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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrophobic aggregation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Zhang, Xiao-ping, Yue-hua Hu, and Run-qing Liu. "Hydrophobic aggregation of ultrafine kaolinite." Journal of Central South University of Technology 15, no. 3 (June 2008): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-008-0069-9.

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2

Nogueira, Francielle Câmara, Otávia Martins Silva Rodrigues, Stephânia da Consolação Silva Nogueira, and Carlos Alberto Pereira. "HYDROPHOBIC AGGREGATION OF GALENA FINE PARTICLES." Brazilian Journal of Development 6, no. 7 (2020): 53581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n7-849.

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3

Bandyopadhyay, Sanjoy, John C. Shelley, Mounir Tarek, Preston B. Moore, and Michael L. Klein. "Surfactant Aggregation at a Hydrophobic Surface." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 102, no. 33 (August 1998): 6318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp982051c.

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4

Zhao, Jian-xi, Fen Liu, and Dan-hua Xie. "Vesicle aggregation based on hydrophobic interactions." Colloid and Polymer Science 293, no. 12 (August 27, 2015): 3633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-015-3747-9.

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5

López-León, Teresa, Juan Luis Ortega-Vinuesa, and Delfina Bastos-González. "Ion-Specific Aggregation of Hydrophobic Particles." ChemPhysChem 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2012): 2382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201200120.

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6

Nomula, Srinivas, and Stuart L. Cooper. "Hydrophobic Aggregation in Polyurethane Ionomer Solutions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 205, no. 2 (September 1998): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1998.5623.

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7

Chen, Jun, Fanfei Min, Lingyun Liu, Chenliang Peng, and Fangqin Lu. "Hydrophobic aggregation of fine particles in high muddied coal slurry water." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (October 12, 2015): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.513.

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The hydrophobic aggregation of fine particles in high muddied coal slurry water in the presence of four quaternary ammonium salts of 1231(dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), 1431(tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), 1631(cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and 1831(octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) was investigated through the measurement of contact angles, zeta potentials, aggregation observation, adsorption and sedimentation. The results show that quaternary ammonium salts can enhance the hydrophobicity and reduce the electronegativity of particle surface, and thus induce a strong hydrophobic aggregation of slurry fine particles which promotes the settlement of coal slurry water. The adsorption of quaternary ammonium salts on slurry particles increases with the increase of alkyl chain length and reagent dosage, and will reach equilibrium when the dosage reaches a certain value. Weak alkaline conditions also can promote quaternary ammonium salts to be adsorbed on the coal slurry fine particles. In addition, reasonable energy input and a chemical environment of weak alkaline solution are conducive to hydrophobic aggregation settlement of high muddied coal slurry water with quaternary ammonium salts. The main mechanism of hydrophobic aggregation of coal slurry particles with quaternary ammonium salts is ‘adsorption charge neutralization’ and hydrophobic interaction.

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8

Thiebault, F., and J. Coulon. "Influence of carbon source and surface hydrophobicity on the aggregation of the yeastKluyveromyces bulgaricus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-106.

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Aggregation of the yeast Kluyveromyces bulgaricus is mediated by the galactose-specific lectin KbCWL1. This lectin contains hydrophobic amino acids and its activity is calcium dependent. A specific fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid in the free acid form (ANS; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri), was used to study the hydrophobic areas on the cellular surface of K. bulgaricus. Changes in surface hydrophobicity during the growth and aggregation of yeast cells were studied. Surface hydrophobicity increased during growth and depended on the amount of yeast cells in the culture medium. During growth, the size of the hydrophobic areas on the cell surface was measured using ANS and was found to increase with the percentage of flocculating yeasts. Our results strongly suggest that the hydrophobic areas of the cell walls of yeast cells are involved in the aggregation of K. bulgaricus.Key words: aggregation, carbon source, fluorescence probe, hydrophobicity, yeast.

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9

March, David, Valentino Bianco, and Giancarlo Franzese. "Protein Unfolding and Aggregation near a Hydrophobic Interface." Polymers 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010156.

