Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrothermal deposits

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrothermal deposits'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrothermal deposits"

1

Magnall, Joseph M., Sarah A. Gleeson, and Suzanne Paradis. "A NEW SUBSEAFLOOR REPLACEMENT MODEL FOR THE MACMILLAN PASS CLASTIC-DOMINANT Zn-Pb ± Ba DEPOSITS (YUKON, CANADA)." Economic Geology 115, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4719.

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Abstract Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits are a subset of sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposits and provide our dominant resource of Zn. In the SEDEX model, base metals (Zn, Pb, Fe) are hydrothermally vented into sulfidic (euxinic) seawater and deposited coevally with the organic-rich mudstone host rock, resulting in laterally extensive layered mineralization. In the Selwyn Basin (Canada) at Macmillan Pass, two deposits (Tom, Jason) are well preserved in a succession of Upper Devonian mudstones and are considered type-characteristic examples of the SEDEX deposit model. As with a number of SEDEX deposits, at Macmillan Pass barite is abundant in the succession hosting hydrothermal mineralization. Early work presented a hydrothermal model for barite formation, in which barite coprecipitated with base metal sulfides in a redox-stratified water column. Recently, however, studies have both proposed an alternative diagenetic model for barite formation and provided more precise constraints on the chemistry of the hydrothermal fluid that entered the vent complexes. Here, we present a new model for Macmillan Pass in which sulfide mineralization occurred entirely within the subsurface. The introduction of hot (300°C) hydrothermal fluids into the shallow subsurface (<1-km depth) resulted in the thermal degradation of organic matter and generated CO2; this promoted barite dissolution, which both provided a source of sulfate for thermochemical sulfate reduction and increased the porosity and permeability within the system. Importantly, there was clear potential for the development of positive feedbacks and self-organization between diagenetic and hydrothermal processes, resulting in highly efficient ore-forming systems. In contrast to the SEDEX model, alteration footprints will be controlled by the mass transfer involved in (barite) replacement reactions rather than hydrothermal venting, and exploration criteria at a district scale should strongly favor highly productive continental margins.
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Tang, Pan, Juxing Tang, Xinghai Lang, Bin Lin, Fuwei Xie, Miao Sun, Faqiao Li, et al. "Biotite Geochemistry and Its Implication for the Difference in Mineralization in the Xiongcun Porphyry Cu–Au Ore District, Tibet." Minerals 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2023): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070876.

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The Xiongcun Cu–Au ore district is in the southern middle Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Tibet, and formed during Neo-Tethyan oceanic subduction. The Xiongcun ore district mainly comprises two deposits, the No. I and No. II deposits, which were formed by two individual mineralization events according to deposit geology and Re–Os isotopic dating of molybdenite. The No. I deposit is similar to a reduced porphyry copper–gold deposit, given the widespread occurrence of primary and/or hydrothermal pyrrhotite and common CH4-rich and rare N2-rich fluid inclusions. The No. II deposit, similar to classic oxidized porphyry copper–gold deposits, contains highly oxidized minerals, including magnetite, anhydrite, and hematite. The halogen chemistry of the ore-forming fluid from the No. I and No. II deposits is still unclear. Biotite geochemistry with halogen contents was used to investigate the differences in ore-forming fluid between the No. I and No. II deposits. Hydrothermal biotite from the No. I deposit, usually intergrown with sphalerite, is Mg-rich and classified as phlogopite and Mg-biotite, and hydrothermal biotite from the No. II deposit is classified as Mg-biotite. Hydrothermal biotite from the No. I deposit has significantly higher SiO2, MnO, MgO, F, Li, Sc, Zn, Rb, Tl, and Pb contents and lower Al2O3, FeOtot, Cl, Ba, Cr, V, Co, Ni, Y, Sr, Zr, Th, and Cu contents than the biotite from the No. II deposit. Hydrothermal biotites from the No. I and No. II deposits yield temperatures ranging from 230 °C to 593 °C and 212 °C to 306 °C, respectively. The calculated oxygen fugacity and fugacity ratios indicate that the hydrothermal fluid of the No. I deposit has a higher F content, oxygen fugacity, and log(fHF/fHCl) value and a lower log(fH2O/fHF) value than the hydrothermal fluid from the No. II deposit. The biotite geochemistry shows that the No. I and No. II deposits formed from different hydrothermal fluids. The hydrothermal fluid of the No. I deposit was mixed with meteoric waters containing organic matter, resulting in a decrease in oxygen fugacity and more efficient precipitation of gold. The No. I and No. II deposits were formed by a Cl-rich hydrothermal system conducive to transporting Cu and Au. The decreasing Cl, oxygen fugacity, and temperature may be the key factors in Cu and Au precipitation. Biotite geochemistry allows a more detailed evaluation of the halogen chemistry of hydrothermal fluids and their evolution within porphyry Cu systems.
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Pei, Dian Fei, Sheng Jun Miao, Guan Lin Huang, and Han Chen. "Study on Lognormal Distribution Characteristics of a Hydrothermal Gold Deposit Mineralization in Jiaodong Peninsula, China." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.289.

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As one of the most important type of gold deposits, hydrothermal gold deposit has become the hot research area of mineral deposits at present and for a long time to come because of its great economic value and ore-prospecting potentials. Mathematical statistics on mineralization abundance, including grade and linear productivity, of a hydrothermal gold deposit in Jiaodong Peninsula, were done. The results show that mineralization abundance of the hydrothermal gold deposit follows lognormal distribution which is consistent with traditional research findings, which have academic significance for further studies on hydrothermal gold mineralization characteristics and deposition mechanism.
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Camprubí, Antoni, Eduardo González-Partida, Antonin Richard, Marie-Christine Boiron, Luis González-Ruiz, César Aguilar-Ramírez, Edith Fuentes-Guzmán, Daniel González-Ruiz, and Claire Legouix. "MVT-Like Fluorite Deposits and Oligocene Magmatic-Hydrothermal Fluorite–Be–U–Mo–P–V Overprints in Northern Coahuila, Mexico." Minerals 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010058.

