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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Şimşek, D., R. Çiftçioğlu, M. Güden, M. Çiftçioğlu, and Ş. Harsa. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Composites Reinforced with Hydroxyapatite Whiskers." Key Engineering Materials 264-268 (May 2004): 1985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.1985.

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2

Afriani, Fitri, Evi J, Zaitun Zaitun, and Yuant Tiandho. "Improvement of Hardness of Hydroxyapatite by the Addition of Silica from Tin Tailings." Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v2i2.48.

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The application of bone scaffolding in bone therapy is an alternative solution developed in bone tissue engineering technology to avoid bone donors' scarcity. The main requirement for a material that can be used as a scaffold is that it is biocompatible. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate ceramic that is often used as the primary material for scaffolding because it has good biocompatibility properties. However, like most ceramics, hydroxyapatite has low mechanical properties. In this study, we synthesized hydroxyapatite from cockleshell waste. To improve hydroxyapatite's mechanical properties (hardness), we added silica from tin tailings to hydroxyapatite. Through the analysis of the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, it was found that hydroxyapatite was successfully synthesized from cockleshell using the co-precipitation method. Analysis of the diffraction pattern of tin tailings also shows that most of the crystals comprising tin tailings sand are silica in the ?-quartz phase. The addition of silica to hydroxyapatite followed by compaction and sintering at a temperature of 800 ? did not produce a new crystal phase. The addition still has a diffraction pattern consisting of a combined XRD pattern of hydroxyapatite and silica. Based on the hardness test using the Vickers hardness method, it is known that the addition of silica can increase the hardness of hydroxyapatite.

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3

Muslim, Y. R., J. Knowles, and J. Howlett. "Mechanical Properties of Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite." Annals of Dentistry 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2005): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol12no1.5.

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4

Nordström, E. G., H. Herø, and R. B. Jørgensen. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Mica Composite." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 4, no. 4 (1994): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-1994-4406.

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5

Ibrahim, Nurul Farhana, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, and Nurazreena Ahmad. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced 45S5." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.29.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) has similar constituent with natural bone mineral and is able to evoke apatite formation on the bone interface. Similarly, bioactive glass (BG) such as 45S5 has the ability to induce bone formation when exposed to physiological environment. However, both materials have drawbacks in mechanical properties such as brittleness and low compressive strength. Hence, HA-BG composite has potential for enhance properties. The current work aims to assess the effects of BG addition in HA system focusing on mechanical properties.

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6

Suchanek, Wojciech, Masatomo Yashima, Masato Kakihana, and Masahiro Yoshimura. "Processing and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite reinforced with hydroxyapatite whiskers." Biomaterials 17, no. 17 (January 1996): 1715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(96)87652-6.

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7

Teraoka, K., A. Ito, K. Maekawa, K. Onuma, T. Tateishi, and S. Tsutsumi. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite and OH-carbonated Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals." Journal of Dental Research 77, no. 7 (July 1998): 1560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345980770071201.

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8

Demirkol, N., F. N. Oktar, and E. S. Kayali. "Influence of Niobium Oxide on the Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.29.

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The goal of this study is to produce and to investigate the mechanical and microstructural properties of composite materials made of hydroxyapatite, obtained from both natural sheep bone and commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite with niobium oxide addition ( 5 and 10 wt%). The samples were subjected to sintering at different temperatures between 1000°C and 1300°C. Microstructures and mechanical properties of sheep hydroxyapatite (SHA) and commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite (CSHA)-niobium oxide composites were investigated. The production of hydroxyapatite (HA) from natural sources is preferred due to economical reason. The aim of development of SHA and CSHA based niobium oxide composites is to improve mechanical properties of HA. The physical and mechanical properties were determined by measuring density, compression strength and Vickers microhardness (HV). Structural characterization was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. In all composites, density values and mechanical properties increased with increasing sintering temperature. The increase of niobium oxide content in all composites showed better mechanical properties. Both of SHA and CSHA composites with at 1300°C sintering temperature showed nearly the same compression strength value.