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The behavior of proteins near interfaces is relevant for biological and medical purposes. Previous results in bulk show that, when the protein concentration increases, the proteins unfold and, at higher concentrations, aggregate. Here, we study how the presence of a hydrophobic surface affects this course of events. To this goal, we use a coarse-grained model of proteins and study by simulations their folding and aggregation near an ideal hydrophobic surface in an aqueous environment by changing parameters such as temperature and hydrophobic strength, related, e.g., to ions concentration. We show that the hydrophobic surface, as well as the other parameters, affect both the protein unfolding and aggregation. We discuss the interpretation of these results and define future lines for further analysis, with their possible implications in neurodegenerative diseases.

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10

Soto, Patricia, Andrij Baumketner, and Joan-Emma Shea. "Aggregation of polyalanine in a hydrophobic environment." Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 13 (April 7, 2006): 134904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2179803.

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11

Marini, Monica, Marco Allione, and Enzo di Fabrizio. "DNA aggregation controlled by super-hydrophobic devices." Materials Today 21, no. 4 (May 2018): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2018.03.024.

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12

Hu, Y., and J. Dai. "Hydrophobic aggregation of alumina in surfactant solution." Minerals Engineering 16, no. 11 (November 2003): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2003.07.018.

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13

Bakumov, Vadym, and Edwin Kroke. "Polysilazane-Induced Aggregation of Hydrophobic Silver Colloids." Langmuir 24, no. 19 (October 7, 2008): 10709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la801104b.

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14

Morishima, Yotaro, Takaomi Kobayashi, and Shun-ichi Nozakura. "Amphiphilic Polyelectrolytes with Various Hydrophobic Groups: Intramolecular Hydrophobic Aggregation in Aqueous Solution." Polymer Journal 21, no. 3 (March 1989): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.21.267.

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15

Ganesan, Sai J., and Silvina Matysiak. "Interplay between the hydrophobic effect and dipole interactions in peptide aggregation at interfaces." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 4 (2016): 2449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05867h.

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16

Yue, Qiang, Cheng Wang, and Hui Kong. "Theory and Experimental Research on Inclusions Aggregation in Molten Steel." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1506.

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A mechanism of particles aggregation in liquid media is analyzed by applying the theory of aggregation which was developed in the field of colloid engineering. Hydrophobic particles are liable to aggregate in collision. Inclusions aggregation by using solid plastics particles in various solvent is observed in the course of floatation. Aggregation rate and size distribution of particles in turbulent dispersions has been studied. The aggregation contributed by plastic particles based on surface energy density and the droplet surface oscillation is considered. Hydrophobic particles, generally having a tendency to aggregate in water, disperse well in ethanol, particles in the mixture of water and ethanol are much better disperse than separately in water. The solvent properties, temperature and simulation particles are influence to the aggregation from the experiment that we can discover. The aggregation rate and size distribution were determined by wettabiliy.

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17

Tabor, Rico F., Franz Grieser, Raymond R. Dagastine, and Derek Y. C. Chan. "The hydrophobic force: measurements and methods." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 34 (2014): 18065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01410c.

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The hydrophobic force describes the attraction between water-hating molecules (and surfaces) that draws them together, causing aggregation, phase separation, protein folding and many other inherent physical phenomena.

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18

Zhang, Nian, Yujiao Fan, Hui Chen, Sylvain Trépout, Annie Brûlet, and Min-Hui Li. "Polymersomes with a smectic liquid crystal structure and AIE fluorescence." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 8 (2022): 1107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01686e.

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Fluorescent smectic polymersomes with aggregation-induced emission are prepared from an amphiphilic block copolymer containing a liquid crystal hydrophobic block and a tetraphenylethene-bearing unit between hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks.

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19

Liaw, Der-Jang, Ching-Cheng Huang, Hui-Chuan Sang, and En-Tang Kang. "Intramolecular Hydrophobic Aggregation of Amphiphilic Polysulfobetaine with Various Hydrophobic Groups in Aqueous Solution." Langmuir 15, no. 16 (August 1999): 5204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la980728h.

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20

Ebdon, J. R., B. J. Hunt, D. M. Lucas, I. Soutar, L. Swanson, and A. R. Lane. "Luminescence studies of hydrophobically modified, water-soluble polymers. I. Fluorescence anisotropy and spectroscopic investigations of the conformational behaviour of copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene or methyl methacrylate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-245.