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The formation of most fluorite deposits in northern Coahuila (NE Mexico) is explained by MVT models, and is a part of the metallogenic province of northeastern Mexico. However, fluorite skarn deposits also occur in the same region, and there is evidence for late hydrothermal manifestations with no clear origin and evolution. The latter are the main focus of this study; in particular, F–Be–U–Mo–V–P stringers in the Aguachile-Cuatro Palmas area that overprint preexisting fluorite mantos. The region experienced the emplacement of several intrusives during the Eocene and the Oligocene that are collectively grouped into the East Mexico Alkaline Province (EMAP) and postdate MVT-like deposits. Some of these intrusives have associated skarn deposits; most of them are polymetallic, but the unusual El Pilote deposit contains fluorite mineralisation that was remobilised from MVT-like deposits. The formation of the Aguachile deposit (and, collectively, part of the Cuatro Palmas deposit) has been attributed to a shallow retrograde skarn model. The Cuatro Palmas and Las Alicias fluorite deposits consist of MVT-like deposits overprinted by late hydrothermal fluorite mineralisation rich in Be–U–Mo–V–P, and the Aguachile deposit consists entirely of the latter type. The systematic fluid inclusion study of MVT-like, skarn, and late hydrothermal fluorite deposits reveals a very different distribution of temperature and salinity data that allows the discrimination of mineralising fluids for the type of deposit. MVT-like deposits were formed by fluids with temperatures of homogenisation that range between 50 °C and 152 °C and salinities between 5 and 15.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The El Pilote fluorite skarn was formed by fluids with temperatures of homogenisation that range between 78 °C and 394 °C and salinities between 5 and 34 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and include CaCl2-rich brines with salinities that range between 24.5 and 29.1 wt.% CaCl2. Late shallow fluorite–Be–U–Mo–V–P hydrothermal deposits were formed by fluids with temperatures of homogenisation that range between 70 °C and 180 °C and salinities between 0.9 and 3.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent; the sole exception to the above is the La Fácil deposit, with salinities that range between 7.9 and 8.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent. While temperatures of homogenisation are similar between MVT-like and late hydrothermal deposits, and both even have hydrocarbon-rich fluid inclusion associations, the salinity of late deposits is similar to that of retrograde skarn fluids, although further diluted. However, homogenisation temperatures tend to be higher in late hydrothermal than in MVT-like deposits, thus making them more similar to retrograde skarn fluids. Although this characteristic cannot solely establish a genetic link between a retrograde skarn model and late hydrothermal deposits in the study area, the characteristics of fluids associated with the latter separate these deposits from those ascribed to an MVT-like model. Assuming that mineralising fluids for late fluorite–Be–U–Mo–V–P hydrothermal deposits may correspond to a retrograde skarn (or “epithermal”) deposit, the source for fluorine may be either from (A) the dissolution of earlier formed MVT-like deposits, (B) the entrainment of remaining F-rich basinal brines, or (C) hydrothermal fluids exsolved from highly evolved magmas. Possibilities A and B are feasible due to a hypothetical situation similar to the El Pilote skarn, and due to the occurrence of hydrocarbon-rich fluid inclusions at the La Fácil deposit. Possibility C is feasible because intrusive bodies related to highly evolved magmas would have provided other highly lithophile elements like Be, U and Mo upon the exsolution of their hydrothermal fluids. Such intrusive bodies occur in both study areas, and are particularly conspicuous at the Aguachile collapse structure.
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Fox, David C. M., Samuel C. Spinks, Milo Barham, Christopher L. Kirkland, Mark A. Pearce, Mehrooz Aspandiar, Renee Birchall, and Ed Mead. "Working up an Apatite: Enigmatic Mesoarchean Hydrothermal Cu-Co-Au Mineralization in the Pilbara Craton." Economic Geology 116, no. 7 (November 1, 2021): 1561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4842.

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Abstract Globally, significant examples of hydrothermal Cu-Co mineralization are rare within Archean greenstone belts, especially relative to the endowment of these terranes with other world-class hydrothermal ore deposits, particularly Au deposits. Using U-Pb geochronology of hydrothermal apatite, this study provides the first absolute age constraints on the timing of mineralization for the Carlow Castle Cu-Co-Au deposit. Carlow Castle is a complex, shear zone-hosted, veined Cu-Co-Au mineral system situated within the Paleo-Mesoarchean Roebourne greenstone belt of the Pilbara craton of northwestern Western Australia. Although U-Pb geochronology of this deposit is challenging due to low levels of radiogenic Pb in synmineralization apatite, mineralization is best estimated at 2957 ± 67 Ma (n = 61). Additionally, analysis of alteration phases associated with Carlow Castle mineralization suggests that it is dominated by a propylitic assemblage that is characteristic of alkaline fluid chemistry and peak temperatures >300°C. Within proximal portions of the northwest Pilbara craton, the period of Carlow Castle’s formation constrained here is associated with significant base-metal volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization and magmatic activity related to back-arc rifting. This rifting and associated magmatic activity are the most likely source of Carlow Castle’s unique Cu-Co-Au mineralization. Carlow Castle’s Mesoarchean mineralization age makes it among the oldest discovered Cu-Co-Au deposits globally, and unique in the broader context of hydrothermal Cu-Co-Au deposits. Globally, hydrothermal Cu-Co mineralization occurs almost exclusively as Proterozoic and Phanerozoic stratiform sediment-hosted Cu-Co deposits due to the necessity of meteorically derived oxidized ore fluids in their formation. This research therefore has implications for exploration for atypical Cu-Co deposits and Cu-Co metallogenesis through recognition of comparably uncommon magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Co-Au ore-forming processes and, consequently, the potential for analogous Cu-Co-Au mineralization in other Archean greenstone belts.
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Li, Jinwei, Lichuan Pan, Yitong Guo, and Shunfu Lu. "Multi-Isotopic Compositions of Ores from the Shizishan Cu–Au–Mo Orefield in the Tongling Region, Eastern China: Implications for Ore Genesis." Minerals 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070985.

