v2i1.228.

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The diet that causes hypertension is the diet of older people that consumes sugar, raising, high salt,excessive fatsuch as heavy coconut mmilk, oil,vagetables and other gas-filled friutsand beverange consumed daily, such as coffe. The study was intended to shed light on the relationship between diet and hypertension in the elderly in the village of Risa. Research methods used by cross sesctional with sesctional engineering. The sampling used is 40 respondents about the distribution of respondents based on low diet with hypertensive concerns in the village of Risa, low 0 respondents (0.0%). Moderate diet with the incidence of hypertension, 0 respondents (0.0%). High diet with hypertension incident, 3 respondents (9.7%). Lower 4 respondents (66.7%). Diets are current with the incidence of hypertensions being 3 (100%). High diet with the incidence of hypertension, 20 high(64.5%), then lower 2 (33.3%). Moderate diet with incidence of hypertension, 0 respondents (0.0%). High diet with hypertension 8 respondents (25.8%). Studies obtained no correlation between diet and hypertension in the elderly is p=0.680<0.05. Which mean there’s no link between diet and hypertension in the elderly in Risa village and p=0.680”. The conclusion for research on the relationship between diet and hypertension in the village of Risa concludes: “there’s no link between diet and hypertension in the elderly in Risa village and p=0.680”.

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22

Khan, Imran, Abdul Ghaffar Dars, Nisar Ahmed Shah, and Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah. "ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 06 (June 9, 2018): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4439.

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23

Norwood, V. F. "Hypertension." Pediatrics in Review 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.23-6-197.

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24

Brady, Tammy M. "Hypertension." Pediatrics in Review 33, no. 12 (November 30, 2012): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.33-12-541.

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25

Pardell, Helios, Pedro Armario, Raquel Hernández, and Ricard Tresserras. "Hypertension." Disease Management & Health Outcomes 1, no. 3 (March 1997): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-199701030-00003.

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26

Cameron, James D., and Christopher J. Bulpitt. "Hypertension." Disease Management & Health Outcomes 2, no. 1 (July 1997): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-199702010-00002.

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27

Foldes, Cara, and Joslyn W. Fisher. "Hypertension." Annals of Internal Medicine 171, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l19-0447.

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28

Matsuoka, Hiroaki. "Hypertension." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 98, no. 1 (2009): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.98.167.

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29

Madhur, Meena S., Fernando Elijovich, Matthew R. Alexander, Ashley Pitzer, Jeanne Ishimwe, Justin P. Van Beusecum, David M. Patrick, et al. "Hypertension." Circulation Research 128, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 908–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318052.

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Elevated cardiovascular risk including stroke, heart failure, and heart attack is present even after normalization of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Underlying immune cell activation is a likely culprit. Although immune cells are important for protection against invading pathogens, their chronic overactivation may lead to tissue damage and high blood pressure. Triggers that may initiate immune activation include viral infections, autoimmunity, and lifestyle factors such as excess dietary salt. These conditions activate the immune system either directly or through their impact on the gut microbiome, which ultimately produces chronic inflammation and hypertension. T cells are central to the immune responses contributing to hypertension. They are activated in part by binding specific antigens that are presented in major histocompatibility complex molecules on professional antigen-presenting cells, and they generate repertoires of rearranged T-cell receptors. Activated T cells infiltrate tissues and produce cytokines including interleukin 17A, which promote renal and vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage leading to hypertension. In this comprehensive review, we highlight environmental, genetic, and microbial associated mechanisms contributing to both innate and adaptive immune cell activation leading to hypertension. Targeting the underlying chronic immune cell activation in hypertension has the potential to mitigate the excess cardiovascular risk associated with this common and deadly disease.

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30

&NA;. "Hypertension." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1158 (October 1998): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199811580-00027.

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31

Laine, Christine. "Hypertension." Annals of Internal Medicine 149, no. 11 (December 2, 2008): ITC6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-11-200812020-01006.

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32

Weir, Matthew R. "Hypertension." Annals of Internal Medicine 161, no. 11 (December 2, 2014): ITC1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-11-201412020-01006.

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33

Zdrojewski, Tomasz. "Hypertension." Journal of Health Inequalities 2 (2016): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/jhi.2016.65357.

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34

Welch, Ellen. "Hypertension." Nursing Standard 18, no. 13 (December 10, 2003): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2003.12.18.13.45.c3517.

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35

Hoel, Donna, Robert B. Howard, and Ray W. Gifford. "Hypertension." Postgraduate Medicine 101, no. 2 (February 1997): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.02.155.

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36

Fitzgerald, Kara, and Todd Lepine. "Hypertension." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 1, no. 2 (May 2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.2.007.

