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1
Rajaprakash, Meghna, and Mary L. Leppert. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Pediatrics In Review 43, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2020-000612.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. The major components of this disorder are developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, which result in functional impairment in 1 or more areas of academic, social, and emotional function. In addition to the propensity for children to have some compromise of academic and emotional function, children with ADHD also have a higher frequency of co-occurring learning, cognitive, language, motor, and mental health disorders. Similarly, children with developmental disorders have a higher risk of co-occurring ADHD. The diagnosis of ADHD can be ascertained by a review of the risks for the condition, consideration of masquerading conditions, a careful history and physical examination, and the recognition of co-occurring disorders. The signs and symptoms of co-occurring disorders and the management of ADHD differ across early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Management is largely limited to behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, and it favors behavioral strategies in early childhood, pharmacologic and behavioral strategies in middle childhood, and pharmacologic interventions in adolescence. This article offers an approach to the evaluation, presentation, and management of ADHD with a focus on guiding primary care pediatricians.
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Fattah Mohammed, Hussein Ahmed Abdel. "Patterns of sleep disorders in children with autism with the attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol8iss1pp81-101.
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The present study aims to identify the extent of the prevalence of some sleep disorders patterns of autistic children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the preparation and rationing measure of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder when autistic children, and scale disturbances of sleep when autistic children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and differences gender (male - female) in sleep disorders patterns in these children, and to identify the predictable patterns of sleep disorders in autistic children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the study sample: The sample consisted reconnaissance of the (study 60) of children with autism parents, has been application on (60) of children (40 males and 20 females) between the ages of (7 -12 years), sample basic study consisted of (80) of children with autism parents, it has been the application on (80) of autistic children (50 males 0.30 females) between the ages of (7-12 years), and the study sample of visitors to Al Amal Hospital for Mental Health Barar- northern border region - Saudi Arabia, approach the study: the use of a researcher in the current study, the descriptive approach comparative The study found that it can predictable patterns of sleep disorders in children with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, as some common patterns of sleep disorders in children study sample and found statistically significant differences in sleep disorders among both male and female patterns of children study sample in favor of males.
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Awan, Inayatullah, Jmail Junejo, Sabahat Jabeen, and Asma Perveen. "CHILDREN ATTENTION DEFICT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 04 (April 10, 2015): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.04.1334.
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Objective: To determine the frequency of functional impairment in the domainof “school and learning” among school going age children with ADHD. Study Design: Crosssectionalstudy. Setting: Neuropsychiatry OPD at National Institute of Child Health (NICH),Karachi. Period: April 2012 to October 2012. Methodology: A total 122 child and adolescentpatients of school going age i.e. 05-15 years diagnosed as having ADHD were included in thestudy. A Proforma was used to denote demographic details of the patients. Impairment in thedomain of “school and learning” was measured by using the Weiss Functional ImpairmentRating Scale – Parent Report (WFIRS-P). Results: of the total 122 patients 74% were malesand 26% were females. 61% were studying in primary school whereas 28% either never wentto school or had quit school. overall the domain of school and learning was impaired in about48% of children with females’ representation being slightly more (50%) compared to males(46%). within the domain of school and learning maximum number of children were impairedin keeping up with schoolwork and needing tutoring (61%); whereas the least frequency ofimpairment was observed in being suspended or expelled from school (30%). Conclusions:ADHD causes functional impairment among children of school going age in the domain ofschool and learning.
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Parreira, Ana Filipa, António Martins, Filipa Ribeiro, and Filipe Glória Silva. "Validação Clínica da Versão Portuguesa do Questionário de Hábitos de Sono das Crianças (CSHQ-PT) em Crianças com Perturbações do Sono e PHDA." Acta Médica Portuguesa 32, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.10906.
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Introduction: The Portuguese version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties in a community sample but the American cut-off seemed inadequate. This study aimed to validate this questionnaire in clinical populations of children with sleep disorders and with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.Material and Methods: The study sample included 148 Portuguese children aged 2 to 10 years old that where divided in 3 groups: 1. Clinical group with sleep disorders (behavioral insomnias, parasomnias or sleep-related breathing disorders); 2. Clinical group with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder; 3. Control group. The sleep habits and sleep problems were evaluated using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Sleep-related disorders were confirmed by polysomnography.Results: The questionnaire’s internal consistency (Cronbach α) in the clinical sample (sleep disorders and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder) was 0.75 and ranged from 0.55 to 0.85 for the subscales. Children with sleep disorders and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder had a higher sleep disturbance index (full scale score) compared to the control group. The subscales presented significant differences between the subgroups with different sleep disorders showing discriminative validity. The receiver operating characteristic analysis of the sleep disturbance index comparing the sleep disorder and control sample determined a cut-off of 48 (sensibility 0.83;specificity 0.69).Discussion: Children with sleep disorders and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder evidenced higher Sleep Disturbance Index (full scale score) comparing to the control group. The subscales presented significative differences between the subgroups with different sleep disorders showing discriminative validityConclusion: The Portuguese version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties for children with sleep disorders and/or attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The cut-off value 48 is better adjusted for the Portuguese population.
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Vance, Alasdair, Katrina Harris, Marilyn Boots, Jessica Talbot, and Mary Karamitsios. "Which Anxiety Disorders May Differentiate Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type with Dysthymic Disorder from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type Alone?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 5 (October 2003): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01235.x.
