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Journal articles on the topic 'Hyper duplex stainless steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Francis, Roger, and Glenn Byrne. "Duplex Stainless Steels—Alloys for the 21st Century." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050836.

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Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the introduction in the 1970s of the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) steel making process and the addition of nitrogen to these steels, that made the alloys stronger, more weldable and more corrosion resistant. Today, duplex stainless steels can be categorised into four main groups, i.e., “lean”, “standard”, “super”, and “hyper” duplex types. These groups cover a range of compositions and properties, but they all have in common a microstructure consisting of roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferrite, high strength, good toughness and good corrosion resistance, especially to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) compared with similar austenitic stainless steels. Moreover, the development of a duplex stainless-steel microstructure requires lower levels of nickel in the composition than for a corresponding austenitic stainless steel with comparable pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, hence they cost less. This makes duplex stainless steels a very versatile and attractive group of alloys both commercially and technically. There are applications where duplex grades can be used as lower cost through-life options, in preference to coated carbon steels, a range of other stainless steels, and in some cases nickel alloys. This cost benefit is further emphasised if the design engineer can use the higher strength of duplex grades to construct vessels and pipework of lower wall thickness than would be the case if an austenitic grade or nickel alloy was being used. Hence, we find duplex stainless steels are widely used in many industries. In this paper their use in three industrial applications is reviewed, namely marine, heat exchangers, and the chemical and process industries. The corrosion resistance in the relevant fluids is discussed and some case histories highlight both successes and potential problems with duplex alloys in these industries. The paper shows how duplex stainless steels can provide cost-effective solutions in corrosive environments, and why they will be a standard corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) for many industries through the 21st century.

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2

Xiang, Hong-liang, Yu-rui Hu, Hua-tang Cao, Dong Liu, and Xuan-pu Dong. "Erosion–corrosion behavior of SAF3207 hyper-duplex stainless steel." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 26, no. 11 (November 2019): 1415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1825-6.

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3

Kim, Dong-Hyun, No-Hoon Kim, and Hae-Woo Lee. "Corrosion and cracking characteristics upon aging of hyper duplex stainless steel weld." Materials Science and Technology 36, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2020.1743575.

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4

Zhang, Binbin, Huabing Li, Shucai Zhang, Zhouhua Jiang, Yue Lin, Hao Feng, and Hongchun Zhu. "Effect of nitrogen on precipitation behavior of hyper duplex stainless steel S32707." Materials Characterization 175 (May 2021): 111096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111096.

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5

Kangas, Pasi, and Guo Cai Chai. "Use of Advanced Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels for Applications in Oil & Gas and Process Industry." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 645–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.645.

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Stainless steels are widely used in the Oil & Gas and chemical process industry. This group of materials is today available in a large variety of alloy compositions, and practically all product forms needed for a construction are available. A historical view and application examples are given on the stainless steel evolution, from the standard grades used in chemical processes to todays most advanced applications in the chemical and oil & gas industry, where demands on reliable and long lasting solutions are necessary. The influence of alloying elements on the properties and manufacturability is described. The chemical industry is a very wide definition of a large group of industries with very different products, from plastics and organic acids to fertilizers, drugs and pesticides. Applications of stainless steels within the chemical industry are described. The first example is organic acids, where the use of high alloyed duplex stainless steels such as UNS S32205 and UNS S32750 have been successful. Another example is phosphoric acid applications, where the aggressiveness of the process solution depends very much on the fluoride and chloride content of the rock phosphate. In sulfuric acid, the material of construction is very much dependent on the acid concentration and temperature. Nitric acid is another common fertilizer acid which is highly oxidizing, and thereby demands stainless steels with high chromium content but with low molybdenum contents. The Oil & Gas industry uses very high quantities of carbon steel and stainless steel in their constructions. The oil wells are defined as sweet when the well contains carbon dioxide and no substantial amounts of hydrogen sulfide, when there is hydrogen sulfide present in the well, the wells are defined as sour. An overview on materials depending on the application is given. In subsea applications, hydraulic control lines (umbilicals) are used for control of valves and for methanol injection in subsea platforms. UNS S32750 is a high strength duplex stainless steel which today is the first choice for umbilicals and has been chosen for a very large amount of umbilical projects worldwide. The newly developed hyper duplex stainless steels with a combination of even higher corrosion resistance and strength are introduced for applications in oil-gas industry. The possibilities with stainless steels are endless, and new alloys are constantly being developed to meet industrial challenges of today and in the future. By choosing the right stainless steel grade, it is possible to find a solution to almost all challenges in the Oil & Gas and Process industry.

