Journal articles on the topic 'Hyper-choice'
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Askari, Gholamreza, and Madjid Eshaghi Gordji. "Decision Making: Rational Choice or Hyper-Rational Choice." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 8, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-638.
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In this paper, we provide an interpretation of the rationality in game theory in which player consider the profit or loss of the opponent in addition to personal profit at the game. The goal of a game analysis with two hyper-rationality players is to provide insight into real-world situations that are often more complex than a game with two rational players where the choices of strategy are only based on individual preferences. The hyper-rationality does not mean perfect rationality but an insight toward how human decision-makers behave in interactive decisions. The findings of this research can help to enlarge our understanding of the psychological aspects of strategy choices in games and also provide an analysis of the decision-making process with cognitive economics approach at the same time.
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Graham, Timothy. "Platforms and hyper-choice on the World Wide Web." Big Data & Society 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 205395171876587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951718765878.
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Choice is a sine qua non of contemporary life. From childhood until death, we are faced with an unending series of choices through which we cultivate a sense of self, govern conduct, and shape the future. Nowadays, individuals increasingly experience and enact consumer choice online through web-based platforms such as Yelp.com , TripAdvisor.com and Amazon.com . These platforms not only provide a sprawling array of goods and services to choose from, but also reviews, ratings and ranking devices and systems of classification to navigate this landscape of choice. This paper suggests a radical reconsideration of platform architectures and design features to consider how they reconfigure and respecify choice, ‘choosers’, and choice-making practices. Platforms are not simply cameras that present choice and enable comparisons between different options, but are more akin to engines that govern, drive and expand choice, configuring users within particular discourses, practices and subjectivities. In making sense of the entangled trajectories of consumer choice, platform architectures and Big Data, I suggest that ‘hyper-choice’ emerges as a condition of the contemporary platform-driven web. I examine hyper-choice not only in terms of the relationship between platforms and a growing abundance of choice, but more importantly how platforms reconfigure choice in ways that go beyond and fundamentally challenge existing understandings of what choice is, who and what is involved in producing knowledge about choice, and what it means to be a ‘chooser’.
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Mellouli, O., I. Hafidi, and A. Metrane. "A modified choice function hyper-heuristic with Boltzmann function." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 8, no. 4 (2021): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2021.04.736.
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Hyper-heuristics are a subclass of high-level research methods that function in a low-level heuristic research space. Their aim objective is to improve the level of generality for solving combinatorial optimization problems using two main components: a methodology for the heuristic selection and a move acceptance criterion, to ensure intensification and diversification [1]. Thus, rather than working directly on the problem's solutions and selecting one of them to proceed to the next step at each stage, hyper-heuristics operates on a low-level heuristic research space. The choice function is one of the hyper-heuristics that have proven their efficiency in solving combinatorial optimization problems [2–4]. At each iteration, the selection of heuristics is dependent on a score calculated by combining three different measures to guarantee both intensification and diversification for the heuristics choice process. The heuristic with the highest score is therefore chosen to be applied to the problem. Therefore, the key to the success of the choice function is to choose the correct weight parameters of its three measures. In this study, we make a state of the art in hyper-heuristic research and propose a new method that automatically controls these weight parameters based on the Boltzmann function. The results obtained from its application on five problem domains are compared with those of the standard, modified choice function proposed by Drake et al. [2,3].
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Maashi, Mashael, Ender Özcan, and Graham Kendall. "A multi-objective hyper-heuristic based on choice function." Expert Systems with Applications 41, no. 9 (July 2014): 4475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.12.050.
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Danilov, V., G. Koshevoy, and E. Savaglio. "Hyper-relations, choice functions, and orderings of opportunity sets." Social Choice and Welfare 45, no. 1 (November 13, 2014): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-014-0844-5.
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Maashi, Mashael, Graham Kendall, and Ender Özcan. "Choice function based hyper-heuristics for multi-objective optimization." Applied Soft Computing 28 (March 2015): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2014.12.012.
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Bergeron, Jean, Robert Leconte, Mélanie Trudel, and Sepehr Farhoodi. "On the Choice of Metric to Calibrate Time-Invariant Ensemble Kalman Filter Hyper-Parameters for Discharge Data Assimilation and Its Impact on Discharge Forecast Modelling." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010036.
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An important step when using some data assimilation methods, such as the ensemble Kalman filter and its variants, is to calibrate its parameters. Also called hyper-parameters, these include the model and observation errors, which have previously been shown to have a strong impact on the performance of the data assimilation method. Many metrics can be used to calibrate these hyper-parameters but may not all yield the same optimal set of values. The current study investigated the importance of the choice of metric used during the hyper-parameter calibration phase and its impact on discharge forecasts. The types of metrics used each focused on discharge accuracy, ensemble spread or observation-minus-background statistics. The calibration was performed for the ensemble square root Kalman filter over two catchments in Canada using two different hydrologic models per catchment. Results show that the optimal set of hyper-parameters depended heavily on the choice of metric used during the calibration phase, where data assimilation was applied. These sets of hyper-parameters in turn produced different hydrologic forecasts. This influence was reduced as the forecast lead time increased, because of not applying data assimilation in the forecast mode, and accordingly, convergence of model state ensembles produced in the calibration phase. However, the influence could remain considerable for a few days up to multiple weeks depending on the catchment and the model. As such, a preliminary analysis would be recommended for future studies to better understand the impact that metrics can have within and outside the bounds of hyper-parameter calibration.
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Marcjasz, Grzegorz. "Forecasting Electricity Prices Using Deep Neural Networks: A Robust Hyper-Parameter Selection Scheme." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 4605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184605.
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Deep neural networks are rapidly gaining popularity. However, their application requires setting multiple hyper-parameters, and the performance relies strongly on this choice. We address this issue and propose a robust ex-ante hyper-parameter selection procedure for the day-ahead electricity price forecasting that, when used jointly with a tested forecast averaging scheme, yields high performance throughout three-year long out-of-sample test periods in two distinct markets. Being based on a grid search with models evaluated on long samples, the methodology mitigates the noise induced by local optimization. Forecast averaging across calibration window lengths and hyper-parameter sets allows the proposed methodology to outperform a parameter-rich least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-estimated model and a deep neural network (DNN) with non-optimized hyper-parameters in terms of the mean absolute forecast error.
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Merker, Jochen. "On Almost Hyper-Para-Kähler Manifolds." ISRN Geometry 2012 (March 8, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/535101.
