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Journal articles on the topic 'HYDROTREATED OIL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 16 April 2024

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1

Tilli, Aki, Tuomo Hulkkonen, Ossi Kaario, Martti Larmi, Teemu Sarjovaara, and Kalle Lehto. "Biofuel blend late post-injection effects on oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 9 (October 24, 2017): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417736466.

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In this article, the effects of different biofuel–diesel blends on engine oil dilution and diesel oxidation catalyst performance during late post-injections were investigated. The engine tests were made with an off-road diesel engine under low load conditions at 1200 r/min engine speed. During the experiments, oil samples were periodically taken from the engine oil and later analyzed. Emissions and temperatures before and after the diesel oxidation catalyst were also measured. The fuels studied were fossil EN590:2013 diesel fuel, 30 vol.% biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and 30 vol.% hydrotreated vegetable oil, which is a paraffinic diesel fuel fulfilling the EN15940 specification. The novelty of the study is based on two parts. First, similar late post-injection tests were run with blends of both hydrotreated vegetable oil and fatty acid methyl ester, giving a rare comparison with the fuels. Second, oil dilution and the fuel exit rates during normal mode without the late post-injections were measured. The results showed the oil dilution and the diesel oxidation catalyst performance to be very similar with regular diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil blend. With the fatty acid methyl ester blend, increased oil dilution, smaller temperature rise in the diesel oxidation catalyst and higher emissions were measured. This indicates that during diesel particulate filter regeneration by late post-injections, fatty acid methyl ester blends increase fuel consumption and require shorter oil change intervals, while hydrotreated vegetable oil blends require no parameter changes.

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2

Tarusov, D. V., V. K. Slakaev, G. S. Mutovkin, V. E. Znaemov, A. N. Karpov, N. Y. Bashkirtseva, A. V. Tarasov, and D. V. Borisanov. "Changing the properties of narrow fractions in the process of hydrotreating light coking gas oil." World of petroleum products 04 (2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-4-36-41.

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Currently, the main products of the delayed coking plant in the Russian Federation (after hydrotreating) are gasoline and diesel fuel summer. The paper presents the results of a study of the properties of narrow fractions of coking gas oil and hydrotreated coking gas oil, which showed the prospect of organizing production based on the coking process of more marginal aviation kerosene and winter diesel fuel. The separation of products into narrow 20 degree fractions was carried out on an automatic distillation unit AUTOMAXX 9100. The dependences of nitrogen, sulfur, aromatics, density, and low-temperature properties on the boiling temperatures of narrow fractions of the composition of light coking gas oil and hydrotreated light coking gas oil have been studied. Analysis of the properties of narrow fractions of hydrotreated light coking gas oil has shown the theoretical possibility of obtaining fractions of jet fuel and winter diesel fuel on its basis, instead of summer diesel fuel.

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3

Glebov, L. S., and E. V. Glebova. "Pyrolysis of hydrotreated vacuum gas oil." Petroleum Chemistry 55, no. 3 (May 2015): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544115020103.

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4

Butsykina, Ekaterina R., Natalia N. Gerasimova, Ekaterina A. Shaleva, and Nadezhda I. Krivtsova. "Nitrogen-containing compounds of Kazakhstan petroleum vacuum gas oil." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/12/4217.