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6

Jacob, Aurélie, and Erwin Povoden-Karadeniz. "Predictive computations of intermetallic σ phase evolution in duplex steel. II) Thermo-kinetic simulation in duplex and hyper duplex stainless steels." Calphad 71 (December 2020): 101810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2020.101810.

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7

Chail, Guocai, and Pasi Kangas. "Super and hyper duplex stainless steels: structures, properties and applications." Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016): 1755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.221.

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8

Li, Huabing, Weichao Jiao, Hao Feng, Xinxu Li, Zhouhua Jiang, Guoping Li, Lixin Wang, Guangwei Fan, and Peide Han. "Deformation Characteristic and Constitutive Modeling of 2707 Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel under Hot Compression." Metals 6, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met6090223.

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9

Zhang, Shucai, Zhouhua Jiang, Huabing Li, Binbin Zhang, Pengfei Chang, Jingxi Wu, Hao Feng, and Hongchun Zhu. "Catastrophic oxidation mechanism of hyper duplex stainless steel S32707 at high temperature in air." Materials Characterization 145 (November 2018): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.08.041.

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10

NithinRaj, P., Nithin Sivadas, K. Sekar, and M. A. Joseph. "Experimental investigation on dry sliding wear resistance of recently developed hyper-duplex stainless steel." Materials Today: Proceedings 22 (2020): 2172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.292.

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11

Raha, Barundeb. "Study on Properties of Hyper-duplex Stainless Steel 7A of ASTM A-890 (CD3MWN)." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 73, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-019-01811-z.

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12

Chen, Yu Lai, Hong He, and Fei Fang. "Microstructure Evolution in Isothermal Heat Treatment of 0Cr32Ni7Mo4NDuplex Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.314.

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The microstructure evolution of as-cast 0Cr32Ni7Mo4N hyper duplex stainless steel during the isothermal heat treatment in the temperature range of 800°C-1300°Cwas studied in the present investigation. The morphologies and precipitates were observed and determined by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that eutectoid decomposition reaction (δ→σ+γ2) take place in ferrite (δ) phase during isothermal heat treatment in the temperature range of 800°C-1000°C. Sigma (σ) phase and secondary austenite (γ2) phase coexist as cellular structure. Lamellar Cr2N precipitates in δ phase mostly when isothermal heat treatment at 800°Cand 850°C, while it only appears in γ phase between 900°C and 1050°C. As the annealing temperature rising, the quantity of σ phase, Cr2N and γ2 phase decreases. The volume fraction ratio of ferrite and austenite is stable between 1100°C and 1300°C, and γ → δ transformation is hard to occur.

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13

Zhang, Binbin, Zhouhua Jiang, Huabing Li, Shucai Zhang, Hao Feng, and Heng Li. "Precipitation behavior and phase transformation of hyper duplex stainless steel UNS S32707 at nose temperature." Materials Characterization 129 (July 2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.04.018.

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14

Kumar, Sanjeev, Sabine Krisam, Aurélie Jacob, Franz Kiraly, Andreas Keplinger, Rainer Abart, and Erwin Povoden-Karadeniz. "Microstructures and element distributions in an aged hyper duplex stainless steel and corresponding hardness variation." Materials & Design 194 (September 2020): 108951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108951.