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In this paper it is shown that a -dimensional almost symplectic manifold can be endowed with an almost paracomplex structure , , and an almost complex structure , , satisfying for , for and , if and only if the structure group of can be reduced from (or ) to . In the symplectic case such a manifold is called an almost hyper-para-Kähler manifold. Topological and metric properties of almost hyper-para-Kähler manifolds as well as integrability of are discussed. It is especially shown that the Pontrjagin classes of the eigenbundles of to the eigenvalues depend only on the symplectic structure and not on the choice of .
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Collins, Paul D., and Darl G. Kolb. ""Hyper-connectivity: How Choice, Response Norms and Technology Do (and Don’t) Matter"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 15245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.15245abstract.
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Drake, John H., Ender Özcan, and Edmund K. Burke. "A Case Study of Controlling Crossover in a Selection Hyper-heuristic Framework Using the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem." Evolutionary Computation 24, no. 1 (March 2016): 113–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00145.
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Hyper-heuristics are high-level methodologies for solving complex problems that operate on a search space of heuristics. In a selection hyper-heuristic framework, a heuristic is chosen from an existing set of low-level heuristics and applied to the current solution to produce a new solution at each point in the search. The use of crossover low-level heuristics is possible in an increasing number of general-purpose hyper-heuristic tools such as HyFlex and Hyperion. However, little work has been undertaken to assess how best to utilise it. Since a single-point search hyper-heuristic operates on a single candidate solution, and two candidate solutions are required for crossover, a mechanism is required to control the choice of the other solution. The frameworks we propose maintain a list of potential solutions for use in crossover. We investigate the use of such lists at two conceptual levels. First, crossover is controlled at the hyper-heuristic level where no problem-specific information is required. Second, it is controlled at the problem domain level where problem-specific information is used to produce good-quality solutions to use in crossover. A number of selection hyper-heuristics are compared using these frameworks over three benchmark libraries with varying properties for an NP-hard optimisation problem: the multidimensional 0-1 knapsack problem. It is shown that allowing crossover to be managed at the domain level outperforms managing crossover at the hyper-heuristic level in this problem domain.
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Brilhante, M. Fátima, M. Ivette Gomes, Sandra Mendonça, Dinis Pestana, and Pedro Pestana. "Generalized Beta Models and Population Growth: So Many Routes to Chaos." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020194.
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Logistic and Gompertz growth equations are the usual choice to model sustainable growth and immoderate growth causing depletion of resources, respectively. Observing that the logistic distribution is geo-max-stable and the Gompertz function is proportional to the Gumbel max-stable distribution, we investigate other models proportional to either geo-max-stable distributions (log-logistic and backward log-logistic) or to other max-stable distributions (Fréchet or max-Weibull). We show that the former arise when in the hyper-logistic Blumberg equation, connected to the Beta (p,q) function, we use fractional exponents p−1=1∓1/α and q−1=1±1/α, and the latter when in the hyper-Gompertz-Turner equation, the exponents of the logarithmic factor are real and eventually fractional. The use of a BetaBoop function establishes interesting connections to Probability Theory, Riemann–Liouville’s fractional integrals, higher-order monotonicity and convexity and generalized unimodality, and the logistic map paradigm inspires the investigation of the dynamics of the hyper-logistic and hyper-Gompertz maps.
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Christensen, Julia F. "Pleasure junkies all around! Why it matters and why ‘the arts’ might be the answer: a biopsychological perspective." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1854 (May 3, 2017): 20162837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2837.
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Today's society is pleasure seeking. We expect to obtain pleasurable experiences fast and easily. We are used to hyper-palatable foods and drinks, and we can get pornography, games and gadgets whenever we want them. The problem: with this type of pleasure-maximizing choice behaviour we may be turning ourselves into mindless pleasure junkies, handing over our free will for the next dopamine shoot. Pleasure-only activities are fun. In excess, however, such activities might have negative effects on our biopsychological health: they provoke a change in the neural mechanisms underlying choice behaviour. Choice behaviour becomes biased towards short-term pleasure-maximizing goals, just as in the addicted brain (modulated by the amygdala, posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex' (VMPFC), striatum, nucleus accumbens; ‘A-system’) and away from long-term prosperity and general well-being maximizing objectives (normally ensured by the insula, anterior VMPFC, hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); ‘I-system‘). This paper outlines, first, what ‘pleasure’ is and what ‘pleasure-only’ activities are (e.g. social media engagement, hyper-palatable eating). Second, an account is given of the type of action that might aid to maintain the neural systems underlying choice behaviour balanced. Finally, it is proposed that engagement with the arts might be an activity with the potential to foster healthy choice behaviour—and not be just for pleasure. The evidence in this rather new field of research is still piecemeal and inconclusive. This review aims to motivate targeted research in this domain.
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Sucholutsky, Ilia, and Matthias Schonlau. "SecDD: Efficient and Secure Method for Remotely Training Neural Networks (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 18 (May 18, 2021): 15897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.17945.
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We leverage what are typically considered the worst qualities of deep learning algorithms - high computational cost, requirement for large data, no explainability, high dependence on hyper-parameter choice, overfitting, and vulnerability to adversarial perturbations - in order to create a method for the secure and efficient training of remotely deployed neural networks over unsecure channels.
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Miranda-Moreno, Luis F., Shahram Heydari, Dominique Lord, and Liping Fu. "Bayesian road safety analysis: Incorporation of past evidence and effect of hyper-prior choice." Journal of Safety Research 46 (September 2013): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2013.03.003.
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Bhattacharjee, Rohan, Debjyoti Ghosh, and Abhirup Mazumder. "A REVIEW ON HYPER-PARAMETER OPTIMISATION BY DEEP LEARNING EXPERIMENTS." Journal of Mathematical Sciences & Computational Mathematics 2, no. 4 (July 5, 2021): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/jmscm.2407.
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It has been found that during the runtime of a deep learning experiment, the intermediate resultant values get removed while the processes carry forward. This removal of data forces the interim experiment to roll back to a certain initial point after which the hyper-parameters or results become difficult to obtain (mostly for a vast set of experimental data). Hyper-parameters are the various constraints/measures that a learning model requires to generalise distinct data patterns and control the learning process. A proper choice and optimization of these hyper-parameters must be made so that the learning model is capable of resolving the given machine learning problem and during training, a specific performance objective for an algorithm on a dataset is optimised. This review paper aims at presenting a Parameter Optimisation for Learning (POL) model highlighting the all-round features of a deep learning experiment via an application-based programming interface (API). This provides the means of stocking, recovering and examining parameters settings and intermediate values. To ease the process of optimisation of hyper-parameters further, the model involves the application of optimisation functions, analysis and data management. Moreover, the prescribed model boasts of a higher interactive aspect and is circulating across a number of machine learning experts, aiding further utility in data management.
