Journal articles: 'HYDRUS-1D'

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Shelia, Vakhtang, Jirka Šimůnek, Ken Boote, and Gerrit Hoogenbooom. "Coupling DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D for simulations of soil water dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere system." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0055.

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AbstractAccurate estimation of the soil water balance of the soil-plant-atmosphere system is key to determining the availability of water resources and their optimal management. Evapotranspiration and leaching are the main sinks of water from the system affecting soil water status and hence crop yield. The accuracy of soil water content and evapotranspiration simulations affects crop yield simulations as well. DSSAT is a suite of field-scale, process-based crop models to simulate crop growth and development. A “tipping bucket” water balance approach is currently used in DSSAT for soil hydrologic and water redistribution processes. By comparison, HYDRUS-1D is a hydrological model to simulate water flow in soils using numerical solutions of the Richards equation, but its approach to crop-related process modeling is rather limited. Both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D have been widely used and tested in their separate areas of use. The objectives of our study were: (1) to couple HYDRUS-1D with DSSAT to simulate soil water dynamics, crop growth and yield, (2) to evaluate the coupled model using field experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT for different environments, and (3) to compare HYDRUS-1D simulations with those of the tipping bucket approach using the same datasets. Modularity in the software design of both DSSAT and HYDRUS-1D made it easy to couple the two models. The pairing provided the DSSAT interface an ability to use both the tipping bucket and HYDRUS-1D simulation approaches. The two approaches were evaluated in terms of their ability to estimate the soil water balance, especially soil water contents and evapotranspiration rates. Values of thedindex for volumetric water contents were 0.9 and 0.8 for the original and coupled models, respectively. Comparisons of simulations for the pod mass for four soybean and four peanut treatments showed relatively highdindex values for both models (0.94–0.99).

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Anwar, A. H. M. Faisal, and Larissa Chan Thien. "Investigating Leachate Transport at Landfill Site Using HYDRUS-1D." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 10 (2015): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.691.

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Nascimento, Ícaro Vasconcelos do, Raimundo Nonato de Assis Júnior, José Carlos de Araújo, Thiago Leite de Alencar, Alcione Guimarães Freire, Márcio Godofrêdo Rocha Lobato, Cillas Pollicarto da Silva, Jaedson Claúdio Anunciato Mota, and Carla Danielle Vasconcelos do Nascimento. "Estimation of van Genuchten Equation Parameters in Laboratory and through Inverse Modeling with Hydrus-1D." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 3 (February 9, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n3p102.

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Soil water retention curve (SWRC) becomes important because it guides when and how much to irrigate, optimizing the use of water; can be obtained in the field or laboratory, being commonly determined in the laboratory with porous plate apparatus, and the determination is compromised by issues such as time and labor. In this context, inverse modeling emerges, which allows to obtain a variable going from the effect to the cause, using Hydrus-1D. Hence, this study aims to obtain van Genuchten equation parameters through inverse modeling with Hydrus-1D and make the respective comparisons and inferences. Matric potential data were obtained over time in an instantaneous profile-type experiment. Six sets of three tensiometers each were installed surrounding the center of the experimental plot, at depths of 0.20, 0.35 and 0.50 m. Target depth was 0.35 m, where the roots of most crops are concentrated, and the other tensiometers were used to obtain the potential gradient. Matric potential data were used to feed Hydrus-1D and obtain the van Genuchten equation parameters. Laboratory curves were obtained using porous plate apparatus, with four replicates. It was concluded that, in general, the Hydrus-1D model estimates van Genuchten equation parameters and, consequently, the SWCC of an Argissolo more consistently with field conditions than those obtained in the laboratory; and, provided it is fed with field data, the Hydrus-1D simulates well the behavior of matric potential and moisture over time, reducing the time and labor in the procedures to obtain van Genuchten equation parameters in the laboratory.

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Melo, Cristiane Ribeiro de, Paulo Abadie Guedes, Samuel França Amorim, Fellipe Henrique Borba Alves, and José Almir Cirilo. "Combined analysis of landslide susceptibility and soil water dynamics in a metropolitan area, northeast Brazil." Soils and Rocks 44, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2021.051420.

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Landslide susceptibility and water balance in the soil, in the community of Lagoa Encantada, Recife Metropolitan Area, Brazil, were assessed using the computational models SINMAP and HYDRUS-1D. The SINMAP input parameters were the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of the soil, evidence of landslides and the DEM; and for the HYDRUS-1D model, the hydraulic parameters of the soil. For both programs, simulations were also carried out, based on the rain recorded in the area. The soil was classified using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). To assess infiltration processes that cause landslides, HYDRUS-1D was used, under the same scenarios simulated by the SINMAP model and also in the evaluation of the infiltrated volume, in real landslides. The SINMAP results (susceptibility maps) show a 71% increase in the susceptible area (SI < 1; SI = stability index) between the two precipitation scenarios, and are consistent with evidence of landslides. The HYDRUS-1D results complement SINMAP results and suggest that infiltration values for simulated scenarios were similar to those of real landslides. It is concluded that it is possible to map areas of greater instability and to predict possible landslides in different precipitation scenarios, by quantitatively assessing the infiltrated volume that contributes to the destabilization of the soil.

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Saso, J. K., G. W. Parkin, C. F. Drury, J. D. Lauzon, and W. D. Reynolds. "Chloride leaching in two Ontario soils: Measurement and prediction using HYDRUS-1D." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 2 (February 2012): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-046.

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Saso, J. K., Parkin, G. W., Drury, C. F., Lauzon, J. D. and Reynolds, W. D. 2012. Chloride leaching in two Ontario soils: Measurement and prediction using HYDRUS-1D. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 285–296. Deterministic numerical modelling can often be used to complement and extend field results, and to provide extra insight into the mechanisms of water and solute movement within the profile of agricultural soils. Chloride leaching and near-surface soil water content in a Guelph loam and a Maryhill loam cropped to corn (Zea mays L.) were measured over a 12-mo period (October 2007 to September 2008) and simulated using the HYDRUS-1D numerical model (version 4.12). Field measurements and prediction indicated that over 70% of the applied chloride (Cl) was lost to deep drainage (below 80 cm depth) during the winter months (November 2007 to April 2008) in both soils. Normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values for HYDRUS-1D estimates of near-surface (0- to 30-cm depth interval) soil water content over the growing season (April to September, 2008) were 28% for Guelph loam and 42% for Maryhill loam. The NRMSE value for estimated versus measured Cl mass remaining in the soil profile (0–80 cm depth interval) over the winter months was 17% for both soils. It was concluded that the HYDRUS-1D model can provide reasonable predictions of near-surface soil water content and profile leaching losses of tracer solutes. Further work is required, however, to determine if the predictive ability of HYDRUS-1D might be improved by incorporating the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil hydraulic properties and solute leaching. Further study is also required to establish the model's ability to simulate the leaching behaviour of reactive solutes, such as nitrate, in agricultural soils.