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Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT), dysthymic disorder, and anxiety disorders frequently co-occur in primary school age children, although there have been no published data describing their association. We investigated the association of anxiety, defined from a parent or child perspective, with primary school-age children with ADHD-CT with and without dysthymic disorder. Method: One hundred and forty-six medication naïve children with ADHD-CT were studied. Two groups with and without dysthymic disorder were formed to compare parent and child reports of anxiety, using categorical and continuous measures of anxiety, using logistic regression. Results: Separation anxiety disorder and social phobia were associated with primary school-age children with ADHD-CT and dysthymic disorder, compared to children with ADHD-CT without dysthymic disorder. Conclusions: The recognition of dysthymic disorder and anxiety disorders and their management in primary school-age children with ADHD-CT is generally poorly understood. The identification and elucidation of composite anxiety and depressive phenomena that may be systematically investigated through longitudinal studies of epidemiologically derived samples is needed in this particular group of children.
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Nazer, M., and O. Hamid. "Comparison of Learning Disabilities in Reading, Math, Spelling and Academic Progress of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity and Normal Children at Elementary Schools." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2201.
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Learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity of important issues should be considered in elementary school students. The aim of this study was comparison learning disorders, reading, spelling, math and achievement among students in elementary school grades in Bandar Abbas. For this purpose, 384 students were randomly selected. Instruments for gathering data were:– k-Math test;– test spelling disorder (Fallahchai test);– reading test (Baezat test);– CSI-4.Factor analysis of variance test was used to analyze of data. The results showed that in the scale of dyslexia, there were more disorders in the children with attention deficit disorder in reading errors, comprehension and reading speed than normal group. In mathematical disorder scale, there were significant difference between the two groups of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children. Then, the children with attention deficit disorder had higher disorders in operations math, mathematical concepts, mathematical applications, and general score math. The scale of the problem dictates there were significant difference between the two groups of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children. Then, the children with attention deficit disorder had higher disorders in problem dictates. In academic achievement, the children with attention deficit disorder had lower mean in academic achievement. Finally, the results showed that age, gender, and their interaction had no significant impact on learning disorders, based on attention deficit disorder and normal groups.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Filippatou, Diamanto N., and Eleni A. Lpvaniou. "Comorbidity and WISC–III Profiles of Greek Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disabilities, and Language Disorders." Psychological Reports 97, no. 2 (October 2005): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.2.485-504.
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The aim of the present study was to (a) examine the prevalence of ADHD and the comorbid difficulties in a sample of 114 children, 3.6 to 17.6 yr. of age (89 boys, 25 girls) referred to our Unit and (b) evaluate the discriminative ability of the WISC–III scores for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( n = 22), Learning Disability ( n = 50), and Language Disorder ( n = 42). Analysis showed only 18% of 114 children had an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis. Multivariate analysis of variance and stepwise discriminant function analysis were applied. Vocabulary and similarities were the best predictors for distinguishing between language disorders and the other two groups. Moreover, the Language Disorder group scored significantly lower on all the subtests while the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability groups scored lower on coding and information, respectively. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability could not be accurately identified from the WISC–III test or their ACID profile.
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Mokobane, Maria, Basil Joseph Pillay, and Anneke Meyer. "Behaviour planning and inhibitory control in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246319838104.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common disorders that can occur in children. The symptoms are thought to result from a deficit in executive functions. This study investigated whether children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes differed in behavioural planning and response inhibition, two of the domains of executive functioning, from a control group without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Furthermore, it examined whether the three attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes differed from each other in terms of performance. The sample ( n = 320) consisted of primary school children, aged between 6 and 14 years, from the Moletjie circuit (Limpopo). It consisted of an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group ( n = 160) and a control group ( n = 160). The Disruptive Behavioural Disorder rating scale was used to establish the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Tower of London was used to measure planning ability, and the inhibition subtest (arrows and shapes) from the NEPSY-II (Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, second edition) to measure response inhibition. Analysis of variance was employed to establish differences in subtype, gender, and age group. The results showed that children with the combined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtype demonstrated significantly more deficits than the control group, in both behavioural planning and inhibition control. No significant differences between the hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and the control group were found. Gender and age did not influence performance with regard to planning and inhibition tasks. Correlations between planning behaviour and response inhibition were low, which suggests that they are distinct processes.
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Permatawati, Medina, Agung Triono, and Mei Neni Sitaresmi. "Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Paediatrica Indonesiana 1, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi1.1.2018.46-50.
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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian children with ADHD have not been widely studied.Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%) experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type (OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have significantly more severe sleep disorders.
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Permatawati, Medina, Agung Triono, and Mei Neni Sitaresmi. "Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Paediatrica Indonesiana 58, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.1.2018.48-52.
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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian children with ADHD have not been widely studied.Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%) experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type (OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have significantly more severe sleep disorders.
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Korabel’nikova, E. A. "Anxiety disorders in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 4 (2020): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-302-308.
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Aim: to assess the prevalence and presentations of anxiety in preschool children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Patients and Methods: preschoolers (4–6 years) and their parents were enrolled. 30 children with ADHD and their parents were included in the study group and 15 healthy children and their parents were included in the control group. The study was performed in Moscow kindergartens. Clinical anamnestic, experimental psychological (Р. Temple, М. Dorkey, and Е.W. Amen anxiety test adapted by V.M. Astapov; “Fears in Houses” test modified by M.A. Panfilova; questionnaire for anxiety in children for a teacher and parents by G.P. Lavrent’eva and T.M. Titarenko), and statistical tests were applied. Results: in children with ADHD, a significantly higher level of anxiety was reported as demonstrated by Р. Temple, М. Dorkey, and Е.W. Amen anxiety test results (i.e., the test completed by children themselves). The percentage of children with 15 fears or more was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. Most preschoolers from both groups experience so-called age-related fears. In addition, age-inappropriate social fears (e.g., a fear of punishment or a fear of being late for kindergarten) were revealed in children with ADHD. These fears were much more common in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusions: our findings demonstrate a higher level of anxiety in children with ADHD compared to healthy children. Therefore, anxiety may be regarded as an ADHD-associated factor. In addition to typical age-related fears, children with ADHD experience so-called social fears. This phenomenon illustrates a fear of disapproval and punishment and a propensity for low self-esteem. KEYWORDS: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, preschoolers. FOR CITATION: Korabel’nikova E.A. Anxiety disorders in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):302–308. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-302-308.