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The Middle–Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB) hosts abundant porphyry–skarn–stratabound-type Cu–Au–Mo deposits. Despite extensive research, the origin of the stratabound-type deposits, which developed at the unconformity interface between the Devonian and Carboniferous strata in the MLYMB, remains controversial. The primary debate centers on whether these deposits are the result of Carboniferous sedimentary exhalative mineralization or Mesozoic magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization. In this paper, we examine three representative deposits in the Shizishan orefield: the Chaoshan skarn-type Au deposit, the Hucun porphyry–skarn-type Cu–Mo deposit, and the Dongguashan Cu–(Au) deposit, which has a disputed genesis of its stratiform orebodies. Economically important ore minerals, such as chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and pyrrhotite, and their associated quartz and calcite, were focused on, rather than the extensively studied pyrite in the Tongling region. The ore genesis and sources of mineralized elements in the Shizishan orefield were investigated using H, O, C, S, Pb, and Cu isotopes. The H–O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal quartz from the Chaoshan, Dongguashan, and Hucun deposits indicate that the ore-forming fluids were mainly magmatic water with some meteoric water input. The C–O isotopic compositions of calcite show a large difference from the local sedimentary carbonates. The S isotopic compositions of sulfides reveal a magmatic sulfur signature. The Pb isotopic compositions in the three deposits are similar to those of the Shizishan intrusions, suggesting a magmatic source for Pb. The Cu isotopic compositions of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite demonstrate that Cu, the primary ore-forming element, was mainly derived from magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. The stratiform orebodies display H–O–C–S–Pb–Cu isotopes consistent with the porphyry orebodies in the Dongguashan deposit, as well as in the Chaoshan and Hucun deposits, indicating a common ore genesis. From these, we conclude that the porphyry–skarn–stratabound-type Cu–Au–Mo deposits in the Shizishan orefield can be classified as a unified Mesozoic magmatic–hydrothermal metallogenic system. The stratabound-type copper sulfide deposits and the porphyry–skarn-type copper deposits in the MLYMB have a strong similarity in the source and genesis of their ore-forming elements.
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Lotfi, Mohammad, Mansoureh Shirnavard Shirazi, Nima Nezafati, and Arash Gourabjeripour. "MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY STUDY OF REE MINERALS IN HOST ROCKS IN IIC IRON DEPOSIT, BAFGH MINERAL AREA, CENTRAL IRAN." Geosaberes 11 (January 8, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26895/geosaberes.v11i0.909.

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The IIC deposit area to the east of the Bafq region exposes rocks that comprise the part of the Central Iran continental terrane. The IIC deposit iron orebodies are magmatic-related hydrothermal deposits that, when considered collectively display a vertical zonation from high-temperature, magmatic ± hydrothermal deposits emplaced at moderate depths (~1–2 km) to magnetite-dominant IOCG deposits emplaced at an even shallower subvolcanic level. The shallowest parts of these systems include near-surface, iron oxide-only replacement deposits, surficial epithermal sediment-hosted replacement deposits, and synsedimentary (exhalative) ironstone deposits. Alteration associated with the IOCG mineralizing system within the host volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks dominantly produced potassic with lesser amounts of calcic- and sodic-rich mineral assemblages. Our data suggest that hydrothermal magmatic fluids contributed to formation of the primary sodic and calcic alterations. The aim of this study is to delineate and recognize the different iron mineralized zones, based on surface and subsurface study. However, the data do not discriminate between a magmatic-hydrothermal source fluids resolved from Fe-rich immiscible liquid or Fe-rich silicate magma. Iron ores, occurring as massive-type and vein-type bodies are chemically different. Minor pyrite occurs as a late phase in the iron ores. The REE patterns of the mineralized metasomatites show LREE enrichment and strong Eu negative anomalies. The strong negative Eu anomaly probably indicates near-surface fractionation of alkali rhyolites involving feldspars. Field observations, ore mineral and alteration assemblages, coupled with lithogeochemical data suggest that an evolving fluid from magmatic dominated to surficial brine-rich fluid has contributed to the formation of the IIC deposit.
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Huang, Xiao-Wen, Anne-Aurélie Sappin, Émilie Boutroy, Georges Beaudoin, and Sheida Makvandi. "Trace Element Composition of Igneous and Hydrothermal Magnetite from Porphyry Deposits: Relationship to Deposit Subtypes and Magmatic Affinity." Economic Geology 114, no. 5 (August 1, 2019): 917–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4648.

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Abstract The trace element composition of igneous and hydrothermal magnetite from 19 well-studied porphyry Cu ± Au ± Mo, Mo, and W-Mo deposits was measured by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and then classified by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to constrain the factors explaining the relationships between the chemical composition of magnetite and the magmatic affinity and porphyry deposit subtypes. Igneous magnetite can be discriminated by relatively high P, Ti, V, Mn, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta contents but low Mg, Si, Co, Ni, Ge, Sb, W, and Pb contents, in contrast to hydrothermal magnetite. Compositional differences between igneous and hydrothermal magnetite are mainly controlled by the temperature, oxygen fugacity, cocrystallized sulfides, and element solubility/mobility that significantly affect the partition coefficients between magnetite and melt/fluids. Binary diagrams based on Ti, V, and Cr contents are not enough to discriminate igneous and hydrothermal magnetite in porphyry deposits. Relatively high Si and Al contents discriminate porphyry W-Mo hydrothermal magnetite, probably reflecting the control by high-Si, highly differentiated, granitic intrusions for this deposit type. Relatively high Mg, Mn, Zr, Nb, Sn, and Hf but low Ti and V contents discriminate porphyry Au-Cu hydrothermal magnetite, most likely resulting from a combination of mafic to intermediate intrusion composition, high chlorine in fluids, relatively high oxygen fugacity, and low-temperature conditions. Igneous or hydrothermal magnetite from Cu-Mo, Cu-Au, and Cu-Mo-Au deposits cannot be discriminated from each other, probably due to similar intermediate to felsic intrusion composition, melt/fluid composition, and conditions such as temperature and oxygen fugacity for the formation of these deposits. The magmatic affinity of porphyritic intrusions exerts some control on the chemical composition of igneous and hydrothermal magnetite in porphyry systems. Igneous and hydrothermal magnetite related to alkaline magma is relatively rich in Mg, Mn, Co, Mo, Sn, and high field strength elements (HFSEs), perhaps due to high concentrations of chlorine and fluorine in magma and exsolved fluids, whereas those related to calc-alkaline magma are relatively rich in Ca but depleted in HFSEs, consistent with the high Ca but low HFSE magma composition. Igneous and hydrothermal magnetite related to high-K calc-alkaline magma is relatively rich in Al, Ti, Sc, and Ta, due to a higher temperature of formation or enrichment of these elements in melt/fluids. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis on hydrothermal magnetite compositions from porphyry Cu, iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA), and skarn deposits around the world identify important discriminant elements for these deposit types. Magnetite from porphyry Cu deposits is characterized by relatively high Ti, V, Zn, and Al contents, whereas that from IOCG deposits can be discriminated from other types of magnetite by its relatively high V, Ni, Ti, and Al contents. IOA magnetite is discriminated by higher V, Ti, and Mg but lower Al contents, whereas skarn magnetite can be separated from magnetite from other deposit types by higher Mn, Mg, Ca, and Zn contents. Decreased Ti and V contents in hydrothermal magnetite from porphyry Cu and IOA, to IOCG, and to skarn deposits may be related to decreasing temperature and increasing oxygen fugacity. The relative depletion of Al in IOA magnetite is due to its low magnetite-silicate melt partition coefficient, immobility of Al in fluids, and earlier, higher-temperature magmatic or magmatic-hydrothermal formation of IOA deposits. The relative enrichment of Ni in IOCG magnetite reflects more mafic magmatic composition and less competition with sulfide, whereas elevated Mn, Mg, Ca, and Zn in skarn magnetite results from enrichment of these elements in fluids via more intensive fluid-carbonate rock interaction.
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Takagi, T., S. M. Koh, M. S. Song, M. Itoh, and K. Mogi. "Geology and properties of the Kawasaki and Dobuyama bentonite deposits of Zao region in northeastern Japan." Clay Minerals 40, no. 3 (September 2005): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855054030177.