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Haowen, Xie, Wu Yawen, Wang Luping, Luo Weilin, Zhou Wenqi, Zhou Hong, Yan Yichen, and Liu Jun. "Comparing simulations of green roof hydrological processes by SWMM and HYDRUS-1D." Water Supply 20, no. 1 (October 3, 2019): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.140.

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Abstract Green roofs are a sustainable, low-impact development technique. They can reduce peak stormwater runoff and runoff volume and improve the quality of runoff from individual buildings and developments, which can lower the risk of frequent urban flooding and improve the quality of receiving waters. Few studies have compared different types of green roof models under the same rainfall intensities; thus, in this study, the predictions of a non-linear storage reservoirs model, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and a physical process model (HYDRUS-1D) were discussed. Both models were compared against measured data obtained from a series of laboratory experiments, designed to represent different storm categories and rainfall events. It was concluded that the total runoff of the SWMM model is always less than that of HYDRUS-1D. The maximum flowrate of the SWMM model is more than that of HYDRUS-1D during all events.

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Sutanto, S. J., J. Wenninger, A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Partitioning of evaporation into transpiration, soil evaporation and interception: a comparison between isotope measurements and a HYDRUS-1D model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 10, 2012): 2605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2605-2012.

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Abstract. Knowledge of the water fluxes within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system is crucial to improve water use efficiency in irrigated land. Many studies have tried to quantify these fluxes, but they encountered difficulties in quantifying the relative contribution of evaporation and transpiration. In this study, we compared three different methods to estimate evaporation fluxes during simulated summer conditions in a grass-covered lysimeter in the laboratory. Only two of these methods can be used to partition total evaporation into transpiration, soil evaporation and interception. A water balance calculation (whereby rainfall, soil moisture and percolation were measured) was used for comparison as a benchmark. A HYDRUS-1D model and isotope measurements were used for the partitioning of total evaporation. The isotope mass balance method partitions total evaporation of 3.4 mm d−1 into 0.4 mm d−1 for soil evaporation, 0.3 mm d−1 for interception and 2.6 mm d−1 for transpiration, while the HYDRUS-1D partitions total evaporation of 3.7 mm d−1 into 1 mm d−1 for soil evaporation, 0.3 mm d−1 for interception and 2.3 mm d−1 for transpiration. From the comparison, we concluded that the isotope mass balance is better for low temporal resolution analysis than the HYDRUS-1D. On the other hand, HYDRUS-1D is better for high temporal resolution analysis than the isotope mass balance.

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Tárník, Andrej, and Dušan Igaz. "Validation of Hydrus 1D Model in Selected Catchment of Slovakia." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 20, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2017-0006.

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Abstract Soil water content is very important for agricultural practice. Direct measurements of the soil moisture are being replaced by mathematical simulations and models step by step. One of the most used models for the simulation of the soil moisture is HYDRUS 1D model. This paper deals with HYDRUS 1D validity check in the Nitra River Catchment. Three different localities in the Nitra River Catchment (Malanta, Kolíňany and Dolné Naštice) were chosen for model validity check. Both, measurements and modelling of soil moisture, were made for these localities in three years (8/2011 - 8/2014). The evaluation of model validity was performed by calculation of the correlation coefficient and count of comparisons with variance of 15%. The correlation coefficients of measured and simulated data were between 0.67 and 0.95. Data comparisons with variance of 15% among measured and simulated data were between 79 to 100%. Based on these results we can declare that HYDRUS 1D model is valid for the conditions of Slovak catchments.

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Ma, Wen Cui, Xue Yi You, Xin Xin Wang, and Yu Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Migration and Transformation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.653.

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Considering the diffusion, adsorption or desorption, and microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in the soil–water system, the numerical model describing the migration and transportation of PHs is estabilished and it is simulated by HYDRUS-1D model. The degradation effect of time and depth variation of PHs is gained by numerical simulation. The results show that the degradation ability of indigenous microbial of PHs is poor. The HYDRUS-1D software is feasible in simulating and predicting the migration and transformation of PHs in soils.

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Radka Kodešová and Lukáš, Brodský. "Comparison of CGMS-WOFOST and HYDRUS-1D Simulation Results for One Cell of CGMS-GRID50." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 2 (January 7, 2013): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6504-swr.

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CGMS (Crop Growth Monitoring System) developed by JRC is an integrated system to monitor crop behaviour and quantitative crop yield forecast that operates on a European scale. To simulate water balance in the root zone the simulation model CGMS-WOFOST (SUPIT & VAN DER GOOT 2003) is used that is based on water storage routing. This study was performed to assess a possible impact of simplifications of the water storage routing based model on simulated water regime in the soil profile. Results of CGMS-WOFOST are compared with results of a more precise Richards’ equation based model HYDRUS-1D (&Scaron;IMŮNEK et al. 2005). 16 scenarios are simulated using HYDRUS-1D. Each scenario represents a single soil profile presented in the selected cell of GRID50 in the Czech Republic. Geometry of the soil profiles, material (texture) definition, root distributions, measured daily rainfall, calculated daily evaporation from the bare soil surface and transpiration of crop canopy were defined similarly to CGMS-WOFOST inputs according to the data stored in the SGDBE40 database. The soil hydraulic properties corresponding to each soil layer were defined using the class transfer rules (WÖSTEN et al. 1999). The bottom boundary conditions were defined either similarly to CGMS-WOFOST bottom boundary condition as a free drainage or as a constant water level 250 cm below the soil surface to demonstrate a ground water impact on the soil profile water balance. The relative soil moisture (RSM) in the root zone during the vegetation period was calculated to be compared with the similar output from CGMS. The RSM values obtained using HYDRUS-1D are higher than those obtained using CGMS-WOFOST mostly due to higher retention ability of HYDRUS-1D. The reasonably higher RSM values were obtained at the end of simulated period using the HYDRUS-1D for the constant water level 250 cm below the soil surface.

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Liu, Tiegang, Jianbin Lai, Yi Luo, and Lei Liu. "Study on extinction depth and steady water storage in root zone based on lysimeter experiment and HYDRUS-1D simulation." Hydrology Research 46, no. 6 (January 20, 2015): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.191.

