Dissertations / Theses: 'Hygienic behaviour'

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Bigio, Gianluigi. "Hygienic behaviour in honey bees." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51384/.

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This thesis focuses on hygienic behaviour in honey bees. In beekeeping, brood diseases incur heavy economical and biological costs and are no longer effectively treated with chemicals. Previous research has shown how hygienic behaviour, a trait expressed by c. 10% of unselected colonies, can be effective in reducing the impact and presence of such diseases. Hygienic behaviour is experimentally measured using the freeze-killed brood (FKB) bioassay and can be increased by selective breeding, generating lines of hygienic colonies. Chapter 4 demonstrates that the relative rarity of hygienic behaviour in unselected colonies is not because it incurs a cost via the removal of healthy brood. Chapter 5 - 6 focus on the impact of external factors on hygienic behaviour. Specifically, we demonstrate that the presence of brood, amount of food, and strength of the colony affect hygienic levels (Chapter 5). Chapter 6 shows that hygienic behaviour does not correlate with agressiviness or agitated behaviour. When breeding honey bees, it is possible to exploit instrumental insemination to have complete control over the genetic composition of the resulting progeny. This technique is however laborious and requires particular equipment and training. In Chapter 7 we show that it is possible to obtain acceptable levels of hygienic behaviour without artificial insemination. Chapter 8 illustrates how we obtained the first breeing line of hygienic honey bees through a selective breeding program that saw its first milestone in autumn 2013 when we detected high levels of hygienic behaviour. The results obtained represent the foundation for future research projects. Chapter 9 presents a valid, minimal methodology to keep virgin queens. We tested a variety of methods and factors to determine the best, mos cost-effective way to maintain queens for the week prior their introduction into a queenless hive. The results obtained provide some insights on both basic and applied aspects of honey bee breeding for hygienic behaviour and represent the foundation of what will be an ongoing selection programme towards a disease-resistant honey bee.

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Lapidge, Keryn Lea. "Breeding of Hygienic Disease Resistant Bees." University of Sydney. Biological Sciences, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/810.

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Hygienic behaviour in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) has been shown to be an effective control mechanism against brood diseases such as chalkbrood and AFB. Chalkbrood has proven to be problematic for the Australian honey industry since it was identified here in 1993. Hygienic behaviour is a much studied trait. Rothenbuhler investigated the genetic basis of hygienic behaviour, proposing a two-gene model to explain the uncapping and removal of dead brood. His elegant experiment remains the textbook example of a behavioural genetic study. Although this model has been challenged, it is still generally agreed that a small number of unlinked genes produce a large effect on hygienic behaviour, that hygienic alleles are recessive and are inherited in a Mendelian manner. Experimental backcross colonies were produced from an inbred hygienic line and an inbred non-hygienic line, both provided by Dr. Marla Spivak, University of Minnesota. These backcross colonies were assessed for hygienic behaviour using a standard assay. Statistical analyses of the field data indicated that the genetic basis of the trait was more complex than either the simple Mendelian and widely accepted two-gene or three-gene models that have been proposed previously. Molecular techniques, linkage mapping and QTL analysis then were employed to determine how many loci directly influence hygienic behaviour and the relative level of influence and location of each locus within the genome of A. mellifera. Full multipoint linkage analysis by Mapmaker v3.0 software produced a new genetic map of the honeybee comprised of 358 marker loci ordered over 25 linkage groups spanning a total distance of 3406.2 cM. The average distance between each marker was 9.5 cM. QTL analysis of the experimental data identified seven putative genetic markers associated with hygienic behaviour. QTLs located on linkage groups 2, 4, 6 and 22 were detected for both overall hygienic behaviour and uncapping behaviour only. Individually, each QTL is of relatively small effect with each explaining only 9% � 15% of the variance in hygienic levels observed. Collectively, the putative QTLs identified here explain 79.4% of the observed variance in the expression of hygienic behaviour. These results indicate that there are many genes of low to moderate effect rather than few genes of large effect involved in this complex behavioural trait. This is typical of inherited quantitative traits which do not exhibit Mendelian phenotypic ratios. DNA extracted from the brood samples taken during testing of commercial stock, and from individual bees identified as either highly hygienic or non-hygienic in a reciprocal backcross experiment, were screened with the candidate markers associated with putative QTLs to test their diagnostic power. Unfortunately, none have produced reliably diagnostic DNA profiles. As we have now shown that hygienic behaviour is a polygenic, quantitative trait, simple diagnostic markers for Rothenbuhler's 'uncapping' and 'removal' genes are unlikely to be achieved. Our results show that the most likely way to improve disease resistance in Australian stock is via traditional methods of recurrent selection. The project was responsible for the importation of new genetic material into Australia from the United States. This hygienic stock has been well received by industry, has been widely disseminated, and incorporated into local breeding programs. We hope that it has lead to a general improvement in the level of disease resistance in Australian commercial bees.

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Medina-Medina, L. A. "Diseases and hygienic behaviour in honey bees and stingless bees." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289695.

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Tragust, Simon [Verfasser], Sylvia [Akademischer Betreuer] Cremer, and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinze. "Social immune defence in ants - Different aspects of hygienic behaviour and the infestation with Laboulbeniales in Lasius neglectus ants / Simon Tragust. Betreuer: Sylvia Cremer ; Jürgen Heinze." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030179158/34.

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Padilha, Alessandro Haiduck. "Parâmetros genéticos para características produtivas e comportamentais em abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera via abordagem bayesiana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30462.

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O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para características produtivas e comportamentais em uma população de abelhas Apis mellifera africanizadas por meio de inferência Bayesiana. Os dados foram submetidos a análises uni e bicaracterística utilizando o programa MTGSAM. Os modelos consideraram os efeitos (fixos) de local do apiário, mês-ano ou estação-ano e o número de caixilhos com abelhas aderentes como covariável linear. As estimativas de herdabilidade apresentaram magnitudes de moderada a alta para comportamento higiênico (0,81 ± 0,17), produção de própolis (0,83 ± 0,16), produção de mel (0,37 ± 0,22) e taxa de coleta de xarope (0,39 ± 0,22) e magnitude baixa para a percentagem de ácaros em abelhas adultas (0,12 ± 0,13). A rapidez de coleta de xarope apresentou correlação genética de 0,21 ± 0,51 com produção de mel, de 0,45 ± 0,33 com produção de própolis, e de 0,05 ± 0,43 com comportamento higiênico. As correlações genéticas entre produção de mel, produção de própolis e comportamento higiênico foram de 0,20 ± 0,43, de -0,11 ± 0,41 e de 0,23 ± 0,31, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas foram negativas entre percentagem de ácaros em abelhas adultas e as características produção de mel (-0,63 ± 0,39), produção de própolis (-0,07 ± 0,50), comportamento higiênico (-0,19 ± 0,51) e rapidez de coleta de xarope (- 0,41 ± 0,51). As características produção de mel, produção de própolis e comportamento higiênico apresentam potencial para seleção genética. A menor percentagem de ácaros em abelhas adultas está relacionado a maior produção de mel e maior comportamento higiênico, mas não deve ser usado como único critério de seleção devido a baixa herdabilidade. A seleção de abelhas que coletam xarope mais rapidamente, prevendo maior produção de mel, promoverá pequeno ganho genético. Ao selecionar abelhas que produzem mais própolis haverá pequenos ganhos genéticos para comportamento higiênico ou maior produção de mel.
This study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for productive and behavioural traits in Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera. The data were submitted uni and bicharacter analysis using the software MTGSAM. The fixed effects considered in the models were localization of the hive, month-year or season-year and number of frames covered with bees as covariate. The heritability estimates were moderate to high for hygienic behaviour (0,81 ± 0,17), propolis production (0,83 ± 0,16), honey production (0,37 ± 0,22) and syrup-collection rate (0,39 ± 0,22) and lower for percentage of mites on adult bees (0,12 ± 0,13). Syrup-collection rate showed genetic correlation values of 0,21 ± 0,51 with honey production, 0,45 ± 0,33 with propolis production and 0,05 ± 0,43 with hygienic behaviour. Genetic correlation between honey and propolis was 0,20 ± 0,43, between honey production and hygienic behaviour was -0,11 ± 0,41 and between propolis production and hygienic behaviour was 0,23 ± 0,31. Genetic correlations were negative between percentage of mites on adult bees and other traits honey production (-0,63 ± 0,39), propolis production (-0,07 ± 0,50), hygienic behaviour (-0,19 ± 0,51) and syrup-collection rate. Honey production, propolis production and hygienic behavior traits have potential for genetic selection. The lower percentage of mites on adult bees increase honey production or hygienic behaviour, but it is not recommended as the only criterion for selection, due to its low heritability. Selection for syrupcollection rate will promote small genetic gain for honey production. Propolis production is positively correlated to hygienic behaviour or honey production.

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Knowlden, Adam P. "Theory of Planned Behavior Based Predictors of Sleep Intentions and Behaviors in Undergraduate College Students at a Midwestern University." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1311774147.

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Sprague, Daniel Alexander. "Modelling health behaviour." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77458/.