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9

Zhu, Qing Xia, Wei Hui Jiang, Chuan Shao, and Yi Bao. "Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.989.

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The carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) was synthesized by precipitation-calcination method. The influences of carbonate subsitution on high-temperature sintering, thermal expansion coefficient (CET) and flexural strength were investigated by the high-temperature dilatometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine. The results showed that the sintering temperatures of CHA were related to the initial carbonate contents. The sintering temperature decreased with increasing initial carbonate contents. The CET of CHAs decreased with the increase of carbonate content, due to the stoma caused by the partially decompostion of CHAs. The CHA ceramics tested were as strong in flexure strength when compared to non-carbonated hydroxyapatite.

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10

Park, Sang Shik, Hee Jung Lee, Ik Hyun Oh, and Byong Taek Lee. "Effects of Ag-Doping on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Films." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.113.

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Ag-doped hydroxyapatite films were deposited on a ZrO2 substrate using r.f. magnetron sputtering to improve the bioaffinity and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite. The resulting hydroxyapatite films exhibited a variation in their microstructure and mechanical properties relative to the Ag content. The variation in the (Ca, Ag)/P ratios suggested that some of the Ca2+ ions in the hydroxyapatite were replaced with Ag+ ions. After annealing at 800oC, the hydroxyapatite films showed a microstructure with crystalline nano-grains, whereas the Ag-doped hydroxyapatite films revealed the formation of crystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix. The hydroxyapatite films showed an average roughness of about 3~4nm, very smooth surface, and dense microstructure. The hardness and modulus of the films decreased with an increasing Ag content.

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11

Arabaci, Aliye, Nazlican Yüksel, and Nermin Demirkol. "Microstuctural and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia-Silica-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Biomedical Applications." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.156.

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Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate ceramic that is used as a biomaterial. It has been studied extensively as a candidate biomaterial for prosthetic applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) does not have the mechanical strength to enable it to succeed in long term load bearing applications. Therefore, Its mechanical properties may be improved with addition of zirconia powders. The aim of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite by producing composite material including zirconia and silica powders. Therefore, hydroxyapatite was mixed with 5 wt% zirconia, 5 wt% silica powders and then this pressed mixture were sintered at different temperatures (1100-1300°C). The sintering behavior, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties were investigated.

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12

Vahdat, Armin, Behrooz Ghasemi, and Mardali Yousefpour. "Mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite and magnetic nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite adsorbents." South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 33 (July 2020): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2020.05.007.

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13

Sa’ad, Siti Zaleha, Norazura Ibrahim, and Nurul Nadiah Aris. "Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber / Hydroxyapatite Composite." Key Engineering Materials 876 (February 2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.876.77.

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Silicone rubber (SR) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are two well-known material that have been used as bone replacement. The flexibility and compatibility of SR and HA respectively, shows great performance and improvement in medical application. This paper investigate the mechanical properties of SR and HA composite with various phr loading of HA (0 - 30 phr). The results indicate that, HA loading phr of 25 phr and 30 phr were in the range of tensile strength of 5.76 MPa and 3.15 MPa respectively. Also, the hardness value of all the percentage loading of HA were above the hardness value of human vertebrae cancellous bone.

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14

Aoki, Hideki, and Masaeu Akao. "Fabrication and mechanical properties of sintered hydroxyapatite." JOURNAL OF THE STOMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY,JAPAN 57, no. 3 (1990): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.57.363.

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15

Watanabe, Hiroyuki, Naoko Ikeo, and Toshiji Mukai. "Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-dispersed magnesium composites." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 66, no. 6 (2016): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.66.318.

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16

Pan, Y. S., Q. Q. Shen, Y. Chen, K. Yu, C. L. Pan, and L. Zhang. "Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite reinforced polyetheretherketone biocomposites." Materials Technology 30, no. 5 (July 29, 2014): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1753555714y.0000000179.