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HYDRUS-1D was combined with lysimeter experiments to study extinction depth and steady water storage in root zone (Ws) of groundwater evaporation (ETgw) under winter wheat and silt soil. The measured soil water contents and daily ETgw with various groundwater depths were used to calibrate and validate the parameters in HYDRUS-1D. In total, 13 groundwater depths ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 m were set up for scenario simulation to determine the extinction depth and Ws. The results showed that HYDRUS-1D had an acceptable performance in simulating the soil water storage in the 0–60 cm layer and the daily ETgw. Moreover, the ETgw decreased linearly with increasing groundwater depth from 0.5 to 2.5 m and decreased as a power function with increasing groundwater depth from 2.5 to 5.0 m. Under the condition of winter wheat and silt soil, the extinction depth of ETgw was about 5.0 m. Ws decreased linearly with increasing groundwater depth from 0.7 to 2.0 m, but was not influenced further by the groundwater at depths beyond 2.0 m.

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Dmytruk, Y., and V. Zakharovskyi. "Hydrus’s-1D capability for assessment of soils water regime." AgroChemistry and Soil Science, no. 89 (2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/acss89-02.

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Rubio, Carles M., and Rafael Poyatos. "Applicability of Hydrus-1D in a Mediterranean Mountain Area Submitted to Land Use Changes." ISRN Soil Science 2012 (February 19, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/375842.

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The aim of this research is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the Hydrus-1D model to simulate the measured dynamics of water flow in a silt loam soil profile located in an abandoned crop area. The paper includes a physical and chemical characterization of the soil, and hydraulic properties characteristics as well. Several techniques and devices were used to develop the experiment in both, field and laboratory scales. The last part of the study was the Hydrus-1D simulation using real rain events and evapotranspiration rates. In summary, it could predict accurately the water dynamics of this “natural” scenario.

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Šimůnek, Jiří, Miroslav Šejna, and Martinus Th van Genuchten. "New features of version 3 of the HYDRUS (2D/3D) computer software package." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0050.

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AbstractThe capabilities of the HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS (2D/3D) software packages continuously expanded during the last two decades. Various new capabilities were added recently to both software packages, mostly by developing new standard add-on modules such as HPx, C-Ride, UnsatChem, Wetland, Fumigant, DualPerm, and Slope Stability. The new modules may be used to simulate flow and transport processes in one- and two-dimensional transport domains and are fully supported by the HYDRUS graphical user interface (GUI). Several nonstandard add-on modules, such as Overland, Isotope, and Centrifuge, have also been developed, but are not fully supported by the HYDRUS GUI. The objective of this manuscript is to describe several additional features of the upcoming Version 3 of HYDRUS (2D/3D), which was unveiled at a recent (March 2017) HYDRUS conference and workshop in Prague. The new features include a flexible reservoir boundary condition, expanded root growth features, and new graphical capabilities of the GUI. Mathematical descriptions of the new features are provided, as well as two examples illustrating applications of the reservoir boundary condition.

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Hilten, Roger Norris, Thomas Mark Lawrence, and Earnest William Tollner. "Modeling stormwater runoff from green roofs with HYDRUS-1D." Journal of Hydrology 358, no. 3-4 (September 2008): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.010.

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Š;imůnek, Jirka, Diederik Jacques, Martinus Th Genuchten, and Dirk Mallants. "MULTICOMPONENT GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELING USING HYDRUS-1D AND HP11." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42, no. 6 (December 2006): 1537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb06019.x.

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Arrey, I. A., J. O. Odiyo, R. Makungo, and M. O. Kataka. "Effect of hysteresis on water flow in the vadose zone under natural boundary conditions, Siloam Village case study, South Africa." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.091.

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Abstract A one-dimensional vadose zone model was used to simulate flow under natural boundary conditions. The effects of hysteresis and temporal variability of meteorological conditions were evaluated. Simulations were performed in HYDRUS-1D code for the period April 2013–January 2014 (6601 hours) at three different locations in a delineated portion of the sub-quaternary catchment A80A of Nzhelele with different soil textures. Soil hydraulic characteristics were estimated in a Rosetta library dynamically linked to the HYDRUS-1D model which is based on the numerical solution of a one-dimensional Richard's equation. Analysis of the simulation results suggests that ignoring hysteresis for soils of similar textural class does not lead to any significant deviation of the model predicted soil moisture, unlike for soils with different textural classes.

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Iqbal, Mazhar, Md Rowshon Kamal, Mohd Amin Mohd Soom, Muhammad Yamin, Mohd Fazly M., Hasfalina Che Man, and Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed. "HYDRUS-1D Simulation of Nitrogen Dynamics in Rainfed Sweet Corn Production." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113925.

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Nitrogen loss from agricultural fields results in contamination of ground and surface water resources due to leaching and runoff, respectively. Nitrogen transport dynamics vary significantly among agricultural fields of different climates, especially in the tropical climate. This study intended to evaluate the rainfall impact on nitrogen distribution and losses under tropical rain-fed conditions. The study was carried out in a sweet corn field for two growing seasons at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) research field. The HYDRUS-1D numerical model was used to simulate nitrogen transport dynamics in this study. The observed nitrogen concentrations were used for calibration and validation of the model. Total nitrogen input to sweet corn was 120 kg/ha for both seasons. Nitrogen losses through surface runoff and leaching were dominating pathways. Surface runoff accounted for 35.3% and 22.2% of total nitrogen input during the first and second seasons, respectively. The leaching loss at 60 cm depth accounted for 4.0% (first season) and 18.5% (second season). The crop N uptake was 37.5% and 24.9% during the first and second seasons, respectively. Nitrate was the dominant form of N uptake by the crop that accounted for 83.6% (first season) and 78.5% (second season). The HYDRUS-1D simulation results of nitrogen concentrations and fluxes were found in good agreement with observed data. The overall results of simulation justified the HYDRUS-1D for improved fertilizer use in the tropical climate.

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Kim, Jeong Jik, Woo-Hyun Jeon, and Jin-Yong Lee. "Estimation of deep percolation using field moisture observations and HYDRUS-1D modeling in Haean basin." Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14770/jgsk.2018.54.5.545.

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Wang, Xiaofang, Yi Li, Yichen Wang, and Chuncheng Liu. "Performance of HYDRUS-1D for simulating water movement in water-repellent soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2017-0116.

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Soil water repellency affects soil water movement during infiltration significantly. The HYDRUS software has been popularly applied in soil water dynamics simulation for many years, but its performance in water-repellent (WR) soils has not been assessed thoroughly. Our objectives are to assess the performance of HYDRYUS-1D for cumulative infiltration (CI), wetting front (Zf), and volumetric soil water content (θv) during horizontal imbibition and vertical infiltration in wettable, slightly WR, and strongly WR soils. The key parameters of α and n in water retention curves were inversely estimated by RETension Curve software. The α and n were calibrated inversely until the observed data fitted the simulated values well enough. The α and n were then used for validation using three statistical parameters including relative root-mean-square error, R2, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. The performances of calibration and validation for wettable, slightly, and strongly WR soils were good enough to be used for further simulations (RRMSE ≤20.2% for calibration and ≤21.1% for validation). Soil water movements for strongly WR soils of variable ponded depth during vertical infiltration were simulated. For Lou soil, as the ponded depth increased from 4 to 10 cm, the CI and Zf increased 2.08 and 5.5 cm, respectively. The simulations for the other three soils also showed gradually increased CI and Zf values. In conclusion, the performances of HYDRUS-1D in four different soil types with changing WR levels were good, which confirmed the application of HYDRUS-1D in WR soils.