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Devkota, Narmada, Shishir Subba, Janardan Devkota, Jaya Regmee, and Deepika Pokhrel. "Validation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Scale for Children." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1407.
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Background: There is no valid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic tool to fit Nepalese culture and language till date. Current study is intended to develop and validate the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder scale for children in Nepal.Methods: Mixed method study was conducted with 840 samples (i.e. children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder =356, Anxiety =128 and General Population=356).Items generation, scale development and scale evaluation were the three consecutive steps followed to develop and validate the scale.Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (already met the Diagnostic and statistical Manual-5 criteria) were further assessed by Kiddie-Schedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL), Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory (CASI-5) to confirm the diagnosis and psychometric validation. Pilot studies were done for items clarity. Each data obtained from three comparison groups (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , Anxiety and General Population) were included for standardization process where tests of dimensionality, reliability, validity,calculating norms (cut off) were doneas scale evaluation process.Results: The final version of the scale had 21 items. Three sub-scales (Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity) were identified by using Principal Axis Factor Analysis.All factors showed strong statistically significant convergent validity and Discriminant validity Cronbach’s alpha of each item is ? 0.91.As total score criteria, 38.5 is considered as the best cut-off point for this scale.Conclusions: By using systematic process, a valid and reliable Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic scale is being developed in Nepalese culture and language.Keywords: ADHD; development and validation; executive function.
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Devkota, Narmada, Shishir Subba, Janardan Devkota, Jaya Regmee, and Deepika Pokhrel. "Validation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Scale for Children." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i3.21421.
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Background: There is no valid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic tool to fit Nepalese culture and language till date. Current study is intended to develop and validate the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder scale for children in Nepal.Methods: Mixed method study was conducted with 840 samples (i.e. children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder =356, Anxiety =128 and General Population=356).Items generation, scale development andscale evaluation were the three consecutive steps followed to develop and validate the scale.Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (already met the Diagnostic and statistical Manual-5 criteria) were further assessed by KiddieSchedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL), Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory (CASI5) to confirm the diagnosis and psychometric validation. Pilot studies were done for items clarity. Each data obtained from three comparison groups (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , Anxiety and General Population) were included for standardization process where tests of dimensionality, reliability, validity,calculating norms (cut off) were doneas scale evaluation process.Results: The final version of the scale had 21 items. Three sub-scales (Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity) were identified by using Principal Axis Factor Analysis.All factors showed strong statistically significant convergent validity and Discriminant validity Cronbach’s alpha of each item is ≥ 0.91.As total score criteria, 38.5 is considered as the best cut-off point for this scale.Conclusions: By using systematic process, a valid and reliable Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic scale is being developed in Nepalese culture and language.
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Sherifi, Edo, and Ardita Prendi. "Treatment of Children with Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0054.
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ADHD is one of the most common disorders described, studied and treated over the last decade. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a massive psychological problem encountered in children 2-11 years old. The purpose of this paper is the identification of attention disorders and hyperactive behaviors in children, and the main causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Identifyig therapeutic treatments used to manage attention disorders and hyperactive behavior in children is also a goal of our article. The case study and qualitative analyzes were applied to conduct this study and to achieve some objectives such as: Presentation of the main problems that children with ADHD revealed; identification of the causes and factors that cause hyperactivity; exploration of the impact of early intervention of treatment therapies; identification of the role of the psychologist in the treatment of hyperactivity disorder in children. The instruments for data collection used in the study were: Case study; vertical grille observation; interview; focus groups. The results show that the treatment of children with ADHD, with Therapy and Individual Education Plans, improved the parameters of these children such are the improvement of motor parameters, cognitive training and communication training. Therapies and Individual Education Programs (IEPs) applied to children with attention disorders and hyperactive behavior positively affects their attention span, and management of their hyperactive behavior. Medication, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychotherapy and social behavior therapy, positively affect cognitive development and social skills, reducing hyperactivity, and focusing attention of children with ADHD.
Received: 24 December 2021 / Accepted: 7 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
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Babaei Aghdam, Mahsa, Shahrokh Amiri, Naeimeh Moheb, and Salman Abdi. "Severity of personality disorder symptom in parents of children with autistic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal control." Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/shenakht.8.3.128.
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Introduction: Parents problems can not only lead to the occurrence or aggravation of their childrens disorders, but also affect their childrens psychological problems. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare personality disorder symptom in parents of children with autism disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal control. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The population of this study included all parents of children with autism and ADHD from Tabriz City in year 2020. 130 parents of children with autism, 170 parents of children with ADHD were selected available sampling method and were mached with 273 parents of normal control. All the clinical assessment of autism, ADHD and comorbidities were conducted by child and adolescent psychiatrists. The severity of personality disorder symptom were assessed by Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). Kruskal-Wallis test using SPSS version 26 software was used for data analysis. Results: According to results of Kruskal-Wallis test, the mean ranking of personality disorders in the three groups respectively were parents of children with autism> parents of children with ADHD> control parents were (p<0.01). Conclusion: Parents of children with autism suffer from higher vulnerability than symptoms of personality disorders compared to parents of children with ADHD. Additional studies are needed to make clinical interventions in parents appropriate to childrens mental disorders.
