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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydronephrosis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Das, Bhagwan, Kailash Kumar Daseja, Inayatullah ., Muhammad Rashid Rasul, Akhtar Hussain Phul, and Imran Khan Memon. "Hydronephrotic Kidney Assessment via Ultrasonography." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 29, 2022): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166326.

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Objective: To assess hydronephrotic kidney assessment via ultrasonography. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st August 2020 to 31st September/2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients visited for the complaint and suspicion of hydronephrosis and within them 40 patients were diagnosed with hydronephrosis. The both kidneys were examined in the longitudinal as well as transvers planes of scanning using colored Doppler technique in ultrasonography. In older age patients a curved-array transducer having centered frequencies (3-6 MHz) was applied while in case of younger patients’ linear array-transducer was used with high entre frequencies. Results: The age of the patients was between 12-72 years with more elderly patients than youngsters. Most of the patients were males rather than females. Ureteropelvic obstruction in junction, primary megaureter as well as urethral valve involvement was observed in ultrasound imaging of hydronephrotic pediatric kidney. End stage hydronephrosis was presented in adult patients with cortical thining. Conclusion: Ureter and kidney stone appeared to be a common reason of hydronephrosis. Keywords: Hydronephrosis, Ultrasonography, Blockage, Calculi

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2

Arnold, Amy C., Hossam A. Shaltout, Shea Gilliam-Davis, Nancy D. Kock, and Debra I. Diz. "Autonomic control of the heart is altered in Sprague-Dawley rats with spontaneous hydronephrosis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): H2206—H2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01263.2010.

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The renal medulla plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, through interactions with the autonomic nervous system. Hydronephrosis is characterized by substantial loss of renal medullary tissue. However, whether alterations in autonomic control of the heart are observed in this condition is unknown. Thus we assessed resting hemodynamics and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for control of heart rate in urethane/chloralose-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats with normal or hydronephrotic kidneys. While resting arterial pressure was similar, heart rate was higher in rats with hydronephrosis (290 ± 12 normal vs. 344 ± 11 mild/moderate vs. 355 ± 13 beats/min severe; P < 0.05). The evoked BRS to increases, but not decreases, in pressure was lower in hydronephrotic rats (1.06 ± 0.06 normal vs. 0.72 ± 0.10 mild/moderate vs. 0.63 ± 0.07 ms/mmHg severe; P < 0.05). Spectral analysis methods confirmed reduced parasympathetic function in hydronephrosis, with no differences in measures of indirect sympathetic activity among conditions. As a secondary aim, we investigated whether autonomic dysfunction in hydronephrosis is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). There were no differences in circulating angiotensin peptides among conditions, suggesting that the impaired autonomic function in hydronephrosis is independent of peripheral RAS activation. A possible site for angiotensin II-mediated BRS impairment is the solitary tract nucleus (NTS). In normal and mild/moderate hydronephrotic rats, NTS administration of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist candesartan significantly improved the BRS, suggesting that angiotensin II provides tonic suppression to the baroreflex. In contrast, angiotensin II blockade produced no significant effect in severe hydronephrosis, indicating that at least within the NTS baroreflex suppression in these animals is independent of angiotensin II.

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3

Carlström, Mattias, Russell D. Brown, Jenny Edlund, Johan Sällström, Erik Larsson, Tom Teerlink, Fredrik Palm, Nils Wåhlin, and A. Erik G. Persson. "Role of nitric oxide deficiency in the development of hypertension in hydronephrotic animals." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 294, no. 2 (February 2008): F362—F370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00410.2007.

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Hydronephrotic animals develop renal injury and hypertension, which is associated with an abnormal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). The TGF sensitivity is coupled to nitric oxide (NO) in the macula densa. The involvement of reduced NO availability in the development of hypertension in hydronephrosis was investigated. Hydronephrosis was induced by ureteral obstruction in young rats. Blood pressure and renal excretion were measured in adulthood, under different sodium conditions, and before and after chronic administration of either NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or l-arginine. Blood samples for ADMA, SDMA, and l-arginine analysis were taken and the renal tissue was used for histology and determination of NO synthase (NOS) proteins. TGF characteristics were determined by stop-flow pressure technique before and after administration of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) or l-arginine. Hydronephrotic animals developed salt-sensitive hypertension, which was associated with pressure natriuresis and diuresis. The blood pressure response to l-NAME was attenuated and l-arginine supplementation decreased blood pressure in hydronephrotic animals, but not in the controls. Under control conditions, reactivity and sensitivity of the TGF response were greater in the hydronephrotic group. 7-NI administration increased TGF reactivity and sensitivity in control animals, whereas, in hydronephrotic animals, neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibition had no effect. l-Arginine attenuated TGF response more in hydronephrotic kidneys than in controls. The hydronephrotic animals displayed various degrees of histopathological changes. ADMA and SDMA levels were higher and the renal expressions of nNOS and endothelial NOS proteins were lower in animals with hydronephrosis. Reduced NO availability in the diseased kidney in hydronephrosis, and subsequent resetting of the TGF mechanism, plays an important role in the development of hypertension.

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4

Carlström, Mattias, Russell D. Brown, Johan Sällström, Erik Larsson, Mihkel Zilmer, Sheller Zabihi, Ulf J. Eriksson, and A. Erik G. Persson. "SOD1 deficiency causes salt sensitivity and aggravates hypertension in hydronephrosis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 1 (July 2009): R82—R92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90843.2008.