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Ariel, AP, HG Furlott, KR Chapman, AS Slutsky, P. Webster, N. Zamel, and SM Tarlo. "Effect of High Dose Inhaled Acetic Acid on Airway Responsiveness in Fischer Rats." Canadian Respiratory Journal 5, no. 5 (1998): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/157193.
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BACKGROUND: Sudden, severe airway injury has been associated with an acute, and at times persisting, airway hyper-responsiveness with clinical features of asthma, termed reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). An attempt was made to develop a rat model of RADS by exposing inbred Fischer rats to inhaled 8 N acetic acid for 2 mins (13 N inhalation was lethal).METHODS: Lung resistance (RL) and lung elastance (EL) were measured in 14 eight- to 10-week old male rats. Baseline responsiveness to methacholine was quantified by calculating the dose required for doubling of RL. The next day, the study group (n=11) was exposed to aerosolized acetic acid. Control animals (n=3) were similarly exposed to buffered saline solution.RESULTS: Acetic acid exposure resulted in a significant (P <0.02) increase in RL (by 80%) and EL (by 67%), lasting less than 10 mins postexposure, but no significant change in methacholine responsiveness at one day and seven days postexposure.CONCLUSIONS: Failure to induce persistent airway hyper-responsiveness may relate to the choice of animal, choice of irritant, or insufficient level or duration of exposure, or may reflect a lack of individual predisposing cofactors such as smoking or underlying asthmatic predisposition.
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Serrano, Fernando, and Josep M. Rossell. "Hybrid Passivity Based and Fuzzy Type-2 Controller for Chaotic and Hyper-Chaotic Systems." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0015.
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AbstractIn this paper a hybrid passivity based and fuzzy type-2 controller for chaotic and hyper-chaotic systems is presented. The proposed control strategy is an appropriate choice to be implemented for the stabilization of chaotic and hyper-chaotic systems due to the energy considerations of the passivity based controller and the flexibility and capability of the fuzzy type-2 controller to deal with uncertainties. As it is known, chaotic systems are those kinds of systems in which one of their Lyapunov exponents is real positive, and hyper-chaotic systems are those kinds of systems in which more than one Lyapunov exponents are real positive. In this article one chaotic Lorentz attractor and one four dimensions hyper-chaotic system are considered to be stabilized with the proposed control strategy. It is proved that both systems are stabilized by the passivity based and fuzzy type-2 controller, in which a control law is designed according to the energy considerations selecting an appropriate storage function to meet the passivity conditions. The fuzzy type-2 controller part is designed in order to behave as a state feedback controller, exploiting the flexibility and the capability to deal with uncertainties. This work begins with the stability analysis of the chaotic Lorentz attractor and a four dimensions hyper-chaotic system. The rest of the paper deals with the design of the proposed control strategy for both systems in order to design an appropriate controller that meets the design requirements. Finally, numerical simulations are done to corroborate the obtained theoretical results.
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Cui, Shicheng, Qianmu Li, Deqiang Li, Zhichao Lian, and Jun Hou. "Hyper-Mol: Molecular Representation Learning via Fingerprint-Based Hypergraph." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (February 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3756102.
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With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of drug design and discovery, learning informative representations of molecules is becoming crucial for those AI-driven tasks. In recent years, the graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a preferred choice of deep learning architecture and have been successfully applied to molecular representation learning (MRL). Up-to-date MRL methods directly apply the message passing mechanism on the atom-level attributes (i.e., atoms and bonds) of molecules. However, they neglect latent yet significant hyperstructured knowledge, such as the information of pharmacophore or functional class. Hence, in this paper, we propose Hyper-Mol, a new MRL framework that applies GNNs to encode hypergraph structures of molecules via fingerprint-based features. Hyper-Mol explores the hyperstructured knowledge and the latent relationships of the fingerprint substructures from a hypergraph perspective. The molecular hypergraph generation algorithm is designed to depict the hyperstructured information with the physical and chemical characteristics of molecules. Thus, the fingerprint-level message passing process can encode both the intra-structured and inter-structured information of fingerprint substructures according to the molecular hypergraphs. We evaluate Hyper-Mol on molecular property prediction tasks, and the experimental results on real-world benchmarks show that Hyper-Mol can learn comprehensive hyperstructured knowledge of molecules and is superior to the state-of-the-art baselines.
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Osogami, Takayuki. "Second Order Techniques for Learning Time-series with Structural Breaks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 9259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i10.17117.
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We study fundamental problems in learning nonstationary time-series: how to effectively regularize time-series models and how to adaptively tune forgetting rates. The effectiveness of L2 regularization depends on the choice of coordinates, and the variables need to be appropriately normalized. In nonstationary environment, however, what is appropriate can vary over time. Proposed regularization is invariant to the invertible linear transformation of coordinates, eliminating the necessity of normalization. We also propose an ensemble learning approach to adaptively tuning the forgetting rate and regularization-coefficient. We train multiple models with varying hyperparameters and evaluate their performance by the use of multiple hyper forgetting rates. At each step, we choose the best performing model on the basis of the best performing hyper forgetting rate. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated with real time-series.
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Le-Thi-Thu, Huong, Isis Cruz, Yovani Marrero-Ponce, Nam Nguyen-Hai, Hai Pham-The, Hai Nguyen-Thanh, Tung Bui Thanh, and Gerardo Casañola-Martin. "Multi-Criteria Decision Making: the Best Choice for the Modeling of Chemicals against Hyper-Pigmentation?" Current Bioinformatics 10, no. 5 (November 13, 2015): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574893610666151008011245.
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Engelmann, J. B., G. S. Berns, and B. W. Dunlop. "Hyper-responsivity to losses in the anterior insula during economic choice scales with depression severity." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 16 (June 7, 2017): 2879–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001428.