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Relevance. The need to accumulate data on nitrogen-containing compounds of heavy fractions, the share of which in secondary oil refining is steadily increasing every year. With the weight of raw materials the amount of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing components in it increases. The high content of heteroatomic compounds has a negative impact on catalytic processing, the quality and performance characteristics of the products obtained, and the environment. One of the widespread processes for upgrading crude oil, in particular, vacuum gas oil, is hydrotreating. However, during the catalytic hydrodesulfurization of heavy distillates the reactions of hydrogenolysis of organic sulfur compounds are inhibited in the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds. At the same time, the degree of hydrodenitrogenation of heavy oil fractions is relatively low. It is known that petroleum nitrogen-containing compounds are divided into nitrogenous bases titrated with acid solutions and nonbasic nitrogen compounds. Nitrogenous bases are represented mainly by alkylbenzo- and alkylnaphthenobenzo derivatives of pyridine. Nonbasic compounds may include benzologs of pyrrole and amides. Determining the composition of nitrogen-containing compounds in vacuum gas oil and studying their transformations during hydrotreatment is an important and actual problem. Aim. Comparative study of high- and low-molecular nitrogenous bases and nonbasic nitrogen-containing compounds of vacuum gas oil of Kazakhstan oil before and after hydrotreating. Objects. Samples taken before and after the catalytic hydrotreatment of vacuum gas oil from Kazakhstan oil. Methods. Hydrotreatment, elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, benzene cryoscopy, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, structural group analysis. Results. The paper introduces a comparative characteristic of the composition and structure of high and low molecular weight nitrogenous bases from the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil. Under the conditions of hydrotreatment, the total removal of nitrogen was 6.56 wt %, and the content of Nbas. decreased by 36%. At the same time, nitrogenous bases in the hydrotreated product are characterized by low molecular weights. Using IR spectroscopy, similar structural fragments were identified in the nitrogen compounds of the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil: pyridine rings (1573–1574 cm–1), carboxylic (3209–3225 and 1701–1709 cm–1) and sulfoxide (1032–1033 cm–1) groups. Among the nitrogen-containing compounds of the original vacuum gas oil, amides (1647–1648 cm–1) were identified, which are absent in the composition of nitrogen-containing compounds of the hydrotreated vacuum gas oil. Hydrocarbon skeletons of molecules include aromatic (1599–1602 cm–1) and aliphatic fragments (2860–2960 and 1454–1460, 1377, 723–727 cm–1). In accordance with the results of the structural group analysis, the averaged molecules of high and low molecular weight nitrogenous bases of the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil are represented by naphthenoaromatic structures with different alkyl framing. The differences observed between the values of individual structural parameters of the nitrogenous bases average molecules of the original and hydrotreated vacuum gas oil may indicate the compounds transformations under study during hydrotreatment.

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5

Mohammed, Abdul Halim A. K., Hussaiin K. Hussaiin, and Tariiq M. Naiieff. "PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BINDER FROM IRAQI ASPHALT." Journal of Engineering 12, no. 01 (March 1, 2006): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2006.01.16.

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Basrah crude oil Vacuum residue 773+ K with specific gravity 1.107 and 4.87wt. % sulfur, wastreated with hexane commercial fraction provided from Al-Taji Gas Company for preparingdeasphaltened oil(DAO)suitable for hydrotreating process.Deasphaltening was carried out with 1h mixing time, 10ml:1g solvent to oil ratio and at roomtemperature. Hexane deasphaltened oil was hydrotreated on presulfied commercial Co-Mo/ 2 3 g − Al O catalyst in a trickle bed reactor. The hydrotreating process was carried out at temperature 660 K,LHSV 1.3h –1, H2/oil ratio 300 l/l and constant pressure of 4MPa. The hydrotreated product was distillated under vacuum distillation unit. It is found that the mixture of 75% of vacuum residue with 25% anthracene satisfies with requirements for graphite electrodes binder.

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6

Ibraheem, Muzher M., Abdulhaleem A. Mohammad, and Ayser T. Jarullah. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Sulfur and Metal Content of Basrah Crude Oil." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.16.2.04.

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In the present work, Basrah crude oil, atmospheric distillate of 305-623 K boiling range, vacuum distillate of 623-823 K boiling range, and wide petroleum distillate of boiling range 305-823 K are hydrotreated in trickle bed reactor using Cobalt- Molybdenum alumina as a catalyst. Hydrotreating temperatures are 598-648K, 598- 673K, 648-673K and 648K respectively while LHSV are 0.7-2 hr-1, 1 hr-1, 0.7-2 hr-1 respectively. The operating pressure and H2/Oil ratio for all experiments are kept constant at 3 Mpa and 300 liter/liter. The results show that Sulphur and metal content decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV. Vacuum residue of boiling range above 823K is mixed with hydrotreated atmospheric distillate, vacuum distillate and with the hydrotreated wide petroleum distillate. The temperature for hydrotreating the mixed sample is 648K and LHSV is 1 hr-1. It was found that hydrotreating crude oil is the best choice since it gives the highest removal of sulphur, vanadium and cobalt removal..