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Dykman, Roscoe A., and Peggy T. Ackerman. "Behavioral Subtypes of Attention Deficit Disorder." Exceptional Children 60, no. 2 (October 1993): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299306000207.
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This article reviews research on three behavioral subtypes of attention deficit disorder (ADD): without hyperactivity (ADD/WO), with hyperactivity (ADDH), and with hyperactivity and aggression (ADDHA). Children with ADDHA appear to be at increased risk to have oppositional and conduct disorders, whereas children with ADD/WO tend to show symptoms such as anxiety and depressed mood. Children in the three subtypes have similar rates of learning disabilities, but all have higher rates than found in control groups. Teacher and parent ratings are more sensitive than laboratory measures in differentiating the subtypes. Follow-up studies strongly suggest more adverse outcomes for ADDHA children.
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Mokobane, Maria, Basil Pillay, Nicho Thobejane, and Anneke Meyer. "Delay aversion and immediate choice in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246319876145.
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Motivational factors play a significant role in the pathology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and are associated with altered reinforcement sensitivity. Delay aversion as a motivational style is characterised by a negative emotional reaction to the burden of delay. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have a stronger need to seek smaller immediate rewards rather than larger delayed rewards. This study ascertains whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have different responses when asked to choose between a larger delayed reward and a smaller immediate reward. Furthermore, it determines whether there are differences in response among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presentations. A sample ( N = 188) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder participants ( n = 94) was compared with that of a group of children ( n = 94) without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These children attended primary school in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The Two-Choice Impulsivity Paradigm computer task was administered. The results showed that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–combined presentation selected significantly smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards in comparison to the control group, whereas children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–predominantly inattentive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–hyperactive/impulsive presentations did not demonstrate a significant difference in choice compared to the control group. In addition, no effect for gender was found. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder seem to present with impulsive responses, which lead them to complete the concerned task faster and thereby escape delay. The study confirmed that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–combined presentation may face problems with waiting for delayed rewards, which could have negative consequences in social and academic situations.
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Dana, Amir, Mir Hamid Salehian, Tayebeh Bani Asadi, and Parinaz Ghanati. "The Relationship between Motor Self-Motivation and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity in Adhd Children." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1666–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561666.
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Background: The growth and development of the child are essential and inevitable, and the growth of every child requires motor development. Purpose: This study examines the relationship between motor self-motivation and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder's symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 40 people were selected by the convenience sampling method from the psychology centers of the province. The research method was descriptive-correlational. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between motor self-motivation and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results of regression analysis also showed that motor self-motivation is able to predict the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Conclusion: In general, the more children's motor motivation, the more minor attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder's symptoms. Keywords: Hyperactivity, motor self-motivation, motor development, preschool
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Thompson, Margaret. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or hyperactivity in preschool children." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 68, no. 7 (July 2007): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2007.68.7.23970.
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Souza, Isabella, Maria Antônia Pinheiro, and Paulo Mattos. "Anxiety disorders in an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder clinical sample." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 2b (June 2005): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000300008.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of anxiety disorders in a clinical referred sample of children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: 78 children and adolescents with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria were investigated with a semi-structured interview (P-CHIPS), complemented by clinical interviews with the children or adolescents and their parents. Their IQ was calculated with neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: A high prevalence of anxiety disorders (23.05%) was found in the sample. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most prevalent disorder (12,8%), followed by social phobia (3,84%) and separation anxiety disorder (3,8%). Two children showed more than one anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with ADHD seem to be more prone to have comorbid anxiety disorders, at least in clinical samples referred to specialized units.
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Rahmawati, Dwi Nur, Bunga Astria Paramashanti, and Rosma Fyki Kamala. "Stunting was not associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 36-59 month in Sedayu Subdistrict." Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2017.5(3).59-64.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Results of Riskesdas in 2013 showed the prevalence of stunting by 37%. Stunting is a growth disorders such as chronic malnutrition will cause linear growth of troubled children. Stunting apart from the impact of the development of IQ, cognitive and motoric sector but also on emotional development. Hyperactivity disorder or ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the emotional problems in children.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stunting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children aged 36-59 months in the Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta in 2017.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a cross-sectional approach. The samples studied amount 185 samples retrieval techniques probability proportional to size (PPS). Variable examined included stunting and hyperactivity disorder.\</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of stunting in this study was 34,2%, meanwhile the prevalence of hyperactivity was 28,8%. Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between stunting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR=0,98; 95%CI: 0,50-1,91).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> there was no association between stunting and hyperactivity in young children.</p><p> </p><p><strong>KEYWORDS: </strong>stunting, hyperactivity, ADHD, children </p>
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Bhargava, SubhashC, and Sujata Sethi. "Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 2 (2005): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.55958.
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Tsai, Ming-Horng, and Yu-Shu Huang. "Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sleep Disorders in Children." Medical Clinics of North America 94, no. 3 (May 2010): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2010.03.008.
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Matkeeva, A. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/63/16.
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The article presents the characteristics of 60 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6 to 11 years, depending on the type of classification, who were treated at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (Bishkek).
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Meletis, Chris D., and Ben Bramwell. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children." Alternative and Complementary Therapies 6, no. 6 (December 2000): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/act.2000.6.315.
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Batsche, George M., and Howard M. Knoff. "Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Special Services in the Schools 9, no. 1 (April 21, 1995): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j008v09n01_04.
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Leffert, Nancy, and Amy Susman. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children." Journal of Pediatrics 5, no. 4 (1993): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008480-199308000-00009.