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Fluorescence spectroscopy and anisotropy measurements have been used to study a series of styrene – acrylic acid, STY–AA, and methyl methacrylate – acrylic acid, MMA–AA, copolymers in dilute methanolic and aqueous solutions. Copolymerization of either STY or MMA with AA has little effect upon the rate of intramolecular segmental motion in methanol solutions. In aqueous media, intramolecular hydrophobic aggregation occurs and restricts the macromolecular dynamics to an extent dependent upon pH, nature of the comonomer, and copolymer composition. The hydrophobic domains formed in these copolymer systems can solubilize organic guests. In this respect, STY is a more powerful modifier of AA-based polymer behaviours than is MMA. In general, the hydrophobic modification increases the solubilization power of the resultant polymer. Furthermore, the copolymers retain their solubilization capacities to higher values of pH the more hydrophobic the comonomer and the greater its content in the copolymer. The interiors of the hydrophobic aggregates reduce the mobilities of occluded guests: the microviscosities of the domain interiors depend upon the nature of the hydrophobe, pH, and copolymer composition. Keywords: fluorescence, anisotropy, water-soluble polymers, acrylic acid, hydrophobic modification.

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21

Ohmann, Alexander, Kerstin Göpfrich, Himanshu Joshi, Rebecca F. Thompson, Diana Sobota, Neil A. Ranson, Aleksei Aksimentiev, and Ulrich F. Keyser. "Controlling aggregation of cholesterol-modified DNA nanostructures." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 11441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz914.

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Abstract DNA nanotechnology allows for the design of programmable DNA-built nanodevices which controllably interact with biological membranes and even mimic the function of natural membrane proteins. Hydrophobic modifications, covalently linked to the DNA, are essential for targeted interfacing of DNA nanostructures with lipid membranes. However, these hydrophobic tags typically induce undesired aggregation eliminating structural control, the primary advantage of DNA nanotechnology. Here, we study the aggregation of cholesterol-modified DNA nanostructures using a combined approach of non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, confocal microscopy and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the aggregation of cholesterol-tagged ssDNA is sequence-dependent, while for assembled DNA constructs, the number and position of the cholesterol tags are the dominating factors. Molecular dynamics simulations of cholesterol-modified ssDNA reveal that the nucleotides wrap around the hydrophobic moiety, shielding it from the environment. Utilizing this behavior, we demonstrate experimentally that the aggregation of cholesterol-modified DNA nanostructures can be controlled by the length of ssDNA overhangs positioned adjacent to the cholesterol. Our easy-to-implement method for tuning cholesterol-mediated aggregation allows for increased control and a closer structure–function relationship of membrane-interfacing DNA constructs — a fundamental prerequisite for employing DNA nanodevices in research and biomedicine.

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22

Lannibois, H�l�ne, Anwar Hasmy, Robert Botet, Olivier Aguerre Chariol, and Bernard Cabane. "Surfactant Limited Aggregation of Hydrophobic Molecules in Water." Journal de Physique II 7, no. 2 (February 1997): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp2:1997128.

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23

Bozó, Tamás, Tamás Mészáros, Judith Mihály, Attila Bóta, Miklós S. Z. Kellermayer, János Szebeni, and Benedek Kálmán. "Aggregation of PEGylated liposomes driven by hydrophobic forces." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 147 (November 2016): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.056.

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24

Itoh, Satoru, and Hisashi Okumura. "Promotion and Inhibition of Amyloid-β Peptide Aggregation: Molecular Dynamics Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041859.

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Aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are known to be related to Alzheimer’s disease. Their aggregation is enhanced at hydrophilic–hydrophobic interfaces, such as a cell membrane surface and air-water interface, and is inhibited by polyphenols, such as myricetin and rosmarinic acid. We review molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches of a full-length Aβ peptide, Aβ40, and Aβ(16–22) fragments in these environments. Since these peptides have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues, they tend to exist at the interfaces. The high concentration of the peptides accelerates the aggregation there. In addition, Aβ40 forms a β-hairpin structure, and this structure accelerates the aggregation. We also describe the inhibition mechanism of the Aβ(16–22) aggregation by polyphenols. The aggregation of Aβ(16–22) fragments is caused mainly by the electrostatic attraction between charged amino acid residues known as Lys16 and Glu22. Since polyphenols form hydrogen bonds between their hydroxy and carboxyl groups and these charged amino acid residues, they inhibit the aggregation.

