Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties"

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Şimşek, D., R. Çiftçioğlu, M. Güden, M. Çiftçioğlu, and Ş. Harsa. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Composites Reinforced with Hydroxyapatite Whiskers." Key Engineering Materials 264-268 (May 2004): 1985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.1985.

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Afriani, Fitri, Evi J, Zaitun Zaitun, and Yuant Tiandho. "Improvement of Hardness of Hydroxyapatite by the Addition of Silica from Tin Tailings." Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v2i2.48.

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The application of bone scaffolding in bone therapy is an alternative solution developed in bone tissue engineering technology to avoid bone donors' scarcity. The main requirement for a material that can be used as a scaffold is that it is biocompatible. Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate ceramic that is often used as the primary material for scaffolding because it has good biocompatibility properties. However, like most ceramics, hydroxyapatite has low mechanical properties. In this study, we synthesized hydroxyapatite from cockleshell waste. To improve hydroxyapatite's mechanical properties (hardness), we added silica from tin tailings to hydroxyapatite. Through the analysis of the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, it was found that hydroxyapatite was successfully synthesized from cockleshell using the co-precipitation method. Analysis of the diffraction pattern of tin tailings also shows that most of the crystals comprising tin tailings sand are silica in the ?-quartz phase. The addition of silica to hydroxyapatite followed by compaction and sintering at a temperature of 800 ? did not produce a new crystal phase. The addition still has a diffraction pattern consisting of a combined XRD pattern of hydroxyapatite and silica. Based on the hardness test using the Vickers hardness method, it is known that the addition of silica can increase the hardness of hydroxyapatite.
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Muslim, Y. R., J. Knowles, and J. Howlett. "Mechanical Properties of Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite." Annals of Dentistry 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2005): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol12no1.5.

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Nordström, E. G., H. Herø, and R. B. Jørgensen. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Mica Composite." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 4, no. 4 (1994): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-1994-4406.

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Ibrahim, Nurul Farhana, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, and Nurazreena Ahmad. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced 45S5." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.29.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) has similar constituent with natural bone mineral and is able to evoke apatite formation on the bone interface. Similarly, bioactive glass (BG) such as 45S5 has the ability to induce bone formation when exposed to physiological environment. However, both materials have drawbacks in mechanical properties such as brittleness and low compressive strength. Hence, HA-BG composite has potential for enhance properties. The current work aims to assess the effects of BG addition in HA system focusing on mechanical properties.
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Suchanek, Wojciech, Masatomo Yashima, Masato Kakihana, and Masahiro Yoshimura. "Processing and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite reinforced with hydroxyapatite whiskers." Biomaterials 17, no. 17 (January 1996): 1715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(96)87652-6.

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Teraoka, K., A. Ito, K. Maekawa, K. Onuma, T. Tateishi, and S. Tsutsumi. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite and OH-carbonated Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals." Journal of Dental Research 77, no. 7 (July 1998): 1560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345980770071201.

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Demirkol, N., F. N. Oktar, and E. S. Kayali. "Influence of Niobium Oxide on the Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.29.

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The goal of this study is to produce and to investigate the mechanical and microstructural properties of composite materials made of hydroxyapatite, obtained from both natural sheep bone and commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite with niobium oxide addition ( 5 and 10 wt%). The samples were subjected to sintering at different temperatures between 1000°C and 1300°C. Microstructures and mechanical properties of sheep hydroxyapatite (SHA) and commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite (CSHA)-niobium oxide composites were investigated. The production of hydroxyapatite (HA) from natural sources is preferred due to economical reason. The aim of development of SHA and CSHA based niobium oxide composites is to improve mechanical properties of HA. The physical and mechanical properties were determined by measuring density, compression strength and Vickers microhardness (HV). Structural characterization was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. In all composites, density values and mechanical properties increased with increasing sintering temperature. The increase of niobium oxide content in all composites showed better mechanical properties. Both of SHA and CSHA composites with at 1300°C sintering temperature showed nearly the same compression strength value.
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Zhu, Qing Xia, Wei Hui Jiang, Chuan Shao, and Yi Bao. "Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.989.

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The carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) was synthesized by precipitation-calcination method. The influences of carbonate subsitution on high-temperature sintering, thermal expansion coefficient (CET) and flexural strength were investigated by the high-temperature dilatometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine. The results showed that the sintering temperatures of CHA were related to the initial carbonate contents. The sintering temperature decreased with increasing initial carbonate contents. The CET of CHAs decreased with the increase of carbonate content, due to the stoma caused by the partially decompostion of CHAs. The CHA ceramics tested were as strong in flexure strength when compared to non-carbonated hydroxyapatite.
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Park, Sang Shik, Hee Jung Lee, Ik Hyun Oh, and Byong Taek Lee. "Effects of Ag-Doping on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Films." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.113.