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Many diseases can be prevented or mitigated through behaviour change, but we lack a quantitative model that can accurately predict these changes and inform policies designed to promote them. Here we introduce a quantitative model of health behaviour that takes into account individual-level barriers, the health system, and spread between individuals. We investigate limits of the model where each of these determining factors is dominant, and use them to predict behaviour from data. We apply the model to individual-level geographic barriers to mothers giving birth in a health facility, and find evidence that ease-of-access is a major determinant of delivery location. The geographic barriers allow us to explain the observed spatial distribution of this behaviour, and to accurately predict low prevalence regions. We then apply the model to the role of the health system in determining health facility usage by mothers of sick children. We show that local health facility quality does predict usage, but that this predictive power is significantly less than that gained by including unaccounted-for spatial correlation such as social influence. We also show evidence that results-based funding, rather than traditional input-based funding, increases usage. We develop a psychologically-motivated ‘complex contagion’ model for social influence and incorporate it into a general model of behaviour spread. We apply this model to short-lived behavioural fads, and show that ‘nudges’ can be very eﬀective in systems with social influence. We successfully fit the model to data for the online spread of real-world behaviour, and use it to predict the peak time and duration of a fad before the peak occurred. Finally, we discuss ways to incorporate disease state into the model, and to relax the limits used in the rest of the thesis. We consider a model which links health behaviour to disease, and show that complex contagion leads to a feature that is not present in traditional models of disease: the survival of an epidemic depends non-trivially on the initial fraction of the population that is infected. We then introduce two possible models that include both social influence and an inhomogeneous population, and discuss the type of data that might be required to use them predictively. The model introduced here can be used to understand and predict health behaviours, and we therefore believe that it provides a valuable tool for informing policies to combat disease.

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Gautam, Omprasad. "Food hygiene intervention to improve food hygiene behaviours and reduce food contamination in Nepal : an exploratory trial." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2531624/.

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Objectives: This thesis describes a study that designed, implemented and assessed the effect of a food hygiene intervention on mothers’ food hygiene practices as primary outcomes, and the impact of the interventions on the level of microbiological contamination in food as a secondary outcome. An additional objective was to explore whether food hygiene interventions can be integrated into nutrition, health and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) strategies and programmes in Nepal. Methods: The theoretical and practical approach of Behaviour Centred Designed was employed. In step-A: Assess, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify sectoral knowledge and programmatic gaps on food hygiene and sectoral policy documents analysis was done as part of gray literature review to ascertain whether food hygiene interventions can be integrated into Nepal’s health, WASH and nutrition programming. In step-B: Build, formative research was carried out to identify and prioritise key food hygiene behaviours, and inform the intervention design. In step-C: Create, a scalable food hygiene intervention package was designed and tested using a novel approach to behaviour change employing emotional drivers and changing behaviour settings. In Step-D, the intervention was Delivered by female food hygiene motivators in four intervention clusters over a period of three months while four clusters acted as a control group in a rural area of Nepal. In Step E: Evaluate, a Cluster Randomized, Before-After study with Control (BAC) was employed. Behavioural outcomes were measured before and after the intervention in 239 households with a child aged 6-59 months in four intervention and four control clusters. The microbiological contamination in commonly-used child foods was measured in a sub-sample of 80 households. Results: Systematic review identified the need for research into improving food hygiene behaviour to reduce contamination in food and improve health outcomes in low-income settings. Nepal’s policy environment can enable the integration of food hygiene promotion within ongoing WASH, nutrition and health programmes. Five key food hygiene risk behaviours were prioritized, and likely determinants of behaviour change were identified through formative research. The motivational and creative food hygiene intervention package was designed and delivered in community settings. The intervention was effective in significantly improving multiple food hygiene behaviours. The 5 targeted food hygiene 4 behaviours were rare at baseline. Forty five days after the 3 months intervention, key behaviours were more common in the intervention group than in the control group (43% [SD14] vs. 2% [SD 2], p=0.02). The difference of differences was an increase in mean proportion of 42% (p=0.02). The intervention appeared to be equally effective in improving all five behaviours and in all intervention clusters. Commonly-used child foods from the intervention and control clusters were heavily contaminated with total coliforms and E. coli during child feeding at baseline and the behavioural intervention was effective in significantly reducing the contamination in the intervention group during follow-up. After adjusting for baseline, the intervention reduces the mean coliform count by -2.00 log10 cfu/gm (p=0.020) and E. coli by -1.00 log10 cfu/gm (p=0.083). Contamination in water was low as compared to food at baseline and did not improve after the intervention. Conclusion: This systematic approach employing emotional drivers and change in behavioural settings substantially altered multiple food hygiene behaviours and reduced microbial contamination in commonly-used child food in Nepal. Ingestion of microbes by children can only be eliminated if the food hygiene intervention deals with all key behaviours. This study responds to an important evidence gap. Current evidence, to which this study has contributed , is sufficient to merit prioritisation of food hygiene by those concerned with designing more effective WASH, health and nutrition programmes. The work suggests that interventions on food hygiene should have a higher priority than those on water treatment, which is not currently the case in development projects. The BCD approach provided a theory of change and a useful process framework for the design, delivery and evaluation of the intervention. Additional research is needed to test the impact of such interventions on both behaviour and health outcomes. Further tests would help to determine if the intervention can be replicated in diverse settings and at large scale and so add value to existing programmatic responses to poor WASH and undernutrition. The implementation of a tested food hygiene package through a scalable pilot was identified as a next step towards demonstrating the delivery of hygiene interventions through existing service delivery mechanisms in Nepal.

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Jönsson, Birgitta. "Behavioural Medicine Perspectives for Change and Prediction of Oral Hygiene Behaviour : Development and Evaluation of an Individually Tailored Oral Health Educational Program." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111546.

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This thesis is about a behavioural medicine approach in periodontal treatment and oral hygiene self-care. The aim of this thesis was to develop, describe, and evaluate an individually tailored oral health educational program on oral hygiene behaviour and non-surgical periodontal treatment success, and to determine factors of importance for predicting oral hygiene behaviour. Two separate studies, both conducted at a specialist clinic for periodontics in a Swedish county council are described. In the first study, the program was developed and described in two experimental single-case studies with multiple baseline designs (Paper I). The second study was a randomised controlled single-blinded trial [n = 113, mean age 51.2, 53% female] in which, the effectiveness of the program was compared with standard treatment on oral hygiene habits, plaque control, and gingivitis (Paper II), periodontal status (Paper III), and attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy (Paper IV). The tailored oral health educational program included a motivational interviewing method and cognitive behavioural techniques, and the individual tailoring for each participant was based on participants’ thoughts and cognitions, intermediate and long-term goals, and oral health status. Participants in the individually tailored program reported higher frequency of daily interdental cleaning and were more confident about maintaining the attained level of behaviour change, had better oral hygiene, and healthier gingival tissue, particularly interproximally. There was a great reduction in periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing scores (BoP) for participants in both programs with a greater reduction in BoP scores in the tailored-treatment group. A lower dental plaque score at treatment start increased the predicted probability of attaining treatment success, and self-efficacy towards interdental cleaning predicted oral hygiene behaviour. These studies demonstrate an individually tailored oral health education program is preferable to standard program as an oral hygiene behaviour change interventions in non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Behavioural medicine perspectives for change and prediction of oral hygiene behaviour

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Griffiths, John H. "Verbal regulation of behaviour in children : establishing effective dental care." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357889.

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Davison, Jenny. "An investigation into the factors influencing toothbrushing behaviour amongst schoolchildren: an application of the theory of planned behaviour." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650086.

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Northern Ireland (NI) has the poorest levels of oral health in the United Kingdom (UK) with its children having the highest levels of tooth decay in Europe (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety; DHSSPS, 2007). The Oral Health Strategy for Northern Ireland (DHSSPS, 2007) emphasises the need to address these problems, yet there is a lack of research investigating the determinants of young people's toothbrushing behaviour. This study sought to address this research gap by investigating young peoples attitudes and motivations for brushing their teeth. To achieve this aim a mixed-methods sequential research design was employed, with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) providing the theoretical framework for each of the research stages. In stage one, an elicitation study adopting focus group methodology was conducted to elicit the modal salient beliefs of the target behaviour. These beliefs were then used to inform the development of items contained within the TPB questionnaire. In stage two, the research sought to confirm suitability of the questionnaire measure for use with the target group, schoolchildren aged 9-10 years. Test-retest methodology was employed to explore the psychometric properties of each scale. In stage three, the study investigated the theoretical factors influencing toothbrushing intentions and behaviour among 867 schoolchildren. Participation in the research study was recruited using randomised and stratified sampling techniques. Overall, the findings provide support for the theoretical model of the TPB and highlight the key theoretical constructs in predicting intentions to brush teeth among schoolchildren, namely self-efficacy, attitude and subjective norm. They have also elucidated the relative importance of the factors that are influential in affecting childrens motivations and decisions to brush their teeth. Furthermore, the study has highlighted the important contribution of other variables affecting childrens toothbrushing behaviour such as, various risk factors can impinge upon their toothbrushing routine, including tiredness, laziness, memory and issues related to resources (e.g. types of toothpaste and texture of toothbrush). This study undoubtedly provides support for the theoretical model of the TPB. The questionnaire measure was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing toothbrushing beliefs of schoolchildren, suggesting that the theory is applicable for use with a child population. The findings from this study could be of use to those interested in designing interventions to reduce Nl's oral health problem and given the theoretical framework, identify those factors which influence toothbrushing behaviour amongst a particularly at-risk group. It is hoped that the research will make a valid contribution to the TPB-based literature and also serve as a possible framework for other health psychologists interested in this topic.