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37

Prichard, B. N. C. "Hypertension." Drugs 31, Supplement 1 (1986): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198600311-00012.

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38

Ribeiro, Artur Beltrame, Osvaldo Kohlmann, Odair Marson, Maria Teresa Zanella, and Oswaldo Luiz Ramos. "Hypertension." Drugs 35, Supplement 6 (1988): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198800356-00002.

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39

&NA;. "Hypertension." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 942 (June 1994): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409420-00003.

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40

Frolova, E. V. "HYPERTENSION." Russian Family Doctor 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd201626-18.

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41

Byrd, James Brian, and Robert D. Brook. "Hypertension." Annals of Internal Medicine 170, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): ITC65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/aitc201905070.

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42

Rahim, Sheikh Kashif, Shaukat Ali, and Zafar Latif. "HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 11 (November 10, 2015): 1423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.11.875.

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Objectives: To assess awareness about Hypertension among patients. Studydesign: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Medical OPD at Rawal General Hospital, Islamabad.Period: Three months from 1st April to 30th June. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 male,female patients attending Medical Out Patient Department at Rawal General Hospital Islamabadwere assessed regarding awareness about Hypertension using a self-constructed mixedquestionnaire (In English and Urdu). Results: Following findings were observed among patientsattending RGH, Islamabad: 82% of patients found to have family history of HTN, while 13%responded negative. 5% of the patients were unaware. 33% of patients found to have diabetesmellitus, while 29% responded negative and 38% of the patients were unaware of having or not.Hypertensive population found to be 51%. 45% found to adhering to anti-hypertensive treatment,while 55% responded negative. 80.6%, 90%, 73%, 82% and 85% considered the obesity, lackof exercise, cigarette smoking, anxiety and high cholesterol respectively as causative factor ofHTN. Excessive intake of salt was considered by 84% as causative factor of HTN. About 82%considered DM as causative factor of HTN. 79%, 73%, 93%, 55% of the patients considered thecardiac disease, renal failure, brain hemorrhage and loss vision respectively as complicationof HTN. 80%, 90%, 73%, 27% consider the regular exercise, reduced salt intake, no smoking,keeping weight under control respectively as preventive measures of HTN. About half and morethan half of the respondents considered frequent use of vegetables, excessive intake of sweets,as preventive measures of hypertension. Conclusions: The assessment of awareness aboutHypertension among population of various areas can be beneficial in effective planning fordisease prevention and control.

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43

Mushtaq, Mamoona, and Najma Najam. "HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 07 (July 10, 2015): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.07.1176.

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The literature review portrays a reasonable picture of the role of certain copingstrategies in developing hypertension. Objectives: Present research based on self-regulationtheory explored correlation of coping strategies of stress with hypertension. Design: Crosssectional research design. Setting: Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Services Hospital, Ganga RamHospital, Lahore. Period: June 2010 to June 2011. Method & material: Sample (N = 400)outdoor hypertensive males (N = 100) and hypertensive females (N = 100) between ages30-60, and their age matched healthy controls (N= 200, 100 males, 100 females) were takenfrom 3 hospitals. Measures: Brief COPE scale was used to measure coping strategies.Analysis: Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were carried out. Results: Significantpositive correlation of hypertension with active coping, substance use, instrumental support,positive reframing, acceptance, and self-blame was found and active coping, acceptance,instrumental social support and self-blame coping strategies appeared as significant predictorsof hypertension.

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44

Alam, Shazia, Huma Ali, Farya Zafar, Rabia Bushra, and Maqsood Ahmed. "HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 12 (December 10, 2016): 1449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.12.1795.

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Objectives: The study aim was to analyze the awareness of hypertension, lifestyle changes, treatment compliance and drug utilization of antihypertensive drugs amongHTN patients. Study Design: The prospective study. Setting: Cardiology Section of a TertiaryCare Private Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: Six months. Methods: Approximately 243HTN patients were enrolled. Patient’s history, demographic descriptions and antihypertensivetreatment were recorded through medical profiles. The descriptive statistical data was analyzedwith Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-20). Results: Out of 243 patients, majoritywere male (56.8%) with mean age of 59 years. Smoking and physical inactivity (39.5% and28.8%) were found the two leading environmental risk factors associated to hypertension.Majority of patients were still untreated (53.9%) and only (19.8%) patients treated appropriately.The reasons obtained behind included poor compliance (48.1%) against antihypertensivemedicines, less awareness of HTN (23.9%) than unawareness (76.1%) and lack of clinical visitsin relation to financial problems (25.1%, 26.7%). Antihypertensive drugs utilized were β-blockers(28%), ACE inhibitors (25.1%), CCBs (20.6%) followed by ARBs (19.8%) and diuretics (6.6%).Conclusion: Hypertension can be overcome by advancement of knowledge, health educationalprograms, promoting awareness of early recognition and treatment protocol.