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AbstractThe Kawasaki and Dobuyama bentonite deposits in northeastern Japan show contrasting properties even though they are only 5 km apart in a sequence of Neogene sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks. The Kawasaki deposit consists of stratiform bentonite layers up to >50 m thick, and its wall rocks are unaltered shallow marine sedimentary rocks. In contrast, the Dobuyama deposit consists of a funnel-shaped ore body 200 m across, and its wall rocks are hydrothermally altered terrestrial rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks. The Kawasaki and Dobuyama bentonites mainly consist of Na-Ca smectite and Ca smectite, respectively, with subordinate opal-CT, quartz and zeolite. The geological occurrences of the deposits and wall-rock properties suggest that the Kawasaki and Dobuyama deposits were probably formed by diagenesis and low-temperature hydrothermal alteration, respectively. The difference in exchangeable cation ratios of the smectite between the two deposits is attributable to the difference in their sedimentary environments and/or burial depth.
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Wang, Zhen-Yu, Hong-Rui Fan, Lingli Zhou, Kui-Feng Yang, and Hai-Dong She. "Carbonatite-Related REE Deposits: An Overview." Minerals 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110965.

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The rare earth elements (REEs) have unique and diverse properties that make them function as an “industrial vitamin” and thus, many countries consider them as strategically important resources. China, responsible for more than 60% of the world’s REE production, is one of the REE-rich countries in the world. Most REE (especially light rare earth elements (LREE)) deposits are closely related to carbonatite in China. Such a type of deposit may also contain appreciable amounts of industrially critical metals, such as Nb, Th and Sc. According to the genesis, the carbonatite-related REE deposits can be divided into three types: primary magmatic type, hydrothermal type and carbonatite weathering-crust type. This paper provides an overview of the carbonatite-related endogenetic REE deposits, i.e., primary magmatic type and hydrothermal type. The carbonatite-related endogenetic REE deposits are mainly distributed in continental margin depression or rift belts, e.g., Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, and orogenic belts on the margin of craton such as the Miaoya Nb-REE deposit. The genesis of carbonatite-related endogenetic REE deposits is still debated. It is generally believed that the carbonatite magma is originated from the low-degree partial melting of the mantle. During the evolution process, the carbonatite rocks or dykes rich in REE were formed through the immiscibility of carbonate-silicate magma and fractional crystallization of carbonate minerals from carbonatite magma. The ore-forming elements are mainly sourced from primitive mantle, with possible contribution of crustal materials that carry a large amount of REE. In the magmatic-hydrothermal system, REEs migrate in the form of complexes, and precipitate corresponding to changes of temperature, pressure, pH and composition of the fluids. A simple magmatic evolution process cannot ensure massive enrichment of REE to economic values. Fractional crystallization of carbonate minerals and immiscibility of melts and hydrothermal fluids in the hydrothermal evolution stage play an important role in upgrading the REE mineralization. Future work of experimental petrology will be fundamental to understand the partitioning behaviors of REE in magmatic-hydrothermal system through simulation of the metallogenic geological environment. Applying “comparative metallogeny” methods to investigate both REE fertile and barren carbonatites will enhance the understanding of factors controlling the fertility.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrothermal deposits"

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Yao, Yufeng. "Anhydrite precipitation and evolution of permeability in ocean ridge crest hydrothemal systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25793.

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Becker, Stephen Paul. "Fluid Inclusion Characteristics in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ore Deposits." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28318.

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Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits are formed in association with aqueous fluids that exsolve from hydrous silicate melts during ascent and crystallization. These fluids are invariably trapped as inclusions in vein-filling minerals associated with hydrothermal fluid flow, and their composition may be modeled based on the H₂O-NaCl system. Thus, if we know the pressure-volume-temperature-composition (PVTX) properties of H₂O-NaCl solutions, it is possible to interpret the PTX trapping conditions, which is important for understanding the processes leading to the generation of the hydrothermal system and ore mineralization. High salinity (> 26 wt. % NaCl) fluid inclusions contain liquid, vapor, and halite at room temperature, and are common in magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. These inclusions homogenize in one of three ways: A) halite disappearance (Tmhalite) followed by liquid-vapor homogenization (ThL-V), B) simultaneous ThL-V and Tmhalite, or C) ThL-V followed by Tmhalite. The PVTX properties of H₂O-NaCl solutions three phase (L+V+H) and liquid-vapor (L+V) phase boundaries are well constrained, allowing researchers to interpret the minimum trapping pressure of inclusion types A and B. However, data that describe the pressure at Tmhalite for inclusion type C are limited to a composition of 40 wt. % NaCl. To resolve this problem, the synthetic fluid inclusion technique was used to determine the relationship between homogenization temperature and minimum trapping pressure for inclusions that homogenize by mode C. These results allow researchers to interpret the minimum trapping pressure of these inclusions, and by extension the depth at which the inclusions formed. The temporal and spatial distribution of fluid inclusions formed in associated with porphyry copper mineralization has been predicted using a computer model. A simple geologic model of an epizonal intrusion was developed based on a Burnham-style model for porphyry systems and thermal models of the evolution of epizonal intrusions. The phase stability fields and fluid inclusion characteristics at any location and time were predicted based on PVTX properties of H₂O-NaCl solutions. These results provide vectors towards the center of a magmatic-hydrothermal system that allow explorationists to use fluid inclusion petrography to predict position with the overall porphyry environment when other indicators of position are absent.
Ph. D.
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Severmann, Silke. "The geochemistry and geomicrobiology of relict hydrothermal sulphide deposits." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42169/.