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17

Aminzare, M., A. Eskandari, M. H. Baroonian, A. Berenov, Z. Razavi Hesabi, M. Taheri, and S. K. Sadrnezhaad. "Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites: Synthesis, sintering and mechanical properties." Ceramics International 39, no. 3 (April 2013): 2197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.023.

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18

Fidancevska, E., G. Ruseska, S. Zafirovski, and B. Pavlovski. "Thermal-expansion and mechanical properties of the Ca10(P04)6(OH)2-TiO2 composite." Science of Sintering 34, no. 3 (2002): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0203241f.

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Hydroxyapatite is a particularly attractive material for human tissue implantation. The intrinsic poor mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite material can lead to instability and unsatisfactory duration of the implant in the presence of body fluids and local loading. Addition of TiO2 in the hydroxyapatite matrix can enhance the mechanical properties of the obtained composite. The composite with 15 % TiO2 content shows a thermal stability of the system and improved mechanical properties.

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19

Ryu, Su-Chak, Sang-Ho Min, and Young-Min Park. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite β-TCP Composite with Changing SiO2Contents." Korean Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 9 (September 27, 2007): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2007.17.9.480.

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20

Tecu, Camelia, Aurora Antoniac, Gultekin Goller, Mustafa Guven Gok, Marius Manole, Aurel Mohan, Horatiu Moldovan, and Kamel Earar. "The Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite - Based Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 1272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.5.6306.

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Bone reconstruction is a complex process which involves an osteoconductive matrix, osteoinductive signaling, osteogenic cells, vascularization and mechanical stability. Lately, to improve the healing of the bone defects and to accelerate the bone fusion and bone augmentation, bioceramic composite materials have been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedics and dentistry, as well as in cosmetic surgery. Of all types of bioceramics, the most used is hydroxyapatite, because of its similar properties to those of the human bone and better mechanical properties compared to b-tricalcium phosphate [1]. Currently, the most used raw materials sources for obtaining the hydroxyapatite are: bovine bone, seashells, corals, oyster shell, eggshells and human teeth. There are two common ways to obtain hydroxyapatite: synthetically and naturally. Generally, for the improvement of the mechanical properties and the structural one, hydroxyapatite is subjected to the sintering process. Considering the disadvantages of hydroxyapatite such as poor biodegradation rate, b-TCP has been developed, which has some disadvantages too, such as brittleness. For this reason, the aim of this study is to look into the effect of adding magnesium oxide on the sintering behavior, the structure and the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate composites.

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21

Suciu, Oana, Teodora Ioanovici, and Liviu Bereteu. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Doped with Magnesium, Used in Bone Implants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 430 (September 2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.430.222.

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Hydroxyapatite is a biomaterial, more exactly a bioceramic, from a category of materials frequently used in bone implants. In order to improve mechanical properties, hydroxyapatite is doped with different chemical substitutes, among which the most used are: Mg2*, Zn 2*, La3*, Y3*, In3* Bi3* CO32-, Si and Mn. In the paper are presented the modality of obtaining hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium through wet precipitation method and also the determination of its main mechanical characteristics. There is also an analysis on the effects of magnesium on the following mechanical properties: density, hardness, longitudinal modulus of elasticity, conductibility and thermal stability.

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22

Raksujarit, Anirut, and Pakpoom Ratjiranukool. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Prepared from Micropowder and Nanopowder." Materials Science Forum 1074 (November 8, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5r4e0w.

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In this work, hydroxyapatite ceramics were prepared from hydroxyapatite micropowder and nanopowder. The hydroxyapatite nanopowder was obtained from natural buffalo bone by using a high speed vibro-milling machine for 2 hour. The green compacted pellets of all HA powders were subsequently sintered at 1200, 1250, 1300 and 1350°C for 3 hour and then the physical and mechanical characterizations as well as microstructural evaluation have been carried out. It was found that the optimum sintering temperature were 1250°C by fabricated from nanopowder which gave the HA nanoceramic with the maximum bending strength of 78.6±2.6 MPa. This is about 200% higher than that of the sample which fabricated from HA micropowder.