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25

Souirti, Souad, and Michel Baboulene. "A new class of bolaforms bearing sulfobetaine and cationic heads: Synthesis and aggregation properties." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-096.

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We describe here a convenient route to a new family of bolaforms bearing sulfobetaine and cationic heads, which could be scaled up for industrial applications. Their aggregation modes were studied by measurement of surface tension and by dynamic light scattering and transmission electronic microscopy methods. Grafting a hydrophobic chain onto the cationic head modifies both the surface properties and aggregation. Compared to conventional bolaforms, the relationship between the length of the spacer and the side-chain and the resultant hydrophobic interactions are at the origin of these novel properties. Various models of these molecular associations were proposed.Key words: dissymmetric bolaform, sulfobetaine, cationic amphiphile, aggregation.

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26

Pattenaude, Shannon R., Blake M. Rankin, Kenji Mochizuki, and Dor Ben-Amotz. "Water-mediated aggregation of 2-butoxyethanol." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 36 (2016): 24937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04379h.

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Water plays an important role in mediating hydrophobic interactions, and yet important open questions remain regarding the magnitude, and even the sign, of water-mediated contributions to the potential of mean force between a pair of oily molecules dissolved in water.

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27

JAIN, Renu K., Wen Tzu CHANG, Chitta GEETHA, Paul B. M. JOYCE, and Sven-Ulrik GORR. "In vitro aggregation of the regulated secretory protein chromogranin A." Biochemical Journal 368, no. 2 (December 1, 2002): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021195.

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Aggregation chaperones, consisting of secretory proteins that contain a hexa-histidine epitope tag, enhance the calcium-induced aggregation of regulated secretory proteins and their sorting to secretory granules. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of this unusual aggregation mechanism. Hexa-histidine-epitope-tagged secreted alkaline phosphatase, an aggregation chaperone, enhanced the in vitro aggregation of chromogranin A in the presence of calcium, but not in the presence of magnesium or other divalent cations. As an exception, chromogranin was completely aggregated by zinc, even in the absence of the aggregation chaperone. In addition, fluorescence spectroscopy of the aggregation reaction mixture showed an increase in fluorescence intensity consistent with the formation of protein aggregates. The calcium-induced aggregation of chromogranin A was completely inhibited by 0.2% Triton X-100, suggesting that it involves hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, the detergent did not affect chaperone-enhanced aggregation, suggesting that this aggregation does not depend on hydrophobic interactions. EDTA-treated chaperone did not enhance chromogranin A aggregation, indicating that divalent cations are necessary for chaperone action. Although the structure of the aggregation chaperone was not important, the size of the chaperone was. Thus the free His-hexapeptide could not substitute for the aggregation chaperone. Based on these results, we propose that the hexa-histidine tag, in the context of a polypeptide, acts as a divalent cation-dependent nucleation site for chromogranin A aggregation.

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28

Jeffs, Lloyd B., Ilungo J. Xavier, Russell E. Matai, and George G. Khachatourians. "Relationships between fungal spore morphologies and surface properties for entomopathogenic members of the general Beauveria, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces,Tolypocladium, and Verticillium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 936–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-097.

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The surface properties of aerial conidia (AC) from 24 strains of entomopathogenic fungi were studied and compared using the salt-mediated aggregation and sedimentation (SAS) assay, electron microscopy, FITC-labelled lectins, and spore dimensions. Spores with rugose surfaces were hydrophobic, whereas hydrophilic spores had smooth surfaces. Correlation analysis found no link between spore dimensions and either hydrophobicity or surface carbohydrates. However, there was a strong positive correlation between spore hydrophobicity and surface carbohydrates. The three spore types of Beauveria bassiana were all shown to possess discrete surface hydrophobicities, which were also strongly linked to surface carbohydrate profiles. Various chemical treatments had pronounced effects on spore surface properties, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and formic acid (FA) reducing both lectin binding and surface hydrophobicity. When FA-protein extracts were separated and analysed using SDS-PAGE, only the hydrophobic spores had low molecular weight hydrophobin-like peptides that were unglycosylated and contained disulfide bonds. The strains with hydrophilic AC had much lower levels of FA-extractable protein per spore dry weight compared to their more hydrophobic counterparts. Moreover, extracts of the more hydrophobic spores tended to have greater protein:carbohydrate ratios.Key words: fungi, spores, hydrophobicity, lectins, morphology, microbial insecticides, protein.