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7

Zhang, Ying, Xiu Chen, Linzhou Zhang, Quan Shi, Suoqi Zhao, and Chunming Xu. "Specification of the nitrogen functional group in a hydrotreated petroleum molecule using hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry." Analyst 145, no. 13 (2020): 4442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00772b.

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8

ISKENDIROV, B. ZH, G. F. SAGITOVA, S. Т. TANASHEV, and А. U. SARSENBAYEVA. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY OIL RESIDUES ON THE YIELDS OF CATALYTIC CRACKING PRODUCTS." Neft i Gaz, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2023-1.11.

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The results of the study of the process of catalytic cracking of fuel oil on a microspherical zeolite-containing catalyst showed that the cracking of a mixture consisting of hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (85% by weight) and sulfurous fuel oil (15% by weight) leads to an increase in the yield of catalytic distillate by 5.4 – 7.7% by weight, for a mass feed rate of 2 and 4 hours 1, respectively. At the same time, there is a change in the output of all distillate components compared to their output from pure vacuum gas oil. A decrease in coke deposition on the catalyst by 1.9 – 2.6% by weight and an improvement in the quality of the products obtained were found. The content of sulfur and unsaturated hydrocarbons in gasoline obtained from hydrotreated raw materials is less, aromatic compounds are more. Light and heavy gas oils also contain significantly less sulfur. These studies will deepen the oil refining process, increase the yield of catalytic distillate and reduce the environmental burden.

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9

Han, S., X. Cheng, S. Ma, and T. Ren. "Light Stability Improvement of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Oil." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, no. 14 (January 2010): 1326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802654020.

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10

Huang, T., X. G. Cheng, H. Gao, and R. X. Liang. "Composition of Floccules Formed in Hydrotreated Base Oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (March 11, 2009): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460701853952.

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11

Liu, Yong-Jun, and Zhi-Feng Li. "Structural Characterisation of Asphaltenes during Residue Hydrotreatment with Light Cycle Oil as an Additive." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/580950.

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Several atmospheric residues (AR) of Kuwaiti crude, in the absence, or in the presence, of light cycle oil (LCO) as an aromatic additive, were hydrotreated in an experimental plant. Asphaltenes (precipitated from Kuwaiti AR, a hydrotreated AR, and a hydrotreated blend of AR and LCO) were characterised by chemical structure and changes during residue hydrotreatment. The average structural parameters of these asphaltenes, obtained from a combined method of element analysis, average molecular weight, X-ray diffraction, and NMR, demonstrate that, after hydrotreatment, the aromatic cores of the asphaltenes become more compact and smaller whereas the peripheral alkyl branches are decreased in number and shortened. The influence of LCO on residue hydrotreating is also studied in terms of structural changes in the asphaltenes. The findings imply that LCO added to AR during hydrotreating improves the degree of aromatic substitution, the total hydrogen/carbon atomic ratio per average molecule, the distance between aromatic sheets and aliphatic chains, and so forth, by modifying the colloidal nature and microstructure of asphaltene: this is beneficial for the further hydroprocessing of AR. Three hypothetical average molecules are proposed to represent the changes undergone by such asphaltenes during hydrotreatment as well as the effects of additive LCO.

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12

Valeika, Gintaras, Jonas Matijošius, Olga Orynycz, Alfredas Rimkus, Antoni Świć, and Karol Tucki. "Smoke Formation during Combustion of Biofuel Blends in the Internal Combustion Compression Ignition Engine." Energies 16, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093682.

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The proposed changes to the legislation on diesel cars require intensification of work on the possibilities of reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by these vehicles. The subject of experimental research included in the manuscript was the Skoda Octavia with a 1.9 TDI (turbocharged direct injection) compression ignition engine (type 1Z). Light absorption measurements of smokiness of the exhaust gases emitted after combustion of various biofuels (conventional diesel, pure hydrotreated vegetable oil, hydrotreated vegetable oil, biobutanol) and their blends with fossil diesel fuel were studied. The measured light absorption coefficient is the reciprocal of the thickness of the layer, after passing through which the light has a ten times lower intensity. Its unit is the reciprocal of the meter (1/m or m−1). The results obtained by means of a standard smokiness meter indicate that the use of biofuels or their blends, in general, reduces smoke formation.