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Baxter, Peter S. "Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (August 1995): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008480-199508000-00007.
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Zinov'eva, O. E., E. G. Rogovina, and E. A. Tyrinova. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics, no. 1 (May 6, 2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-1-4-8.
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Bramble, D., A. Klassen, P. Raina, A. Miller, S. Lee, M. S. Thambirajah, A. Weaver, and G. D. Kewley. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children." BMJ 317, no. 7167 (October 31, 1998): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1250b.
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Ray, G. Thomas, Peter Levine, Lisa A. Croen, Farasat A. S. Bokhari, Teh-wei Hu, and Laurel A. Habel. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 160, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.10.1063.
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Barkauskienė, Rasa, Asta Bongarzoni, Rasa Bieliauskaitė, Roma Jusienė, and Saulė Raižienė. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: possibilities of early diagnostics." Medicina 45, no. 10 (October 10, 2009): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45100099.
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The present study aimed at analyzing the possibilities of early diagnostics of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in toddlers and preschool children. Parents and caregivers from children day care centers provided information about 863 children (mean age, 47.18 months; 410 girls and 453 boys). The methods used in the study were as follows: Child Behavior Checklist/1½-5 (CBCL), Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF), and clinical questionnaire for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The study consisted of two stages: 1) screening of the emotional and behavioral problems of children based on parental and caregiver-teachers’ reports; 2) clinical interview with parents of children at risk for attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder as measured by empirical ratings of attention hyperactivity symptoms. Results revealed that according to parental ratings, attention and hyperactivity problems are related to children’s age. According to caregiver-teachers’ ratings, boys were rated as having more problems of attention and hyperactivity than girls. Based on the results from the first stage, children at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were analyzed further. Case study analysis showed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in these children to be a part of overall pattern characterized by behavioral, emotional, and other problems. The quantitative as well as qualitative analysis provides the evidence for a high comorbidity of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and other emotional and behavioral problems in early childhood. Study showed that comprehensive clinical assessment is necessary for early diagnostics of ADHD.
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Ervinaeni, Yunia, Aziz Setyawan Hidayat, and Eri Riana. "Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Gangguan Hiperaktif Pada Anak Dengan Metode Naive Bayes Berbasis Web." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i2.1158.
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Disorder concentration attention or better known as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the main psychiatric problems that are often found in children. Hyperactive disorders are usually seen in children and as we get older the more difficult to deal with. There were 3 hyperactive disorders taken in this study namely hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Inattetion (Personality Problems). To help diagnose these hyperactive disorders, an expert system application is made to diagnose hyperactive disorders in children that can facilitate the public in diagnosing hyperactive disorders in children. Making this web-based expert system application uses the Naive Bayes method. The Naive Bayes method is a simple opportunity classification based on the application of the Bayes theorem with the assumption that between variables (independent) the presence or absence of a particular event from a group is not related to the presence or absence of other events. The final results are given in the form of a percentage of the diagnosis of hyperactivity in children.
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Türkoğlu, Serhat, Battal Tahsin Somuk, Emrah Sapmaz, and Ayhan Bilgiç. "Effect of adenotonsillectomy on sleep problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, and quality of life of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sleep-disordered breathing." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 54, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217419829988.
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Objective Chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common etiologic reason for upper airway obstruction in childhood and has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders and poor quality of life. In the present study, we investigated the impact of adenotonsillectomy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, sleep problems, and quality of life in children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Methods The parents of children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy filled out the Conners’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Parent version (PedsQL-P) before and six months after adenotonsillectomy. Results A total of 64 children were included in the study (mean age = 6.8 ± 2.4 years; boy:girl ratio= 1). The mean attention deficit hyperactivity disorder index and oppositionality subdomain scores of the CPRS-RS and all of the CSHQ subdomain scores (bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, sleep anxiety, night waking, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness) except for sleep duration significantly decreased after adenotonsillectomy ( p < 0.05). The PedsQL-P total score and both PedsQL-P physical health and psychosocial health subdomain scores were significantly higher at six months after adenotonsillectomy ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Child and adolescent psychiatrists should check the symptoms of chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy to identify children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy who suffer from sleep disturbance, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, and oppositionality. Adenotonsillectomy seems to be beneficial for coexisting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disorder symptoms and quality of life in these children.
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Kentrou, Vasiliki, Danielle MJ de Veld, Kawita JK Mataw, and Sander Begeer. "Delayed autism spectrum disorder recognition in children and adolescents previously diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Autism 23, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318785171.
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Phenotypic elements of autism spectrum disorder can be masked by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, potentially leading to a misdiagnosis or delaying an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. This study explored differences in the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis between participants with previously diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder versus autism spectrum disorder–only respondents. Children and adolescents, but not adults, initially diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder received an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis an average of 1.8 years later than autism spectrum disorder–only children, although the findings regarding the adult sample should be interpreted with caution. Gender differences were also explored, revealing that the delay in receiving an autism diagnosis was 1.5 years in boys and 2.6 years in girls with pre-existing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, compared with boys and girls without prior attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. No significant gender differences were observed in the adult sample. We argue that overlapping symptoms between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder might delay a formal diagnosis of autism either by leading to a misdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or by making it difficult to identify the presence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder conditions once an initial diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been obtained. Current findings highlight the need to recruit multidimensional and multidisciplinary screening procedures to assess for potential emerging autism spectrum disorder hallmarks in children and adolescents diagnosed or presenting with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
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Irwin, Lauren N., Nicole B. Groves, Elia F. Soto, and Michael J. Kofler. "Is There a Functional Relation Between Set Shifting and Hyperactivity in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 10 (May 27, 2020): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617720000545.