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BackgroundCommonly observed distortions in decision-making among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may emerge from impaired reward processing and cognitive biases toward negative events. There is substantial theoretical support for the hypothesis that MDD patients overweight potential losses compared with gains, though the neurobiological underpinnings of this bias are uncertain.MethodsTwenty-one unmedicated patients with MDD were compared with 25 healthy controls (HC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with an economic decision-making task over mixed lotteries involving probabilistic gains and losses. Region-of-interest analyses evaluated neural signatures of gain and loss coding within a core network of brain areas known to be involved in valuation (anterior insula, caudate nucleus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex).ResultsUsable fMRI data were available for 19 MDD and 23 HC subjects. Anterior insula signal showed negative coding of losses (gain > loss) in HC subjects consistent with previous findings, whereas MDD subjects demonstrated significant reversals in these associations (loss > gain). Moreover, depression severity further enhanced the positive coding of losses in anterior insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus. The hyper-responsivity to losses displayed by the anterior insula of MDD patients was paralleled by a reduced influence of gain, but not loss, stake size on choice latencies.ConclusionsPatients with MDD demonstrate a significant shift from negative to positive coding of losses in the anterior insula, revealing the importance of this structure in value-based decision-making in the context of emotional disturbances.
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M. Pour, Shahrzad, John H. Drake, and Edmund K. Burke. "A choice function hyper-heuristic framework for the allocation of maintenance tasks in Danish railways." Computers & Operations Research 93 (May 2018): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2017.09.011.
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Hirata, Kayoko. "SAIJIKI: Hyper-Reading Japanese." CALICO Journal 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2013): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v8i1.51-63.
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"Saijiki; Hyper-Reading Japanese" is a HyperCard application for the Macintosh DE, and is for students at the intermediate to advanced levels learning to read somewhat sophisticated Japanese essays by themselves. Saijiki means notes about yearly events and the nature of the seasons. The six essays in this program were selected from a collection of essays titled "Kotoba No Saijiki" (Saijiki of words) by Haruhiko Kindaichi (1973), an eminent linguist. The essays introduce Japanese culture, literature and nature as well as language. The computer program includes such features as kanji (Chinese characters) reading practice, multiple choice questions on comprehension and a pop-up dictionary with links to the essays. The program also has cultural illustrations and kanji stroke-order animations to make the study more interesting. The HyperCard system is interfaced with Kanji-Talk1, so that three types of Japanese characters (kanji, hiragana, and katakana2) are used. English is also used when necessary.
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Altibi, Ahmed M., Radhika Sheth, Ayman Battisha, and Vivek Kak. "Cutaneous Fusariosis in a Patient with Job’s (Hyper-IgE) Syndrome." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2020 (June 16, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3091806.
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Fusarium is a filamentous fungus that is ubiquitous in nature and can cause severe opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. The association between Fusarium and hyper-IgE syndrome is exceedingly rare and has only been documented in a single report previously. A 44-year-old male, working as marijuana grower, with prior diagnosis of hyper-IgE syndrome and recurrent infections presented with enlarging right knee ulcer that did not respond to antimicrobial treatment. The patient was diagnosed with cutaneous fusariosis, confirmed with punch biopsy and positive wound cultures. The patient was managed with extended antifungal therapy (i.e., posaconazole) and surgical debridement resulting in remarkable improvement with wound healing leaving a pale scar. Fusarium should be considered in differential for cutaneous and invasive fungal infections in presence of cutaneous manifestations. Exposure to Cannabis plants is a noticeable risk factor. Multimodal approach involving systemic antifungals and wound debridement is essential for favorable outcome. Posaconazole was demonstrated to be a highly efficacious antifungal choice.
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Xiao, Huaping, Fanghua Li, Emil Mladenov, Aashish Soni, Veronika Mladenova, Bing Pan, Rositsa Dueva, Martin Stuschke, Beate Timmermann, and George Iliakis. "Increased Resection at DSBs in G2-Phase Is a Unique Phenotype Associated with DNA-PKcs Defects That Is Not Shared by Other Factors of c-NHEJ." Cells 11, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11132099.
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The load of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced in the genome of higher eukaryotes by different doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is a key determinant of DSB repair pathway choice, with homologous recombination (HR) and ATR substantially gaining ground at doses below 0.5 Gy. Increased resection and HR engagement with decreasing DSB-load generate a conundrum in a classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ)-dominated cell and suggest a mechanism adaptively facilitating resection. We report that ablation of DNA-PKcs causes hyper-resection, implicating DNA-PK in the underpinning mechanism. However, hyper-resection in DNA-PKcs-deficient cells can also be an indirect consequence of their c-NHEJ defect. Here, we report that all tested DNA-PKcs mutants show hyper-resection, while mutants with defects in all other factors of c-NHEJ fail to do so. This result rules out the model of c-NHEJ versus HR competition and the passive shift from c-NHEJ to HR as the causes of the increased resection and suggests the integration of DNA-PKcs into resection regulation. We develop a model, compatible with the results of others, which integrates DNA-PKcs into resection regulation and HR for a subset of DSBs. For these DSBs, we propose that the kinase remains at the break site, rather than the commonly assumed autophosphorylation-mediated removal from DNA ends.
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Onipchenko, V. V., I. G. Sergeeva, Yu M. Krinitsyina, A. A. Kondrashova, V. V. Pahomova, and N. V. Hismatulina. "Anti-cytokine therapy of a patient suffering from psoriatic arthritis." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 92, no. 4 (August 24, 2016): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-4-54-58.
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The article presents a clinical case study of an efficient therapy with infliximab used for a 33-year-old patient with a severe course of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriatic onychopathy; chronic hepatitis C with the minimum activity, replication phase; hyper- and normatrophic scars affecting 40% of the body surface; cicatricial contractures; complicated posterior polar cataract of both eyes; secondary amyloidosis of the kidneys with a nephrotic syndrome. It also demonstrates the significance of the anti-cytokine therapy as a method of choice in a complicated clinical situation.
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Domović, Daniel, Tomislav Rolich, and Marin Golub. "Hyper-Heuristic Approach for Improving Marker Efficiency." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0026.