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Sugita, Eri Woods. "Domestic water use, hygiene behavior, and children's diarrhea in rural Uganda." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004375.

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Steele, Matthew Stephen. "Male microbicides, genital hygiene, and HIV risk behavior among Kenyan men /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6434.

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Servigne, Pablo. "Etude expérimentale et comparative de la myrmécochorie: le cas de la fourmis dispersatrices Lasius niger et Myrmica rubra." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210435.

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Ce travail porte sur la dispersion des graines par les fourmis et se divise en deux parties :l’une expérimentale (Chapitres 1, 2 & 3) et l’autre synthétique (Chapitres 4 & 5). L’approche expérimentale a consisté en une exploration en conditions de laboratoire des comportements des fourmis à deux étapes du processus de myrmécochorie: à la source de graines et dans le nid. Des graines des plantes myrmécochores Viola odorata et Chelidonium majus ont été présentées aux fourmis Lasius niger et Myrmica rubra. Chaque étape de la séquence myrmécochorique a généré une variabilité des comportements propre à chacun des quatre couples fourmis-graines.

L’élaiosome n’attire pas les fourmis à distance. Les fourmis suivent toujours la même séquence de comportements :antennation, manipulation et prise des graines. Le nombre d’antennations et de manipulations avant la prise de graines peut être considéré comme un indicateur de l’« hésitation » des fourmis à prendre les graines. L’espèce à tendance carnivore Myrmica rubra a été plus rapide et efficace dans la prise de graines que l’espèce éleveuse de pucerons Lasius niger. Parallèlement, les fourmis ont moins antenné, moins manipulé et plus pris de graines de Chelidonium majus, ce qui montre un intérêt particulier pour cette espèce. Un jour après l’expérience, toutes les graines des deux espèces se trouvaient dans les déchets à l’extérieur du nid, avec au moins la moitié des élaiosomes consommés (Chapitre 1).

Lors du passage des graines à l’intérieur du nid, les fourmis Myrmica rubra ont également montré une capacité à traiter les graines rapidement, en montrant une dynamique d’arrachage de l’élaiosome et de rejet des graines hors du nid plus rapide. Le taux d’arrachage de l’élaiosome a été influencé par l’espèce de graine, plus important pour les graines de Chelidonium majus. Nous avons montré qu’une proportion variable de graines rapportées au nid (moins de la moitié) étaient déposées directement au contact des larves, les autres étant traitées ailleurs par les ouvrières ou laissées temporairement à l’abandon dans le nid. Par ailleurs, les dynamiques de rejet des items hors du nid ont curieusement été peu influencées par l’espèce de graine. Pour une graine, le fait de ne plus avoir d’élaiosome diminue le nombre moyen d’ouvrières qui la contacte simultanément. Parallèlement, même si la réponse n’est pas de type « tout ou rien », l’absence d’élaiosome accroit aussi la probabilité qu’une graine a d’être rejetée. (Chapitre 2).

Nous avons isolé expérimentalement le paramètre de dessiccation des graines afin mesurer son influence sur le taux de prises. La dessiccation progressive des graines réduit les taux de prises par les fourmis Myrmica rubra. La réhydratation des mêmes graines leur permet de retrouver une attractivité et donc une valeur fonctionnelle prolongée. Les graines de Viola odorata perdent presque toute attractivité après 4 jours de dessiccation et leur réhydratation ne rétabli que faiblement leur attractivité. A l’inverse, les graines de Chelidonium majus gardent un tiers de leur attractivité après un mois de dessiccation et leur réhydratation restaure presque entièrement leur attractivité (Chapitre 3).

La synthèse bibliographique a permis de dresser un aperçu des principales caractéristiques des fourmis dispersatrices de graines myrmécochores. Certains traits « généralistes » rendent les rencontres entre fourmis et graines très probables :leur ubiquité et diversité taxonomique, leur régime alimentaire omnivore, et leur fourragement « diffus » et opportuniste. Les fourmis possèdent des traits qui les rendent uniques par rapport aux autres insectes :le fourragement au sol, la capacité à transporter de la nourriture, ainsi que la nidification. Certains traits des fourmis ont une influence considérable sur la dispersion des graines :leur taille, les préférences de régime alimentaire, la phénologie, la capacité d’apprentissage et la fréquence de déménagement des nids. Nous développons également l’hypothèse que la rapidité et l’efficacité du traitement des graines par les fourmis seraient une conséquence d’un comportement hygiénique des fourmis à tendance carnivore, habituées à gérer des proies périssables (Chapitre 4).

Nous avons dressé pour la première fois une liste des espèces de plantes myrmécochores et potentiellement myrmécochores des régions d’Europe tempérée (260 spp.). Nous montrons que ces dernières sont majoritairement herbacées, et ont tendance à fleurir plus précocement que les autres espèces. La proportion de graines myrmécochores comprises entre 1 et 3 mm et entre 0,6 et 10 mg est plus importante que dans le reste de la flore (Chapitre 5).

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This study concerns seed dispersal by ants and is divided in two parts: one experimental (chapters 1, 2 & 3), and one synthetic (chapters 4 & 5).

Experimental work consisted in a series of laboratory experiments, in which ant behaviour was studied at two stages of the dispersal process: at the seed source and inside the nest. Seeds of the myrmecochorous plants Viola odorata and Chelidonium majus were presented to two ant species: Lasius niger and Myrmica rubra. Each stage of the myrmecochory sequence generated a variability of behaviours for each of the four ant-seed pairs.

The elaiosomedo not attract seed at a distance. Ants followed always the same behavioural sequence: antennations, manipulations, and removal. The number of antennations and manipulations before removal can be considered as a measure of ants’ “hesitation” to remove seeds. The carnivorous species Myrmica rubra was faster and more efficient at taking seeds than the aphid-tending Lasius niger. At the same time, ants antennated and manipulated less Chelidonium majus seeds, which shows a particular interest for this seed species. One day after the experiment, all seeds of both species were located outside the nest in the refuse piles. At least half of their elaiosomes had been consumed (chapter 1).

Inside the nest, Myrmica rubra also showed a great ability to treat seeds quickly, i.e. quicker dynamics of elaiosome removal and seed rejection outside the nest. Elaiosome removal rates were influenced by seed species (higher for Chelidonium majus). We showed that a variable proportion of seeds (less than half) was directly deposited in contact with larvae. The rest of the seeds were handled elsewhere by workers, or left temporarily unattended in the nest. Dynamics of seed rejection outside the nest were curiously little influenced by the seed species. For a seed, to loose the elaiosome decreased the number of workers manipulating it. At the same time, even if the rejection response is not automatic, the absence of elaiosome increases the probability for a seed to be rejected (Chapter 2).

We isolated the desiccation parameter in order to measure its influence on seed removal rates. Progressive seed desiccation reduced Myrmica rubra removal rates. Rehydration of the same seeds restored their attractiveness, thereby prolonging their functional life. Viola odorata seeds lost almost all their attractiveness after 4 days of desiccation, and rehydration only restored a reduced part of their attractiveness. On the contrary, Chelidonium majus seeds kept one third of their attractiveness after one month of desiccation, and recovered almost all their attractiveness after rehydration (Chapter 3).

The bibliographic review allowed us to compile an outline of the main features of seed-disperser ants. Some generalist features highly increase the probability that ants encounter seeds: their ubiquity and taxonomic diversity, omnivorous diet and their opportunistic “diffuse” foraging. Among insects, ants have unique traits that make them broad dispsersers: ground foraging, the ability to transport items, and nesting behaviour. Some other traits have a great influence on the seed dispersal system: the ant body size, their diet preferences, the phenology of the colony, the learning, and the frequence of nest relocation. We also develop the hypothesis according to which, handling efficiency of ants is a byproduct of hygienic behaviour of carnivorous oriented species, since they are used to manage perishable preys (Chapter 4).

We compiled the first list of myrmecochorous and potentially myrmecochorous plants species of European temperate regions (260 spp.). We show that these plants are mainly herbaceous. They also tend to flower earlier than the whole flora. The proportions of myrmecochorous seeds having a size range between 1 and 3 mm, and a weight range between 0.6 and 10 mg are higher than in the rest of the flora (Chapter 5).

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Wang, Jennifer. "Health care behaviour of Hmong refugees in Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27572.