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AbstractObjective:Replicated evidence indicates that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show disproportionate increases in hyperactivity/physical movement when their underdeveloped executive functions are taxed. However, our understanding of hyperactivity’s relation with set shifting is limited, which is surprising given set shifting’s importance as the third core executive function alongside working memory and inhibition. The aim of this study was to experimentally examine the effect of imposing set shifting and inhibition demands on objectively measured activity level in children with and without ADHD.Method:The current study used a validated experimental manipulation to differentially evoke set shifting, inhibition, and general cognitive demands in a carefully phenotyped sample of children aged 8–13 years with ADHD (n = 43) and without ADHD (n = 34). Activity level was sampled during each task using multiple, high-precision actigraphs; total hyperactivity scores (THS) were calculated.Results:Results of the 2 × 5 Bayesian ANOVA for hyperactivity revealed strong support for a main effect of task (BF10 = 1.79 × 1018, p < .001, ω2 = .20), such that children upregulated their physical movement in response to general cognitive demands and set shifting demands specifically, but not in response to increased inhibition demands. Importantly, however, this manipulation did not disproportionally increase hyperactivity in ADHD as demonstrated by significant evidence against the task × group interaction (BF01 = 18.21, p = .48, ω2 = .002).Conclusions:Inhibition demands do not cause children to upregulate their physical activity. Set shifting produces reliable increases in children’s physical movement/hyperactivity over and above the effects of general cognitive demands but cannot specifically explain hyperactivity in children with ADHD.
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Lange, Shannon, Jürgen Rehm, Evdokia Anagnostou, and Svetlana Popova. "Prevalence of externalizing disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 96, no. 2 (April 2018): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2017-0014.
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Owing to their central nervous system impairments, children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) commonly exhibit externalizing behaviours such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and (or) delinquency. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders with prominent externalizing behaviours, namely Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as well as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among children with FASD. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed, followed by disorder-specific random-effects meta-analyses. Of the disorders investigated, ADHD was found to be the most common co-morbid disorder among children with FASD (52.9%), followed by ODD (12.9%), CD (7.0%), and ASD (2.6%). When compared with the general population of the USA, these rates are notably higher: 15 times higher for ADHD, 2 times higher for ASD, 3 times higher for CD, and 5 times higher for ODD. The results call attention to the need for identifying a distinct neurodevelopmental profile to aid in the accurate identification of children with FASD and the discrimination of FASD from certain idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Araz Altay, Mengühan, Işık Görker, Begüm Demirci Şipka, Leyla Bozatlı, and Tuğçe Ataş. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Psychiatric Comorbidities." Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2020090104.
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Aim: This study aims to obtain current information on the clinical features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases, comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychiatric drug use. Methods: All patients between the ages of 6 and 18 years who were admitted to our outpatient clinic and diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were included in the study. The files of the patients were examined and their demographic characteristics, symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses and drug profiles were recorded. The pattern of the psychiatric disorders accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases and the differences according to age and gender were analyzed. The differences were determined in patients with psychiatric comorbidity compared to those without. Result: The mean age of the 777 patients included in the study was 11.1±2.94 and 76.6% were boys. 60.9% of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients had comorbid psychiatric disorders. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were specific learning disability (23.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (12.9%) and conduct disorder (12.1%). There was no difference between the genders in terms of the incidence of psychiatric comorbidities. The rate of psychiatric comorbidity was significantly higher in adolescents than in children. A psychotropic medication was used in 86.4% of the cases and psychotropic polypharmacy was present in 31.5%. The rate of polypharmacy was significantly higher in the group with psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is frequently accompanied by other psychiatric disorders and the psychiatric comorbidity leads to a more complicated clinical profile. Approximately one-third of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients have psychiatric polypharmacy and these patients should be carefully monitored. Primary care physicians who are frequently confronted with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases should be careful about psychiatric comorbidities. Keywords: Child psychiatry, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mental disorders, Family practice
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Holst, Line M., Jonas B. Kronborg, Jens R. M. Jepsen, Jette Ø. Christensen, Niels G. Vejlstrup, Klaus Juul, Jesper V. Bjerre, Niels Bilenberg, and Hanne B. Ravn. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with surgically corrected Ventricular Septal Defect, Transposition of the Great Arteries, and Tetralogy of Fallot." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119003184.
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AbstractBackground:Children with complex CHD are at risk for psychopathology such as severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms after congenital heart surgery.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate if children with Ventricular Septal Defect, Transposition of Great Arteries, or Tetralogy of Fallot have an increased occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms compared with the background population and to investigate differences between the three CHDs in terms of occurrence and appearance of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.Method:A national register-based survey was conducted, including children aged 10–16 years with surgically corrected CHDs without genetic abnormalities and syndromes. The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale questionnaires were filled in by parents and school teachers.Results:In total, 159 out of 283 questionnaires were completed among children with CHDs and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Children with CHDs had significantly increased inattention scores (p = 0.009) and total attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder scores (p = 0.008) compared with controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that children with Tetralogy of Fallot had significantly higher inattention scores compared with children both with Ventricular Septal Defect (p = 0.043) and controls (p = 0.004).Conclusion:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and inattention symptoms were significantly more frequent among children aged 10–16 years with CHDs, in particular in children with corrected Tetralogy of Fallot.
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Kaplan, Bonnie J., Jane McNicol, Richard A. Conte, and H. K. Moghadam. "Sleep Disturbance in Preschool-Aged Hyperactive and Nonhyperactive Children." Pediatrics 80, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.80.6.839.