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13

Zeman, Petr, Vladimír Hönig, Martin Kotek, Jan Táborský, Michal Obergruber, Jakub Mařík, Veronika Hartová, and Martin Pechout. "Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil as a Fuel from Waste Materials." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040337.

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Biofuels have become an integral part of everyday life in modern society. Bioethanol and fatty acid methyl esters are a common part of both the production of gasoline and diesel fuels. Also, pressure on replacing fossil fuels with bio-components is constantly growing. Waste vegetable fats can replace biodiesel. Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) seems to be a better alternative. This fuel has a higher oxidation stability for storage purposes, a lower temperature of loss of filterability for the winter time, a lower boiling point for cold starts, and more. Viscosity, density, cold filter plugging point of fuel blend, and flash point have been measured to confirm that a fuel from HVO is so close to a fuel standard that it is possible to use it in engines without modification. The objective of this article is to show the properties of different fuels with and without HVO admixtures and to prove the suitability of using HVO compared to FAME. HVO can also be prepared from waste materials, and no major modifications of existing refinery facilities are required. No technology in either investment or engine adaptation of fuel oils is needed in fuel processing.

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14

YOSHIDA, Ryoichi, Tadashi YOSHIDA, Hideo NARITA, Yoshihisa HASEGAWA, Yosuke MAEKAWA, Junichi WATANABE, Shigeo SUGISHITA, Makoto MIYAZAWA, and Hiroyuki NIHEI. "Chemical characterization of shale oil and its hydrotreated product." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 68, no. 12 (1989): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.68.12_1064.

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15

CLARK, CHARLES R., PAUL W. FERGUSON, MARK A. KATCHEN, and DOUGLAS K. CRAIG. "Two-Generation Reproduction Study of Hydrotreated Shale Oil Vapors." Toxicological Sciences 18, no. 2 (1992): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/18.2.227.

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16

Trejo, Fernando, and Jorge Ancheyta. "Characterization of Asphaltene Fractions from Hydrotreated Maya Crude Oil." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 23 (November 2007): 7571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0700213.

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17

Sheng, Han, Ma Shujie, Qiu Feng, and Tianhui Ren. "Thermal stability improvement of hydrotreated naphthenic lube base oil." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 45, no. 3 (May 2009): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-009-0114-x.

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18

CLARK, C. "Two-generation reproduction study of hydrotreated shale oil vapors." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 18, no. 2 (February 1992): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(92)90050-r.

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19

Abbas, Abdullah A., Abdul A.-K. Mohammed, and Abdul Selam K. Al-Mayah. "Analytical characterization of reduced crude oil and hydrotreated products." Fuel 66, no. 6 (June 1987): 864–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90138-4.

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20

Han, Sheng, Chao Qiu, Xingguo Cheng, Shujie Ma, and Tianhui Ren. "Compositional Changes in Hydrotreated Naphthenic Oil under Ultraviolet Radiation." Petroleum Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (June 1, 2006): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-200041203.

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21

Shkol'nikov, V. M., V. Z. Zlotnikov, S. P. Rogov, Sh K. Bogdanov, I. O. Kolesnik, T. A. Dolbanova, V. P. Mikita, G. A. Vedyakin, S. D. Chernyshov, and I. B. Bronfin. "Production of lube oil base stock from hydrotreated feed." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 22, no. 9 (September 1986): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00722285.

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22

Garraín, Daniel, Yolanda Lechón, and Marta Santamaría. "Environmental externalities assessment of a palm hydrotreated vegetable oil." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no. 4 (February 1, 2016): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1100-8.

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23

Hilbers, Tim J., Lisette M. J. Sprakel, Leon B. J. van den Enk, Bart Zaalberg, Henk van den Berg, and Louis G. J. van der Ham. "Green Diesel from Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Process Design Study." Chemical Engineering & Technology 38, no. 4 (February 24, 2015): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201400648.