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15

张, 彬彬. "Research on the Passivation Behavior of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel S32707 in Acidified Seawater Solution." Metallurgical Engineering 05, no. 02 (2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/meng.2018.52007.

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16

Rajkumar, M., S. P. Kumaresh Babu, and T. Aravind Nagaraj. "Intergranular corrosion characteristics of niobium stabilized 27Cr-7Ni-Mo-W-N cast hyper duplex stainless steel." Materials Today: Proceedings 27 (2020): 2551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.10.134.

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17

Sun, Li, Yangting Sun, Yuanyuan Liu, Nianwei Dai, Jin Li, and Yiming Jiang. "Effect of annealing temperature on pitting behavior and microstructure evolution of hyper‐duplex stainless steel 2707." Materials and Corrosion 70, no. 9 (March 26, 2019): 1682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201910801.

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18

Kim, No-hoon, Woong Gil, Heui-dae Lim, Chang-hyeon Choi, and Hae-woo Lee. "Variation of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Properties with Mo Contents of Hyper Duplex Stainless-Steel Welds." Metals and Materials International 25, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-018-0166-8.

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19

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Geun-Dong Song, Do Haeng Hur, and Yong-Soo Park. "Passivation Behavior of Ce-Containing Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels in Sulfuric Acid Solution." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 56, no. 8 (2015): 1287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2015145.

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20

Göransson, K., M. L. Nyman, M. Holmquist, and E. Gomes. "Sandvik SAF 2707 HD®(UNS S32707): a hyper-duplex stainless steel for severe chloride containing environments." Revue de Métallurgie 104, no. 9 (September 2007): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2007207.

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21

Raj P, Nithin, Sekar K, and M. A. Joseph. "Effect of temperature on microstructure evolution and localized corrosion resistance of high tungsten hyper duplex stainless steel." Materials Research Express 6, no. 11 (October 11, 2019): 116557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab4959.

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22

M, Rajkumar, S. P. Kumaresh Babu, and Aravind Nagaraj T. "Tribology study on 27Cr-7Ni-Mo-W-N cast hyper duplex stainless steel (7A) at room temperature." Materials Research Express 6, no. 7 (April 12, 2019): 076545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab15a0.

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23

张, 彬彬. "Research on the Effect of Ni Content on Microstructure and Properties of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel S32707." Metallurgical Engineering 05, no. 02 (2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/meng.2018.52006.

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24

Nithin Raj, P., Anandu P. Sivan, K. Sekar, and M. A. Joseph. "Effect of Austenite Reformation on Localized Corrosion Resistance of Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel in Hot Chloride Solution." International Journal of Metalcasting 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2019): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-019-00348-7.

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25

Keplinger, Andreas, Carlos Martinez, Manfred Hausbauer, and Marianne Kapp. "Early Stages of Deleterious Phases in Super and Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel and Their Effect on Toughness." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 165, no. 1 (January 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00501-019-00936-4.

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26

Raj, P. Nithin, P. K. Navaneethkrishnan, K. Sekar, and M. A. Joseph. "Comparative study of mechanical, corrosion and erosion—corrosion properties of cast hyper-duplex and super-duplex stainless steels." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 27, no. 7 (July 2020): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-1984-5.

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27

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Hye-Jin Kim, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effects of inclusions on the precipitation of chi phases and intergranular corrosion resistance of hyper duplex stainless steel." Corrosion Science 87 (October 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.06.019.

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28

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Hye-Jin Kim, Kyeong-Ho Kong, and Yong-Soo Park. "Influence of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Pitting Corrosion Behavior of the 27Cr-7Ni Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel." Corrosion Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14773/cst.2014.13.2.48.

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29

Shang, Feng, Xiaoqiu Chen, Zhiyong Wang, Zuchun Ji, Fei Ming, Shubin Ren, and Xuanhui Qu. "The Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of UNS S32707 Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel Processed by Selective Laser Melting." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9091012.