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Ag-doped hydroxyapatite films were deposited on a ZrO2 substrate using r.f. magnetron sputtering to improve the bioaffinity and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite. The resulting hydroxyapatite films exhibited a variation in their microstructure and mechanical properties relative to the Ag content. The variation in the (Ca, Ag)/P ratios suggested that some of the Ca2+ ions in the hydroxyapatite were replaced with Ag+ ions. After annealing at 800oC, the hydroxyapatite films showed a microstructure with crystalline nano-grains, whereas the Ag-doped hydroxyapatite films revealed the formation of crystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix. The hydroxyapatite films showed an average roughness of about 3~4nm, very smooth surface, and dense microstructure. The hardness and modulus of the films decreased with an increasing Ag content.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties"

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Basar, Burcin. "Structural, Mechanical, And Biocompatibility Investigations Of Yttrium And Fluoride Doped Nano Hydroxyapatite." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610331/index.pdf.

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In this study, it was aimed to investigate the structural, mechanical and biological properties of nano hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with yttrium and fluoride with different compositions. HAs were synthesized by precipitation method. After sintering at 900oC, 1100oC or 1300oC for 1 hour, the structural properties of HAs were investigated by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. High relative densities (above 88 % of relative density) were achieved after sintering. No second phases were observed in XRD measurements. Hexagonal lattice parameters and unit cell volumes of doped HAs decreased indicating the substitutions of ions. Characteristics absorbtion bands of HA and additional bands due to fluoride substitutions were observed in FTIR patterns. SEM images showed that grain sizes decreased with increasing doping amounts and decreasing sintering temperatures. Discs prepared by cold pressing were sintered at 900oC, 1100oC and 1300oC for 1 hour to determine mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of HAs were found to be directly related to the sintering temperatures and amount of dopings. Biocompatibility of pure and doped HA discs was assessed with in vitro cytotoxicity studies. Cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation state of cells were studied using MTT, ALP and calcium assays and SEM. Cell attachment and proliferation were enhanced with dopings and increasing sintering temperatures. The highest ALP production and calcium deposition were observed on HAs sintered at 1100oC. In vitro studies revealed that 1100oC was the sintering temperature for best cell responses. Specifically, 2.5YFHA seemed to be promising as an alternative for pure HA among all doped HAs.
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Погорєлов, Максим Володимирович, Максим Владимирович Погорелов, Maksym Volodymyrovych Pohorielov, Віталій Зіновійович Сікора, Виталий Зиновьевич Сикора, Vitalii Zinoviiovych Sikora, O. V. Kalinkevich, S. N. Danilchenko, and V. N. Deyneka. "Bone mechanical properties with chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite implants: a rat model." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27502.

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Wong, Siu Ming. "Relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties of PLA/HA system /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIEN%202004%20WONG.

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Kim, Hyunbin. "Synthesis and control of microstructure, mechanical properties, and bioactivity in biphasic and preferentially oriented calcium phosphate bioceramics." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/kim.pdf.

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Towler, Mark Robert. "Processing characterisation and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-zirconia composites for skeletal implants." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285169.

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Tyagi, Parul. "Study of nano-mechanical properties of 3D scaffolds prepared from polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/tyagi.pdf.

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Gill, Puneet Kamal S. "Assessment of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Mechanical and Biocompatible Properties." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/714.

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Biomaterials have been used for more than a century in the human body to improve body functions and replace damaged tissues. Currently approved and commonly used metallic biomaterials such as, stainless steel, titanium, cobalt chromium and other alloys have been found to have adverse effects leading in some cases, to mechanical failure and rejection of the implant. The physical or chemical nature of the degradation products of some implants initiates an adverse foreign body reaction in the tissue. Some metallic implants remain as permanent fixtures, whereas others such as plates, screws and pins used to secure serious fractures are removed by a second surgical procedure after the tissue has healed sufficiently. However, repeat surgical procedures increase the cost of health care and the possibility of patient morbidity. This study focuses on the development of magnesium based biodegradable alloys/metal matrix composites (MMCs) for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications. The Mg alloys/MMCs possessed good mechanical properties and biocompatible properties. Nine different compositions of Mg alloys/MMCs were manufactured and surface treated. Their degradation behavior, ion leaching, wettability, morphology, cytotoxicity and mechanical properties were determined. Alloying with Zn, Ca, HA and Gd and surface treatment resulted in improved mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, reduced cytotoxicity, lower pH and hydrogen evolution. Anodization resulted in the formation of a distinct oxide layer (thickness 5-10 μm) as compared with that produced on mechanically polished samples (~20-50 nm) under ambient conditions. It is envisaged that the findings of this research will introduce a new class of Mg based biodegradable alloys/MMCs and the emergence of innovative cardiovascular and orthopedic implant devices.
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Vakifahmetoglu, Cekdar. "Production And Properties Of Glass Bonded Apatite-wollastonite Bioceramics." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605852/index.pdf.