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24

Chen, Shih-Yuan, Takehisa Mochizuki, Masayasu Nishi, Hideyuki Takagi, Yuji Yoshimura, and Makoto Toba. "Hydrotreating of Jatropha-derived Bio-oil over Mesoporous Sulfide Catalysts to Produce Drop-in Transportation Fuels." Catalysts 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9050392.

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The bio-oil was largely produced by thermal pyrolysis of Jatropha-derived biomass wastes (denoted as Jatropha bio-oil) using a pilot plant with a capacity of 20 kg h-1 at Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Thailand. Jatropha bio-oil is an unconventional type of bio-oil, which is mostly composed of fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid amides, and derivatives, and consequently, it contains large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen ~20 wt.%, nitrogen ~ 5 wt.%, sulfur ~ 1000 ppm.). The heteroatoms, especially nitrogen, are highly poisonous to the metal or sulfide catalysts for upgrading of Jatropha bio-oil. To overcome this technical problem, we reported a stepwise strategy for hydrotreating of 100 wt.% Jatropha bio-oil over mesoporous sulfide catalysts (CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3) to produce drop-in transport fuels, such as gasoline- and diesel-like fuels. This study is very different from our recent work on co-processing of Jatropha bio-oil (ca. 10 wt.%) with petroleum distillates to produce a hydrotreated oil as a diesel-like fuel. Jatropha bio-oil was pre-treated through a slurry-type high-pressure reactor under severe conditions, resulting in a pre-treated Jatropha bio-oil with relatively low amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen < 20 wt.%, nitrogen < 2 wt.%, sulfur < 500 ppm.). The light and middle distillates of pre-hydrotreated Jatropha bio-oil were then separated by distillation at a temperature below 240 °C, and a temperature of 240–360 °C. Deep hydrotreating of light distillates over sulfide CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was performed on a batch-type high-pressure reactor at 350 °C and 7 MPa of H2 gas for 5 h. The hydrotreated oil was a gasoline-like fuel, which contained 29.5 vol.% of n-paraffins, 14.4 vol.% of iso-paraffins, 4.5 vol.% of olefins, 21.4 vol.% of naphthene compounds and 29.6 wt.% of aromatic compounds, and little amounts of heteroatoms (nearly no oxygen and sulfur, and less than 50 ppm of nitrogen), corresponding to an octane number of 44, and it would be suitable for blending with petro-gasoline. The hydrotreating of middle distillates over sulfide NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst using the same reaction condition produced a hydrotreating oil with diesel-like composition, low amounts of heteroatoms (no oxygen and less than 50 ppm of sulfur and nitrogen), and a cetane number of 60, which would be suitable for use in drop-in diesel fuel.

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25

Bedda, Kahina, Boudjema Hamada, Nikolay Kuzichkin, and Kirill Semikin. "Extractive purification of hydro-treated gas oil with N-methylpyrrolidone." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 1 (2017): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160523004b.

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The purification of a hydrotreated gas oil by liquid-liquid extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone as solvent has been studied. The results showed that this method, under appropriate experimental conditions, has reduced sulphur content of the gas oil from 174 ppm to 28 ppm, nitrogen content has decreased from 58 ppm to 15 ppm, aromatics content has diminished from 27.1 % to 13.8 % and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were totally extracted. The refined gas oil obtained can be used to produce clean diesel fuel for the environment.

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26

Mulyono, Ary Budi, Bambang Sugiarto, Muchammad Taufiq Suryantoro, Hari Setiapraja, Siti Yubaidah, Mochammad Ilham Attharik, Muhamad Raihan Ariestiawan, and Andro Cohen. "Effect of hydrotreating in biodiesel on the growth of deposits in the combustion chamber as a solution for the deposits reduction in the usage of biodiesel." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702014.