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The Hmong, a minority group from Laos, began arriving in Australia in 1976, having fled their country after the Pathet Lao (Lao communists) came into power in May, 1975. Little has been written on the Hmong in Australia but one survey conducted in 1987 on the Hmong community in Sydney identified it as socioeconomically disadvantaged (Lee 1987). At the same time, studies from the United States were discovering a significant problem of poor health status and unsatisfactory health care behaviour within various Hmong refugee communities in that country (Bliatout 1988a; Deinard and Dunnigan 1987; Scott 1982; Strand and Jones 1983). This study aims to examine the health care behaviour of Hmong in Sydney, and related socio-economic issues, in part to discover whether Hmong in Sydney exhibit similar health care behaviour and health status to Hmong in the United States. It will therefore both provide basic information on the Hmong in Australia, and specifically focus on the health care behaviour of Hmong in Sydney and, secondly, compare this with situations in the United States.

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Dopp, Austin. "Relative Effects of Sleep Hygiene Behavior and Physical Exercise on Sleep Quality." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6837.

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Numerous studies have shown the relationship between sleep and overall health. A common measure of sleep is sleep quality which has been shown to be influenced by a variety of factors such as physical activity, diet, stress, social engagement, cognitive stimulating, and sleep hygiene behaviors. Data was analyzed from a previous study to determine whether trying to change one’s sleep would improve sleep quality and if this was more effective than physical exercise. A group of 104 individuals, randomized to the treatment group, were asked to log their daily activities, via smartphone app, within these six behavioral domains for six months. Behavioral change scores were computed as the difference between six-month behavioral level and baseline behavioral level, for each of the six domains. Factor analysis that revealed that two latent factors explained the majority of the variance in behavioral change, with a "Physical Body Related behavior change” factor ("Physical") and a "Mental/Emotional" behavior change factor ("Mental"). In linear regression models, Physical significantly predicted sleep quality improvement over the six months (p=.029), but Mental did not (p=.606). In the middle aged adults in this study, the behavioral change pattern of increasing diet quality and physical activity, significantly predicted improvements in sleep quality. While efforts to improve one's cognitive and emotional well-being were not found to predict to sleep improvement, they still may be important for cognitive health overall. This information can prove useful as different interventions and programs are implemented to improve sleep in the population.

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Waterkeyn, Juliet Anne Virginia. "Cost-effective health promotion and hygiene behaviour change through community health clubs in Zimbabwe." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682348/.

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Although safe sanitation and hygiene is critical for improving family health, rural communities in Sub Saharan Africa have shown little inclination to change their traditional behaviour, and sanitation coverage has now dropped to 47% (Cairncross 2003). With the Millennium Development Goals seeking to halve the 2.4 billion people without sanitation by the year 2015, there is an urgent need to find cost-effective health promotion strategies that will actively engage rural householders in modifying risky hygiene behaviour. This thesis evaluates an approach, developed over the past ten years in Zimbabwe, in which Community Health Clubs have successfully galvanised rural communities into active behaviour change leading to a strong demand for sanitation. In Tsholotsho District, after six months of weekly hygiene promotion sessions, at the cost of US 35c per beneficiary, good health knowledge of nine different topics was 47% higher in the intervention than for the control, and latrine coverage rose to 43% contrasted to 2% in the control area, with the remaining 57% members without latrines practicing faecal burial, a method previously unknown (p>0.0001). Spot observations of 736 Health Club households in two districts was contrasted to 172 in a control group, and showed highly significant changes in 17 key hygiene practices (p>0.0001) including hand washing. The study demonstrates that if a strong community structure is developed and the norms of a community are altered by peer pressure from a cyclical to linear world view, hygiene behaviour change will ensue and a demand for sanitation can be created. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1954) is adapted to a rural context to analyse the qualitative data, providing some insight into the socio-cultural mechanisms at work. Despite adverse socio-economic conditions in Zimbabwe over the past five years, Health Clubs have flourished, providing a sustainable and cost-effective case study.

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Zhang, Yan, and 张琰. "Relationship between family members' oral health behaviours andstatus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662284.

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Introduction: Oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases in Hong Kong. Family as a basic societal unit has an important role to play in shaping the individual member’s behaviours and health status. However, most dental research studies focus on modifiable risk factors of individuals rather than those of a family. Objectives: 1. to describe the oral health behaviours and oral health status of family members in a selected sample of families in Hong Kong; 2. to assess the relationships between oral health behaviours and oral health status amongst the family members; 3. to assess the influence of socio-economic factors, lifestyle factors and oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural factors on oral health status of the spouses; and 4. to assess the influence of parental factors on the child’s oral health behaviours and status. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a combination of a random household and a purposive sampling was conducted. The study population was 5 to 7-year-old children and their parents in Hong Kong. A clinical examination and a questionnaire survey were conducted on the core family members (parents and children) of the recruited families. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized multivariate models which tried to investigate the complex relationships among different risk factors and oral health status. Results: A total of 432 families with targeted children, 373 fathers and 424 mothers were recruited. The mean DMFT/dmft score of the father, the mother, and their children were 7.2, 6.2, and 2.6, respectively. Around half (52%) of the fathers and one-third (35%) of the mothers had periodontal probing pocket(s) deeper than 3mm. In the structural equation models, strong positive correlations were found between the oral health behaviours of fathers and mothers (∅=0.98, p<0.05), mothers and children (∅=0.79, p<0.05), and fathers and children (∅=0.74, p<0.05). Positive correlations were also found between the oral health status of fathers and mothers (∅=0.43, p<0.05), mothers and children (∅=0.33, p<0.05), and fathers and children (∅=0.30, p<0.05). Fathers’ oral health status was directly affected by their oral health behaviours and smoking habit, and indirectly affected by their socio-economic status and oral health knowledge and attitudes. The explained variance of fathers’ oral health status was 47%. The mothers’ oral health status was only directly affected by their oral health behaviours and indirectly by their socio-economic status and oral health knowledge and attitudes. The explained variance of mothers’ oral health status was 53%. Children’s oral health status was only directly affected by their oral health behaviours and indirectly by their mother’s socio-economic status, mother’s oral health knowledge and attitudes, and mother’s oral health behaviours. The explained variance of children’s oral health status was 26%. Conclusion: Oral health behaviours and status are correlated among family members. Children’s oral health status is affected by their oral health behaviours, which may be affected by parents’ socio-economic status, oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.
published_or_final_version
Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Kirkland, Denise. "Researching strategies for risk reduction in sexual behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192779/.

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This thesis is based in two parallel strands of research. The first is an exploration of the theoretical distinctions between two competing paradigms dominant in sexual health research: social cognition models and discourse theory. The second is an exploration of the practical use of a discourse theoretical approach to research accounts from people in the forty-something' age bracket about their experience of developing new sexually intimate relationships. Some developments in connectionist theory are used to explore some possible distinctions between implicit and explicit knowledge. These distinctions are then used to explore the scope of the two paradigms and, drawing on findings from the practical research, to discuss some implications for sexual health research and intervention.

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Roden, Janet, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences, and School of Applied Social and Human Sciences. "The role of families in promoting health behaviours in their preschool aged children." THESIS_CSHS_ASH_Roden_J.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/753.

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This thesis explores parental health behaviours in order to develop a questionnaire which will measure the health behaviours of parents. It does so in a triangulated study by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The aims of the qualitative study were to explore parents’ concepts of health and the health behaviours they initiate for their preschool aged children and examine the relationship between parents’ health concepts and the health behaviours they undertake for their children. The aims of the quantitative study were that the health concepts of wellness, health promotion and illness prevention, identified by these parents, were measured. In line with the major research aims of the second quantitative study the emerging theory from the inductive exploration of parents’ health and their health behaviour and the health literature formed the basis for the construction of a questionnaire which contained health domains of wellness, health promotion and illness prevention and their clusters
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Hayden, Timothy Thuy Tran Thi Phuong. "Hygiene behaviours of caregivers and risks for disease transmission to infants within Bohol households /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19494.pdf.

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De, Souza Hebe Winifred. "Behaviour change through education in adult people with diabetes with regards to their footcare." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36592/1/36592_De%20Souza_1998.pdf.

