Academic literature on the topic 'Hyperscan'

The hyper-scan method is one way that instructors employ to help students in class XI improve their reading comprehension. Indeed, many students struggle with reading comprehension. This is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) research comprising two cycles of 4 stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. was used to analyze the test data. The result shows the average pre-cycle score was 63.83, the first cycle score was 73.77, and the second cycle score was 84.33. According to the percentage of students who qualify, there has traditionally been an increase. The percentage of completion in pre-cycle tests ranged from 10% to 46.6 percent in the first cycle and up to 90% in the second cycle. As a result, it can be concluded that the hyper-scan method can assist in reading comprehension skills development

The hyperstar network has been recently proposed as an attractive product network that outperforms many popular topologies in various respects. In this paper we explore additional capabilities for the hyperstar network through an efficient parallel algorithm for solving the LU factorization problem on this network. The proposed parallel algorithm uses O(n) communication time on a hyperstar formed by the cross-product of two n-star graphs. This communication time improves the best known result for the hypercube-based LU factorization by a factor of log(n), and improves the best known result for the mesh-based LU factorization by a factor of (n - 1)!.

V dnešnom svete zrýchľujúcej sa sieťovej prevádzky je potrebné držať krok v jej monitorovaní . Dostatočný prehľad o dianí v sieti dokáže zabrániť rozličným útokom na ciele nachádzajúce sa v nej . S tým nám pomáhajú systémy IDS, ktoré upozorňujú na udalosti nájdené v analyzovanej prevádzke . Pre túto prácu bol vybraný systém Suricata . Cieľom práce je vyladiť nastavenia systému Suricata s rozhraním AF_PACKET pre optimálnu výkonnosť a následne navrhnúť a implementovať optimalizáciu Suricaty . Výsledky z meraní AF_PACKET majú slúžiť ako základ pre porovnanie s navrhnutým vylepšením . Navrhovaná optimalizácia implementuje nové rozhranie založené na projekte Data Plane Development Kit ( DPDK ). DPDK je schopné akcelerovať príjem paketov a preto sa predpokladá , že zvýši výkon Suricaty . Zhodnotenie výsledkov a porovnanie rozhraní AF_PACKET a DPDK je možné nájsť na konci diplomovej práce .

Diese Dissertation beschreibt die Synthese und Charakterisierung neuartiger Hyperstern-Polymere (HSP) und deren Funktion als Reaktivbinder in Epoxy- bzw. PUR-Harzen. Hyperstern-Polymere sind Hybride aus hochverzweigten (hvz) und linearen Polymeren. Sie können über ihre reaktiven OH-Gruppen als multifunktionelle hochverzweigte Quervernetzer kovalent in ein kationisch härtendes Epoxyharz einbinden und thermische sowie thermomechanische Eigenschaften verbessern.