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The usage of biodiesel has been encouraged by government based on the issuance of The Regulation of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12/2015 on the supply, utilization, and administration of biofuels as other alternative fuels. This regulation sets mandatory biodiesel mixture by 30 percent for national energy consumption by 2025. But the usage of biodiesel with a larger percentage in diesel engines still leaves some problems with the decline of biodiesel fuel quality and the formation of deposits in combustion chamber and injectors. The purpose of this study is to compare biodiesel fuel (B20) with Hydrotreated Biodiesel (HBD) in an experiment by using fuel droplet method on a plate to observe the characteristics and mechanism of deposit formation. Plates are heated in few temperature variations in a sealed test rig so that the conditions are similar to the engine real conditions. Deposit growth of Hydrotreated Biodiesel as known as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) less better than Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). It may occurred because the lubricity of HVO is very low due to the absence of sulfur and oxygen compounds in the fuel, that causes oxidation that can lead to deposits in the combustion chamber.

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27

Arvidsson, Rickard, Sara Persson, Morgan Fröling, and Magdalena Svanström. "Life cycle assessment of hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape, oil palm and Jatropha." Journal of Cleaner Production 19, no. 2-3 (January 2011): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.02.008.

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28

Jarallah, Aysar Talip. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Aromatic Content at Basrah Crude Oil Hydrotreating." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2007): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.14.1.04.

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In Trickle Bed Reactor Basrah crude oil was hydrotreated using a common hydrotreating catalyst (Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3) . The operating conditions of this treating was, temperature (600 – 675 K) , Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) (0.6 – 1.9 hr-1) , constant pressure (3 Mpa) and H2/Oil ratio 300 L/L were performed. Experiments results show that aromatic content was reduced as temperature increases and LHSV decreases, as well as the aromatic saturation were greatly enhanced at the same condition .

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29

Baldauf, Emanuel, Anika Sievers, and Thomas Willner. "Heterogeneous catalysts for the production of hydrotreated cracked vegetable oil." Biofuels 8, no. 5 (October 5, 2016): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2016.1236005.

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30

Jokuty, Paula L., and Murray R. Gray. "Resistant nitrogen compounds in hydrotreated gas oil from Athabasca bitumen." Energy & Fuels 5, no. 6 (November 1991): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00030a004.

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31

Woods, J. R., J. Kung, J. Adjaye, L. S. Kotlyar, B. D. Sparks, and K. H. Chung. "Characterization of a Gas Oil Fraction and Its Hydrotreated Products." Petroleum Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (January 2, 2004): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-120024391.

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32

Han, S., H. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Cheng, S. Ma, and T. Ren. "Discoloration of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Base Oil at High Temperature." Petroleum Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (March 2007): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-200056831.

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33

Ershov, Mikhail A., Vsevolod D. Savelenko, Alisa E. Makhmudova, Ekaterina S. Rekhletskaya, Ulyana A. Makhova, Vladimir M. Kapustin, Daria Y. Mukhina, and Tamer M. M. Abdellatief. "Technological Potential Analysis and Vacant Technology Forecasting in Properties and Composition of Low-Sulfur Marine Fuel Oil (VLSFO and ULSFO) Bunkered in Key World Ports." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 1828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121828.

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Analysis of the very-low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) and ultra-low-sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO) bunkered in key ports in Asia, the Middle East, North America, Western Europe, and Russia is presented. The characteristics of said fuels, including density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, aluminum and silicon content, vanadium and nickel content, as well as pour point are investigated. Furthermore, the main trends and correlations are also discussed. Based on the graphical and mathematical analysis of the properties, the composition of the fuels is predicted. The key fuel components in Asian ports, the most important of which is Singapore, are hydrodesulfurized atmospheric residues (AR) (50–70%) and catalytic cracker heavy cycle oil (HCO) (15–35%) with the addition of other components, which is explained by the presence of a number of large oil refining centers in the area. In the Middle East ports, the most used VLSFO compositions are based on available resources of low-sulfur components, namely hydrodesulfurized AR, the production facilities of which were recently built in the region. In European ports, due to the relatively low sulfur content in processed oils, straight-run AR is widely used as a component of low-sulfur marine fuels. In addition, fuels in Western European ports contain on average significantly more hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (21%) than in the rest of the world (4–5%). Finally, a mixture of hydrotreated (80–90%) and straight-run fuel oil (10–15%) with a sulfur content of no more than 2.0–2.5% is used as the base low-sulfur component of marine fuels in the ports of Singapore and the Middle East.