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UNS S32707 hyper-duplex stainless steel (HDSS) parts with complex shapes for ocean engineering were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) process. In the process of SLM, the balance between austenite and ferrite was undermined due to the high melting temperature and rapid cooling rate, resulting in poor ductility and toughness. The solution annealing was carried out with various temperatures (1050–1200 °C) for one hour at a time. The evolution of microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of UNS S32707 samples prepared by SLM was comprehensively investigated. The results indicate that a decrease in nitrogen content during the SLM process reduced the content of austenite, and a nearly balanced microstructure was obtained after appropriate solution annealing. The ratio between ferrite and austenite was approximately 59.5:40.5. The samples with solution treated at 1150 °C and 1100 °C exhibited better comprehensive mechanical properties and pitting resistance, respectively.

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30

Jang, Seok-Hwan, Soon-Tae Kim, In-Sung Lee, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effect of Shielding Gas Composition on Phase Transformation and Mechanism of Pitting Corrosion of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel Welds." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 52, no. 6 (2011): 1228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2010414.

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31

Choi, Min-Seok, Soon-Tae Kim, Soon-Hyeok Jeon, Yong-Soo Park, Kwang-Tae Kim, Ji-Soo Kim, Ki-won Park, and Chang-Man Kim. "Effect of Pickling Treatment on the Pitting Corrosion of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel in a Highly Concentrated Chloride Solution." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 54, no. 9 (2013): 1779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2013093.

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32

Wang, Jian, Wan-li Chen, Hao-jie Meng, Yi-shi Cui, Cai-li Zhang, and Pei-de Han. "Influence of sigma phase on corrosion and mechanical properties of 2707 hyper-duplex stainless steel aged for short periods." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 26, no. 5 (November 7, 2018): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-018-0175-3.

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33

Li, Jianchun, Xinglong Liu, Guoping Li, Peide Han, and Wei Liang. "Characterization of the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of a Friction-Stir-Welded Joint of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel." Metals 7, no. 4 (April 13, 2017): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met7040138.

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34

Shang, Feng, Zhiyong Wang, Xiaoqiu Chen, Zuchun Ji, Shubin Ren, and Xuanhui Qu. "UNS S32707 hyper-duplex stainless steel processed by powder injection molding and supersolidus liquid-phase sintering in nitrogen sintering atmosphere." Vacuum 184 (February 2021): 109910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109910.

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35

Rajkumar, M., S. P. Kumaresh Babu, A. Vallimanalan, and R. Mahendran. "Room-Temperature Erosion Behaviour of Nb-Stabilized 27Cr–7Ni–Mo–W–N Cast Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steel (Nb + CD3MWN - 7A)." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 100, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40033-018-0171-6.

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36

A Hosseini, Vahid, Mattias Thuvander, Kristina Lindgren, James Oliver, Nicklas Folkeson, Daniel Gonzalez, and Leif Karlsson. "Fe and Cr phase separation in super and hyper duplex stainless steel plates and welds after very short aging times." Materials & Design 210 (November 2021): 110055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110055.

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37

Sun, Li, Yangting Sun, Chenxi Lv, Yuanyuan Liu, Nianwei Dai, Yiming Jiang, Jin Li, and Digby D. Macdonald. "Studies on the degree of sensitization of hyper-duplex stainless steel 2707 at 900℃ using a modified DL-EPR test." Corrosion Science 185 (June 2021): 109432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109432.

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38

Lee, Jun-Seob, Soon-Tae Kim, In-Sung Lee, Gwang-Tae Kim, Ji-Soo Kim, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effect of Copper Addition on the Active Corrosion Behavior of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels in Sulfuric Acid." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 53, no. 6 (2012): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2012008.