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Dias, Allana Siqueira, and Willames De Albuquerque Soares. "Desempenho do modelo Hydrus - 1D utilizando diferentes formas de caracterização hidrodinâmica." Holos Environment 19, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/holos.v19i3.12309.

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A utilização da modelagem matemática para a simulação dos eventos hidrológicos é de fundamental importância no planejamento do uso e conservação do solo, para agricultura e pecuária, na meteorologia e na gestão dos recursos hídricos, sendo uma ferramenta conveniente para a avaliação de impactos no meio ambiente devido as atividades humanas.O uso agropecuário de alguns tipos de solo (como é o caso do Neossolo Flúvico) depende de suas condições de drenagem e se são necessárias correções desse fator ou não. Condições estas, que podem ser caracterizadas com o uso de modelos computacionais, como o Hydrus – 1D.Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de quatro formas de caracterização hidrodinâmica do solo oferecidas pelo software Hydrus – 1D por meio das curvas de retenção de água do solo e da condutividade hidráulica. Os valores dos parâmetros hidráulicos do solo, bem como da condutividade hidráulica, foram determinados em ensaio e para analisar o desempenho dos modelos foram utilizados parâmetros estatísticos. O modelo que apresentou melhor desempenho nas simulações foi o que utilizou as informações da composição granulométrica do solo como dado de entrada e o modelo com o pior desempenho foi o que utilizou as informações da composição granulométrica e da densidade do material estudado, diferentemente do esperado, fato atribuído a alta sensibilidade relativa, no modelo Hydrus-1D, no cálculo dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos “n” e “0s"> ”.

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Leterme, B., D. Mallants, and D. Jacques. "Sensitivity of groundwater recharge using climatic analogues and HYDRUS-1D." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 6, 2012): 2485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2485-2012.

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Abstract. The sensitivity of groundwater recharge to different climate conditions was simulated using the approach of climatic analogue stations, i.e. stations presently experiencing climatic conditions corresponding to a possible future climate state. The study was conducted in the context of a safety assessment of a future near-surface disposal facility for low and intermediate level short-lived radioactive waste in Belgium; this includes estimation of groundwater recharge for the next millennia. Groundwater recharge was simulated using the Richards based soil water balance model HYDRUS-1D and meteorological time series from analogue stations. This study used four analogue stations for a warmer subtropical climate with changes of average annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration from −42% to +5% and from +8% to +82%, respectively, compared to the present-day climate. Resulting water balance calculations yielded a change in groundwater recharge ranging from a decrease of 72% to an increase of 3% for the four different analogue stations. The Gijon analogue station (Northern Spain), considered as the most representative for the near future climate state in the study area, shows an increase of 3% of groundwater recharge for a 5% increase of annual precipitation. Calculations for a colder (tundra) climate showed a change in groundwater recharge ranging from a decrease of 97% to an increase of 32% for four different analogue stations, with an annual precipitation change from −69% to −14% compared to the present-day climate.

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Chen, Min, Garry R. Willgoose, and Patricia M. Saco. "Spatial prediction of temporal soil moisture dynamics using HYDRUS-1D." Hydrological Processes 28, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9518.

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Meng, Yingying, Huixiao Wang, Jiangang Chen, and Shuhan Zhang. "Modelling Hydrology of a Single Bioretention System with HYDRUS-1D." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/521047.

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A study was carried out on the effectiveness of bioretention systems to abate stormwater using computer simulation. The hydrologic performance was simulated for two bioretention cells using HYDRUS-1D, and the simulation results were verified by field data of nearly four years. Using the validated model, the optimization of design parameters of rainfall return period, filter media depth and type, and surface area was discussed. And the annual hydrologic performance of bioretention systems was further analyzed under the optimized parameters. The study reveals that bioretention systems with underdrains and impervious boundaries do have some detention capability, while their total water retention capability is extremely limited. Better detention capability is noted for smaller rainfall events, deeper filter media, and design storms with a return period smaller than 2 years, and a cost-effective filter media depth is recommended in bioretention design. Better hydrologic effectiveness is achieved with a higher hydraulic conductivity and ratio of the bioretention surface area to the catchment area, and filter media whose conductivity is between the conductivity of loamy sand and sandy loam, and a surface area of 10% of the catchment area is recommended. In the long-term simulation, both infiltration volume and evapotranspiration are critical for the total rainfall treatment in bioretention systems.

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Zeng, Wen-Zhi, Guo-Qing Lei, Hong-Ya Zhang, Ming-Hai Hong, Chi Xu, Jing-Wei Wu, and Jie-Sheng Huang. "Estimating Root Zone Moisture from Surface Soil Using Limited Data." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0033.

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Abstract For estimation of root-zone moisture content from EO-1/Hyperion imagery, surface soil moisture was first predicted by hyperspectral reflectance data using partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis. The textures of more than 300 soil samples extracted from a 900 m × 900 m field site located within the Hetao Irrigation District in China were used to parameterize the HYDRUS-1D numerical model. The study area was spatially discretized into 18,000 compartments (30 m × 30 m × 0.02 m), and Monte Carlo simulations were applied to generate 2000 different soil-particle size distributions for each compartment. Soil hydraulic properties for each realization were determined by application of artificial neural network analysis and used to parameterize HYDRUS-1D to simulate averaged soil-moisture contents within the root zone (0-40 cm) and surface (approximately 0-4 cm). Then the link between surface moisture and root zone was established by use of linear regression analysis, resulting in R and RMSE of 0.38 and 0.03, respectively. Kriging and co-kriging with observed surface moisture, and co-kriging with surface moisture obtained from Hyperion imagery were also used to estimate root-zone moisture. Results indicated that PLSR is a powerful tool for soil moisture estimation from hyperspectral data. Furthermore, co-kriging with observed surface moisture had the highest R (0.41) and linear regression model, and HYDRUS Monte Carlo simulations had a lowest RMSE (0.03) among the four methods. In regions that have similar climatic and soil conditions to our study area, a linear regression model with HYDRUS Monte Carlo simulations is a practical method for root-zone moisture estimation before sowing and it can be easily coupled with remote sensing technology.