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Apatite containing bioceramic materials are considered to be potentially useful for replacement or repair of natural bone. In the present study, the aim was to produce a new composite bioceramic containing crystalline apatite and wollastonite phases with a bimodal grain size distribution. The manufacturing scheme was based on the liquid phase sintering process in which the compacts pressed from powders of apatite (HAP or Si­
HAP) and pseudowollastonite was sintered in the presence of a liquid phase. Three distinct fluxing agents, magnesium flux (MCAS), sodium feldspar and sodium frit (NCAS), were prepared to act as additives for generating the liquid phase during sintering. Among those, the use of sodium frit resulted in the expected bimodal microstructural assembly. During the sintering studies, it was discovered that the apatite component of the ceramic was prone to compositional modifications by reaction with the liquid phase. This interaction resulted in a formation of siliconized HAP which crystallized in the form of rod-like grains. Meanwhile wollastonite grains tended to exhibit faceted equiaxed morphology and bonded to rod-like apatite grains with the help of a glassy phase. The results showed significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of apatite-wollastonite composites compared to phase pure hydroxyapatite. For example, the sample with 47.5 wt% Si-HAP2 + 47.5 wt% W + 5 wt% NCASfrit had the highest value of flexural strength, 83.6 MPa, which was almost twice that of hydroxyapatite, 46.3 MPa. The results for other properties such as compressive strength, hardness and fracture toughness also demonstrated the benefit of apatite-wollastonite composite approach.
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Parakala, Padmaja. "Synthesis and characterisation of bulk and thin films of hydroxyapatite." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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Uswatta, Suren Perera. "Injectable Particles for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1481305175641452.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties"

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Nava-Miranda, Roberto, and Lucia Tíllez-Jurado. "Synthesis, Shaped and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Anatase Biomaterials." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 45–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118491867.ch6.

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Morks, M. F., and Akira Kobayashi. "Mictostructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 389–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144145.ch59.

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Korach, Chad S., Gary Halada, and Hani Mubarez. "Effects of Processing Conditions on Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Biocomposite Mechanical Properties." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 125–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0219-0_17.

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Zhang, Yin, Yoshiyuki Yokogawa, and Tetsuya Kameyama. "Advanced Mechanical Properties of Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Prepared Using Hydroxyapatite Slip and its Slurry Synthesis." In Bioceramics 20, 151–54. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.151.

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Jin, Hyeong Ho, Won Ki Lee, Hong Chae Park, and Seog Young Yoon. "Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Scaffolds Reinforced by Hydroxyapatite." In Materials Science Forum, 765–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-431-6.765.

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Benmarouane, A., T. Hansen, Pierre Millet, and Alain Lodini. "Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite in Bone at the Interface with Implants." In Materials Science Forum, 951–56. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-414-6.951.

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Roy, Mangal, Amit Bandyopadhyay, and Susmita Bose. "Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti: Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical and Biological Properties." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 147–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144565.ch15.

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Park, Sang Shik, Hee Jung Lee, Ik Hyun Oh, and Byong Taek Lee. "Effects of Ag-Doping on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Films." In Key Engineering Materials, 113–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-958-x.113.

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Oktar, Faik N., H. Aydin, Gultekin Göller, Simeon Agathopoulos, G. Rocha, B. Sennaroglu, and Eyup Sabri Kayalı. "Influence of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Biologically Derived Hydroxyapatite Bodies." In Bioceramics 18, 45–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-992-x.45.

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Zhao, J., S. G. Xiao, Jian Xin Wang, and Jie Weng. "The Effect of Particle Morphologies on Mechanical Properties of Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold." In Bioceramics 20, 179–82. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.179.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties"

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Suciu, Oana, Liviu Bereteu, and Gheorghe Drăgănescu. "Determination of mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium." In TIM 2012 PHYSICS CONFERENCE. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4832807.

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Younesi, Mousa, Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom, and Hamidreza Fooladfar. "Influence of Hot Pressing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PP-HA Bio-Composites." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13148.