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The diagenetic re-mineralisation of seafloor-sulphide deposits and the role of microbes in the metal-exchange processes were investigated in metalliferous sediments from the Alvin relict hydrothermal zone in the TAG area at 2608'N (Mid- Atlantic Ridge). The solid-phase and concomitant pore water concentrations of AI, Si, Ca, Clot, Corg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, P, V, Co, U, Mo, Au, Ag and REE's were measured in a 230 cm long gravity core from the southern periphery of the relict vent field. These measurements were complemented by detailed analysis of bacterial abundance and specific activity. The altered sulphidic sediments are capped with a ~30cm thick layer of carbonate-rich (~60% CaCO3), Fe-stained sediments. Two distinct sulphide layers, interbedded with Fe-oxysilicates, and overlain by a thin layer of Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides, were found in this core. The dominant mineral-phase in both sulphide layers, which originate from mass-wasting of mound sediments, is pyrite with some goethite. Reaction of the exposed metal-sulphides in the upper sulphide layer with seawater has produced a thin layer of secondary atacamite, which is enriched in Au. Primary sphalerite is dissolved in the upper sulphide layer and re-precipitation as secondary sphalerite directly above and below. U continues to be scavenged from the porewater, producing marked enrichments on oxidised sulphide rims. The re-mineralisation processes identified in this core are in close analogy to the large-scale zone-refining that has been described for the active TAG mound and ancient ore-deposits. REE/Fe ratios clearly distinguish between plume derived sediments in the carbonate cap and slumped material from the hydrothermal mound. The REE signature of bulk sediments and clay phases imply multiple stages of alteration by diffuse fluids in the upper sulphide layer and intermediate layer, whereas the lower sulphide layer is not affected. Alteration by reactive low-temperature hydrothermal fluids is also inferred to be responsible for the observed diagenetic overprinting of trace-metal distributions in the upper sulphide layer. The intermediate layer is rich in nontronite, which has been precipitated in situ from diffuse fluids. The presence of Mn- and Fe-reducing bacteria coincide with elevated porewater concentrations of Mn and Fe, indicating direct involvement of bacteria in the cycling of these metals. Total counts of viable cells and general activity measurements show that although bacterial populations are relatively small, they are healthy and well adapted to this potentially toxic environment. The existence of active microbial communities in metalliferous sediments may therefore provide a continuum of bacterial populations between high and low temperature hydrothermal systems, thus representing an important transitional stage in the hydrothermal ecosystem. Microbial reduction and oxidation of S was observed throughout the core, indicating that microorganisms are particularly active in terms of S-cycling. For deep-sea sediments extremely high sulphate reduction rates (67 nmol/cm3/d) were measured in the ironstained carbonate cap. In the absence of significant organic carbon (~0.2 %) this strongly suggests the synthesis of alternative electron-donors by chemolithotrophic bacteria to support the observed high rates of heterothrophic activity in these sediments.
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Martin, Jeffrey T. "The influence of silica precipitation and thermoelastic stresses on the evolution of a ridge crest seafloor hydrothermal system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28026.

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Lecumberri, Sanchez Pilar. "Spatial and temporal evolution of fluids in hydrothermal ore deposits." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50960.

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Magmatic-hydrothermal systems typically have vertical extents of several hundred
meters and their geochemical characteristics (e.g. mineral assemblages) vary considerably
over that vertical extent. As a consequence the expression in outcrop varies depending on
the level of erosion. Therefore understanding the geochemical zonation of magmatic-hydrothermal
ore deposits opens the possibility to detect deep magmatic-hydrothermal
systems, and to assess qualitatively the degree of erosion that has taken place in the area
and at which level the mineralization may occur. This dissertation presents the
characterization of two shallow hydrothermal systems and their potential relations with
deeper magmatic-hydrothermal systems. In addition, this dissertation develops the
equations to directly interpret thermometric data from the fluid inclusion type dominant in
one of those deposits (fluid inclusions that homogenize by halite disappearance).
Red Mountain, AZ is a porphyry copper system with a well-preserved lithocap
providing an ideal candidate to characterize the shallow expression of porphyry copper
systems in the southwestern US. The distribution of fluid inclusions, alteration mineralogy
and grade indicate that the intrusive responsible for the mineralization was only partially
intercepted during the exploration program and that one single magmatic event was likely
responsible for the mineralization detected. Fluid inclusion types and clay minerals are
systematically distributed within the deposit. The fluid responsible for the shallow
hypogene mineralization was a low pH-intermediate temperature-low density fluid while a
high salinity fluid was responsible for deep mineralization.
Wutong is a Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the Nanling belt (southeast China). The combination
of fluid inclusion and mineral thermometry indicates that the Wutong deposit formed at
relatively low pressures. The age and isotopic composition of the mineralization indicates
that the deposit formed during the Cretaceous from crustal derived fluids. The occurrence
of a shallow magmatic-hydrothermal system of Cretaceous age in this region suggests that
Cretaceous intrusions, despite not outcropping very commonly in this particular region may
occur at deeper levels.
Ph. D.
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6

Veselinović, Milica. "Genetic models for epithermal gold deposits and applications to exploration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005562.