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Makaravičiūtė, Lygita, and Eglė Marčiulaitienė. "CONDUCTIVITY TESTING AND EVALUATION / PAVIRŠINIŲ NUOTEKŲ FILTRO HIDRAULINIO LAIDUMO TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 4 (September 29, 2015): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.810.

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Surface wastewater is consideredas effluents, which are formed on the surface of urbanized areas. Stormwater treatment is performed out using a variety of filters: sand, grass. Wastewater penetration into the deeper layers is called hydraulic conductivity. After evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity, it is possible to determine the ability of the investigated fillers to entrap the stormwater flow. The hydraulic conductivity tests can indicate which fillers of stormwater filters may influence the more effective stormwater cleaning. Four stormwater filters were tested: crushed autoclaved aerated concrete filter; crushed autoclaved aerated concrete with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer; silica sand filter with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer; silica sand filter. Under in-situ conditions hydraulic conductivity in filters is investigated using Constant-head method. Mathematical modeling program Hydrus-1D presentsthe changes of hydraulic conductivity in each filler layer of the filter. Assessed hydraulic conductivity in filters under in-situ conditions hasn‘t changed only in crushed autoclaved aerated concrete filter (30 000 mm/d). The smallest hydraulic conductivity in filters under in-situ conditions was estimated in silica sand filter with Meadow grass (Poa pratensis) layer, here it was equal to 209.3 mm/d.With mathematical modeling program Hydrus-1D it was found that the hydraulic conductivity in each filter decreases, depending on the depth of filler in the filter. Paviršinėmis nuotekomis laikomos tokios, kurios susidaro ant urbanizuotos teritorijos paviršiaus. Paviršinių nuotekų valymas atliekamas taikant įvairius filtrus – smėlio, augalinius. Nuotekų skverbimasis į gilesnius sluoksnius vadinamas hidrauliniu laidumu. Įvertinus hidraulinį laidumą galima nustatyti tiriamų filtro užpildų gebėjimą sulaikyti atitekėjusių paviršinių nuotekų srautą filtro užpilduose. Atlikus hidraulinio laidumo tyrimus, galima nustatyti, kurie paviršinių nuotekų filtro užpildai gali lemti efektyvesnį paviršinių nuotekų išvalymą. Tiriami keturi paviršinių nuotekų filtrai: smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono filtras; smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono ir pievinės miglės dangos filtras; kvarcinio smėlio filtras su pievinės miglės danga; kvarcinio smėlio filtras. Natūrinėmis sąlygomis hidraulinio laidumo tyrimas atliekamas, taikant Constant-Head metodą. Matematinio modeliavimo programa Hydrus-1D pateikiama, kaip kinta hidraulinis laidumas kiekviename filtro užpildo sluoksnyje. Nustatytas hidraulinis laidumas filtruose natūrinėmis sąlygomis nekito smulkinto autoklavinio akytojo betono filtre (30 000 mm/d). Mažiausias hidraulinis laidumas natūrinėmis sąlygomis nustatytas kvarcinio smėlio filtre su pievinės miglės (Poa pratensis) augalinės dangos sluoksniu, čia jis nustatytas 209,3 mm/d. Matematinio modeliavimo programa Hydrus-1D nustatyta, kad hidraulinis laidumas filtruose mažėja priklausomai nuo filtro užpildo gylio.

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Silva, Jeff Allen Kai, Jiří Šimůnek, and John E. McCray. "A Modified HYDRUS Model for Simulating PFAS Transport in the Vadose Zone." Water 12, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102758.

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The HYDRUS unsaturated flow and transport model was modified to simulate the effects of non-linear air-water interfacial (AWI) adsorption, solution surface tension-induced flow, and variable solution viscosity on the unsaturated transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) within the vadose zone. These modifications were made and completed between March 2019 and May 2019, and were implemented into both the one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) versions of HYDRUS. Herein, the model modifications are described and validated against the available literature-derived PFAS transport data (i.e., 1D experimental column transport data). The results of both 1D and 2D example simulations are presented to highlight the function and utility of the model to capture the dynamic and transient nature of the temporally and spatially variable interfacial area of the AWI (Aaw) as it changes with soil moisture content (Θw) and how it affects PFAS unsaturated transport. Specifically, the simulated examples show that while AWI adsorption of PFAS can be a significant source of retention within the vadose zone, it is not always the dominant source of retention. The contribution of solid-phase sorption can be considerable in many PFAS-contaminated vadose zones. How the selection of an appropriate Aaw(Θw) function can impact PFAS transport and how both mechanisms contribute to PFAS mass flux to an underlying groundwater source is also demonstrated. Finally, the effects of soil textural heterogeneities on PFAS unsaturated transport are demonstrated in the results of both 1D and 2D example simulations.

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Ventrella, Domenico, Mirko Castellini, Simone Di Prima, Pasquale Garofalo, and Laurent Lassabatère. "Assessment of the Physically-Based Hydrus-1D Model for Simulating the Water Fluxes of a Mediterranean Cropping System." Water 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081657.

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In a context characterized by a scarcity of water resources and a need for agriculture to cope the increase of food demand, it is of fundamental importance to increase the water use efficiency of cropping systems. This objective can be meet using several currently available software packages simulating water movements in the “soil–plant–atmosphere” continuum (SPAC). The goal of the paper is to discuss and optimize the strategy for implementing an effective simulation framework in order to describe the main soil water fluxes of a typical horticultural cropping system in Southern Italy based on drip-irrigated watermelon cultivation. The Hydrus-1D model was calibrated by optimizing the hydraulic parameters based on the comparison between simulated and measured soil water content values. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the hydraulic parameters of the Mualem–van Genuchten model was carried out. Hydryus-1D determined simulated soil water contents fairly well, with an average root mean square error below 9%. The main fluxes of the SPAC were confined in a restricted soil volume and were therefore well described by the one-dimensional model Hydrus-1D. Water content at saturation and the fitting parameters α and n were the parameters with the highest impact for describing the soil/plant water balance.

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Chavoshi, E., M. Afyuni, and M. A. Hajabbasi. "Simulation of Fluoride Transport in a Calcareous Soil Using HYDRUS-1D." Journal of Water and Soil Science 19, no. 72 (August 1, 2015): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.19.72.18.

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30

Leterme, B., D. Mallants, and D. Jacques. "Estimation of future groundwater recharge using climatic analogues and Hydrus-1D." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 1389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-1389-2012.