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39

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Do Haeng Hur, Hye-Jin Kim, and Yong-Soo Park. "Influence of Oxygen Content on the Inclusion Formation and Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 55, no. 12 (2014): 1872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2014164.

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40

Kim, Jin-Seung, Soon-Tae Kim, In-Sung Lee, Seok-Hwan Jang, Yong-Soo Park, Kwang-Tae Kim, and Young-Sub Kim. "Mechanism of Localized Corrosion and Phase Transformation of Tube-to-Tube Sheet Welds of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel in Acidified Chloride Environments." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 53, no. 12 (2012): 2166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2012243.

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41

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Soon-Tae Kim, Se-Young Kim, Min-Seok Choi, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effects of Solution-Annealing Temperature on the Precipitation of Secondary Phases and the Associated Pitting Corrosion Resistance in Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 54, no. 8 (2013): 1473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2012402.

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42

Kim, Soon-Tae, Seok-Hwan Jang, In-Sung Lee, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effects of solution heat-treatment and nitrogen in shielding gas on the resistance to pitting corrosion of hyper duplex stainless steel welds." Corrosion Science 53, no. 5 (May 2011): 1939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.02.013.

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43

Kim, Hye-Jin, Soon-Hyeok Jeon, Soon-Tae Kim, In-Sung Lee, Yong-Soo Park, Kwang-Tae Kim, and Young-Sub Kim. "Investigation of the sensitization and intergranular corrosion of tube-to-tubesheet welds of hyper duplex stainless steel using an electrochemical reactivation method." Corrosion Science 87 (October 2014): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.06.005.

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44

Chen, Wanli, Jian Wang, Jianchun Li, Yanxin Zheng, Huabing Li, Ying Liu, and Peide Han. "Effect of the Rotation Speed during Friction Stir Welding on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of SAF 2707 Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel." steel research international 89, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 1700425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201700425.

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45

Kim, Sun Mi, Ji Soo Kim, Kwang Tae Kim, Kyung-Tae Park, Yong Soo Park, and Chong Soo Lee. "Effect of Si and Ce Addition on the Microstructure and Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Hyper-Duplex Stainless Steels." CORROSION 71, no. 4 (April 2015): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1380.

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46

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Soon-Tae Kim, In-Sung Lee, Ji-Soo Kim, Kwang-Tae Kim, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effects of Cu on the precipitation of intermetallic compounds and the intergranular corrosion of hyper duplex stainless steels." Corrosion Science 66 (January 2013): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.09.023.

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47

Kim, Sun Mi, Ji Soo Kim, Kwang Tae Kim, Kyung-Tae Park, and Chong Soo Lee. "Effect of Ce addition on secondary phase transformation and mechanical properties of 27Cr–7Ni hyper duplex stainless steels." Materials Science and Engineering: A 573 (June 2013): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.044.

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48

Kim, Soon-Tae, In-Sung Lee, Jin-Seung Kim, Seok-Hwan Jang, Yong-Soo Park, Kwang-Tae Kim, and Young-Sub Kim. "Investigation of the localized corrosion associated with phase transformation of tube-to-tube sheet welds of hyper duplex stainless steel in acidified chloride environments." Corrosion Science 64 (November 2012): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.07.014.

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49

Kim, Hye-Jin, Soon-Hyeok Jeon, Soon-Tae Kim, and Yong-Soo Park. "Influence of the shielding gas composition on the passive film and erosion corrosion of tube-to-tube sheet welds of hyper duplex stainless steel." Corrosion Science 91 (February 2015): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.11.014.

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50

Kong, Kyeong-Ho, Soon-Hyeok Jeon, Soon-Tae Kim, Do-Hyang Kim, Byoung-Jin Kim, Hwan-Uk Guim, Moon-Byung Moon, and Yong-Soo Park. "Effects of Cu Addition on the Microstructure and Localized Corrosion Resistance of Hyper Duplex Stainless Steels Aged at 748 K." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 56, no. 5 (2015): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2015022.

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