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Abstract Marker planning is an optimization arrangement problem, where a set of cutting parts need to be placed on a thin paper without overlapping to create a marker – an exact diagram of cutting parts that will be cut from a single spread. An optimal marker that utilizes the length of textile material has to be obtained. The aim of this research was to develop novel algorithms for obtaining an efficient marker that would achieve competitive results and optimize the garment production in terms of improving the utilization of textile material. In this research, a novel Grid heuristic was introduced for obtaining a marker, alongside its improvement methods: Grid-BLP and Grid-Shaking. These heuristics were hybridized with genetic algorithm that determined the placement order of cutting parts using the newly introduced All Equal First (AEF) placement order. A novel individual representation for genetic algorithm was designed that was composed of order sequence, rotation detection and the choice of placement algorithm (hyper-heuristic). Experiments were conducted to determine the best marker making method, and hyper-heuristic efficiency. The implementation and experiments were conducted in MATLAB using GEATbx toolbox on five datasets from the garment industry: ALBANO, DAGLI, MAO, MARQUES and MAN SHIRT. Marker efficiency in percentage was recorded with best results: 84.50%, 80.13%, 79.54%, 84.67% and 86.02% obtained for the datasets respectively. The most efficient heuristic was Grid-Shaking. Hyper-heuristic applied Grid-Shaking in 88% of times. The created algorithm is independent of cutting parts’ shape. It can produce markers of arbitrary shape and is flexible in terms of expansion to new instances from the garment industry (leather nesting, avoiding damaged areas of material, marker making with materials with patterns).
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Galli, Jacopo, Rolando Rolesi, Roberto Gallus, Annalisa Seccia, Alessandro Pedicelli, Francesco Bussu, and Emanuele Scarano. "Parapharyngeal Space Tumors: Our Experience." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020283.
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Para-pharyngeal space (PPS) tumors include an heterogeneous group of neoplasms, accounting for approximatively 0.5–1.5% of all head and neck tumors. Management of these neoplasms requires a careful diagnostic workout and an appropriate surgical approach to obtain good outcomes associated with minimal aesthetic drawbacks. In this study we investigated clinical onset, histologic features, surgical treatment outcomes, peri operative complications and follow up of 98 patients treated for PPS tumors in our Centre between 2002 and 2021. Furthermore, we reviewed our preliminary experience of preoperative embolization of hyper vascular PPS tumors trough SQUID12, an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) which exhibits many advantages over other embolic agents, due to its better devascularization rate and lower risk of systemic complications. Our data support the hypothesis that transoral surgery scenario should be significantly revised, as it could represent a valid treatment for tumors located in lower and prestyloyd portion of PPS. Moreover, SQUID12, a novel embolization agent, may be a very promising choice for PPS hyper vascularized tumors, ensuring higher devascularization rate, safer procedures and lower risk of systemic dispersion compared to traditional Contour treatment.
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Bhagat, Shikha, and Shilpa Sarvani Ravi. "Private Label Brands Endearing Over National Brands: An Elaborated Empirical Review." Shanlax International Journal of Management 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v10i2.5270.
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Consumers are always given the option of choice, products are delivered in comfort as per the desire, and consumer experience and expectations were handled by the retailer. These value additions give a cutting edge to one retailer over the other. These value additions influence the consumers to prefer one retailer over the other and choose private vs national brands. This research actively investigated the reasons influencing consumer purchase decisions of Private Label Brands over the National brands and also to identify the most preferred store Private Label Brands among the hyper Chains in Bengaluru city. The study is conducted across all the hypermarket chains in Bengaluru city. The sample size considered for the consumer survey is 600 which has been divided in quota sampling among the hyper store chains in Bengaluru city. The influence of Service Perceived variable on the consumer preferences over Private label brands over national brands stands highest and the most accepted Private label brand preference was identified from More Mega mart as compared to other retail stores in the market.
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Fan, Wanshu, Hongyan Wang, Yan Wang, and Zhixun Su. "Blind Deconvolution with Scale Ambiguity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030939.
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Recent years have witnessed significant advances in single image deblurring due to the increasing popularity of electronic imaging equipment. Most existing blind image deblurring algorithms focus on designing distinctive image priors for blur kernel estimation, which usually play regularization roles in deconvolution formulation. However, little research effort has been devoted to the relative scale ambiguity between the latent image and the blur kernel. The well-known L 1 normalization constraint, i.e., fixing the sum of all the kernel weights to be one, is commonly selected to remove this ambiguity. In contrast to this arbitrary choice, we in this paper introduce the L p -norm normalization constraint on the blur kernel associated with a hyper-Laplacian prior. We show that the employed hyper-Laplacian regularizer can be transformed into a joint regularized prior based on a scale factor. We quantitatively show that the proper choice of p makes the joint prior sufficient to favor the sharp solutions over the trivial solutions (the blurred input and the delta kernel). This facilitates the kernel estimation within the conventional maximum a posterior (MAP) framework. We carry out numerical experiments on several synthesized datasets and find that the proposed method with p = 2 generates the highest average kernel similarity, the highest average PSNR and the lowest average error ratio. Based on these numerical results, we set p = 2 in our experiments. The evaluation on some real blurred images demonstrate that the results by the proposed methods are visually better than the state-of-the-art deblurring methods.
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Sitaraman, Ramakrishnan. "Bacterial Quorum- sensing Signal Molecules as Potential Inhibitors of Cytokine Storms in COVID-19." Open COVID Journal 1, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666958702101010162.
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In this perspective article, we suggest that bacterial quorum-sensing signal molecules (QSSMs) be systematically screened and evaluated for their ability to exert anti-inflammatory activity in the context of COVID-19-associated cytokine storms and other hyper-inflammatory conditions. Rapid and relevant in vitro screening of these and other compounds (natural or synthetic) can be accomplished by a careful choice of assay systems that are relevant to the disease context. Some lines of evidence indicating the utility of using such an approach, its potential benefits and risks during actual usage, as well as avenues for further research, are discussed.
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Li, Wangshu, Chuanfu Wang, Kai Feng, Xin Huang, and Qun Ding. "A multidimensional discrete digital chaotic encryption system." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 155014771880278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802781.
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In this article, a new multidimensional discrete chaotic system is proposed, and the characteristics and advantages of the multidimensional discrete chaotic system are analyzed. The multidimensional discrete chaotic system is designed using digital technology, and the system has the complexity of hyper-chaotic system, and it can avoid the choice of step size, at the same time, the design of the circuit is simple, the resource occupancy rate is low, it is suitable for the design of digital system, and so on. It can be used in constructing chaotic sequence generator, chaotic encryption, and visual sensor networks.
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Hartanto, Teddy, and Maria Irmina Prasetiyowati. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Laptop Berbasis Web dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process." Jurnal ULTIMATICS 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ti.v4i2.314.