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23

Ai, Jafar, Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Esmaeil Biazar, Saeed Heidari K, and Rahim Jahandideh. "Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Starch Composite Filled Hydroxyapatite Micro- and Nanopowders." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/391596.

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Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible ceramic and reinforcing material for bone implantations. In this study, Starch-chitosan hydrogel was produced using the oxidation of starch solution and subsequently cross-linked with chitosan via reductive alkylation method (weight ratio (starch/chitosan): 0.38). The hydroxyapatite micropowders and nanopowders synthesized by sol-gel method (10, 20, 30, 40 %W) were composited to hydrogels and were investigated by mechanical analysis. The results of SEM images and Zetasizer experiments for synthesized nanopowders showed an average size of 100 nm. The nanoparticles distributed as uniform in the chitosan-starch film. The tensile modulus increased for composites containing hydroxyapatite nano-(size particle: 100 nanometer) powders than composites containing micro-(size particle: 100 micrometer) powders. The swelling percentage decreased for samples containing hydroxyapatite nanopowder than the micropowders. These nanocomposites could be applied for hard-tissue engineering.

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24

Patel, Nelesh, E. L. Follon, Iain R. Gibson, Serena Best, and William Bonfield. "Comparison of Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 240-242 (May 2003): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.240-242.919.

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25

Qin, Zhao, Alfonso Gautieri, Arun K. Nair, Hadass Inbar, and Markus J. Buehler. "Thickness of Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystal Controls Mechanical Properties of the Collagen–Hydroxyapatite Interface." Langmuir 28, no. 4 (January 18, 2012): 1982–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la204052a.

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26

Suchanek, Wojciech, Masatomo Yashima, Masato Kakihana, and Masahiro Yoshimura. "Hydroxyapatite/Hydroxyapatite-Whisker Composites without Sintering Additives: Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80, no. 11 (November 1997): 2805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03197.x.

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27

Hadi, Zohreh, Neda Hekmat, and Fariba Soltanolkottabi. "Effect of hydroxyapatite on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of starch-based bio-nanocomposite films." Composites and Advanced Materials 31 (January 2022): 263498332210877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833221087755.

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In this research, nanocomposite films based on starch were developed with the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a mineral filler. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by a chemical method using calcium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate. Various concentrations of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were mixed with starch, and the developed films were evaluated in terms of physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. The highest values of mechanical parameters (tensile strength and elongation at break) were determined for the starch/hydroxyapatite film at 15 wt.% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles concentration (3.03 MPa, 37.41%, respectively). As hydroxyapatite concentration was increased from 0 to 20 wt.%, the solubility in water of the films decreased, whereas the solubility in acid increased. The crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite decreased the transparency of film and increased transparency value. Thus, a biodegradable film could be obtained with the addition of hydroxyapatite as a reinforcement filler up to 15 wt.%. It could be developed as a sustainable alternative for packaging industry.

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28

Ranito, Cláudia M. S., Fernando A. Costa Oliveira, and João P. Borges. "Mechanical Characterization of Dense Hydroxyapatite Blocks." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1083.

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Bioactive dense HAp ceramics possess a unique set of properties, which make them suitable as bone substitute. However, both physical and mechanical properties of HAp have to be evaluated in order to produce new materials that match the bone stiffness. This paper highlights the influence of both porosity and grain size on the four-point flexural strength and the indentation fracture toughness of pure dense HAp blocks sintered at 1300°C. Both discs and rectangular bars were produced by uniaxial pressing at 40MPa and sintered in static air at temperatures between 1150 and 1325°C for 1 h in order to assess the densification behaviour of the P120S medical grade HAp powder used. After sintering, both the density and the open porosity were measured. In addition to FT-IR, XRD and SEM, the mechanical properties of the dense HAp blocks, including Young´s modulus, flexural strength, Vicker´s hardness and fracture toughness, were characterized and whenever possible these properties were compared to those reported for cortical bone. Pressureless sintering to full density at temperatures below 1300°C does not occur for the stoichiometric powder used. The results obtained underline the importance of full mechanical characterisation of dense HAp so that new implant materials can be developed. There is a need to improve the microstructure and thus enhance mechanical strength of HAp ceramics, as it was found that flexural strength is closely related to the micropores present in the sintered samples.