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In spite of inadequate laboratory demonstrations of sleep problems in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, the belief persists that such problems exist. Sleep restlessness is, in fact, one of the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3, definition of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and sleep problems are listed on two major checklists often used for describing the symptoms of this disorder. In a series of three studies, sleep problems were investigated in preschool-aged children with attention deficit disorder relative to control children without the disorder. Results of the first two studies demonstrated clearly that parents of hyperactive children considered their children to have many more sleep problems than did parents of the control children. Parental daily documentation, which is less likely to be affected by reporting bias, was used in the third study. Although the results of the third study supported the finding of increased frequency of night wakings in these children, there was no difference in total sleep time or sleep onset latency between the two groups. Two other significant group differences (enuresis and night sweats) were primarily due to subgroups of children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. The greater number of sleep wakings, which disrupt parents' sleep, may be responsible for the clinical reports that these children are poor sleepers.
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Reiff, Michael I., Gerard A. Banez, and Timothy P. Culbert. "Children Who Have Attentional Disorders: Diagnosis and Evaluation." Pediatrics In Review 14, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.12.455.
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Attentional disorders (ADs) are among the most common chronic biobehavioral problems encountered during childhood and adolescence. Children who have attention problems represent a very diverse, heterogeneous population who exhibit a broad spectrum of symptom severity and a wide range of associated diagnoses. ADs are approximately six times more frequent in boys than in girls. Symptoms persist into adulthood in 40% to 60% of individuals who were hyperactive as children. The prevalence of these disorders is estimated at 3% to 5% of the school-age population. In spite of this, ADs remain some of the least understood and most commonly reconceptualized constructs in pediatric practice. Labels for these problems have included minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), hyperkinesis, hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH), and presently, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this review, AD often will be used as a generic term for these entities. Clinically, children who have AD exhibit core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity that are inappropriate for their developmental level and interfere with their optimal functioning. Difficulty with adhering to rules and instructions and excessive day-to-day variability in performing tasks or following directions also are thought by some investigators to be primary deficits in these disorders.
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Goulardins, Juliana B., Juliana C. B. Marques, and Jorge A. De Oliveira. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Motor Impairment." Perceptual and Motor Skills 124, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512517690607.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder during childhood, affecting approximately 3–6% of school-aged children; its cardinal symptoms of high activity, impulsivity, and behavioral distractibility might be assumed to have close relationships to interferences with motor skills. A separate body of literature attests to ways that motor problems can severely impact children’s daily lives, as motor problems may occur in 30–50% of children with ADHD. This article critically reviews research on motor impairment in children with ADHD, notable differences in motor performance of individuals with ADHD compared with age-matched controls, and possible neural underpinnings of this impairment. We discuss the highly prevalent link between ADHD and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and the lack of a clear research consensus about motor difficulties in ADHD. Despite increasing evidence and diagnostic classifications that define DCD by motor impairment, the role of ADHD symptoms in DCD has not been delineated. Similarly, while ADHD may predispose children to motor problems, it is unclear whether any such motor difficulties observed in this population are inherent to ADHD or are mediated by comorbid DCD. Future research should address the exact nature and long-term consequences of motor impairment in children with ADHD and elucidate effective treatment strategies for these disorders together and apart.
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Sistino, Joseph J., Andrew M. Atz, Kit N. Simpson, Charles Ellis, John S. Ikonomidis, and Scott M. Bradley. "The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder following neonatal aortic arch repair." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 4 (April 28, 2014): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114000547.
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AbstractObjective: We sought to determine the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a population of children who underwent neonatal heart surgery involving repair of the aortic arch for Norwood Stage I, interrupted aortic arch, and combined repair of aortic coarctation with ventricular septal defect. Methods: Children between the ages of 5 and 16 were surveyed using the ADHD-IV and the Child Heath Questionnaire-50. Classification as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was defined for this study as either a parent-reported diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD-IV inattention score of ⩾93 percentile. Results: Of the 134 surveys, 57 (43%) were returned completed. A total of 25 (44%) children either had a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or ADHD-IV inattention score ⩾93 percentile. Eleven of the 13 (85%) children with interrupted aortic arch, 3 of the 7 (42.9%) children with combined coarctation/ventricular septal defect repair, and 9 of the 33 (27.3%) children with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome were classified as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Only 7 of the 25 (28%) children received medical treatment for this condition. Quality of life indicators in the Child Heath Questionnaire-50 Questionnaire were highly correlated with the ADHD-IV scores. Conclusion: The risks for the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are multifactorial but are significantly increased in this post-surgical population. This study revealed a low treatment rate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and a significant impact on the quality of life in these children.
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Taylor, E., B. S. Everitt, M. L. Ruttermd, G. Thorley, R. Schachar, and M. Wieselberg. "Conduct Disorder and Hyperactivity: I." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 6 (December 1986): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.6.760.
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The distinction between hyperactivity and conduct disorder was explored in a mixed group of 64 children referred to psychiatric clinics because of antisocial or disruptive behaviour. A semi-structured interview measure (the Parental Account of Children's Symptoms, PACS) proved to have adequate inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and factorial validity. The PACS scales of defiance and hyperactivity, and similar subscales from Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, were tested against laboratory and clinical measures of activity, attention, cognitive performance, psychosocial background and family relationships. The hyperactivity (but not the defiance) scales were associated with greater activity, younger age, poorer cognitive performance and abnormalities on a developmental neurological examination. The defiance (but not the hyperactivity) scales were associated with Impairment of family relationships and adverse social factors. It was concluded that a dimension of Inattentive, restless activity should be separated from one of antisocial, defiant conduct In children with psychiatric disorder.