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Epithermal gold deposits are the product of large-scale hydrothermal systems in tectonically active regions. They form at shallow crustal levels where the physico-chemical conditions change abruptly. Two major groups of epithermal gold deposits can be distinguished based on their genetic connection with: A) Copper-molybdenum porphyry systems and B) Geothermal systems related to volcanic centres and calderas. Epithermal gold deposits connected with geothermal systems encompass three major types: adularia-sericite, acid-sulphate and disseminated replacement (the Carlin-type). Their essential ingredients are: high heat source which leads to convection of groundwater in the upper crust; source of hydrothermal fluid, metals and reduced sulphur; and high-permeability structures which allow fluid convection and metal deposition. Mixing of these ingredients leads to the formation of epithermal gold deposits throughout crustal history, without any restriction on age. The ores were deposited from near-neutral (adularia-sericite type and some of the Carlin-type) to acidic (acid-sulphate type and porphyry-related epithermal gold deposits), low-salinity, high C0₂ and high H₂S fluids, which were predominantly meteoritic in origin. The transport capability of deep fluids in epithermal hydrothermal systems may be shown to be dependent largely on their H₂S content and, through a series of fluid mineral equilibria, on temperature and on C0₂ content. The most common mechanisms of ore deposition are boiling (phase separation), mixing of fluids of different temperatures and salinities, reaction between them and wall rocks, dilution and cooling. An understanding of genetic models for epithermal gold deposits provides the basis for the selection of favourable areas for regional to prospect-scale exploration.
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Webber, Alexander Patrick. "Hydrothermal mineral deposits and the behaviour of Au within the Earth." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359115/.

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Jamieson, John William. "Size, Age, Distribution and Mass Accumulation Rates of Seafloor Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24056.

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Hydrothermal discharge on the seafloor results in significant accumulation of base- and precious-metal-rich sulfide material. Technological advances as well as elevated metal prices have led to a growing interest in the direct mining of these deposits from the modern ocean floor. The research presented in this thesis details an investigation of the size, grades, distribution, and accumulation rates of these deposits on the seafloor. A three-part resource assessment, originally designed for land-based ore deposits, was used to generate a predictive framework for the global seafloor sulfide resource. Using detailed descriptions of sizes, grades and locations for 92 known deposits, a resource estimate was generated that predicts a total of ~1,000 deposits and a total global abundance of 600 Mt of sulfide within the neovolcanic zones of the modern ocean floor. A detailed study of the hydrothermal sulfide deposits along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge was carried out to investigate the processes of sulfide accumulation at the ridge-segment scale. Results of 226Ra/Ba dating of barite within the deposits indicate that hydrothermal activity has been ongoing for ~6,000 years and venting has been continuous at the Main Endeavour and High Rise vent fields for ~2,300 and 850 years, respectively. Abundant older sulfide samples from inactive sites outside of the main vent fields indicate a complex history of venting along the ridge segment. Analysis of high-resolution bathymetry of the Endeavour Segment, generated from eight autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, revealed the location of 581 individual hydrothermal sulfide edifices along 15 km of ridge length. Using GIS-based software, the volume of each edifice was calculated, and the total amount of sulfide at Endeavour is estimated to be 1.2 Mt. This estimate is the first comprehensive resource evaluation on the seafloor at this scale. Sulfide has been accumulating within the Endeavour axial valley at a rate of ~400 tonnes per year, which is similar to estimates for the TAG deposit on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Using endmember hydrothermal fluid chemistry data and estimates of fluid discharge rates, the mass accumulation rate calculated for Endeavour corresponds to a sulfide depositional efficiency of 6%.
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Knight, Cheryl L. Erickson. "Critical properties of NaCI-H₂O Solutions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40937.

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Critical properties of the NaCI-H20 fluid system are of fundamental interest to a variety of geochemical applications including fluid inclusion studies, numerical modeling of hydrothermal systems, and development of theoretical models for two·component fluid systems. Although many workers have expressed interest in NaCl·H20 fluid critical properties, most studies have been limited to small compositional ranges with little agreement among data sets at higher salinities. Critical densities are recorded in only one of these reports, and no studies have determined the locations of NaCl-H20 critical isochores (PT projections of critical densities). Furthermore, no studies to date have determined critical properties of NaCl·H20 solutions in excess of room temperature saturation (26.4 wt.% NaCl).


Master of Science
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Santaguida, Frank Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "The Paragenetic relationships of epidote-quartz hydrothermal alteration within the Noranda Volcanic Complex, Quebec." Ottawa, 1999.

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Books on the topic "Hydrothermal deposits"

1

Pirajno, Franco. Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9.

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J, Barrett T., Jambor J. L, and Mineral Exploration Research Institute, eds. Seafloor hydrothermal mineralization. Toronto, Canada: Mineralogical Association of Canada, 1988.

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1940-, Ashley Roger P., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Epithermal gold deposits. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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P, Richards Jeremy, and Larson Peter B, eds. Techniques in hydrothermal ore deposits geology. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc., 1998.

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A, Tennant David, and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Long-term studies of particulate flux on and near the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2001.

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V, Nesterov N., ed. Geologii͡a︡, mineralogii͡a︡ i uslovii͡a︡ obrazovanii͡a︡ gidrotermalʹnykh mestorozhdeniĭ Zabaĭkalʹi͡a︡. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1987.

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A, Baskov E., and Vsesoi͡u︡znyĭ nauchno-issledovatelʹskiĭ geologicheskiĭ institut imeni A.P. Karpinskogo., eds. Paleogidrogeokhimicheskie issledovanii͡a︡. Leningrad: "Nedra," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.

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Malmström, Jan Christian. Zirconolite: Experiments on the stability in hydrothermal fluids. Zürich: Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission, 2000.

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Letnikov, Feliks Artemʹevich. Fli︠u︡idnyĭ rezhim termogradientnykh sistem. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985.

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Bychkov, A. I︠U︡. Geokhimicheskai︠a︡ modelʹ sovremennogo rudoobrazovanii︠a︡ v kalʹdere Uzon (Kamchatka). Moskva: GEOS, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrothermal deposits"

1

Arndt, Nicholas, Stephen Kesler, and Clément Ganino. "Hydrothermal Deposits." In Metals and Society, 69–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17232-3_4.

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Arndt, Nicholas, and Clément Ganino. "Hydrothermal Deposits." In Metals and Society, 73–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22996-1_4.