Light is the primary source of energy in most of earth's ecosystems . In freshwater ecosystems the major interacting factors that determine the abundance and species composition of planktonic phototrophs, the primary utilizers of light, are nutrients, temperature and light. With increasing eutrophication and declining geographical latitude, nutrient availability becomes in excess of the organisms' requirements, water temperature is more favourable for growth, and community structure depends to a greater extent on light availability. This study focuses on the population dynamics of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin in subtropical Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa. The objectives of the study were: to investigate the annual cycle, and the factors leading to the dominance and success of the cyanobacterium in this hypertrophic, warm monomictic lake, where light availability is the major factor limiting phytoplankton growth rates; to study the surface blooms and ultimately hyperscums that this species forms; and to assess the ecological significance of hyperscums. A 4. 5-years field study of phytoplankton abundance and species composition in relation to changes in the physical environment, was undertaken. The hypothesis was that M. aeruginosa dominated the phytoplankton population (> 80 % by volume) up to 10 months of every year because it maintained itself within shallow diurnal mixed layers and was thus ensured access to light. It was shown that wind speeds over Hartbeespoort Dam were strong enough to mix the epilimnion (7 - 18 m depth) through Langmuir circulations only 12 % of the time. At other times solar heating led to the formation of shallow ( < 2 m) diurnal mixed layers (Z[1]) that were usually shallower than the euphotic zone (Zeu; x = 3.5 m), while the seasonal mixed layer (zrn) was always deeper than Zeu. From the correspondence between vertical gradients of chlorophyll a concentrations and density gradients, when M. aeruginosa was dominant, it was implied that this species maintained the bulk of its population within Z[1]. Under the same mixing conditions non-buoyant species sank into dark layers. These data point out the importance of distinguishing between Zrn and Z[1], and show the profound effect that the daily pattern of Z[1], as opposed to the seasonal pattern of Zrn can have on phytoplankton species composition Adaptation to strong light intensities at the surface was implicated from low cellular chlorophyll a content (0.132 μg per 10[6] cells) and high I[k ](up to 1230 μE m⁻² S¯¹). Ensured access to light, the postmaximum summer populations persisted throughout autumn and winter, despite suboptimal winter temperatures, by sustaining low losses. Sedimentation caused a sharp decline of the population at the end of winter each year and a short ( 2-3 months) successional episode follCMed, rut by late spring M. aeruginosa. was again dominant. The mixing regime in Hartbeespoort Dam and the buoyancy mechanism of M. aeruginosa led to frequent formation of surface bloons and ultimately hyperscums. Hyperscums were defined as thick (decimeters), crusted, buoyant cyanobacterial mats, in which the organisms are so densely packed that free water is not evident. In Hartbeespoort Dam in winter M. aeruginosa formed hyperscums that measured up to 0.75 m in thickness, covered more than a hectare, contained up to 2 tonnes of chlorophyll a, and persisted for 2 - 3 monnths. Hyperscum formation was shown to depend upon the coincidence of the following preconditions: a large, pre-existing standing crop of positively buoyant cyanobacteria; turbulent mixing that is too weak to overcome the tendency of the cells to float, over prolonged periods (weeks); lake morphometry with wind-protected sites on lee shores; and high incident solar radiation. The infrequent occurrence of hyperscums can be attributed to the rare co-occurrence of these conditions. Colonies in the hyperscum were arranged in a steep vertical gradient, where colony compaction increased exponentially with decreasing distance form the surface. This structure was caused by evaporative dehydration at the surface, and by the buoyancy regulation mechanism of M. aeruginosa., which results with cells being unable to lose boyancy when deprived access to light from above. The mean chlorophyll a concentration and water content were 3.0 g 1¯¹ and 14 % at the surface crust, 1.0 g 1¯¹ and 77 % at a few mm depth, and 0.3 g 1¯¹ and 94 % at 10 cm depth, where M. aeruginosa cell concentration exceeded 109 ml¯¹. A consequence of the high cell and pigment concentrations was that light penetrated only 3 mm or less, below which anaerobic, highly reduced conditions developed. Nutrient concentrations in hyperscum interstitial water, collected by dialysis, increased dramatically with time (phosphate: 30-fold over 3 months; ammonia: 260-fold). Volatile fatty acids, intermediate metabolites in anaerobic decomposition processes, were present. Gas bubbles trapped within the hyperscum contained methane (28 %) , and CO[2] (19 %), the major end products of anaerobic decomposition, and no oxygen. The structure and function of M. aeruginosa in hyperscum was examined in relation to the vertical position of colonies and the duration of exposure to hyperscum condition. Colonies and cells collected from 10 em depth in the hyperscum were similar in their morphology (light and fluorescent microscopy) and ultrastructure (transmission and scanning electron microscopy) to those of colonies from surface blooms in the main basin of the lake. With declining depth over the uppermost 10 mm of the hyperscum cells appeared increasingly dehydrated, decomposed and' colonized by bacteria. studies employing microelectrode techniques demonstrated that photosynthetic activity of colonies at the surface of a newly accumulated hyperscum rapidly photoinhibited, substrate-limited, and then ceased within hours of exposure to light intensities > 625 μE m⁻² S¯¹. Photooxidative death followed. The dead cells dehydrated to form the dry crust, from underneath. and space was thus created for colonies rising Cells collected from 10 cm depth retained their photosynthetic capacity ([14]C-uptake experiments) throughout the hyperscum season, although a considerable decline in this capacity was noted over the last (third) month. Altogether the data indicated that spatial separation developed within the hyperscum, between a zone at the surface of lethal physical conditions, a zone beneath the surface of stressful and probably lethal chemical conditions, and a deeper zone of more moderate conditions, which nevertheless, deteriorated after 2 - 3 months. A conceptual model describing the fate of a colony entering a hyperscum was then proposed. According to this model, a colony that arrives below a hyperscum and is not carried away by currents, becomes over-buoyant in the dark and floats into the bottom of the hyperscum. With time it migrates towards, due to its own positive buoyancy, the buoyancy of colonies rising from underneath, and the collapse of cells at the top. It survives in