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29

Kye, Sung Bong, and Soo Nam Park. "Morphology and Mechanical Properties through Hydroxyapatite Powder Surface Composite." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 27, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1036.

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30

Demirkol, N., Ahmet Yavuz Oral, Faik Nüzhet Oktar, and E. S. Kayali. "Effects of Commercial Inert Glass (CIG) Addition on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Chicken Hydroxyapatite (CHA)." Key Engineering Materials 587 (November 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.587.33.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be obtained by both synthetic and natural methods. The synthetic hydroxyapatite is the most commonly used type of HA and it is highly reliable. However fabrication of synthetic hydroxyapatite is complex and expensive. The production of natural hydroxyapatite is easy and inexpensive. In spite of being a biocompatible and bioactive material, hydroxyapatite has a limited usage as an implant material because of its weak mechanical properties. For this reason, HA based composites are required to supply improvement of strength and toughness of the implant materials without losing biocompatibility. In this study, HA composites were synthesized by using natural chicken hydroxyapatite (CHA) reinforced with 5 and 10wt. % commercial inert glass (CIG) powders. Then their physical, mechanical, microstructural properties were characterized. Finally, the most suitable CIG containing CHA composite for orthopedical applications was determined.

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31

Wongmaneerung, Rewadee. "Effect of M-Type Hexaferrites on Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.611.

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The overall aim of this study is to establish the inter-relationships between phase formations, mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the novel ceramic in hydroxyapatite system for biomaterial applications. First, barium hexaferrite and strontium hexaferrite powders were prepared as M-type hexaferrite phases. Hydroxyapatite was prepared from cockle shells via co-precipitation method. After that, a combination between hydroxyapatite+barium hexaferrite and hydroxyapatite+strontium hexaferrite was mixed together then shaping and sintering at 1200 °C for 2 h. The sintered samples were characterized phase formation, mechanical and magnetic properties by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Universal testing and VSM measurements, respectively. XRD patterns for all samples showed a combination between hydroxyapatite and hexaferrite phases. Compressive strength of all samples tends to increase with increasing of the amount of hexaferrite phases due to densification mechanism. However, the increasing of these values, it appears that there is no difference in the statistical significant. For magnetic properties, the coexistence of barium hexaferrite and strontium hexaferrite phases reveals magnetic hysteresis loops, showing the change from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior.

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32

Guo, Ya-Ping, Jun-Jie Guan, Jun Yang, Yang Wang, Chang-Qing Zhang, and Qin-Fei Ke. "Hybrid nanostructured hydroxyapatite–chitosan composite scaffold: bioinspired fabrication, mechanical properties and biological properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 23 (2015): 4679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00175g.

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33

de Oliveira, Marize Varella, Magna Monteiro Schaerer, Robson Pacheco Pereira, Ieda Maria V. Caminha, Silvia R. A. Santos, and Antonella M. Rossi. "Influence of Processing on Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.587.

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In the present work, mechanical properties of a stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA), synthesized by hydrothermal method, with 1.66 Ca/P molar ratio are investigated as a function of the processing parameters. Cylindrical samples were processed by uniaxial compacting, followed by sintering, aiming to obtain high density HA samples. Density values were obtained by the geometric method and SEM images were taken from HA samples in order to characterize their topography and to determine the grain size for each set of samples. Vickers micro-hardness was measured for each set of samples. Compressive strength of cylindrical samples with 2.0 mean diameter/height ratio was measured reporting load to failure divided by the cross-sectional area of the samples. Vickers micro-hardness and compaction strength values of the samples were found to be in agreement with the relative density and grain size values.

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34

Niespodziana, Katarzyna, Karolina Jurczyk, and Mieczyslaw Jurczyk. "Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Titanium–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.217.