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Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that lasts a life time and can damage a person's feet. Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to the chronic complications of macrovascular disease and peripheral neuropathy in the feet. Neglect of feet that have these complications can result in the serious consequences of ulceration, infection, gangrene and amputation. The medical, rehabilitation and direct hospital costs due to diabetes are considered to be high. Current literature documents evidence that a significant number of lower limb amputations caused by diabetes can be prevented. Foot problems that are the result of minor trauma have been found to be one of the major causes of lower limb amputations in people with diabetes. Minor trauma can be avoided if people with diabetes practise appropriate footcare procedures. The high costs and the preventable nature of lower limb amputations are good reasons to educate people to practice appropriate footcare. In recent years there has been a strong move to implement diabetes education programs that actively encourage people with diabetes to manage their condition and their footcare. The type of education modes used have ranged from individual counselling to group education programs. Evaluation of diabetes education programs have focused mainly on improvement in knowledge about diabetes with some attention on changes in behaviour as shown by improved blood sugar levels and weight loss. There has been minimal evaluation based on changes in behaviour concerning footcare. Furthermore, the use of learning techniques that advance the impact of learning and induce behaviour change towards improved self-care have not been considered. This research study examined one diabetic footcare progran1 that targeted adult people with diabetes. The education format incorporated adult learning techniques that were aimed at facilitating changes in behaviour towards compliance with the prescribed regime of footcare for people with diabetes. The objective of the study was to evaluate the footcare education component of the diabetes education program by identifying the number of subjects who changed their footcare practices after the education program. The footcare practices studied were (a) daily checking of feet, (b) drying the skin between the toes and ( c) daily checking of shoes. Adult learning techniques were assessed to decide if they were influential in facilitating behaviour change. Reasons for, and obstacles that prevented, behaviour change were sought to give more indepth information regarding the effectiveness of the footcare education. The results showed that a minimum of 68% of subjects showed an improvement in compliance with all three behaviours after the footcare education program. The compliance rate for the behaviour of drying the skin between the toes was particularly high (almost 93%). The easy access to relevant information, recognition that footcare is part of normal hygiene and the knowledge that lower limb amputations are preventable with appropriate care were all reasons cited for the increased compliance with the prescribed behaviours. The support found in group education, the fun atmosphere and the use of educational tools were all found to facilitate compliance. Individual foot assessments were also identified as an effective learning tool. Diabetic footcare education programs that follow a similar format are recommended.

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McHattie, Lorna W. "The impact of interventions on food hygiene knowledge and behaviour of social care staff and managers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU199940.

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This was a multi-disciplinary thesis to examine the impact of current interventions (health education material, training, HACCP and inspection) on food hygiene knowledge and behaviour in social care organisations (SCOs), reviewing current practice and recommending the most effective food hygiene intervention. A systematic review identified and critically appraised the evidence for the effectiveness of current food hygiene interventions. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were employed, such as structured and semi-structured postal questionnaires, focus groups of stakeholders and follow-up telephone interviews, to investigate the food hygiene knowledge and behaviour of SCO staff and managers. The systematic review found that many interventions are not based on epidemiological evidence of the main causative factors associated with food-borne disease, or designed to change behaviour and as a result their effect is limited. Although food hygiene training of managers in SCOs is of a lower level than staff, critical control points are recorded in over 80% of workplaces. Following a review of health promotion theories, no single intervention resulted in effective behavioural change to safer food safety practices. All interventions should be evidence and competence based. Improved teaching of theoretical models and closer collaboration between practitioners and academics is recommended to achieve more effective interventions, and research using robust study designs.

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Bull, Leah Elizabeth. "Self-injurious behaviour in people with Prader-Willi syndrome." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6147/.

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Volume one contains a systematic literature review, an empirical chapter and a public domain briefing. The review explored the phenomenology of skin picking (a self-injurious behaviour) in people with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). A number of characteristics were well described with some areas of limited research, e.g. frequency and duration. Skin picking in people with PWS and in the typically developing population was compared showing that there were more similarities than differences. The empirical chapter further explored the phenomenology of skin picking in people with PWS and associated management techniques by using a semi-structured interview. Informants reported on the age of onset, frequency and duration of skin picking, type of skin picked, damage caused, antecedents and the influence of pain. The most common management strategy used by parents and carers was distraction and the majority of participants with PWS did not have their own management strategy to try to reduce skin picking. Results of both chapters are discussed within the context of previous research and the clinical implications are considered. Volume two contains five clinical practice reports conducted at various mental health services; a models essay, a service evaluation, a single case experimental design and two case studies.

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Wright, Thomas. "Nutritional programming of behaviour in the rat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12574/.

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Epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing rapidly in both developed and developing countries. Against this background it is important to determine the effects of obesity upon health and well-being. Defining the impact of obesity upon behaviour lies within the scope of such studies. It is known that variation in the maternal diet during early sensitive periods of development can programme risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Although the effect of maternal obesity and/ or obesogenic diet throughout pregnancy and lactation on a wide range of physiological systems in rats is well documented, the effect of such manipulations on behaviour is yet to be elucidated in detail. The initial aim of the present thesis was to use a rat model to investigate the relative contribution of maternal obesity induced by a hyperenergetic cafeteria diet (CD) prior to pregnancy and/or maternal exposure to the CD during pregnancy and lactation, on anxiety and exploratory behaviour in adult offspring. Despite all of the maternal feeding periods having some contribution to offspring behaviour, the lactation period appeared to be the most important, with maternal CD having an anxiolytic effect in offspring exposed to the elevated plus maze and open field paradigm. It was hypothesized that maternal exposure to CD during lactation would also impact upon appetite related behaviour and performance on behavioural measures of learning and memory in adult offspring. Maternal CD during the lactation period altered feeding behaviour as measured by the behavioural satiety sequence in adult offspring of both sexes. The structural integrity of feeding behaviour was grossly perturbed in female offspring, with a significant delay in the onset of satiety. Maternal CD during lactation enhanced memory performance on a novel object discrimination paradigm in male offspring, but reduced performance of females. CD feeding during lactation increased both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) concentration and reduced 5-HT turnover in the hypothalamus, but not the hippocampus or the frontal cortex, in both male and female offspring. The findings outlined in the present thesis demonstrate for the first time that maternal exposure to an obesogenic diet during early sensitive periods of development can programme a range of behaviours in adult offspring of both sexes.

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Govella, Nicodem. "Monitoring malaria vector densities and behaviours in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3153/.

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Malaria remains the most important parasite-related public health problem globally, with the majority of burden occurring in sub Saharan Africa. Increased political and financial support has resulted in rapid scale up of malaria prevention measures, so that disease burden has been substantially reduced in many African countries. However, behavioural change by malaria vector populations, so that a greater proportion of human exposure to bites occurs outdoors, threatens to undermine the impact of malaria control with existing front line interventions such as insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoors residual spraying (IRS) because both act indoors. Also, progress towards lower transmission levels poses substantive entomological monitoring challenges because most standard methods fail to detect low levels of vector density and malaria transmission. The overall goal of this study was to enhance understanding of the potential and limitations of ITNs for reducing malaria transmission by outdoor biting mosquitoes, and to develop a safe, sensitive, practical and effective malaria vector surveillance tool that enables sustained entomologic monitoring of intervention impact. An existing mathematical model was adapted to examine the possibility that ITNs can achieve community suppression of malaria transmission exposure, even when mosquitoes avoid them by feeding on people while they are outdoors. Simulations indicated that ITNs may provide useful levels of community suppression of malaria transmission, even when outdoor biting rates exceed indoor biting rates and slightly more than half of bites occurred at times and places when using ITNs is not feasible. This suggests that ITNs should not be deprioritized as a malaria control tool simply because local vector species prefer to feed outdoors. Nevertheless, complementary interventions that target outdoor- and early-biting mosquitoes should be prioritized, especially for going beyond malaria control to achieve elimination. Cross over and Latin Squares experimental designs were used to compare the sensitivity of multiple trapping techniques for catching malaria vectors, under conditions of both high and low mosquito density, in rural Kilombero and urban Dar es Salaam, respectively. A new tent style trapping device called the Ifakara Tent Trap was successfully developed and proved to be safe and more efficacious than any other commonly used alternative to human landing catch for catching Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the low transmission setting of urban Dar es Salaam. Its sampling efficiency appeared to be independent of vector density in a rural setting with high mosquito abundance but increased as mosquito densities decreased in an urban area of low mosquito density where it exceeded that of HLC at lowest densities. This density- dependence of the trap implies that this tool may have particular potential for monitoring malaria in low transmission settings. It was also demonstrated to be effective when used by unsupervised community members under programmatic conditions and it is currently the only technique used for routine adult mosquito surveillance by the Urban Malaria Control Programme of Dar es Salaam. However, it cannot be used to determine how bites upon humans are distributed between indoor and outdoor exposure components.

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Zafar, Sonia. "Health psychology principles in behaviour change interventions : insights from practice and research." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3669/.

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The overall objective of the study was to identify factors which play a key role in diet and exercise behaviour for migrant and Danish bus drivers in a workplace setting. The aim was to develop a framework to illustrate how the individual, contextual and cultural influences on health behaviour (diet and physical activity) interplay in an everyday perspective. Data was collected using a qualitative approach. Methods applied consisted of contextual based observations and semi structured interviews with sixteen (n=16) bus drivers. Four interviews were conducted with Danish, four with Somali, four with Turkish and four with participants with a Pakistani ethnic origin. The data was analysed using grounded theory. The core category which emerged from the data was „impact of individual, contextual and cultural influences on health behaviours‟. The core category was supported by five higher order categories. These were as follows: (1) Meanings of health (2) health behaviour and the potential to change, (3) Maintaining Balance (4) Workplace influences on health (5) Positioning in the social context. Each of the higher order categories was further supported with categories and sub-categories. The analysis illustrated findings on different levels. As a result of the impact of individual, contextual and cultural findings, strive for balance through a process of equilibrium was core to well-being and health in an everyday perspective. A collection of factors from the different levels of influence played a key role on diet and physical activity in an everyday work-day context. These have been illustrated through the use of quotes and frameworks. Based on the findings of the study, future research and practice recommendations are outlined.