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If we talk about notebooks, there are so many choice of brands with various specifications that is sold in markets. It makes consumers sometimes having difficulty to select a notebook based on required specifications. Based on those reasons, the authors decides to design a notebooks decision support system to help consumers making a choice on notebooks based on required specifications.The Method that the authors use for this notebooks decision support system is Analitical Hierarcy Process. This method chosen because it can choose the best alternative from some alternatives. The best alternative is best notebook based on specified criteria. The web based notebooks decision support system program designed based on Hyper Text Preprocessor (PHP) software dan MySQL for its database. The results of implementation from Analitical Hierarcy Process can be applied on the notebooks decision support system.
Keywords: Decision Support System, Analitical Hierarcy Process, Notebooks Selection
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Colding, Johan, Stephan Barthel, and Patrik Sörqvist. "Wicked Problems of Smart Cities." Smart Cities 2, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities2040031.
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It is often uncritically assumed that, when digital technologies are integrated into the operation of city functions, they inevitably contribute to sustainable urban development. Such a notion rests largely on the belief that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions pave the way for more democratic forms of planning, and that ‘smart’ technological devices result in a range of environmental benefits, e.g., energy efficiency and the mitigation of global warming. Drawing on the scientific literature that deals with ‘smart cities’, we here elaborate on how both propositions fail to consider drawbacks that could be characterized as ‘wicked’, i.e., problems that lack simplistic solutions and straightforward planning responses, and which often come about as ‘management surprises’, as a byproduct of achieving sustainability. We here deal with problems related to public choice constraints, ‘non-choice default technologies’ and the costs of automation for human learning and resilience. To avoid undemocratic forms of planning and too strong a dependence on non-choice default technologies, e.g., smart phones, we recommend that planners and policy makers safeguard redundancy in public-choice options by maintaining a wide range of alternative choices, including analog ones. Resilience thinking could help planners deal more effectively with the ‘wickedness’ of an increasingly hyper-connected society.
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Bellei, Cristián, Victor Orellana, and Manuel Canales. "Elección de escuela en la clase alta chilena. Comunidad, identidad y cierre social." education policy analysis archives 28 (January 13, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.3884.
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This article presents the results of a study about the reasons, motives and meanings associated with school choice among Chilean upper-class families. School choice has become a relevant issue in educational policy debates about marketization and privatization because it is linked to social segregation dynamics. The Chilean upper social class is an appropriate social space to study these issues since this group educates their children in a hyper-segregated set of very expensive private schools. The study followed a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews and focus groups in a prototypical zone of the upper social class in Santiago, Chile. Our main findings show the enormous relevance of communitarian, social and cultural concerns when choosing schools, seeking an identification between family and school community based on shared worldviews and social relationships. If we consider this social space as an educational market with prices, competition and school choice, this would be a market heavily embedded in a dense social world that support it and ultimately subordinate it. We also found some diversity within the upper social class, which is currently stressed by some processes of socio-cultural diversification.
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Dermine, Solène, Lola-Jade Palmieri, Julie Lavolé, Amélie Barré, Antony Dohan, Einas Abou Ali, Anne-Ségolène Cottereau, et al. "Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Options for Liver Metastases in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111907.
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The incidence of liver metastasis in digestive neuroendocrine tumors is high. Their presence appears as an important prognostic factor in terms of quality of life and survival. These tumors may be symptomatic because of the tumor burden itself and/or the hormonal hyper-secretion induced by the tumor. Surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable tumors and metastasis. Nevertheless, surgery is only possible in a small number of cases. The management of non-resectable liver metastasis is a challenge. The literature is rich but consists predominantly in small retrospective series with a low level of proof. Thus, the choice of one technique over another could be difficult. Local ablative techniques (radiofrequency) or trans-catheter intra-arterial liver-directed treatments (hepatic artery embolization, chemo-embolization, and radio-embolization) are frequently considered for liver metastasis. In the present review, we focus on these different therapeutic approaches in advanced neuroendocrine tumors, results (clinical and radiological), and overall efficacy, and summarize recommendations to help physicians in their clinical practice.
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Khandwalla, Pradip N. "Creative Restructuring." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 26, no. 1 (January 2001): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920010102.
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In the context of liberalization of globalization of economy, the changes required in the functioning of corporates need to be vast. Corporate restructuring has become an important means for achieving such changes in India and elsewhere. The restructuring paradigm of western international management consultants (WIMCs) has come into vogue among large Indian public and private corporates. One major restructuring choice is between the WIMC paradigm and a creative, participatory, largely self-help mode of corporate restructuring. Creative restructuring is illustrated by three case studies. Another major restructuring choice is between creative and non-creative modes. Based on a study of 120 turnarounds from a number of countries, 42 creative restructurings for turnaround are contrasted with 47 non-creative restructurings for turnaround along 14 categories of turnaround action. The necessity of creative, participatively improvised restructuring to institutionalize adaptive capabilities and achieve quantum leap in corporate excellence in a hyper-competitive environment is highlighted. Several steps are suggested for practitioners seeking effective creative restructuring.
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Su, Wen-Hao. "Rapid Softness Prediction and Microbial Spoilage Visualization of Whole Tomatoes by Using Hyper/Multispectral Imaging." Challenges 12, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe12020021.
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The choice of selecting fruit for canned whole tomatoes is driven by several quality attributes including sweetness, acidity, and softness of tomatoes. Moreover, tomatoes can be contaminated with a variety of molds during cultivation, harvest, and transportation. Conventional evaluation operations for tomato softness and microbial spoilage are usually time-consuming, destructive, and high-cost. One strategy for rapid tomato sorting is to utilize hyper/multispectral imaging. This paper proposes to improve on traditional broad-band infrared imaging of existing color and dirt sorters by increasing the spectral resolution of the information collected. The findings of this study will characterize the potential of the technology in terms of predicting tomato softness and identification of tomato microbial spoilage for further development by the industry.
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Siddiqi, Ahmed. "Preferred screening test for Cushing’s syndrome screening." Endocrinology and Disorders 4, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/053.