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et al., Al-Owidha. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relation to aggressive behavior among primary school students of both genders in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 2 (February 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.02.010.
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The current study aimed to examine the correlation type between attention deficit hyperactivity disorders among primary school students of both genders in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also sought to make comparisons between the male and female primary school students regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggressive behavior. Further, the present study examined ADHD in children and its relationship to a number of other potentially related variables. The sample of the study consisted of 200 primary school students of both genders whose ages ranged between 9 to 13 years. To achieve the objectives of the study, it relied on the descriptive (correlative/comparative) method, especially the Pearson correlation coefficient and the T-test. The findings of the study show that there were more male children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and aggressive behavior than female students. The results of the study confirm the results of other studies. The study recommends that there is a need for early detection of children with developmental and emotional disorders (like children with ADHD). The results of the present study are also consistent with the findings of previous studies that indicated that attention disorder associated with hyperactivity is positively associated with aggressive behavior in children of both sexes. It also proposes to prepare and arrange guidance programs for them and their parents and strive towards achieving optimal treatment of such children in the school environment.
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Zalsman, Gil, Orat Pumeranz, Gabriel Peretz, David H. Ben-Dor, Sharon Dekel, Neta Horesh, Tsvi Fischel, et al. "Attention Patterns in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 1093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.94.
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The objective of this study was to differentiate the attention patterns associated with attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity using continuous performance test (CPT). The diagnoses were based on the DSM-III, III-R, and IV criteria and of the 39 children who participated in the study, 14 had attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) and 11 had attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADDWO), while 14 normal children served as a control group. Attention patterns were examined according to the performance of subjects on the CPT and parental scores on the ADHD Rating Scale, the Child Attention Profile, and the Conners Rating Scale. CPT performances were assessed before and after administration of 10 mg methylphenidate. We found as hypothesized that the CPT differentiated between the ADDH and ADDWO groups. However, contrary to our expectations, the ADDH children made more omission errors than the ADDWO children; they also showed more hyperactivity and impulsivity. The performance of both groups improved to an equal degree after the administration of methylphenidate. It is conluded that different subtypes of the attention deficit disorders are characterized by different attention profiles and that methylphenidate improves scores on test of continuous performance.
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Kuizenga-Wessel, Sophie, Ilan J. N. Koppen, Mana H. Vriesman, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Marieke van Dijk, Maureen L. R. Beelen, Michael Groeneweg, Reino J. Stoffelsen, and Marc A. Benninga. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Functional Defecation Disorders in Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 66, no. 2 (February 2018): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001695.
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Huang, Yu-Shu, Ning-Hung Chen, Hsueh-Yu Li, Yu-Yu Wu, Chia-Chen Chao, and Christian Guilleminault. "Sleep disorders in Taiwanese children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Journal of Sleep Research 13, no. 3 (September 2004): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2004.00408.x.
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Paszynska, Elzbieta, Anna Krahel, Malgorzata Pawinska, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Aleksandra Perczak, Agnieszka Słopień, and Maria Gawriolek. "Management for Caries Prevention in ADHD Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 7455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127455.
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Emotional Dysregulations (ED) represent a major health risk present in about 5% of children and are associated with diverse forms of childhood psychiatric disorders and symptoms such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [...]
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Wong, Patsy PS, Veronica CM Wai, Raymond WS Chan, Cecilia NW Leung, and Patrick WL Leung. "Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Child and Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Adolescent in Chinese population: Screening autism spectrum disorder against attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing peers." Autism 25, no. 7 (April 12, 2021): 1913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211003740.
Full textAbstract:
The Hong Kong Chinese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Child and Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Adolescent were examined for their psychometric properties and specificity on screening autism spectrum disorder against attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This study recruited three groups of participants: typically developing children; children with autism spectrum disorder and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Both the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaires demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, test–retest reliability and area under receiver operating characteristics curve in discriminating the autism spectrum disorder group from the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing groups, separately and jointly. The optimal cutoff scores for both the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaires were identified to be 76, with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, for differentiating the autism spectrum disorder group from the typically developing group and from the typically developing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder groups combined. On the contrary, both Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaires could not effectively differentiate the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group from the typically developing group, or in other words, they did not misclassify attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as autism spectrum disorder because of their phenotypic overlap in social difficulties. These findings supported that both the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaires were not general measures of child and adolescent psychopathology, but could claim to be more specific measures of autism spectrum disorder, given their success in identifying the autism spectrum disorder group from the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder/typically developing groups, while failing to differentiate the latter two groups. Lay abstract The Autism-Spectrum Quotient is a 50-item questionnaire developed to assess autistic symptoms in adults, adolescents and children. Its original version and others in different countries are known to be effective tools in identifying individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This study examined whether the Hong Kong Chinese versions of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Child and Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Adolescent were effective in identifying autism spectrum disorder children and adolescents. On top of comparing them with their typically developing peers, this study also included a group of children/adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, a disorder with similar social difficulties as autism spectrum disorder. Results showed that both the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaires were effective in differentiating the autism spectrum disorder group from the typically developing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder groups, separately and jointly. On the contrary, they could not identify the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group from the typically developing group so that they were not misclassifying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as autism spectrum disorder. These findings supported that both the Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Child and Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Adolescent were not general measures of child and adolescent psychopathology, but could claim to be specific measures of autism spectrum disorder. Such capability would enormously enhance their utility in clinical practice for identifying autism spectrum disorder children/adolescents from their typically developing peers and from those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is because, the latter is a common neurodevelopmental disorder frequently presented to child psychiatric clinics alongside with autism spectrum disorder.