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Neukirchen, Florian, and Gunnar Ries. "Hydrothermal Deposits." In The World of Mineral Deposits, 143–230. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34346-0_4.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Hydrothermal Solutions." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 23–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_3.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Hydrothermal Systems." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 42–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_4.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Hydrothermal Alteration." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 101–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_5.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Introduction." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_1.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Greisen Systems." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 280–324. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_10.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Porphyry Systems and Skarns." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 325–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_11.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Fossil and Active Geothermal Systems — Epithermal Base and Precious Metal Mineralisation (Including Kuroko-Type Deposits)." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 375–449. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrothermal deposits"

1

Rock, Marlena J., and Mark R. Frank. "EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON LEAD-ZINC HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS." In 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-312217.

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Kojima, Mitsuhiro, Akira Asada, Katsunori Mizuno, Kenji Nagahashi, Fuyuki Katase, Yuta Saito, and Tamaki Ura. "AUV IRSAS for submarine hydrothermal deposits exploration." In 2016 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/auv.2016.7778665.

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Guven, John, Koen Torremans, Sean Johnson, and Murray W. Hitzman. "The Rathdowney Trend, Ireland: Geological evolution and controls on Zn-Pb mineralization." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/jltx1259.

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The Rathdowney Trend in south-central Ireland, is a NE-SW trend of fault-controlled Zn-Pb deposits that includes the Galmoy and Lisheen orebodies. The deposits are broadly stratabound and flat-lying occurring at or near the base of the Waulsortian Limestone Formation - a 200m thick massive biomicrite that is regionally dolomitised. The ore is largely developed by replacement of a dark, hydrothermal dolomite and dolomitic breccia - the black matrix breccia that is intimately associated with the mineralization event. Faulting exerts a major control on the ore thickness and distribution. The largest structures provided conduits for hot, metal-bearing fluids from basement to enter the Waulsortian at discrete feeder zones. Metal distribution patterns indicate that fluids progressed northwards from these feeder zones, facilitated by a network of small-displacement, low-angle extensional structures developed at the base Waulsortian contact with the underlying Ballysteen Formation. Significant dissolution of carbonate by hydrothermal fluids was important in developing conduits and promoting fluid flow. Fluid inclusion and isotope studies indicate that mineralization resulted from the mixing of hot, metal-bearing fluids with colder, saline fluids bearing sulphur derived from the bacteriogenic reduction of Carboniferous seawater sulphate. Mineralization developed during growth of the fault systems associated with basin development. Hydrothermal activity initiated shortly after rifting commenced during mid to late-Waulsortian sedimentation.
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Guven, John, Koen Torremans, Sean Johnson, and Murray W. Hitzman. "The Rathdowney Trend, Ireland: Geological evolution and controls on Zn-Pb mineralization." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/xlpd1941.

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The Rathdowney Trend in south-central Ireland, is a NE-SW trend of fault-controlled Zn-Pb deposits that includes the Galmoy and Lisheen orebodies. The deposits are broadly stratabound and flat-lying occurring at or near the base of the Waulsortian Limestone Formation - a 200m thick massive biomicrite that is regionally dolomitised. The ore is largely developed by replacement of a dark, hydrothermal dolomite and dolomitic breccia - the black matrix breccia that is intimately associated with the mineralization event. Faulting exerts a major control on the ore thickness and distribution. The largest structures provided conduits for hot, metal-bearing fluids from basement to enter the Waulsortian at discrete feeder zones. Metal distribution patterns indicate that fluids progressed northwards from these feeder zones, facilitated by a network of small-displacement, low-angle extensional structures developed at the base Waulsortian contact with the underlying Ballysteen Formation. Significant dissolution of carbonate by hydrothermal fluids was important in developing conduits and promoting fluid flow. Fluid inclusion and isotope studies indicate that mineralization resulted from the mixing of hot, metal-bearing fluids with colder, saline fluids bearing sulphur derived from the bacteriogenic reduction of Carboniferous seawater sulphate. Mineralization developed during growth of the fault systems associated with basin development. Hydrothermal activity initiated shortly after rifting commenced during mid to late-Waulsortian sedimentation.
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Guven, John, Koen Torremans, Sean Johnston, and Murray W. Hitzman. "The Rathdowney Trend, Ireland: Geological evolution and controls on Zn-Pb mineralization." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/xlpo1941.

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The Rathdowney Trend in south-central Ireland, is a NE-SW trend of fault-controlled Zn-Pb deposits that includes the Galmoy and Lisheen orebodies. The deposits are broadly stratabound and flat-lying occurring at or near the base of the Waulsortian Limestone Formation - a 200m thick massive biomicrite that is regionally dolomitised. The ore is largely developed by replacement of a dark, hydrothermal dolomite and dolomitic breccia - the black matrix breccia that is intimately associated with the mineralization event. Faulting exerts a major control on the ore thickness and distribution. The largest structures provided conduits for hot, metal-bearing fluids from basement to enter the Waulsortian at discrete feeder zones. Metal distribution patterns indicate that fluids progressed northwards from these feeder zones, facilitated by a network of small-displacement, low-angle extensional structures developed at the base Waulsortian contact with the underlying Ballysteen Formation. Significant dissolution of carbonate by hydrothermal fluids was important in developing conduits and promoting fluid flow. Fluid inclusion and isotope studies indicate that mineralization resulted from the mixing of hot, metal-bearing fluids with colder, saline fluids bearing sulphur derived from the bacteriogenic reduction of Carboniferous seawater sulphate. Mineralization developed during growth of the fault systems associated with basin development. Hydrothermal activity initiated shortly after rifting commenced during mid to late-Waulsortian sedimentation.
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Sato, Takumi, Kangsoo Kim, Shogo Inaba, Takeya Matsuda, Sotaro Takashima, Atsuo Oono, Daijiro Takahashi, Kento Oota, and Naoki Takatsuki. "Exploring Hydrothermal Deposits with Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." In 2019 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ut.2019.8734460.

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Rusk, Brian G. "HYDROTHERMAL FLUID EVOLUTION IN PORPHYRY-TYPE ORE DEPOSITS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286934.

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Munoz-saez, Carolina, Lauren Sankovitch, Michael Manga, and Shaul Hurwitz. "SINTER DEPOSITS RECORDING THE EVOLUTION OF HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-393783.

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Banks, David A. "Hydrothermal chimneys and fossil worms from the Tynagh Pb-Zn deposit, Ireland." In Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/dicd2449.