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Background: In our practice 24 hours urine collection for free cortisol (24Hr UFC) and overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST) are initial investigations to screen patients for hyper-cortisolism. I audited our practice to find our clinicians’ and patients’ choice of first screening investigation for hyper-cortisolism. Method & material: Electronic and paper medical records of patients who underwent 24Hr UFC and/or ONDST at our hospital over previous consecutive twenty four months were examined. 62 such patients were identified but 12 patients were excluded from analysis. We tried to contact 30 patients over consecutive 48 hours over the phone who underwent both 24Hr UFC and ONDST. We managed to contact 18 patients and asked them two study questions. Data & results: 33 (66%) patients were female and 17 (33%) were male. 20 (40%) had 24Hr UFC alone and 30 (60%) patients had both. In total 80 such investigations completed 30 being ONDST and 50 24hr UFC. 53 (66%) of the investigations were requested by Endocrinologists, 21 (26%) by Hospital General Physicians and 6 (8%) by General practitioners (GP). For UFC 10 (20%) were true positive, 31 (62%) were false positive, 6 (12%) were true negative and 0% false negative. 3 (6%) 24Hr UFC samples were not collected properly and were not processed for results. Out of the total false positives (31 patients), 6 (19.3%) cases were of alcohol excess, 4 (13%) of dépression, 3 (9.7%) of inhaled steroids and 1 (3.2%) of sleep apnea. For the ONDST 7 (23.3%) true positive, 4 (13.3%) false positive 19 (63.4%) true negative and 0% false negative. All 18 patients contacted over the phone answered both questions. 16 preferred ONDST over 24Hr UFC, 1 patient had no preference and 1 patient preferred 24Hr UFC over ONDST. Conclusion: Patients overwhelmingly preferred ONDST as first screening test in contrast to physician’s choice of 24Hr UFC.
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Cappozzo, Andrea, Luis Angel García Escudero, Francesca Greselin, and Agustín Mayo-Iscar. "Parameter Choice, Stability and Validity for Robust Cluster Weighted Modeling." Stats 4, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats4030036.
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Statistical inference based on the cluster weighted model often requires some subjective judgment from the modeler. Many features influence the final solution, such as the number of mixture components, the shape of the clusters in the explanatory variables, and the degree of heteroscedasticity of the errors around the regression lines. Moreover, to deal with outliers and contamination that may appear in the data, hyper-parameter values ensuring robust estimation are also needed. In principle, this freedom gives rise to a variety of “legitimate” solutions, each derived by a specific set of choices and their implications in modeling. Here we introduce a method for identifying a “set of good models” to cluster a dataset, considering the whole panorama of choices. In this way, we enable the practitioner, or the scientist who needs to cluster the data, to make an educated choice. They will be able to identify the most appropriate solutions for the purposes of their own analysis, in light of their stability and validity.
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Singh, Suraj Kumar, Shruti Kanga, and Sudhanshu. "Assessment of Geospatial Approaches Used for Classification of Crops." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2018.3.3-019.
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Harvests distinguishing proof from remotely detected pictures is fundamental because of utilization of remote identifying images as a contribution for rural and monetary arranging by the government and private offices. Accessible satellite sensors like IRS AWIFS, LISS, SPOT 5 and furthermore LANDSAT, MODIS are great wellsprings of multispectral information with various spatial resolutions and Hyperion, Hy-Map, AVIRIS are great wellsprings of hyper-Spectral. The technique for current research is choice of satellite information; utilization of appropriate strategy for arrangement and checking the accuracy. From most recent four decades different specialists have been taking a shot at these issues up to some degree yet at the same time a few difficulties are there like numerous products distinguishing proof, separation of harvests of the same sort this paper gives a general survey of the work done in this vital zone. Multispectral and hyper-spectral images contain spectral data about the crops. Good delicate registering and examination aptitudes are required to order and distinguish the class of enthusiasm from that datasets. Various specialists have worked with supervised and unsupervised arrangement alongside hard classifiers and also delicate processing strategies like fuzzy C mean, support vector machine and they have been discovered distinctive outcomes with various datasets.
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Lee, Hye Won, Mi Ju Kang, Young-Ju Kwon, Sama Abdi Nansa, Eui Hyun Jung, Sung Han Kim, Sang-Jin Lee, et al. "Targeted Inhibition of O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Chemosensitivity and Attenuate Aggressive Tumor Traits in Chemoresistant Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder." Biomedicines 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051162.
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Acquisition of acquired chemoresistance during treatment cycles in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the major cause of death through enhancing the risk of cancer progression and metastasis. Elevated glucose flux through the abnormal upregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) controls key signaling and metabolic pathways regulating diverse cancer cell phenotypes. This study showed that OGT expression levels in two human UCB cell models with acquired resistance to gemcitabine and paclitaxel were significantly upregulated compared with those in parental cells. Reducing hyper-O-GlcNAcylation by OGT knockdown (KD) markedly facilitated chemosensitivity to the corresponding chemotherapeutics in both cells, and combination treatment with OGT-KD showed more severe growth defects in chemoresistant sublines. We subsequently verified the suppressive effects of OGT-KD monotherapy on cell migration/invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo in chemoresistant UCB cells. Transcriptome analysis of these cells revealed 97 upregulated genes, which were enriched in multiple oncogenic pathways. Our final choice of suspected OGT glycosylation substrate was VCAN, S1PR3, PDGFRB, and PRKCG, the knockdown of which induced cell growth defects. These findings demonstrate the vital role of dysregulated OGT activity and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in modulating treatment failure and tumor aggression in chemoresistant UCB.
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Lissovoi, Andrei, Pietro Oliveto, and John Alasdair Warwicker. "How the Duration of the Learning Period Affects the Performance of Random Gradient Selection Hyper-Heuristics." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 03 (April 3, 2020): 2376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5617.
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Recent analyses have shown that a random gradient hyper-heuristic (HH) using randomised local search (RLSk) low-level heuristics with different neighbourhood sizes k can optimise the unimodal benchmark function LeadingOnes in the best expected time achievable with the available heuristics, if sufficiently long learning periods τ are employed. In this paper, we examine the impact of the learning period on the performance of the hyper-heuristic for standard unimodal benchmark functions with different characteristics: Ridge, where the HH has to learn that RLS1 is always the best low-level heuristic, and OneMax, where different low-level heuristics are preferable in different areas of the search space. We rigorously prove that super-linear learning periods τ are required for the HH to achieve optimal expected runtime for Ridge. Conversely, a sub-logarithmic learning period is the best static choice for OneMax, while using super-linear values for τ increases the expected runtime above the asymptotic unary unbiased black box complexity of the problem. We prove that a random gradient HH which automatically adapts the learning period throughout the run has optimal asymptotic expected runtime for both OneMax and Ridge. Additionally, we show experimentally that it outperforms any static learning period for realistic problem sizes.