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林煥彩 and Huancai Lin. "Oral health status, knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in Guangdong, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238981.

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Costin, Graham A. "Skeletal health education : effects of an educational intervention on health behaviour and health behaviour indicators of adolescent girls." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Education provides the critical link between the acquisition of knowledge about the determinants of skeletal health and the availability of that knowledge for application by the wider population. Hence it is one strategy with the capacity to reduce the increasing worldwide incidence of skeletal health problems, in particular osteoporosis. An expanding aged population requiring increasing care and support for osteoporosis-induced problems and suffering indicates the need for a concerted response incorporating education. Although osteoporosis is typically associated with old age, the nature of precipitating factors causing bone resorption to exceed that of accretion, and how these factors might be influenced to alter such outcomes are incompletely understood. However, there is increasing evidence, largely from cross-sectional studies, showing that environmental factors such as physical activity and nutrition play a significant role in optimising the genetic potential for the development of peak bone mass. There is also growing speculation that interventions which promote these factors during childhood and adolescence may increase peak bone mass, thus delaying the development of porotic bone. Al though the optimal dose levels for maximising the effects of these factors have yet to be established, there is sufficient evidence to support the manipulation of these factors to enhance bone accumulation. Therefore, the general aim of this thesis was to examine the effects of a skeletal health educational intervention on bone-enhancing lifestyle practices of adolescent girls. A definite association between skeletal health education and the adoption of lifestyle practices regarded as beneficial to bone growth and development had not been established in the literature. Therefore, the project needed to develop an original educational intervention program focused on these practices, prior to implementation and evaluation. Based on Social Cognitive Theory and current health education practice, this program emphasised the adoption of specific health behaviours and the outcomes, therefore, in addition to the intervention outcomes, the implementation process was assessed. Responses to this process were obtained from the adolescent girl participants and the teacher-observers using questionnaires and focus group discussions. The respondents found the program and its application very effective and beneficial. The effect of educational interventions on related interaction between mother /daughter couples who participate in the interventions together has not been established in the literature. Therefore, a small group of mothers and their adolescent daughters participated in a separate implementation of the program. Over the subsequent four weeks, they recorded the nature and frequency of interactions which related to the skeletal health program. This study revealed that joint participation in the program resulted in several forms of cooperative interaction. Although this involved moderate levels of active interaction in physical activity and food organization sessions, the dominant areas were verbal communication and shared eating experiences at meal times. In summary, health behaviours were maintained at or above recommended levels during the intervention and over the subsequent six months. Knowledge and body image satisfaction were the only health behaviour indicators which increased significantly during the intervention and this increase was largely retained six months later. From a curriculum evaluation perspective, the positive results for both the process and outcome measures of the intervention supported its utility. The substantial amount of mother/daughter interaction resulting from their joint participation in the intervention indicates the potential of this such initiatives to enhance educational outcomes,development of the knowledge, attitude, belief and skill indicators of these behaviours. The program was implemented in seven weekly sessions of 45 minutes to 13 year old adolescent girls in two similar girls catholic colleges. The intervention group of 97 girls from three year 8 classes at one college represented the total cohort of that age group. The comparison group comprised one year 8 class of 32 girls from the second college. Data on the health behaviour and health behaviour indicators were collected from this convenience sample of 129 adolescent girls using a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. An examination of results from qualitative and quantitative data revealed differential intervention impacts. No significant intervention effects (P < 0.05) were found for the important bone influencing behaviours of calcium intake, physical activity participation, alcohol consumption, cigarette use and caffeine intake. However, the girls commenced the study with calcium intake and physical activity participation at or above recommended levels, and extremely low drug usage. This pattern of behaviour was maintained throughout the study. The health behaviour indicator results revealed that the intervention girls acquired significantly more skeletal health knowledge than their comparison group (P < 0.001) and that this knowledge was largely retained over the following six months. This finding suggests that the intervention was very effective in establishing knowledge needed as a foundation for any further skeletal health initiatives. Body image satisfaction also increased significantly (P < 0.05) and much of this increase was retained six months later. However, when an importance dimension was added to this measure of satisfaction, the significant, between-group difference was not sustained. Self-efficacy for physical activity and for sensible eating did not show significant between-group differences. Similarly changes in the expected outcomes and perceived barriers for these behaviours did not vary significantly between the two groups of girls.

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Sohani, Armin, and Tarek Fahmy. "The impact of a pandemic on brand preference in purchasing decisions of food and hygiene products: a COVID-19 perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20741.

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The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 pandemic has surpassed all the expectations. Nations closed their boarders; the economy is going into recession and the whole world is suffering from the emerged pandemic. Although the effects of the pandemic economically and socially can be measured and estimated, thought the changes in the buying behaviour of customers is not easily predicted. As hygiene products demand went up and supply went down causing panic hoarding by some of the consumers. It became interesting for the researchers to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the brand preferences in purchasing decisions for hygiene and food products. As a result, the main purpose of this master thesis is to broaden the scope of consumer behaviour as a field by adding a complementary empirical perspective to the current literature on how a pandemic affects brand preference in purchasing behaviour, since it is a topic lacking in empirical research. Furthermore, based on the branding theory and the consumer behaviour theory, the PMO model was built, which provided the bases for collecting empirical data needed for this dissertation. This dissertation was conducted using a qualitative approach with an abductive reasoning. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Swedish customers. The findings indicated aspects of price, quality, risk and loyalty became tied to the pandemic in the context of the health aspect of the COVID-19 virus. While there were not much indicating large shifts in preferred brands, there were large changes in health consciousness and qualitative demands on brands due to the pandemic affecting brand preference.

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Weiss, Teresa K. "The relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior among adolescents." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1409588.

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The purposes of this project were to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of adolescents, and to determine what relationship, if any, exists between nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior. A newly-developed 25-question nutrition knowledge survey was used to measure general nutrition knowledge among 287 seventh grade students in Newburgh, Indiana. Dietary behavior scores were determined by rating choices purchased in the school cafeteria over one week as to whether or not they met the Indiana S.B. 0111's definition of a "better choice" food. Results indicated low levels of nutrition knowledge (mean score 48.5%). Girls score significantly higher on the nutrition knowledge survey than did boys (51% versus 48%). The average dietary behavior score of seventh grade students was 73.8% (an average of 7.8 `better choice' foods out of every 11.4 total foods purchased over one week period). No significant relationship was found between the score on the nutrition knowledge test and the dietary behavior score (r = .06, NS). When a linear regression analysis was performed, nutrition knowledge was a more important predictor of dietary behavior than either gender or race.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

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Whitby, Robert Michael Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Why healthcare workers don't wash their hands: a behavioural explanation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44959.

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Hand-washing compliance was examined by thematic analysis of focus group discussions in nurses, mothers and children. Perceptions in these groups were identical, with the purpose of hand-cleansing seen as self-protection from infection. This assessment is not grounded in microbiology, but is strongly driven by emotion. Two types of hand-cleansing (???hand-hygiene???) behaviour were identified: (a) ???inherent??? hand-washing. This behaviour is taught by mothers to their children early in life. The behaviour occurs when hands have been visibly or ???emotionally??? soiled or feel sticky, and drives most hand-hygiene undertaken in the community; and (b) ???elective??? hand-hygiene, which occurs in the absence of perceived threat. As patient contact by healthcare workers is frequently assessed by healthcare workers as not posing risk, healthcare workers omit much elective hand-hygiene, leading to potential cross-infection. Modelling responses of 754 nurses on the Theory of Planned Behaviour for these two hand-hygiene behaviours in the healthcare setting explained 64% of elective hand-hygiene and 76% of inherent hand-washing intention. Translation of hand-washing behaviour patterns of the community into the healthcare setting is the predominant driver of all hand-hygiene in healthcare workers. In-hospital elective hand-hygiene behaviour is further significantly predicted by belief in the benefit from the activity, peer pressure and role modelling of senior physicians and administrators. For inherent hand-washing intent, only attitudes and peer behaviour are predictive. Time constraints, commonly implicated to explain poor compliance, are important mostly to elective hand-hygiene. Reduction in necessary effort by introducing an alcohol-based hand rub without a concomitant behavioural modification program will therefore have only minimal impact. Further components essential to hand-hygiene programs have been identified. These accord with the outcomes of the modelling and include the need for institutional recognition of hand-hygiene as a priority, overt clinician leadership support, and reinforcement of purpose by both education and performance feedback. In the long-term, society would be best served by altering the entire paradigm of hand-hygiene behaviour with nationwide campaigns based on principles of social marketing. Ideally, hand-hygiene should be taught by mothers and reinforced in early education programs as behaviour that is self-protective but with the defining theme: ???clean your hands, and protect others, not just yourself.???

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Konicki, Tara. "The Effect of Simulation on Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors of Nursing Students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396532932.

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Campbell, John P. "Behavioural adjuvants to vaccination." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/830/.