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In the present work Ti-HA (3, 10, 20, 50 vol%) nanocomposites were produced by the combination of mechanical alloying and powder metallurgical process. The experimental results show, that Ti-HA nanocomposites have better mechanical and corrosion properties in comparison with microcrystalline titanium. For example: Vickers microhardness of Ti-10 vol% HA nanocomposite is 1500 HV0.2 (pure Ti metal – 250 HV0.2) and corrosion resistance in Ringer solution is Ic = 1.19 • 10-7 A/cm2, Ec = -0.41 V for Ti-10 vol% HA and Ic = 1.31 • 10-5 A/cm2, Ec = -0.36 V for Ti. In conclusion, titanium – ceramics nanocomposite are suitable for hard tissue replacement from the point of view of both mechanical and corrosion properties.

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35

Monthien, Chanoknan, Kanjana Silikulrat, Gobwute Rujijanagul, Tawee Tunkasiri, Sittiporn Punyanitya, and Anirut Raksujarit. "Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Dense Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.771.

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During recent years, there have been efforts in developing nanocrystalline bioceramics, to enhance their mechanical and biological properties for use in hard tissue engineering applications. In this work, we study the effects of some sintering additive nanopowders dopants on the properties of the sintered HA structures. Calculated quantities of silica nanopowders are incorporate as dopants into dried HA nanopowder. The mixing powders are uniaxially compacted and then sintered at 1200°C by rate-controlled sintering method in air. Compositional, microstructural, morphological and mechanical characterizations are carried out on sintered HA samples.

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36

Yamaguchi, Isamu, K. Tokuchi, H. Fukuzaki, Yoshihisa Koyama, Kazuo Takakuda, H. Monma, and M. Tanaka. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 192-195 (September 2000): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.192-195.673.

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37

Watazu, Akira, Akira Kamiya, J. Zhu, Toru Nonami, Tsutomu Sonoda, W. Shi, and K. Naganuma. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Granule-Implanted Titanium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 240-242 (May 2003): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.240-242.931.

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38

Erkmen, Z. E., Y. Genç, and F. N. Oktar. "Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite?Zirconia Composites." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, no. 9 (September 2007): 2885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01849.x.

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YANG, Chun, Ying-kui GUO, and Mi-lin ZHANG. "Thermal decomposition and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite ceramic." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20, no. 2 (February 2010): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60131-x.

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Silva, C. C., D. Thomazini, A. G. Pinheiro, F. Lanciotti, J. M. Sasaki, J. C. Góes, and A. S. B. Sombra. "Optical properties of hydroxyapatite obtained by mechanical alloying." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 63, no. 9 (September 2002): 1745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3697(01)00262-1.

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Abu Bakar, M. S., P. Cheang, and K. A. Khor. "Mechanical properties of injection molded hydroxyapatite-polyetheretherketone biocomposites." Composites Science and Technology 63, no. 3-4 (February 2003): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00230-0.

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Horng Yih Juang and Min Hsiung Hon. "Fabrication and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-alumina composites." Materials Science and Engineering: C 2, no. 1-2 (December 1994): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-4931(94)90033-7.

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43

Akindoyo, John O., Mohammad D. H. Beg, Suriati Ghazali, Hans P. Heim, and Maik Feldmann. "Impact modified PLA-hydroxyapatite composites – Thermo-mechanical properties." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 107 (April 2018): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.01.017.

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44

Viswanath, B., R. Raghavan, U. Ramamurty, and N. Ravishankar. "Mechanical properties and anisotropy in hydroxyapatite single crystals." Scripta Materialia 57, no. 4 (August 2007): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.04.027.

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45

Martin, R. I., and P. W. Brown. "Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite formed at physiological temperature." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 6, no. 3 (March 1995): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00120289.

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46

Oktar, F. N. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered enamel hydroxyapatite." Ceramics International 33, no. 7 (September 2007): 1309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.05.022.

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47

Dudek, Agata, and Zygmunt Nitkiewicz. "Structural Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Sinters with Addition of ZrO₂ Phase." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.658.