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29

He, Wei, Jiayin Zhang, Veronika Sachsenhauser, Lili Wang, James C. A. Bardwell, and Shu Quan. "Increased surface charge in the protein chaperone Spy enhances its anti-aggregation activity." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 42 (August 17, 2020): 14488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.012300.

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Chaperones are essential components of the protein homeostasis network. There is a growing interest in optimizing chaperone function, but exactly how to achieve this aim is unclear. Here, using a model chaperone, the bacterial protein Spy, we demonstrate that substitutions that alter the electrostatic potential of Spy's concave, client-binding surface enhance Spy's anti-aggregation activity. We show that this strategy is more efficient than one that enhances the hydrophobicity of Spy's surface. Our findings thus challenge the traditional notion that hydrophobic interactions are the major driving forces that guide chaperone–substrate binding. Kinetic data revealed that both charge- and hydrophobicity-enhanced Spy variants release clients more slowly, resulting in a greater “holdase” activity. However, increasing short-range hydrophobic interactions deleteriously affected Spy's ability to capture substrates, thus reducing its in vitro chaperone activity toward fast-aggregating substrates. Our strategy in chaperone surface engineering therefore sought to fine-tune the different molecular forces involved in chaperone–substrate interactions rather than focusing on enhancing hydrophobic interactions. These results improve our understanding of the mechanistic basis of chaperone–client interactions and illustrate how protein surface–based mutational strategies can facilitate the rational improvement of molecular chaperones.

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30

Lavagna, Enrico, Jonathan Barnoud, Giulia Rossi, and Luca Monticelli. "Size-dependent aggregation of hydrophobic nanoparticles in lipid membranes." Nanoscale 12, no. 17 (2020): 9452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00868k.

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31

Ware, JA, J. Kang, MT DeCenzo, M. Smith, SC Watkins, HS Slayter, and M. Saitoh. "Platelet activation by a synthetic hydrophobic polymer, polymethylmethacrylate." Blood 78, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 1713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.7.1713.1713.

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Abstract Platelets adhere to artificial surfaces in the initial stage of thrombus formation, but the subsequent steps in signal transduction that lead to platelet activation by artificial surfaces are not understood. When 0.325-micron diameter beads composed of a hydrophobic polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), were added to gel-filtered aequorin-loaded platelets suspended in media containing Ca2+, the platelets aggregated; addition of fibrinogen was not required. Platelet aggregation was preceded by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and was accompanied by phosphorylation of the 47-Kd substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release, and accumulation of phosphatidic acid. All these effects were partially inhibited by apyrase and aspirin. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 7E3 and M148 and the synthetic peptides RGDS and fibrinogen gamma chain fragment 400–411, all of which bind to the platelet fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb- IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) and inhibit fibrinogen binding, prevented PMMA- induced aggregation but did not inhibit the Ca2+ increase. Chymotrypsin- treated platelets aggregated after addition of fibrinogen, but not PMMA. We conclude that platelets interact initially with PMMA at membrane sites other than those required for fibrinogen binding, leading to activation of membrane phospholipases and PKC, an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, release of 5-HT, ADP, and fibrinogen from storage granules, and to platelet aggregation.

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32

Ware, JA, J. Kang, MT DeCenzo, M. Smith, SC Watkins, HS Slayter, and M. Saitoh. "Platelet activation by a synthetic hydrophobic polymer, polymethylmethacrylate." Blood 78, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 1713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.7.1713.bloodjournal7871713.