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This paper focuses on the effects of pressure and temperature in hot press molding on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-hydroxyapatite composites with two different types of silanated and unsilanated hydroxyapatite. Density, crystallinity, ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus and impact resistance were evaluated for the two types of composites. Increasing pressure caused enhancement of density, crystallinity, MFI, ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Increases in temperature increased MFI, ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus whilst decreased impact resistance of composites. Effects of increasing pressure and temperature on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-silanated hydroxyapatite were less than their effects on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-unsilanated hydroxyapatite. Micrographs showed changes in fracture mode from ductile to brittle with increasing pressure and temperature during hot press molding.
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Sun, L., C. C. Berndt, and K. A. Gross. "Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Flame Sprayed Hydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite Coatings." In ITSC2001, edited by Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor, and Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0321.

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Abstract Hydroxyapatite/polymer composite coatings of different volume ratios were produced using a Plastic Flame Spray (PFS) system. The intent of this processing is to obtain a coating with an optimal combination of biological and mechanical properties of these two materials for skeletal implants. The composite coatings were produced with a mechanical blend of EMMA and hydroxyapatite powder from a fluidized bed powder feeder. Characterization was conducted by scanning electron microscopy on the surface morphology, polished cross-sections and fracture surface morphology of the coatings. The bioactivity of the coatings was evaluated with a calcium ion meter, and the stress-strain behavior was investigated by tensile testing. The biological and mechanical properties were found to be related to the volume and the distribution of the hydroxyapatite in the polymer matrix.
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Li, Tingting, Ziqiang Gong, Haiying Dong, and Xiaoyun Li. "Synthesis and properties of faceted hexagonal hydroxyapatite nanotubes." In 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.78.

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Li, H., K. A. Khor, and P. Cheang. "HVOF Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings: Powders’ Melting State and Mechanical Properties." In ITSC2001, edited by Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor, and Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0099.

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Abstract In the present study, hydroxyapatite coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray technique. The as sprayed HA powders and coatings were analyzed with the aim to reveal the melting state of HA powders and its influence on coating properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed for the characterization of the starting powders and as-sprayed coatings. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to determine the recrystallization temperature of the amorphous phase in HVOF HA coating. Results show that different melting state of HA powders can be achieved through altering HA powder size and/or spray parameters. XRD result reveals that the as sprayed HA coating made from large powders with size of ~50 µm is composed of crystalline HA and very small amount of a-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). While the coatings deposited using fine powders around 30|im demonstrated a lot of amorphous phase besides crystalline HA and small amount of a-TCP. The recrystallization temperature of the amorphous phase in HA coating is ~720°C. The adhesive strength of the HVOF sprayed HA coatings is ~31MPa and is largely dependent on the melting state of HA powders. This suggests that the fully melted state of the feedstock can result in the formation of amorphous phase, and simultaneously decrease the adhesive strength. It also suggests that the melted fraction of the powders is the most critical factor influencing the adhesive strength and phase composition of HVOF HA coatings. The partial melting state of HA powders is beneficial in terms of adhesive strength and crystallinity.
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Younesi, Mousa, Mehdi Javidi, Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom, and Hamidreza Fooladfar. "Effect of Heat Treating Temperature on Chemical and Physical Properties of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced From Bovine Bone." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12574.

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This study focused on chemical and physical properties of Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by burning bone and heat treating the obtained bone ash at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 1100 °C) in an air furnace. The black ash was converted to a white powder after heat treatment. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy that were done on heat treated powders in different temperatures indicated that the white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any organic components of the bone. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction analysis were shown that phase transformation of the resulted hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate phases did not occur up to 1100 °C. X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that calcium and phosphorous were the main elements and magnesium and sodium were present as minor impurities. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that Ca/P ratio of this natural hydroxyapatite varies between 1.46 and 2.01. The resulted material was found to be thermally stable up to 1100 °C. The density of natural hydroxyapatite heat treated at 800 °C was measured to be 3.187 g/cm3.
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Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah, Rosmamuhamadani Ramli, Mahesh Kumar Talari, and Minaketan Tripathy. "Effect of titanium addition on mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite - Titanium nanocomposite." In 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163789.

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Tanaka, Masa-aki. "Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes / Hydroxyapatite Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering." In FLOW DYNAMICS: The Second International Conference on Flow Dynamics. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2204536.

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Ghofrani, Sadegh, and Ali Abouei Mehrizi. "Effect of hydroxyapatite fiber’s shape on mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement." In 2020 27th National and 5th International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbme51989.2020.9319410.

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Liu, Huinan, Wenping Jiang, Ajay Malshe, Jiping Cheng, and Dinesh K. Agrawal. "Improved Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Coating for Dental and Orthopedic Implants." In 2008 MRS Fall Meetin. Materials Research Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1140-hh03-03.

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