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Abstract. The impact of climate change on groundwater recharge is simulated using climatic analogue stations, i.e. stations presently under climatic conditions corresponding to a given climate state. The study was conducted in the context of a safety assessment of a future near-surface disposal facility for low and intermediate level short-lived radioactive waste in Belgium; this includes estimating groundwater recharge for the next millennia. Groundwater recharge was simulated using the Richard's based soil water balance model Hydrus-1D and meteorological time series from analogue stations. Water balance calculations showed that transition from a temperate oceanic to a warmer subtropical climate without rainfall seasonality is expected to yield a decrease in groundwater recharge (−12% for the chosen representative analogue station of Gijon, Northern Spain). Based on a time series of 24 yr of daily climate data, the long-term average annual recharge decreased from 314 to 276 mm, although total rainfall was higher (947 mm) in the warmer climate compared to the current temperate climate (899 mm). This is due to a higher soil evaporation (233 mm versus 206 mm) and higher plant transpiration (350 versus 285 mm) under the warmer climate.

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Elmi, Abdirashid, Joumana S. Abou Nohra, Chandra A. Madramootoo, and William Hendershot. "Estimating phosphorus leachability in reconstructed soil columns using HYDRUS-1D model." Environmental Earth Sciences 65, no. 6 (June 23, 2011): 1751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1154-1.

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Nichols, William, Andrea Welker, Robert Traver, and Min-cheng “Peter” Tu. "Modeling Seasonal Performance of Operational Urban Rain Garden Using HYDRUS-1D." Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment 7, no. 3 (August 2021): 04021005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jswbay.0000941.

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33

Pinho, Roque E. da C. de, and Jarbas H. de Miranda. "Avaliação do modelo HYDRUS-1D na simulação do transporte de água e potássio em colunas preenchidas com solos tropicais." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 5 (October 2014): 899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000500009.

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A preocupação com o destino de produtos químicos e água, aplicados ao solo, tem motivado vários pesquisadores a desenvolverem e aplicarem modelos teóricos, a fim de descrever os processos físicos envolvidos no transporte desses produtos no perfil do solo. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo aplicar o modelo HYDRUS-1D, bem como avaliar sua performance, em simulações do deslocamento do potássio e água (umidade do solo), em colunas segmentadas, preenchidas com dois tipos de solos tropicais, em condições não saturadas (Latossolo Vermelho- - Amarelo e Nitossolo Vermelho). Os parâmetros de transporte do potássio foram obtidos por meio de curvas de distribuição de efluentes (Breakthrough Curves (BTC)). O desempenho do modelo foi avaliado com base nos seguintes parâmetros estatísticos: erro máximo, erro absoluto médio, raiz quadrada do erro médio normalizado, coeficiente de massa residual, coeficiente de determinação, eficiência e índice de concordância de Willmott. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o modelo HYDRUS-1D foi eficiente nas simulações de deslocamento do potássio e da água, em relação aos dois materiais de solo estudados.

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Sándor, Renáta, and Nándor Fodor. "Simulation of Soil Temperature Dynamics with Models Using Different Concepts." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/590287.

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This paper presents two soil temperature models with empirical and mechanistic concepts. At the test site (calcaric arenosol), meteorological parameters as well as soil moisture content and temperature at 5 different depths were measured in an experiment with 8 parcels realizing the combinations of the fertilized, nonfertilized, irrigated, nonirrigated treatments in two replicates. Leaf area dynamics was also monitored. Soil temperature was calculated with the original and a modified version of CERES as well as with the HYDRUS-1D model. The simulated soil temperature values were compared to the observed ones. The vegetation reduced both the average soil temperature and its diurnal amplitude; therefore, considering the leaf area dynamics is important in modeling. The models underestimated the actual soil temperature and overestimated the temperature oscillation within the winter period. All models failed to account for the insulation effect of snow cover. The modified CERES provided explicitly more accurate soil temperature values than the original one. Though HYDRUS-1D provided more accurate soil temperature estimations, its superiority to CERES is not unequivocal as it requires more detailed inputs.

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Klement, Aleš, Miroslav Fér, Šárka Novotná, Antonín Nikodem, and Radka Kodešová. "Root distributions in a laboratory box evaluated using two different techniques (gravimetric and image processing) and their impact on root water uptake simulated with HYDRUS." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0016.

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Abstract Knowledge of the distribution of plant roots in a soil profile (i.e. root density) is needed when simulating root water uptake from soil. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating barley and wheat root densities in a sand-vermiculite substrate. Barley and wheat were planted in a flat laboratory box under greenhouse conditions. The box was always divided into two parts, where a single plant row and rows cross section (respectively) was simulated. Roots were excavated at the end of the experiment and root densities were assessed using root zone image processing and by weighing. For this purpose, the entire area (width of 40 and height of 50 cm) of each scenario was divided into 80 segments (area of 5×5 cm). Root density in each segment was expressed as a root percentage of the entire root cluster. Vertical root distributions (i.e. root density with respect to depth) were also calculated as a sum of root densities in each 5 cm layer. Resulting vertical root densities, measured evaporation from the water table (used as the potential root water uptake), and the Feddes stress response function model were used for simulating substrate water regime and actual root water uptake for all scenarios using HYDRUS-1D. All scenarios were also simulated using HYDRUS-2D. One scenario (areal root density of barley sown in a single row, obtained using image analysis) is presented in this paper (because most scenarios showed root water uptakes similar to results of 1D scenarios). The application of two root detecting techniques resulted in noticeably different root density distributions. Differences were mainly attributed to the fact that fine roots of high density (located mostly at the deeper part of the box) had lower weights in comparison to the weight of few large roots (at the box top). Thus, at the deeper part, higher root density (with respect to the entire root zone) was obtained using the image analysis in comparison to that from the gravimetric analysis. Conversely, lower root density was obtained using the image analysis at the upper part in comparison to that from the gravimetric analysis. On the other hand, fine roots overlapped each other and therefore were not visible in the image, which resulted in lower root density values from image analysis. Root water uptakes simulated with HYDRUS-1D using diverse root densities obtained for each cereal declined differently from the potential root water uptake values depending on water scarcity at depths of higher root density. Usually, an earlier downtrend associated with gradual root water up-take decreases and vice versa. Similar root water uptakes were simulated for the presented scenario using the HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS-2D models. The impact of the horizontal root density distribution on root water uptake was, in this case, less important than the impact of the vertical root distribution resulting from different techniques and sowing scenarios.

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Ket, Pinnara, Chantha Oeurng, and Aurore Degré. "Estimating Soil Water Retention Curve by Inverse Modelling from Combination of In Situ Dynamic Soil Water Content and Soil Potential Data." Soil Systems 2, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040055.