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Platelets adhere to artificial surfaces in the initial stage of thrombus formation, but the subsequent steps in signal transduction that lead to platelet activation by artificial surfaces are not understood. When 0.325-micron diameter beads composed of a hydrophobic polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), were added to gel-filtered aequorin-loaded platelets suspended in media containing Ca2+, the platelets aggregated; addition of fibrinogen was not required. Platelet aggregation was preceded by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and was accompanied by phosphorylation of the 47-Kd substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release, and accumulation of phosphatidic acid. All these effects were partially inhibited by apyrase and aspirin. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 7E3 and M148 and the synthetic peptides RGDS and fibrinogen gamma chain fragment 400–411, all of which bind to the platelet fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb- IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) and inhibit fibrinogen binding, prevented PMMA- induced aggregation but did not inhibit the Ca2+ increase. Chymotrypsin- treated platelets aggregated after addition of fibrinogen, but not PMMA. We conclude that platelets interact initially with PMMA at membrane sites other than those required for fibrinogen binding, leading to activation of membrane phospholipases and PKC, an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, release of 5-HT, ADP, and fibrinogen from storage granules, and to platelet aggregation.

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33

Macedi, Eleonora, Alessandra Meli, Francesco De Riccardis, Patrizia Rossi, Vincent J. Smith, Leonard J. Barbour, Irene Izzo, and Consiglia Tedesco. "Molecular recognition and solvatomorphism of a cyclic peptoid: formation of a stable 1D porous framework." CrystEngComm 19, no. 32 (2017): 4704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01077j.

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34

Sun, Yan, Li Ma, Li Wang, Xuewei Zhu, Wensheng Cai, and Xueguang Shao. "Understanding the role of water in the aggregation of proteins and polymers in aqueous solution using near-infrared spectroscopy." NIR news 31, no. 5-6 (July 29, 2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960336020944766.

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Water plays an important role in chemical and biological processes. For understanding the role of water in the aggregation of proteins and polymers, the variation of water structures in the process of aggregation was studied by near-infrared spectroscopy. The near-infrared spectra of the aqueous R2/wt and poly( N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) solutions of different concentrations were measured at different temperatures. The spectral changes of the solutes and water with temperature were analyzed with the help of chemometric methods. In the aggregation of R2/wt, the water species with one hydrogen bond around the NH groups dissociate to initiate the change of the hydrogen bonding network of the hydration water, and then, the water molecules with two hydrogen bonds (S2) near the hydrophobic side chains release from the R2/wt, resulting in the formation of the ordered amyloid fibers. In the aggregation process of low concentration poly( N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) solutions, the chains of the polymer tend to form a loose hydrophobic structure below 36°C and then aggregate into a micelle at a lower critical solution temperature of around 39°C. S2 acts as a bridge to connect the polymer chains in the loose hydrophobic structure, and the dissociation of the S2 bridge at high temperature is the reason for the formation of the micelle. For high concentration solution, however, the spectral information of S2 was not found in the aggregation, suggesting a direct formation of the micelle from the dehydrated chains.

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35

Hong, Joung Sook. "Aggregation of hydrophilic/hydrophobic montmorillonites at oil–water interface." Applied Clay Science 119 (January 2016): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.025.

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36

Bakumov, Vadym, and Edwin Kroke. "Correction to Polysilazane-Induced Aggregation of Hydrophobic Silver Colloids." Langmuir 25, no. 19 (October 6, 2009): 11976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la9029003.

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37

Brovchenko, Ivan, Gurpreet Singh, and Roland Winter. "Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Peptides near Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Surfaces." Langmuir 25, no. 14 (July 21, 2009): 8111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la9006058.

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38

López-León, Teresa, José Manuel López-López, Gerardo Odriozola, Delfi Bastos-González, and Juan Luis Ortega-Vinuesa. "Ion-induced reversibility in the aggregation of hydrophobic colloids." Soft Matter 6, no. 6 (2010): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b922621d.

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39

Glee, Pati M., and Kevin C. Hazen. "Aggregation of hydrophobic cell wall proteins of Candida albicans." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 5, no. 3-4 (November 1995): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7765(95)01199-s.

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40

Sadowski, Zygmunt. "A study on hydrophobic aggregation of calcite aqueous suspensions." Powder Technology 80, no. 2 (August 1994): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(94)02842-7.

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41

Puormand, Seyed Mahmoud, Arezou Ghahghaei, Jafar Valizadeh, and Shahrzad Nazari. "Protective Ability of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel Root Extract on the Aggregation of Protein In Vitro." Natural Products Journal 10, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315509666190425125312.