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45

Mushtaq, Mamoona, and Najma Najam. "HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 02 (February 10, 2015): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.02.1377.

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Hypertension is a condition of the person in which blood pressure is chronicallyhigh. Hypertension is a leading factor to damage health and turn out many chronic conditionsin human body1. Objectives: To study the relationship of hypertension with psychologicalstates of anger, stress and anxiety and do they predict hypertension? Study Design: A corelational study. Methodology: Outdoor hypertensive patients (N = 200, men = 110, women= 90) between ages 30-65, and control group (N = 170, men = 90, women = 80), matchedwith age, gender and monthly income were taken from the public hospitals. STAXI (Spielberger,1988) and DASS (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used for data collection. Data analysis:Descriptive statistics, chi-square, logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Significantpositive correlation of hypertension with anger, stress and anxiety was found. Anger-control,anger-in, stress and anxiety emerged as strongest predictors of hypertension.

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46

Ilyas, Nasim, Kashif Rahim, and Azka Waqar. "HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 02 (February 10, 2015): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.02.1392.

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Hypertension is a common term to define a state of raised blood pressure, and theraised blood pressure is 140 mm Hg mean systolic blood pressure of and mean diastolic bloodpressure of at least 90 mm Hg. Objectives: To assess awareness about Hypertension amongpatients attending Medical OPD at THQ Hospital Hassan Abdal. Materials and Methods: A totalof 150 male, female patients belonging to both rural and urban areas attending Medical OutPatient Department at THQ Hospital Hassan Abdal using a self constructed mixed questionnaire(In English and Urdu). Results: Following findings were observed among patients attendingTHQ hospital, Hassan Abdal: Family history of HTN was found to be 49% and 26% was unawareof family history of HTN. 33% found to have diabetes, 38% were unaware of having or not.29.3% found to have HTN, 48.6% were unaware of having HTN or not. 34% of hypertensivepatients showed compliance to the anti-hypertensive treatment while (66%) showed noncompliance.60.6%, 78%, 62%, 74%, 68% considered the obesity, lack of exercise, cigarettesmoking, anxiety and high cholesterol respectively as causative factor of HTN. Excessive intakeof salt was considered by 56% as causative factor of HTN. 29% considered diabetes Mellitus ascausative factor of HTN. 42%, 31%, 46% and 34% considered the cardiac disease, renal failure,brain hemorrhage and loss vision respectively as complication of HTN. Stroke was consideredcomplication by (54%). 55%, 65%, 53% and 58% considered the regular exercise reduced saltintake, no smoking and keeping weight under-Control respectively as preventive measures ofHTN. Less than half of the respondents considered frequent use of vegetables, excessive intakeof sweets, as the preventive measures of HTN. Conclusions: The assessment of awarenessabout Hypertension among population of various areas can be beneficial in effective planningfor disease prevention and control.

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ARSHI, SHAHANA, MAZHAR BADSHAH, FARRAH NAZ, Fakhra Naheed, and Fasih-un Nisa. "HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 03 (September 10, 2011): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2363.

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ABSTRACT…Objective: To evaluate association of hypertension with central obesity in low to middle socioeconomic population. Study design: Descriptive study. Setting: OPD, Filter Clinic. Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. Islamabad. Period: June to September 2008. Methods: This study was carried out on 85 patients with history of hypertension. Out of total patients, 27 were males and 58 were females. The ages of the all patients were between 20 to 70 years. Parameters recorded included history, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference. The secondary causes were ruled out on the basis of history and physical examination. Data and results were analyzed in SPSS. Results: Out of 85 patients, 74 including 21 males and 53 females had increased Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), 66 including 14 males and 61 females had increased Waist Circumference (WC), while the Body Mass Index (BMI) of 33 including 6 males & 27 females were found obese. It also showed that the females are more prone to obesity. The age group between 41-60 years was most effected. The results indicates that waist hip ratio is the most common indicator of obesity in patients with essential hypertension as compare to waist circumference and body mass index. Conclusions: Hypertension is associated with central obesity in low to middle socioeconomic status.

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Amidon, Thomas M. "Hypertension." Postgraduate Medicine 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1996.10.89.

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Jones, Petre. "Hypertension." British Journal of General Practice 62, no. 605 (December 2012): 629.1–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp12x659213.

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Schwartz, Gary L. "Hypertension." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 81, no. 2 (February 2006): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/81.2.269-c.

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