the dark, anaerobic environment by maintaining low levels of basal metabolism while utilizing stored reserves. Depending on weather conditions, the colony mayor may not remain within the hyperscum long enough to reach the zone of decomposition near the surface, where it would die. With the aging of the hyperscum and the accumulation of trapped decomposition products, the zone of decomposition expands. Thus, a hyperscum is essentially a site of a continuous cycle of death and dehydration at the surface and upward migration of colonies from below to replace those that died, although not all colonies entering the hyperscum necessarily reach the lethal zone. The formation of hyperscums was shown to have no major influence on the annual cycle of M. aeruginosa in Hartbeespoort Dam. The seasonality of increase and decline of the planktonic population was similar from year to year, irrespective of whether or not hyperscums formed. The phenomenon of hyperscums demonnstrated that, as Reynolds and Walsby (1975) claimed, thick cyanobacterial water-blooms do form incidentally and have no vital function in the biology of the organism. water temperature did have a major effect on the annual cycle of this species in Hartbeespoort Dam. In temperate lakes the low water temperatures in autumn and winter (<10° C) cause M. aeruginosa to lose its ability to regain buoyancy in the dark, and consequently it sinks to bottom sediments. The higher ( > l2°C) minimum winter temperature in Hartbeespoort Dam leads to the maintenance of a relatively large residual planktonic population throughout the winter. Unlike the case in temperate lakes, the long-term survival of M. aeruginosa in warm-water lakes probably does not depend on winter benthic stocks for the provision of an inoculum for the following growth season.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1987.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>衛星資訊暨地球環境研究所<br>97<br>Inland and coastal waters are the most important water resources for human beings, however, general approaches for assessing the water qualities of such an important water resource all rely on the data collected at a few sampling point. Those data are usually insufficient to identify the spatiotemporal variations of water-quality parameters. Water quality parameters derived from the remote sensing techniques may have potential to extend current monitoring results to comprehensively assess the water status. Although the progressing in remote sensing technology has enabled the observations of ocean color to be made from space, the existing spaceborne ocean color sensors are inappropriate for monitoring the water quality of inland water because of the limited spatial resolutions. Monitoring the inland water quality using airborne hyperspectral sensor is better but costly on a regular basis. The newly developed shipborne Hyper Surface Acquisition System (HyperSAS) can be deployed as a primary tool to monitor the water quality or a ground truth collector for calibrating airborne and spaceborne sensors. Several in-situ and numerical experiments were conducted to test the data sensitivity of HyperSAS in different operation conditions and thus the standard operation procedures (SOP) were made to give reliable measurements of water-surface reflectance in ships. Five field campaigns to Tsengwen Reservoir (TWR) (inland water), Gao-Ping (Kao-Ping) River mouth (coastal water), and southwest coastal of Taiwan (SW) (coastal water) were conducted during March 2008 to July 2009. In the cruise of 11/28/2008, field campaign to TWR was conducted simultaneously with an airborne imager (Intelligent Spectral Imager System, ISIS). A newly developed water color retrieval algorithm, GA-SA, was applied to derive the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), color dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suspended solids (SS) and non-algal particles (NAP) from the HyperSAS-measured reflectance (Rrs). Additionally, the optimal spectral bands of HyperSAS for water constituent retrieval were obtained using band selection methods for improving the efficiency of GA-SA. SOP of HyperSAS For a reliable measurement of Rrs, the distance between water surface and the sensor for measuring the surface radiance should be 1.5m or larger. A significant direct sun-glint effect was found in the measured Rrs when the radiance sensors are pointed at the azimuth angle between 0° and 135° to the solar plane. An optimal range 30° to 50° is suggested for the zenith angle of sky radiance measurement (also the nadir angle for measuring the surface radiance). Finally, the irradiance sensor should not be shaded when the Rrs is measuring. Accuracy assessment of water quality inversion using GA-SA and shipborne HyperSAS In two TWR cruises that HyperSAS were operated as the SOP given above, the measured Rrs gives good retrievals of Chl-a and SS using GA-SA and Case2 bio-optical models, as the mean absolute error (MAE) are all within 35%. The SW region contains not only optically Case 1 but also Case 2 waters in one cruise, thus the overall water quality inversion in this area is not as good as TWR where the optical properties are relatively consistent. Therefore, we developed a band ratio index using Rrs measured at 405 nm and 550 nm to determine the suitable bio-optical model for GA-SA before the retrieval. The overall accuracy for water quality inversion are improved significantly by this new approach, as the MAE for Chl-a and SS were improved from 137％ to 58％ and from 57％ to 47％, respectively. Other applications of HyperSAS The shipborne HyperSAS can be deployed as a ground truth collector to provide reliable surface reflectance data for the atmospheric correction of airborne and spaceborne sensors. In the case of ISIS mission, the deviation of Chl-a and SS inversion from atmospheric corrected ISIS image were improved, as the MAE were all within 50％ and the ISIS image was capable to mapping the reservoir water quality. In the case of Gao-Ping River mouth, the river plume can be classified in terms of the particle contents using the Rrs spectrum measured by HyperSAS. This newly developed classification method can be further applied in satellite imagery, such as the high temporal/spatial resolution Formosat-2 imagery.

Abstract Cloud computing is the dominant paradigm in modern computing, used by billions of Internet users worldwide. It is a market dominated by a small number of hyperscale cloud service providers. The overwhelming majority of cloud customers agree to standard form click-wrap contracts, with no opportunity to negotiate specific terms and conditions. Few cloud customers read the contracts that they agree to. It is clear that contracts in cloud computing are primarily an instrument of control benefiting one side, the cloud service provider. This chapter provides an introduction to the relationship between psychological trust, contracts and contract law. It also offers an overview of the key contract law issues that arise in cloud computing and introduces some emerging paradigms in cloud computing and contracts.