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Vorob’ev, A. M., N. S. Belinskaya, D. A. Afanasieva, S. B. Arkenova, T. A. Kaliev, E. B. Krivtsov, E. N. Ivashkina, and N. I. Krivtsova. "Mathematical Modeling of the Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrotreatment." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 22, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2022-5-40-52.

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Thermochemical properties of molecules and thermodynamic characteristics of vacuum distillate hydrotreatment were calculated by quantumchemical methods. A kinetic model of the hydrotreatment process was developed using a formalized transformation scheme of hydrocarbons. The developed kinetic model was employed in numerical studies aimed to estimate the effect of the feedstock composition on the residual content of heteroatomic components in the product of vacuum gas oil hydrotreatment, the effect of temperature on the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen and sulfur in the hydrotreatment product, and the effect of the hydrogen-containing gas consumption on the content of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in the hydrotreated vacuum gas oil.

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35

Phimsen, Songphon, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Hiroshi Yamada, Tomohiko Tagawa, Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Navadol Laosiripojana, and Suttichai Assabumrungrat. "Oil extracted from spent coffee grounds for bio-hydrotreated diesel production." Energy Conversion and Management 126 (October 2016): 1028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.085.

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Han, S., H. Lin, and T. Ren. "Compositional Changes of Hydrotreated Naphthenic Rubber Base Oil Under High Temperature." Petroleum Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (June 15, 2009): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460802096337.

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37

Fabio de Sousa Santos, Marcelo A. Moret, and Lilian Lefol Nani Guarieiro. "Techniques Used for Determining the Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Presence in Diesel." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 5, no. 4 (February 3, 2023): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v5i4.261.

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Determining HVO content in diesel is essential for fuel quality control and other important aspects, so studying the techniques used for this purpose is necessary. In this article, the authors did a systematic review to determine the techniques used to define HVO in diesel and the efficiency of each technique. The results of the study showed that the use of techniques that are based on measuring the amount of C14 radiocarbon in the sample have good efficiency, but concerning the cost and time used to perform the exams, FTIR spectroscopy together with the use of Chemometric techniques is an excellent alternative for the study.

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Sobati, M. A., A. M. Dehkordi, and M. Shahrokhi. "Extraction of Oxidized Sulfur-Containing Compounds of Non-Hydrotreated Gas Oil." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 9 (July 14, 2010): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200900622.

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39

Zahos-Siagos, Iraklis, and Dimitrios Karonis. "Exhaust Emissions and Physicochemical Properties of Hydrotreated Used Cooking Oils in Blends with Diesel Fuel." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4308178.

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Hydroprocessing of liquid biomass is a promising technology for the production of “second generation” renewable fuels to be used in transportation. Its products, normal paraffins, can be further hydrotreated for isomerization in order to improve their cold flow properties. The final product, usually referred to as “paraffinic diesel,” is a high cetane number, clean burning biofuel which is rapidly gaining popularity among researchers and the industry. Nevertheless, the costly isomerization step can be omitted if normal paraffins are to be directly mixed with conventional diesel in low concentrations. In this work, nonisomerized paraffinic diesel produced through hydrotreating of used cooking oil (hydrotreated used cooking oil (HUCO)) has been used in 4 blends (up to 40% v/v) with conventional diesel fuel. The blends’ properties have been assessed comparatively to European EN 590 and EN 15940 standards (concerning conventional automotive diesel fuels and paraffinic diesel fuels from synthesis or hydrotreatment, resp.). Furthermore, the HUCO blends have been used in a standard stationary diesel engine-generator set. The blends have been considered as “drop-in replacements” for standard diesel fuel. As such, no engine modifications took place whatsoever. The engine performance and exhaust emissions of steady-state operation have been examined in comparison with engine operation with the baseline conventional diesel fuel.

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40

Tarusov, D. V., A. N. Karpov, and D. V. Borisanov. "Oil Products for Northern Territories on the Basis of Delayed Coking Process." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 637, no. 3 (2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2023-637-3-8-14.