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Background: Protein misfolding can lead to aggregation and these protein aggregates are a fundamental cause of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Prion disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In recent years, a wide variety of natural compounds have been investigated as protein aggregation inhibitors. Many investigations have reported the therapeutic effects of botanicals constituents and their derivatives in neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: In this study, we examined the effect of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel (P. abrotanoides) root extract on the 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced aggregation of proteins. Methods: The anti-aggregation ability of P. abrotanoides root extract was studied using visible absorption spectroscopy (light scattering), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results: The protective effect of P. abrotanoides root extract was varied in the three different-sized proteins (insulin, α-lactalbumin, and ovotransferrin). Conclusion: The results showed that P. abrotanoides root extract was able to inhibit protein aggregations in a concentration-dependent manner due to the interaction of P. abrotanoides root extract with hydrophobic area of proteins.

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Luo, Jinghui, Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer, Chien-Hung Yu, Kamran Muhammad, Astrid Gräslund, and Jan Pieter Abrahams. "The Aβ peptide forms non-amyloid fibrils in the presence of carbon nanotubes." Nanoscale 6, no. 12 (2014): 6720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr00291a.

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Peng, Xiong Yi, and Ming Gui Xia. "Synthesis and Microstructure Study of Polycarboxylated Superplasticizer with Different Carboxylic Group Content." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.802.

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Polycarboxylate-type superplasticizers (PCs) with different carboxylic group content and the same degree of polymerization are synthesized. Their microstructures are studied by fluorescent probe technique, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The method of fluorescence probe confirms that there is the formation of hydrophobic microenvironment in PC solution, and PC with low carboxylic group content produces a stronger hydrophobic microenvironment than PC with high carboxylic group content. The DLS and TEM studies find that Z-Average diameters of aggregation produced by PC with low carboxylic group content is larger than that of aggregation produced by PC with high carboxylic group content. In addition, the shape of aggregation is not regular sphere. The reason for this is that association interaction of hydrogen bonding may occur among PC molecules or in the interior of single PC molecule.

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Chen, Xiuqiong, Qingmei Zhu, Chang Liu, Dongze Li, Huiqiong Yan, and Qiang Lin. "Esterification of Alginate with Alkyl Bromides of Different Carbon Chain Lengths via the Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction: Synthesis, Characterization, and Controlled Release Performance." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193351.

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To extend the alginate applicability for the sustained release of hydrophobic medicine in drug delivery systems, the alkyl alginate ester derivative (AAD), including hexyl alginate ester derivative (HAD), octyl alginate ester derivative (OAD), decyl alginate ester derivative (DAD), and lauryl alginate ester derivative (LAD), were synthesized using the alkyl bromides with different lengths of carbon chain as the hydrophobic modifiers under homogeneous conditions via the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction. Experimental results revealed that the successful grafting of the hydrophobic alkyl groups onto the alginate molecular backbone via the SN2 reaction had weakened and destroyed the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thus enhancing the molecular flexibility of the alginate, which endowed the AAD with a good amphiphilic property and a critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of 0.48~0.0068 g/L. Therefore, the resultant AAD could form stable spherical self-aggregated micelles with the average hydrodynamic diameter of 285.3~180.5 nm and zeta potential at approximately −44.8~−34.4 mV due to the intra or intermolecular hydrophobic associations. With the increase of the carbon chain length of the hydrophobic side groups, the AAD was more prone to self-aggregation, and therefore was able to achieve the loading and sustained release of hydrophobic ibuprofen. Additionally, the swelling and degradation of AAD microcapsules and the diffusion of the loaded drug jointly controlled the release rate of ibuprofen. Meanwhile, the AAD also displayed low cytotoxicity to the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Thanks to the good amphiphilic property, colloidal interface activity, hydrophobic drug-loading performance, and cytocompatibility, the synthesized AAD exhibited a great potential for the development of hydrophobic pharmaceutical formulations.

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Bej, Raju, Priya Rajdev, Ranajit Barman, and Suhrit Ghosh. "Hyperbranched polydisulfides." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 5 (2020): 990–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01675a.

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Synthesis, aqueous aggregation, hydrophobic guest encapsulation, non-covalent encapsulation stability and glutathione responsive degradation of amphiphilic hyperbranched polydisulfides have been reported.