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Ishibashi, Junichiro, Naru Tsukamoto, Shun'ichi Nakai, Taisei Fujiwara, Naoya Obata, Takashi Goto, Chitaro Gouzu, Ai Uchida, and Shin Toyoda. "APPLICATIONS OF DATING TECHNIQUES TO HYDROTHERMAL MINERAL DEPOSITS COLLECTED FROM ACTIVE SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL FIELDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335047.

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Reports on the topic "Hydrothermal deposits"

1

Davis, W. J., V. J. McNicoll, P. Mercier-Langevin, B. Dubé, D. Rhys, S. E. Jackson, C. J M Lawley, and P. A. Hunt. New approaches to dating hydrothermal gold deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299582.

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Hannington, M. D. Shallow submarine hydrothermal systems and associated mineral deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210363.

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Leybourne, M. I., J. M. Peter, M A Schmidt, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot, and L. Mathieu. Geochemical evidence for a magmatic contribution to the metal budget of the Windy Craggy Cu-Co(±Zn) volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, northwestern British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328018.

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Volcanogenic massive-sulfide (VMS) deposits may have had metal contributions from magmatic degassing and leaching of footwall rocks. The Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Zn VMS deposit in northwestern British Columbia may include magmatic contributions, based on laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of fluid inclusions (enriched in Sb, Sn, and Bi) and lithogeochemistry. Sulfide-mineral trace-element abundances in the massive-sulfide orebody, underlying stockwork zone, gold zone, and altered and unaltered mafic rock and argillite were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Elevated Au, W, As, Bi, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, Ag, Co, and Mo contents occur within the gold and/or stockwork zones. Increasing 'magmatic metals' with increasing Co/Ni values suggest direct magmatic contribution to the deposit. Covariation of Co with these so-called 'magmatic elements' indicates that it, too, may be of magmatic origin, sourced via fluids exsolved from a crystallizing magma; however, evidence from the composition of rocks and sulfide minerals from Windy Craggy and other VMS deposits suggests that there is probably no meaningful distinction between hydrothermal leaching and direct magmatic contributions and that most - if not all - fluids that form VMS deposits should be termed 'magmatic-hydrothermal'.
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Mercier-Langevin, P., R. A. Creaser, J. Goutier, and I. Kjarsgaard. Rhenium-rich molybdenite and Re-Os age of the Archean porphyry-style Don Rouyn deposit, Abitibi greenstone belt, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332556.

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This report presents Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the Don Rouyn deposit and St. Jude breccia prospect in the Rouyn-Noranda mining district in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec. Both have been described as porphyry-style, magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-(Au-Mo) deposits associated with the Flavrian and Powell subvolcanic plutons based on the nature of the mineralized zones, their setting and available U-Pb age constraints. To further constrain the timing of mineralization, molybdenite was sampled at both sites for Re-Os geochronology. Although the analyzed sample from the St. Jude prospect did not yield a realistic age, a molybdenite mineral separate sample from the Don Rouyn deposit yielded a reliable age of 2689 ± 11 Ma. Interestingly, the Don Rouyn molybdenite is distinguished by extremely high Re content (>5200 ppm Re) that compares with that of the world's richest porphyry deposits. Based on the Re-Os age obtained in this study and limited descriptions of the deposit available in the literature, the Don Rouyn deposit is most likely associated with the emplacement of the Flavrian-Powell intrusive complex at ~2700 Ma, as suggested in previous studies. However, a younger timing of emplacement, comparable to other ca. 2682-2680 sub-alkaline to alkaline magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-(Au-Mo) deposits in the southern part of Blake River Group, although less likely, cannot be entirely ruled out based on the available constraints and the molybdenite Re- Os age presented here.
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Hannington, M. D., S. Peterson, I. R. Jonasson, and J. M. Franklin. Hydrothermal activity and associated mineral deposits of the seafloor. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/82631.

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Hannington, M. D., I. Petersen, I. R. Jonasson, and J. M. Franklin. Hydrothermal activity and associated mineral deposits of the sea floor. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/195145.

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Adshead, J. D., B. D. Bornhold, and E. E. Davis. Indurated Deposits and Possible Plume Bands in a Hydrothermal Mound, Northeast Pacific. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120446.

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8

Grunsky, E. C., C. W. Brauhart, S. Hagemann, and B. Dubé. The magmato-hydrothermal space: a new metric for geochemical characterization of ore deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295662.

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9

Flores, Gilberto. Microbial Ecology of Active Marine Hydrothermal Vent Deposits: The Influence of Geologic Setting on Microbial Communities. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.250.

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10

Scanlan, E. J., M. Leybourne, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot, and N. van Wagoner. Alkaline magmatism in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon: relationship to SEDEX mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328994.

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Abstract:
Several sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits have alkaline magmatism that is temporally and spatially associated to mineralization. This report outlines interim data from a study of potential linkages between magmatism and SEDEX mineralization in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. This region is an ideal study site due to the close spatial and temporal relationships between SEDEX deposits and magmatism, particularly in the MacMillan Pass, where volcanic rocks have been drilled with mineralization at the Boundary deposit. Alkaline volcanic samples were analysed from the Anvil District, MacMillan Pass, Keno-Mayo and the Misty Creek Embayment in the Selwyn Basin to characterise volcanism and examine the relationship to mineralization. Textural and field relationships indicate a volatile-rich explosive eruptive volcanic system in the MacMillan Pass region in comparison to the Anvil District, which is typically effusive in nature. High proportions of calcite and ankerite in comparison to other minerals are present in the MacMillan system. Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals zoning and carbonate that displays different luminescent colours within the same sample, likely indicating multiple generations of carbonate precipitation. Barium contents are enriched in volcanic rocks throughout the Selwyn Basin, which is predominately hosted by hyalophane with rare barite and barytocalcite. Thallium is positively correlated with Ba, Rb, Cs, Mo, As, Sb and the calcite-chlorite-pyrite index and is negatively correlated with Cu. Anvil District samples display a trend towards depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle on a plot of Ce/Tl versus Th/Rb. Hydrothermal alteration has likely led to the removal of Tl from volcanic rocks in the region. Ongoing research involves: i) the analysis of Sr, Nd, Pb and Tl isotopes of volcanic samples; ii) differentiating magmatic from hydrothermal carbonate using O, C and Sr isotopes; iii) examining sources of Ba in the Selwyn Basin; iv) and constraining age relationships through U-Th-Pb geochronology.
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