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Possible risks of summer and inter-season fuel overproduction at the Russian Federation oil refineries are reviewed. Comprehensive analysis of properties of coking light gas oil narrow fractions hydrotreated at hydrogen pressure of 80 atm is conducted. Dependences of changes in density, cloud point, chilling point, content of aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen on weighting of fraction composition are considered. Based on the received data the components of jet fuel, winter and summer diesel fuel were compounded from narrow fractions. Received blends are analyzed for compliance with the requirements of corresponding GOSTs. The possibility to receive jet fuel, winter and summer diesel fuel from light coking gas oil at hydrogen pressure of 80 atm is shown.

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41

Karaba, Adam, Jan Patera, Petra Dvorakova Ruskayova, Héctor de Paz Carmona, and Petr Zamostny. "Experimental Evaluation of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils as Novel Feedstocks for Steam-Cracking Process." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091504.

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Hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVOs) are currently a popular renewable energy source, frequently blended into a Diesel-fuel. In the paper, HVO potential as feedstock for the steam-cracking process was investigated, since HVOs promise high yields of monomers for producing green polymers and other chemicals. Prepared HVO samples of different oil sources were studied experimentally, using pyrolysis gas chromatography to estimate their product yields in the steam-cracking process and compare them to traditional feedstocks. At 800 °C, HVOs provided significantly elevated ethylene yield, higher yield of propylene and C4 olefins, and lower oil yield than both atmospheric gas oil and hydrocracked vacuum distillate used as reference traditional feedstocks. The HVO preparation process was found to influence the distribution of steam-cracking products more than the vegetable oil used for the HVO preparation. Furthermore, pyrolysis of HVO/traditional feedstock blends was performed at different blending ratios. It provided information about the product yield dependence on blending ratio for future process design considerations. It revealed that some product yields exhibit non-linear dependence on the blending ratio, and therefore, their yields cannot be predicted by the simple principle of additivity.

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42

CHAO, Qiu, Han SHENG, Xingguo CHENG, and Tianhui REN. "Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Hydrotreated Transformer Base Oil by Potentiometric Titration." Analytical Sciences 21, no. 6 (2005): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.21.721.

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43

YONAHA, Masaki, Takayuki MATSUMOTO, Kotaro TANAKA, and Mitsuru KONNO. "G071041 Influence of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Blending on Diesel Fuel Solidification Charactersitics." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _G071041–1—_G071041–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._g071041-1.

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44

Han, S., Q. Chao, and T. Ren. "Separation and Characterization of Trace Phosphorus Compounds in Hydrotreated Lube Base Oil." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 31, no. 9 (April 7, 2009): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030701752701.

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45

Christensen, Earl D., Gina M. Chupka, Jon Luecke, Tricia Smurthwaite, Teresa L. Alleman, Kristiina Iisa, James A. Franz, Douglas C. Elliott, and Robert L. McCormick. "Analysis of Oxygenated Compounds in Hydrotreated Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil Distillate Fractions." Energy & Fuels 25, no. 11 (November 17, 2011): 5462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201357h.

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46

Ellis, John, and Jurgen Korth. "Removal of nitrogen compounds from hydrotreated shale oil by adsorption on zeolite." Fuel 73, no. 10 (October 1994): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90133-3.

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47

Luo, Yan, El Barbary Hassan, Vamshi Guda, Rangana Wijayapala, and Philip H. Steele. "Upgrading of syngas hydrotreated fractionated oxidized bio-oil to transportation grade hydrocarbons." Energy Conversion and Management 115 (May 2016): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.051.

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48

Hemanandh, J., and K. V. Narayanan. "Emission and Performance analysis of hydrotreated refined sunflower oil as alternate fuel." Alexandria Engineering Journal 54, no. 3 (September 2015): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.04.004.

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49

Bjørgen, Karl Oskar Pires, David Robert Emberson, and Terese Løvås. "Combustion and soot characteristics of hydrotreated vegetable oil compression-ignited spray flames." Fuel 266 (April 2020): 116942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116942.

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50

Lindfors, Christian, Ville Paasikallio, Eeva Kuoppala, Matti Reinikainen, Anja Oasmaa, and Yrjö Solantausta. "Co-processing of Dry Bio-oil, Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil, and Hydrotreated Bio-oil in a Micro Activity Test Unit." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 6 (June 9, 2015): 3707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00339.

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