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Smaoui, Mohamed R., Cody Mazza-Anthony, and Jérôme Waldispühl. "Investigating Mutations to Reduce Huntingtin Aggregation by Increasing Htt-N-Terminal Stability and Weakening Interactions with PolyQ Domain." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6247867.

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Huntington’s disease is a fatal autosomal genetic disorder characterized by an expanded glutamine-coding CAG repeat sequence in the huntingtin (Htt) exon 1 gene. The Htt protein associated with the disease misfolds into toxic oligomers and aggregate fibril structures. Competing models for the misfolding and aggregation phenomena have suggested the role of the Htt-N-terminal region and the CAG trinucleotide repeats (polyQ domain) in affecting aggregation propensities and misfolding. In particular, one model suggests a correlation between structural stability and the emergence of toxic oligomers, whereas a second model proposes that molecular interactions with the extended polyQ domain increase aggregation propensity. In this paper, we computationally explore the potential to reduce Htt aggregation by addressing the aggregation causes outlined in both models. We investigate the mutation landscape of the Htt-N-terminal region and explore amino acid residue mutations that affect its structural stability and hydrophobic interactions with the polyQ domain. Out of the millions of 3-point mutation combinations that we explored, the (L4K E12K K15E) was the most promising mutation combination that addressed aggregation causes in both models. The mutant structure exhibited extreme alpha-helical stability, low amyloidogenicity potential, a hydrophobic residue replacement, and removal of a solvent-inaccessible intermolecular side chain that assists oligomerization.

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Gong, Sijia, Xuefeng Shi, Jiangxia Zheng, Ruitong Dai, Junying Li, Guiyun Xu, and Xingmin Li. "Effect of Xanthan Gum, Kappa–Carrageenan, and Guar Gum on the Functional Characteristics of Egg White Liquid and Intermolecular Interaction Mechanism." Foods 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142119.

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This study evaluated the effects of three polysaccharides, xanthan gum (XG), kappa-carrageenan (CA), and guar gum (GG), on the foaming and emulsifying properties of egg white liquid (EWL) and explored the intermolecular interactions and aggregation states in the initial polysaccharide–EWL complex. The results showed that the addition of XG and GG significantly improved the foaming stability of EWL on the one hand, from 66% to 78% and 69%, respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the addition of XG and GG significantly improved the foam uniformity and density, and the average foam area decreased from 0.127 to 0.052 and 0.022 mm2, respectively (p < 0.05). The addition of XG and CA significantly improved the emulsification activity index (from 13.32 to 14.58 and 14.36 m2/mg, respectively, p < 0.05) and the emulsion stability index (from 50.89 to 53.62 and 52.18 min, respectively, p < 0.05), as well as the interfacial protein adsorption at the oil–water interface; it also reduced the creaming index. However, GG negatively affected these indicators. Furthermore, the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions among molecules in EWL due to XG and the electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions among molecules in EWL due to CA ultimately led to the irregular aggregation of egg white proteins. Hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds between molecules in EWL–containing GG formed filamentous aggregations of egg white proteins. This work reveals that molecules in the polysaccharide–egg white complexes aggregate by interaction forces, which in turn have different effects on the foaming and emulsifying properties of egg white proteins.

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Li, Zhe, Weijiang Guan, Chao Lu, Xi-Rui Zhou, Shi-Zhong Luo, Ying You, and Jin Ouyang. "Hydrophobicity-induced prestaining for protein detection in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis." Chemical Communications 52, no. 13 (2016): 2807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09377e.

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Chen, Hui, Yujiao Fan, Nian Zhang, Sylvain Trépout, Bergam Ptissam, Annie Brûlet, Ben Zhong Tang, and Min-Hui Li. "Fluorescent polymer cubosomes and hexosomes with aggregation-induced emission." Chemical Science 12, no. 15 (2021): 5495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00270h.

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Fluorescent Im3̄m cubosome and P6mm hexosome with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were reported, which were formed by amphiphilic block copolymers PEG-b-PTPEMA. The length of hydrophobic block PTPEMA was adjusted to control morphology formation.

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Fedeli, Elisabetta, Alexandre Lancelot, José Luis Serrano, Pilar Calvo, and Teresa Sierra. "Self-assembling amphiphilic Janus dendrimers: mesomorphic properties and aggregation in water." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 3 (2015): 1960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj02071e.

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