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Abstract:

A range of benefits of implants containing hydroxyapatites results, among other things, from their phase composition and degree of porosity. Poor mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics considerably limit its wider use. One of the methods for improvement of poor HA properties is addition of solid solution of Y2O3 in ZrO2. [1-8]. The investigations focused on compositions of ceramic powders based on hydroxyapatite with addition of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 + 8%wt. Y2O3 and ZrO2 + 20%wt. Y2O3). The powders were axially compacted and then sintered at the temperature of 13000C for two hours. After the process of sintering the samples were subjected to analysis of microstructure, phase composition and geometrical measurements in order to determine volume density in each sample.

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Jalili Marand, Maryam, Mostafa Rezaei, Amin Babaie, and Reza Lotfi. "Synthesis, characterization, crystallinity, mechanical properties, and shape memory behavior of polyurethane/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 14 (June 17, 2020): 1662–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20932212.

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Herein, polycaprolactone diols with diverse molecular weights were synthesized by ring-opening method. Then, polyurethanes were synthesized through two-step pre-polymerization method by polyaddition of hydroxyl and –NCO groups. Afterward, a set of polyurethanes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were synthesized through solution casting as well as in situ polycondensation methods. The exact nominal molecular weights of the synthesized polycaprolactones were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance). Hydrogen bonding index of ester and urethane carbonyl groups (HBI(C = O)) of samples was determined through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the incorporating of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles has reduced HBI(C = O). X-ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry thermographs confirmed the barrierity and nucleation performance of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, and the variation of phase mixing degree of polyurethane’s hard and soft segments has altered the crystals size and degree of crystalline in polyurethane/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. Field emission scanning electron microscope images showed that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been uniformly dispersed through in situ polymerization method. Mechanical properties were studied in the terms of HBI(C = O), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles content, and degree of crystallinity. Two different programming procedures were used to evaluate shape fixity and recovery ratios of samples at room temperature and 60°C.

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Demirkol, N., Onur Meydanoglu, Hasan Gökçe, F. N. Oktar, and E. S. Kayali. "Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Sheep Hydroxyapatite (SHA) and Commercial Synthetic Hydroxyapatite (CSHA)-MgO Composites." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.588.

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In this study, microstructures and mechanical properties of sheep hydroxyapatite (SHA) and commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite (CSHA)-MgO composites were investigated. The production of hydroxyapatite (HA) from natural sources is preferred due to economical and time saving reasons. The goal of development of SHA and CSHA based MgO composites is to improve mechanical properties of HA. SHA and CSHA composites were prepared with the addition of different amounts of MgO and sintered at the temperature range of 1000-1300 °C. The physical and mechanical properties were determined by measuring density, compression strength and Vickers microhardness (HV). Structural characterization was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. In all composites, mean density values and mechanical properties increased with increasing sintering temperature. The increase of MgO content in SHA-MgO composites showed better mechanical properties in contrast to CSHA-MgO composites. Although the highest hardness and compression strength values were obtained at the SHA-10wt% MgO composite sintered at 1300°C, higher hardness and compression strength values were achieved with 5 wt% MgO addition at the CSHA-MgO composites when compared to SHA-MgO composites sintered between 1000-1200°C.

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Bang, L. T., B. D. Long, and R. Othman. "Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and Silicon-Substituted Carbonate Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Solubility Evaluations." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/969876.

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The present study investigates the chemical composition, solubility, and physical and mechanical properties of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CO3Ap) and silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (Si-CO3Ap) which have been prepared by a simple precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques were used to characterize the formation of CO3Ap and Si-CO3Ap. The results revealed that the silicate (SiO44-) and carbonate (CO32-) ions competed to occupy the phosphate (PO43-) site and also entered simultaneously into the hydroxyapatite structure. The Si-substituted CO3Ap reduced the powder crystallinity and promoted ion release which resulted in a better solubility compared to that of Si-free CO3Ap. The mean particle size of Si-CO3Ap was much finer than that of CO3Ap. At 750°C heat-treatment temperature, the diametral tensile strengths (DTS) of Si-CO3Ap and CO3Ap were about10.8±0.3and11.8±0.4MPa, respectively.

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