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This thesis investigated the effects of acute eccentric exercise on the immune response to vaccination in young humans. Study one investigated whether the efficacy of the eccentric exercise intervention was affected by manipulating the timings of exercise prior to influenza vaccination. Three exercise groups were vaccinated immediately, 6 hr or 48 hr after exercise and antibody responses at 28 days post-vaccination were compared to those from a resting control group. All participants exhibited robust antibody responses to the vaccine and no effect of exercise was observed; therefore, it was not possible to determine the effects of exercise timing on vaccine responses. Study two investigated whether the antibody response to influenza vaccination was influenced by the intensity of eccentric exercise. Three groups exercised at an intensity eliciting 60%, 85% or 110% of one repetition maximum, and the antibody responses at 28 days post-vaccination were compared to those from a resting control group. In the exercise groups, both men and women showed enhanced antibody responses against the B/Florida strain, and men had enhanced responses against A/Uruguay, in comparison to resting controls. In both cases, the control group exhibited poorer responses against these strains, but no effect of exercise intensity was observed. Study three investigated whether the site of vaccine administration affected the efficacy of the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination following eccentric exercise. The antibody seroconversion rate to the vaccine was low (approx. 5 %), and thus, further analysis between exercise and control participants was not feasible. In sum, supporting previous research, it appears that acute eccentric exercise can enhance the immune response to poorly immunogenic strains of influenza, but research is needed to establish if exercise can enhance other poorly immunogenic vaccines, or vaccine responses in the immuno-compromised.

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Etheridge-Criswell, Sarah M. "Identifying Cultural Themes in a Shared Experience of Water Hygiene Education Partners." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1599.

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Lack of safe drinking water and lack of water hygiene literacy contribute to a large disease burden in rural areas of Africa, and children suffer disproportionately more than adults from diarrheal diseases caused by nonpotable water. Research is needed to help merge education and water sanitation to provide more effective methods of preventing diarrheal diseases. The ecological model and hygiene improvement framework were used to guide the study. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the shared experiences of people participating in the water hygiene education program provided by Lifewater International. Lifewater is a nonprofit organization focused on improving access to clean water and increasing water hygiene literacy in rural parts of developing countries. Individual interviews were conducted with six Lifewater program participants, using the Delphi sampling technique. After I transcribed and thematically analyzed data for codes, three main themes were identified that motivated Lifewater partners and members of their community to change behavior: improving their children's health, saving time and money, and being a better Christian. The most meaningful part of participating in the program is that they use the information to improve the lives of those in their communities. In addition to making curricula for the Lifewater organization and its partners more streamlined, if the lessons are more culturally relevant, people are more likely to accept the behavior changes being taught, which can also influence the behavior change. Culturally relevant curriculum could help increase the access to and knowledge of clean water in developing areas, which contributes to the United Nation;s Millennium Development Goals, and thus promotes social change.

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Agwu, Micheal Ezenna. "The health status and lifestyle behaviours of university students in Nigeria by sex and ethnicity." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2014. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3266/.

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Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain sociocultural, sociodemographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation (Dahlgren & Whitehead, 1991). Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interaction of these factors. However, few studies have undertaken such investigation, especially among university students in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the health status and lifestyle behaviours by sex and ethnicity among university students in Nigeria. Method: The study was cross sectional. Full time university students were recruited from six universities within three ethnic groups in Nigeria for the study. Data collection was both subjective and objective. The subjective data was based on an anonymous questionnaire, while the objective data involved direct measurements of height in (m) weight in (kg), and blood pressure (mmHg). Ultimately, 1549 responses were valid, while 563 responses were rejected for various reasons including missing data especially sex and ethnicity. The variables examined were, socio-demographic, general health, mental health, cognitive resources and lifestyle behaviours. Descriptive tests, chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted. Results: Regarding regional characteristics in socioeconomic status, the result indicated sex and ethnicity effects, and irrespective of ethnicity, female students had better monthly income than male students did. The result suggested that students from the Hausa ethnic group reported better monthly income than students from the other ethnic groups. There is evidence that income have a significant effect on health determinant factors. For example, income affects the choice of residential location, ability to pay for health care services, register for gym for physical activity, afford healthy lifestyles, (e.g. eating fruits and vegetables), participate in social activities and maintain positive self- esteem (WHO, 2006; Varela-Mato et al., 2012). With regard to social support, the result indicated sex*ethnicity effects, where female students from the Hausa and Igbo ethnic groups reported better social support than male students, in contrast to the Yoruba ethnic group, where male students reported better social support than females. Students from the Hausa ethnic group saw their GPs more often, had regular medications and had depression more than other ethnic groups. In addition, the result indicated higher prevalence of smoking and the use of psychotic drugs among students from the Hausa ethnic group than other groups. On the other hand, the Yoruba ethnic group had the lowest monthly income, saw their GPs few times and had less frequent medication than the other ethnic groups. In addition, students from the Yoruba ethnic group had low consumption of fruits and are more physically inactive compared to other ethnic groups. Regarding sex characteristics, the study suggested that irrespective of ethnicity female students are less healthy when compared to male students. In addition, significant sex *ethnic interaction effects (P < 0.001) were observed, in most variables examined in the study, indicating that the students health and lifestyles are both sex and ethnicity dependent. The study suggested that female students from the Hausa ethnic group reported better income and social support, compared to students from the other ethnic groups; however, they also reported regular medication, overweight or obesity, mental health problems, and poor cognitive health than female students from Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups. In addition, the Hausa male students’ preferred smaller female body size compared to male students from the other ethnic groups. On the other hand, Igbo female students had a better cognitive health and preferred small female body size than female students from the other ethnic groups. The Yoruba female students are less overweight or obese, but had the highest preference for big female body size and are the least depressed group in the sample. With regard to male students, the result suggested that Igbo male students had regular medication and depression more than other male groups. They also preferred bigger female body size and had better cognitive health than other male groups. On the other hand, Yoruba males reported overweight or obese, than the other male groups. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the health of female students in the sample was poorer than the health of male students; with female students from the Hausa ethnic group, demonstrating the worst possible health outcome. The result also suggested that both high and low socioeconomic statuses are associated with health compromising behaviours among university students in Nigeria. The findings indicated that high cognitive health appraisal might be related to students reporting better mental health especially depression in both male and female students. This study is the first to report that there is an interaction between the different layers of health, in the health determinant model proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991). Secondly, this study has made a major contribution to the understanding that people who live among regions with conflict and violence may report poor health (both physical and mental) compared to those that live in a conflict free zones. Consequently, the results of the present study suggest that conflict and violence be included among the health determinant factors in the health determinant model proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991).

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Cheek, Rita Elaine. "The relationship between sleep hygiene practices and nocturnal sleep for midlife women with and without insomnia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7207.

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Bennett, Carmel. "The relationships between impulsivity, weight, eating behaviour and parental feeding practices in children." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5918/.

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Previous research has indicated that impulsivity is associated with child weight, eating behaviour and some controlling feeding practices and that there are differences in these variables between children with high (including clinically elevated) and low impulsivity levels. Few of these studies have used a range of impulsivity measures to assess this multifaceted concept. This thesis aimed to explore these relationships and differences using a range of parent-report and behavioural impulsivity measures. Three samples of children (2-4-year-olds, 7 -11 -year-olds and 5-15-year-olds) and their parents participated in three studies. Analyses indicated that impulsivity was positively associated with child weight and snack intake (Chapters Three and Five). Links between impulsivity, restriction and pressure to eat were mixed (Chapters Three and Five). Parental monitoring moderated links between impulsivity and food approach behaviour; a lack of monitoring was detrimental to child eating behaviour (Chapter Three). Observations of mealtime behaviours of parent-child dyads in which children had high vs. low impulsivity levels showed that parents of children with high impulsivity levels used more pressure to eat, while their children made more requests for food (Chapter Four). Furthermore, impulsivity, dietary restraint and stress interacted in their effects over snack intake; children high in impulsivity and dietary restraint decreased their intake under stress, while children low in dietary restraint increased their intake under stress (Chapter Six). Finally, parents and their children with and without clinically elevated impulsivity levels differed in eating and feeding behaviours (Chapter Seven). Interesting gender differences emerged throughout and the implications of the results and limitations of the individual studies are discussed in each chapter.

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Wu, Yingyi, and 吴颖怡. "A cross-sectional KAP study on health seeking behavior among lesbians/bisexuals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45174830.

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KOEPPE, JULIE ANN. "A STUDY OF VOCAL HYGIENE PRACTICES IN CLASSICAL VOICE, MUSIC THEATER AND ACTING STUDENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022771222.

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Söderström, Frida. "En sjuksköterskas följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner : En studie utifrån Theory of Planned Behaviour." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18291.