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Soil water retention curves (SWRCs) are crucial for characterizing soil moisture dynamics, and are particularly relevant in the context of irrigation management. Inverse modelling is one of the methods used to parameterize models representing these curves, which are closest to the field reality. The objective of this study is to estimate the soil hydraulic properties through inverse modelling using the HYDRUS-1D code based on soil moisture and potential data acquired in the field. The in situ SWRCs acquired every 30 min are based on simultaneous soil water content and soil water potential measurements with 10HS and MPS-2 sensors, respectively, in five experimental fields. The fields were planted with drip-irrigated lettuces from February to March 2016 in the Chrey Bak catchment located in the Tonlé Sap Lake region, Cambodia. After calibration of the van Genuchten soil water retention model parameters, we used them to evaluate the performance of HYDRUS-1D to predict soil moisture dynamics in the studied fields. Water flow was reasonably well reproduced in all sites covering a range of soil types (loamy sand and loamy soil) with root mean square errors ranging from 0.02 to 0.03 cm3 cm−3.

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Zheng, Lijian, Juanjuan Ma, Xihuan Sun, Xianghong Guo, Qiyun Cheng, and Xiaokai Shi. "Estimating the Root Water Uptake of Surface-Irrigated Apples Using Water Stable Isotopes and the Hydrus-1D Model." Water 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111624.

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The future production of irrigated fruit orchards in the Loess Plateau of China is threatened by a shortage of freshwater. To improve water use efficiency under conditions where irrigation is limited, it is necessary to quantify the root water uptake (RWU) of apple trees. The RWU of apple trees was estimated under surface irrigation using water stable isotope technology and the Hydrus-1D model. Using the Romero-Saltos and IsoSource models, the stable isotopes of water in stems, different soil depths, and different precipitation were analyzed in a 5-year-old dwarfing apple orchard during two seasons 2016 and 2017. Hydrus-1D model was able to simulate the RWU of apple using the maximum coefficient of determination (0.9), providing a root mean square error of 0.019 cm3 cm−3 and a relative error of 2.25%. The results showed that the main depth of RWU ranged from 0–60 cm during the growth season, with the main contribution occurring in the 0–40 cm depth. These findings indicated that reducing the traditional surface irrigation depth will be important for improving the irrigation water use efficiency.

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Wang, Xiaofang, Yi Li, Bingcheng Si, Xin Ren, and Junying Chen. "Simulation of Water Movement in Layered Water-Repellent Soils using HYDRUS-1D." Soil Science Society of America Journal 82, no. 5 (September 2018): 1101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.01.0056.

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Pal, Supriya, Somnath Mukherjee, and Sudipta Ghosh. "Application of HYDRUS 1D model for assessment of phenol–soil adsorption dynamics." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 7 (January 10, 2014): 5249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2467-2.

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Neumann, L. E., J. Šimůnek, and F. J. Cook. "Implementation of quadratic upstream interpolation schemes for solute transport into HYDRUS-1D." Environmental Modelling & Software 26, no. 11 (November 2011): 1298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.05.010.

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41

Venkatraman, Kartik, Nanjappa Ashwath, and Ninghu Su. "Predicting the site water balance of a phytocapped landfill using HYDRUS 1D." International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 14, no. 1/2/3/4 (2011): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2011.039274.

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Pontedeiro, Elizabeth M., Paulo F. Heilbron, Jesus Perez-Guerrero, Jian Su, and Martinus Th van Genuchten. "Reassessment of the Goiânia radioactive waste repository in Brazil using HYDRUS-1D." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0047.

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AbstractIn September 1987 an accident occurred with a cesium chloride (CsCl) teletherapy source taken from a cancer therapy institute in Goiânia, Brazil. Misuse of the abandoned source caused widespread contamination of radioactive material (about 50 TBq of137Cs) in the town of Goiânia. Decontamination of affected areas did lead to about 3,500 m3of solid radioactive wastes, which were disposed in two near-surface repositories built in concrete in 1995. This paper documents a safety assessment of one of the low-level radioactive waste deposits containing137Cs over a time period of 600 years. Using HYDRUS-1D, we first obtained estimates of water infiltrating through the soil cover on top of the repository into and through the waste and its concrete liners and the underlying vadose zone towards groundwater. Calculations accounted for local precipitation and evapotranspiration rates, including root water uptake by the grass cover, as well as for the effects of concrete degradation on the hydraulic properties of the concrete liners. We next simulated long-term water fluxes and137Cs transport from the repository towards groundwater. Simulations accounted for the effects of137Cs sorption and radioactive decay on radionuclide transport from the waste to groundwater, thus permitting an evaluation of potential consequences to the environment and long-term exposure to the public. Consistent with previous assessments, our calculations indicate that very little if any radioactive material will reach the water table during the lifespan of the repository, also when accounting for preferential flow through the waste.

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Zeng, WenZhi, Chi Xu, JingWei Wu, and JieSheng Huang. "Soil salt leaching under different irrigation regimes: HYDRUS-1D modelling and analysis." Journal of Arid Land 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40333-013-0176-9.

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Waisczik, Débora Hianca Da Rosa, and Jonathan Tenório de Lima. "Leachate production estimation for a landfill in south of Brazil using Hydrus-1D." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019501016.

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The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is currently a great challenge to society mainly due to the threat posed by leachate and gases released from the decomposition sites. Landfills have been widely used for this purpose because their waterproofing, drainage and treatment systems have reduced the risks of soil, water and air contamination. Estimating the amount of leachate and gases generated is extremely important for the control and operation of these systems. In this context, this study was developed in the landfill of Timbó, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in order to estimate the generation of leachate and to evaluate the effect of profile composition. HYDRUS-1D was used to simulate unsaturated fluid flow through layers. Data on soil matrix such as characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic permeability were obtained from previous studies and pedotransfer functions and the respective curves for MSW were obtained from literature. Thirteen layers were simulated by attributing an atmospheric variably boundary condition on top cover and free drainage on the bottom of the profile for two hydrologic years (2017-2019). HYDRUS-1D overestimated the leachate volume by 33.67% when compared with field data. Layers distribution showed an attenuation effect on leachate production which is consistent with design.

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Radka, Kodešova, and Šimůnek Josef Kozak and Jiři. "Numerical Study of Macropore Impact on Ponded Infiltration in Clay Soils." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 1 (January 7, 2013): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6501-swr.

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The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (&Scaron;imůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were used to simulate variably-saturated water movement in clay soils with and without macropores. Numerical simulations of water flow for several scenarios of probable macropore compositions show a considerable impact of preferential flow on water infiltration in such soils. Preferential flow must be considered to predict water recharge in clay soils.

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Mujtaba, Babar, Hana Hlaváčiková, Michal Danko, João L. M. P. de Lima, and Ladislav Holko. "The role of stony soils in hillslope and catchment runoff formation." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0012.