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Ergaliev, E. R., M. N. Madiyarov, N. M. Oskorbin, and L. L. Smolyakova. "Ellipsoidal Approximation of the Set of Solutions of Interval Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(120) (September 10, 2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)4-15.
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The article presents the results of the approximation of the set of solutions of interval systems of linear algebraic equations. These systems are used in the problems of modeling linear deterministic processes. It is assumed that the modeled process is described by an output variable and a set of input variables, the measurement errors of which are assumed to be set by known intervals symmetric with respect to the zero value. Traditionally, the sets of solutions of interval systems of linear algebraic equations in applied problems are approximated by a hyper-rectangular whose sides are parallel to the axes of the selected coordinate system. In this paper, we propose to use an ellipsoidal approximation of these sets, which is more efficient. The main results of the work include the substantiation of assumptions about the properties of the modeled process, the choice of a mathematical method for constructing an approximating ellipsoid, the proposed method for forming boundary points, and a numerical method for solving the problem. A computer simulation of the problem of estimating the parameters of a linear process is performed in Excel, which is used for a comparative study of approximations of solutions of interval systems of linear algebraic equations by a hyper-rectangular and an ellipse.
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Ostalski, Przemysław. "Optimality Theoretic Analysis of Non-Rhoticity in English." Research in Language 5 (December 18, 2007): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-007-0004-4.
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The paper intends to describe various rhotic phenomena within a unified phonological framework of Optimality Theory. This description encompasses “standard” rhotic phenomena, such as linking and intrusive r. Additionally both hyper- and hypo-rhoticity are discussed. The paper serves primarily two points. First, it proves practical workability of constraint mechanism, as proposed by Optimality Theory. Second, it presents an integrated account of seemingly unrelated phonological facts observed in various accents of English. The paper discusses also previous accounts of rhoticity in English in connection with an attempt of presenting solid evidence for the choice of underlying forms. Furthermore two competing theoretical descriptions of rhotic insertions (epenthesis vs. gliding/spreading) are compared and evaluated. Finally, the spreading account is shown to be formally superior to the anti-hiatus approach. Moreover, the paper demonstrates a way in which r-liaison might be incorporated in the synchronic grammar of non-rhotic accents. Simply put, r-liaison could be perceived as another instantiation of VSPREAD conspiracy, where vowels tend to spread their melodic content onto the following segments. The OT machinery was also employed to account for the differences between various subtypes of non-rhotic accents, in terms of re-ranking of several constraints. The peculiar phenomena of hyper-rhoticity have, too, been demonstrated to fit the proposal.
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Thomaz, Felipe. "Ghosts in the Dark: How to Prepare for Times of Hyper-Privacy." NIM Marketing Intelligence Review 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nimmir-2021-0006.
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Abstract Even the dark web has its bright sides because it can be used as an unregulated testbed for technologies that will eventually appear on the surface. Also, it is a useful place to study consumer privacy and have a view of what the surface world might look like under an extreme level of consumer data protection. In such a world, even our best customers might look like never-before-seen individuals, until they decide to reveal themselves. If there is trust, and a worthwhile value exchange, consumers might be willing to share their data and not enact all of the hyper-privacy available to them. To seize the opportunities, companies should take stock of their customer relationships, hone their data needs, and learn what information is critical, advantageous, or irrelevant for their context. They should implement initiatives that drive choice carefully, in a trustful relationship.
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Ostaszewski, Pawel. "Temporal Discounting in “Gain Now-Lose Later” and “Lose Now-Gain Later” Conditions." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.653-660.
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Studies on temporal discounting typically involve choosing between two outcomes of the same sign, i.e., positive or negative. For example, participants often are given a choice between a smaller, sooner gain and a larger, but later gain, or (less commonly) the options may be a sooner, larger loss and a later, but smaller loss. In contrast, participants in this study ( N= 129; 66 women and 63 men, volunteers from Warsaw, Poland, all employed, with college education, ranging in age from 23 to 50 years, M = 32.3 yr., SD = 7.4) had to make a yes-or-no decision as to whether they would accept a financial offer involving a combination of a gain and a loss. This offer could be either an immediate gain to be followed later by a larger loss or an immediate loss followed later by a larger gain. Despite the substantial differences between the options in the present study and those in typical discounting studies, the same hyper-boloid discounting function that describes choice between immediate and delayed gains also accurately described choice in the substantially different situations presented in the present study. In addition, steeper discounting was observed with a smaller delayed outcome than with a larger delayed outcome.
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Benzar, Iryna M., Stanislav O. Rebenkov, Anatolii F. Levytskyi, Larysa Ya Fedoniuk, Lyudmyla V. Fomina, Lesia M. Sas, and Taras Ya Stravskyy. "NEWBORNS WITH KASABACH–MERRITT PHENOMENON-ASSOCIATED KAPOSIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA: A REPORT OF 6 CASES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 8 (2020): 1785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202008136.
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Combination of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) in newborn children is a life-threatening constellation. The purpose of the study is the choice of the diagnostic and treatment methods in these patients and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment using radiological methods of investigation. The study enrolled 6 newborn patients with KHE within a period 2013 - 2018. MRI (CT) performed to make the diagnosis and evaluate treatment response. Hypervascular mass accompanied by reticular lymphedema, hyper intensive in T2 WI; isointensive in T1 WI, intense contrast enhancement, heterogeneous diffusion restriction were unique MRI characteristics of KHE. The sustained remission was achieved with treatment by propranolol (n=2), vincristine (n=1), and their combination (n=3).
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Chowdhury, Goutam, Abdul Ahad Mohammed Ryhan Uddin, Md Abdur Rouf, Rajat Sanker Roy Biswas, Md Ismail, Md Siraj, and Mohammed Musfequr Rahman. "Early Detection of Central Pontine Myelinolysis with MRI: A Case Study." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2015): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19427.
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Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a complication of treatment of patients with severe hyponatremia. The microscopic appearance of central pontine myelinolysis is loss of myelin with sparing of axons, without evidence of inflammation. The abnormalities associated with central pontine myelinolysis are readily identified on magnetic resonance imaging scans. A patient with central pontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia was studied with magnetic resonance imaging soon after onset of tetraplegia & dysarthria. Affected central pontine white matter showed restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images associated with hyper signal on T2-W & FLAIR images. MRI with dedicated sequences is the modality of choice for early detection of osmotic changes in the brain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19427