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Background: Nosocomial infections pose a big threat to patient safety and increased costs for society. An effective way of preventing cross-infections is to apply hygiene routines. Studies show that compliance to hygiene routines is low while there's a lack of knowledge about the best way of improving it. Aim: To investigate whether a conversation based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) could influence a nurse's compliance to hygiene routines and whether it could benefit the understanding of a nurse's compliance. Method: A quantitative and qualitative method was used in the study and included one nurse. An observation of his/her daily work at a hospital ward was carried out before and after a conversation which focused on attitude, subjective norm and perceived behaviour control. Main results: Even if compliance was good to start with it improved after the conversation. The nurse's attitude towards hygiene procedures was positive, but heavy workloads and difficulty to access materials could be a barrier. The norm in the ward was, according to the nurse, that hygiene routines were important even if some were less compliant. Conclusion: the use of TPB in a conversation could benefit the understanding of the nurse's compliance. Improvements in daily practices were noticed after the conversation, which could be due to an increased awareness of the need to perform hygiene procedures. No direct conclusions could be drawn from this study because the sample was limited, but the study provides suggestions for further research.

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Homchampa, Pissamai. "Self-care practices among Thai industrial workers : constructing knowledge and perceptions of health and wellness in the factory setting /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035567.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-242). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Hardy, Jean Ann. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF FEMALE URINATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275306.

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Dommestrup, Pierre. "The relationship between collegiate athletic participation and future health and quality of life." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027115.

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This study examined the relationship between former collegiate athletes and former college students who did not participate in intercollegiate athletics to determine if there is any correlation between athletic participation and future health. Two groups of Ball State University faculty (42 former athletes and 32 non-athletes) were selected for this research, and the variables of quality of life and well-being were investigated through the Quality of Life Index and TestWell wellness inventory. Former athletes were found to have a higher level of wellness. Similarly, as a group, athletes were found to have a higher quality of life than former non-athletes. These findings do not support the quality of life findings by Morgan and Montoye (1984).
Fisher Institute for Wellness

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Caldwell, Carol Lewis. "Teachers' perceptions of motivating behaviors of elementary principals an empirical test of Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1992. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9219887.

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Henderson, Marion M. "School effects on adolescent pupils' health behaviours and school process associated with these effects." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8050/.

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Eight schools, located in Scotland were involved in this study. Four different types of data were collected in the following order: first, 183 semi-structured interviews with a range of staff and pupils across the schools, the interviews covering questions relating to health education, promotion and ethos including quality of relationships; second, a school audit of health education and health promotion in all schools; third, Researcher observations for all schools; and, fourth, questionnaire data collected from 446 pupils across the schools. The Health Promoting School (HPS) concept is based on the belief that schools have the potential to influence their students' health and health behaviour through the school's social organisation, culture and physical environment, as well as through the formal curriculum. To date, there is little empirical evidence to test the effectiveness of the HPS, at least evidence that adjusts for known predictors of the behaviours, a standard set by the more advanced area of 'school effects' research on educational outcomes. This thesis will add to that evidence base. The aims of this study have three main components: first, to quantify 'school effects' on a range of pupils' health behaviours comprising current smoking, weekly alcohol drinking, ever tried drugs and physical activity: second, to assess the extent to which the health behaviour profile of schools are related to health promotion activity as evidenced by an audit: third, to select and analyse qualitative data from three case study schools. The purpose of the second and third aims is to investigate the extent to which school processes are associated with 'school effects' on pupils' health behaviours, triangulating data from different methodologies. The questionnaire data indicated that a strong school effect existed for smoking and drinking to a lesser degree, but not for drugs or physical activity. This addressed the first aim of this study and, in addition, provided the means by which three case study schools were selected. These were the two schools with the lowest (added value) and highest odds (lost value) for smoking after adjustment for known predictors of the health behaviours. Plus, a third school which was significantly different from the school with lowest smoking and located in the same town, as this eased interpretation of the results. Relating to the second aim, the pattern of the 'school effects' on smoking were triangulated with data from three different data sources. First, in the audit, higher levels of action on health education and health promotion were associated with lower (adjusted) rates of smoking. Second, the three case study schools were used to explore the Researcher's observations; the school with added value for smoking was rated more highly than the two with lost value. Regarding the third aim, based on qualitative data from a range of staff and pupils, the analysis showed that the school with added value had progressed furthest towards functioning as a whole school, performing best across all the areas explored. These findings theoretically triangulated with the schools low smoking rates according to the HPS concept. These results confirm the importance of school processes on students' health behaviour, particularly smoking, and support a school-wide or "Health Promoting School" approach to improving health behaviours.

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Pitkethly, Amanda Jane. "Examining the role of self-regulated learning in adolescent physical activity behaviour." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/222.

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Introduction Physical activity (PA) engagement is highly beneficial for adolescents and although interventions are shown to be effective, participants often return to former PA levels once the intervention is removed. Adolescents may lack explicit training in psychological and behaviour change skills required to sustain PA behaviour changes, such as self-regulation. SR is a key process in psychological functioning and its failure can result in impulse control problems, such as a tendency not to engage in behaviours that require a delay of gratification such as physical activity. Purpose Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an approach that focusses on how to make improvements through a systematic method of learning how to adapt to ever changing environments, i.e. through planning, self-monitoring, effort, self-efficacy, self-evaluation and reflection. Study 1 examined the effectiveness of studies examining SRL variables in a PA context. Study 2 translated and validated an English language SRL questionnaire to measure SRL in a Chinese adolescent population. Study 3 assessed the contribution of SRL variables to PA in both Chinese and Scottish adolescent samples. In preparation for study 5, study 4 qualitatively assessed Chinese students’ motivation for and engagement in PA. Finally, study 5 taught SRL skills in a PA context with the aim of positively impacting on adolescent PA levels. Methods and Results In study 1 a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The majority of reviewed studies demonstrated a positive effect of SRL variables on PA. The review highlighted a lack of research conducted using SRL theory. Study 2 translated and validated a Chinese version of an SRL questionnaire with 315 (and cross-validated with 480) Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The short SRL-SRS-C was found to be a sufficiently reliable instrument to measure SRL in a Hong Kong Chinese adolescent population. In study 3, a cross-sectional study of 480 Hong Kong and 411 Scottish adolescents was conducted to assess the relationship SRL and physical activity. Results revealed that adolescents from Hong Kong and Scotland do not engage in sufficient PA to achieve the potential health benefits that PA can provide. Significantly more use of self-monitoring, self-evaluation and reflection was associated with significantly higher LTPA in Scottish adolescents. In both samples, SRL was weakly but significantly associated with higher PA, and self-efficacy and reflection played significant roles this SRL-PA relationship. Study 4 conducted two qualitative focus group interviews and found that most Chinese adolescents only engaged in PA during limited physical education classes. Most students were knowledgeable of the health benefits of PA, however, academic pressures and the effort required to overcome PA barriers was too great. Students propose that walking more and felt that novel ways to encourage PA, such as through WhatsApp, were worthwhile. Finally, study 4 used a quasi-experimental design with three groups (total n = 98) Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. Peers modelled SRL skills and the learning was prompted either face-to-face or through Whatsapp. Meaningful, but not significant, mean value increases in PA and SRL were found. SRL was weakly but positive and significantly associated with PA, and reflection emerged as the key SRL component in the SRL-PA relationship. Conclusions SRL and PA are weak, but positive and significantly associated. Importantly, reflection has emerged as a significant predictor of adolescent PA. Adolescents with better SRL and reflective skills may be more aware of their strengths and weaknesses and able to translate this knowledge into future action. Considering that SRL skills are amenable to training, further experimental research should focus on teaching SRL strategies, particularly reflection, and assessing their impact on PA. SRL research in the adolescent PA area is promising but is at an early stage. Therefore, further research is recommended before strong conclusions can be made.

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Woodger, Neil Cameron. "The type A behaviour pattern, sex differences and control in the occupational environment." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141481.

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Bischoff-Seals, Lea. "Relationship between restrained eating behavior and dietary calcium intake among female adolescents." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366297.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of restrained eating behavior on dietary calcium intake in adolescents. Research shows that female adolescents have lower calcium intake then males. Research also suggests that dieting has a negative impact on the dietary intake of several nutrients, including calcium.A random sample of adolescents from physical education and health classes at Muncie Central High School, a mid-western urban public school, participated in this study. Subjects completed one 24 hour food record, a modified three-factor eating questionnaire to assess dietary restraint, and demographic sheet.Of the 85 subjects (females n=60; males n=25) who participated in the study, 65% (n=56) did not meet the dietary calcium recommendations of 1300 mg/day. Among females, 75% (n=45) did not meet calcium recommendations. For males, 44% (n=11) did not meet the daily calcium recommendations. Mean calcium intake for females and males respectively was 1121 ± 939 mg/day and 1632 ±1242 mg/day.Seventy-five percent of all subjects had low to average dietary restraint. A greater percentage of females (17%, n=10; 15%, n=9) than males (4%, n=1; 4%, n=1) were found to have high and clinical levels of dietary restraint. Interestingly, the mean calcium intake for those males and females having clinical levels of dietary restraint did meet calcium recommendations (1403 mg/day and 1341 ± 829 mg/day). For females, the mean calcium intake for both low to average and high dietary restraint did not meet calcium requirements. For males, mean calcium intake among all levels of restraint met the recommendations.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

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Trutnovsky, Gerda. "Health seeking behaviours in a sexual health clinic population." Master's thesis, Faculty of Medicine, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5905.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hygienic behaviour'

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