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AbstractThe role of stony soils in runoff response of mountain catchments is rarely studied. We have compared simulated response of stony soils with measured catchment runoff for events caused by rains of small and high intensities in the mountain catchment of the Jalovecký Creek, Slovakia. The soil water response was simulated for three sites with stoniness 10–65% using the Hydrus-2D single porosity model. Soil hydraulic parameters employed in the modelling, i. e. the saturated hydraulic conductivity and parameters of the soil water retention curves, were obtained by two approaches, namely by the Representative Elementary Volume approach (REVa) and by the inverse modelling with Hydrus-1D model (IMa). The soil water outflow hydrographs simulated by Hydrus-2D were compared to catchment runoff hydrographs by analysing their skewness and peak times. Measured catchment runoff hydrographs were similar to simulated soil water outflow hydrographs for about a half of rainfall events. Interestingly, most of them were caused by rainfalls with small intensity (below 2.5 mm/10 min). The REV approach to derive soil hydraulic parameters for soil water outflow modelling provided more realistic shapes of soil water outflow hydrographs and peak times than the IMa approach.

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Iqbal, Mazhar, Md Rowshon Kamal, Mohd Fazly M., Hasfalina Che Man, and Aimrun Wayayok. "HYDRUS-1D Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics for Sweet Corn under Tropical Rainfed Condition." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041219.

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Assessment of soil water balance is essential to understand water dynamics for optimal use of water and fertilizers. The study intended to simulate soil water dynamics in sweet corn production under tropical rainfed conditions. Surface runoff, subsurface leaching, and evapotranspiration are the main components of water balance, especially in tropical environments. Therefore, intensive field experiments and HYDRUS-1D numerical modeling were applied to investigate the water balance components and analyzing water dynamics. The study was carried out in a sweet corn field for two growing seasons under the rainfed conditions at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Malaysia. The total water inputs during the first and second seasons were 75.8 cm and 79.7 cm, respectively. Simulated results of evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for 40.7% and 33.1% of total water input during the first and second seasons. Surface runoff accounted for 41% and 28.6% in the first and second season, respectively. Water leaching accounted for 10.6%–26.8% of total water input during both seasons respectively. As rainfall fulfilled the crop water requirement throughout the growing seasons no additional irrigation was required. The overall simulation results validate the HYDRUS-1D as an effective tool to simulate soil water dynamics under rainfed conditions.

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Holanda, Marco Aurélio Calixto Ribeiro de, Willames De Albuquerque Soares, and Diogo Botelho Correa de Oliveira. "Predição do escoamento superficial e consequentes alagamentos em centros urbanos." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 5 (June 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.005.0001.

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Os alagamentos são um problema em vários centros urbanos decorrentes da descaracterização natural do solo e do aumentando do escoamento superficial. A caracterização hidrodinâmica dos solos pode ser realizada por ensaios de campo ou laboratoriais visando a predição destes alagamentos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se estimar o escoamento superficial de água no solo por meio de simulações utilizando o Hydrus-1D, para explicar os alagamentos que ocorrem numa área urbana. Para obtenção dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos seguiu-se a metodologia do Beerkan of Estimation Soil Transfer (BEST) realizada em laboratório com colunas de acrílico e dois solos distintos, enquanto que as simulações do escoamento superficial foram feitas com Hydrus-1D. Por meio das curvas de infiltração verificou-se que o solo menos arenoso possui uma capacidade de infiltração menor. A primeira simulação mostrou que o escoamento superficial cumulativo foi de 355,67 mm dia-1 enquanto que na segunda simulação o escoamento superficial acumulado foi de 362,03 mm dia-1. A realização dos ensaios de infiltração apenas na superfície do perfil do solo podem acarretar em resultados imprecisos, uma vez que a discrepância entre os valores simulados do escoamento superficial chegam a 105,14%. Deste modo, para uma estimativa de escoamento superficial mais precisa são necessários sucessivos ensaios de infiltração em diferentes profundidades.

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Sutanto, S. J., J. Wenninger, A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Partitioning of evaporation into transpiration, soil evaporation and interception: a combination of hydrometric measurements and stable isotope analyses." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2012): 3657–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-3657-2012.

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Abstract. Best practice agriculture is the key to overcome the food security problem through improvement of water use efficiency. Therefore, knowledge of the water fluxes within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system is crucial. Many studies have tried to quantify these fluxes, but they encountered difficulties in quantifying the relative contribution of evaporation and transpiration. In this study, we compared four different methods to estimate evaporation fluxes during simulated summer conditions in a grassland lysimeter in the UNESCO-IHE laboratory. Only two of these methods can be used to partition total evaporation into transpiration, soil evaporation and interception. A water balance calculation (whereby rainfall, soil moisture and percolation was measured) and the Penman-Monteith equation were applied to determine total evaporation. A HYDRUS-1D model and isotope measurements were used for the partitioning of total evaporation. The average total evaporation was 3.2 mm d−1 calculated with the water balance, 3.4 mm d−1 for the Penman-Monteith equation, 3.4 mm d−1 calculated with HYDRUS-1D, and 3.1 mm d−1 with the isotope mass balance. By use of the isotopes, we separated the total evaporation on average into 2.4 mm d−1 transpiration (77.7%), 0.4 mm d−1 soil evaporation (12.2%), and 0.3 mm d−1 interception (10.1%).

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Zeng, Wen-Zhi, Tao Ma, Jie-Sheng Huang, and Jing-Wei Wu. "Nitrogen Transportation and Transformation Under Different Soil Water and Salinity Conditions." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0048.

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Abstract Soil nitrogen transportation and transformation are important processes for crop growth and environmental protection, and they are influenced by various environmental factors and human interventions. This study aims to determine the effects of irrigation and soil salinity levels on nitrogen transportation and transformation using two types of experiments: column and incubation. The HYDRUS-1D model and an empirical model were used to simulate the nitrogen transportation and transformation processes. HYDRUS-1D performed well in the simulation of nitrogen transportation and transformation under irrigated conditions (R2 as high as 0.944 and 0.763 for ammonium and nitrate-nitrogen simulations, respectively). In addition, the empirical model was able to attain accurate estimations for ammonium (R2 = 0.512-0.977) and nitrate-nitrogen (R2 = 0.410-0.679) without irrigation. The modelling results indicated that saline soil reduced the rate of urea hydrolysis to ammonium, promoted the longitudinal dispersity of nitrogen and enhanced the adsorption of ammonium-nitrogen. Furthermore, the effects of soil salinity on the nitrification rate were not obviously comparable to the effects of the amount of irrigation water. Without irrigation, the hydrolysis rate of urea to ammonium decreased exponentially with the soil salinity (R2 = 0.787), although the nitrification coefficient varied with salinity. However, the denitrification coefficient increased linearly with salinity (R2 = 0.499).

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Journal articles on the topic 'HYDRUS-1D'

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