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Hydronephrosis causes renal dysfunction and salt-sensitive hypertension, which is associated with nitric oxide deficiency and abnormal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. We investigated the role of oxidative stress for salt sensitivity and for hypertension in hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis was induced in superoxide dismutase 1-transgenic (SOD1-tg), SOD1-deficient (SOD1-ko), and wild-type mice and in rats. In mice, telemetric measurements were performed during normal (0.7% NaCl) and high-sodium (4% NaCl) diets and with chronic tempol supplementation. The 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (F2-IsoPs) and protein excretion profiles and renal histology were investigated. The acute effects of tempol on blood pressure and TGF were studied in rats. In hydronephrosis, wild-type mice developed salt-sensitive hypertension (114 ± 1 to 120 ± 2 mmHg), which was augmented in SOD1-ko (125 ± 3 to 135 ± 4 mmHg) but abolished in SOD1-tg (109 ± 3 to 108 ± 3 mmHg). SOD1-ko controls displayed salt-sensitive blood pressure (108 ± 1 to 115 ± 2 mmHg), which was not found in wild types or SOD1-tg. Chronic tempol treatment reduced blood pressure in SOD1-ko controls (−7 mmHg) and in hydronephrotic wild-type (−8 mmHg) and SOD1-ko mice (−16 mmHg), but had no effect on blood pressure in wild-type or SOD1-tg controls. SOD1-ko controls and hydronephrotic wild-type and SOD1-ko mice exhibited increased fluid excretion associated with increased F2-IsoPs and protein excretion. The renal histopathological changes found in hydronephrotic wild-type were augmented in SOD1-ko and diminished in SOD-tg mice. Tempol attenuated blood pressure and normalized TGF response in hydronephrosis [ΔPSF: 15.2 ± 1.2 to 9.1 ± 0.6 mmHg, turning point: 14.3 ± 0.8 to 19.7 ± 1.4 nl/min]. Oxidative stress due to SOD1 deficiency causes salt sensitivity and plays a pivotal role for the development of hypertension in hydronephrosis. Increased superoxide formation may enhance TGF response and thereby contribute to hypertension.

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5

Vari, R. C., F. G. Boineau, and J. E. Lewy. "Angiotensin or thromboxane receptor antagonism in rats with congenital hydronephrosis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3, no. 8 (February 1993): 1522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v381522.

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A technique for the measurement of GFR without collection of urine in rats was experimentally validated and applied to experiments designed to: (1) evaluate the degree of reduction of GFR in rats with congenital, unilateral hydronephrosis; and (2) to determine if the reduction in renal function is mediated by angiotensin II and/or thromboxane A2 mechanisms. Simultaneous measurements of GFR by a constant-infusion technique and the traditional inulin clearance technique in rats with either one or two normal kidneys were highly correlated (r = 0.934; P < 0.001; N = 17). GFR was approximately 24% lower (P < 0.001) in rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis than in rats with a normal kidney. The GFR in rats with hydronephrosis infused with a receptor blocker for either angiotensin II or thromboxane A2 was greater than the GFR in hydronephrotic kidneys without blockade and was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that in rats with normal kidneys. These results indicate that a constant inulin infusion technique without urine collections can be used to accurately measure GFR in congenitally hydronephrotic kidneys, rendering values free from possible residual pelvic volume artifact. In addition, these results also indicate that a significant 24% reduction in GFR occurs in congenital unilateral hydronephrosis and is mediated by angiotensin II and thromboxane A2 mechanisms.

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6

Otero, Hansel J., Juan J. Cerrolaza, Judyta Loomis, Amanda George, Elijah Biggs, James Jago, and Marius G. Linguraru. "Feasibility and Quality Determinants of 3D Sonography in Children With Hydronephrosis." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 34, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479317717201.

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The objective was to determine the image quality of 3D diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) in children with hydronephrosis. 3D DMS was assessed based on 24 pediatric patients. Image quality was evaluated by two radiologists and a sonographer in terms of rib shadowing, cut-off parenchymal edges, motion artifact, and overall quality. The interreader reliability and relation between image quality and other variables were calculated. The results were based on images of 32 hydronephrotic kidneys. The average quality scoring of the images was quite high. Rib shadowing, cut-off edges, and motion artifact were present in the majority of the cases. The interreader reliability for overall quality, rib shadowing, cut-off, and motion was quite high. There was a correlation between the Society for Fetal and Neonatal Urology’s hydronephrosis grade and higher cut-off edges. Larger kidneys were more likely to show cut-off, motion, and lower quality scores. In this cohort of infants and toddlers with hydronephrotic kidneys, 3D DMS demonstrated good image quality; however, artifacts were attributed to kidney size and severity of hydronephrosis.

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7

Takeda, M., Y. Katayama, T. Tsutsui, T. Komeyama, and T. Mizusawa. "Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hydronephrosis using Low Magnetic Field Apparatus. Comparison with Radionuclide Study." Urologia Journal 60, no. 4 (August 1993): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039306000410.

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We evaluated the value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under low magnetic field in estimating functional recovery from hydronephrosis by comparing dynamic MRI using a low-magnetic field machine with radioisotope (Rl) renal scintigraphy. 1) Both in normal kidney and hydronephrosis, patterns of dynamic MRI were different from those of 99mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid renography in most cases. 2) The ratio of signal intensity of renal medulla (or inner parenchyma) and that of renal cortex (or outer parenchyma) at the 3rd image tended to be correlated with the grade of hydronephrosis on intravenous pyelography. 3) When signal intensity of renal cortex (or outer parenchyma) increased from the 1st to the 2nd image more rapidly than that of renal medulla (or inner parenchyma), improvement of function of the hydronephrotic kidney after release of obstruction could be expected according to the change in 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal uptake rate. In conclusion, dynamic MRI using a low magnetic field machine may predict functional recovery from hydronephrosis.

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8

Krivoshei, Lian, Yemi Akin-Olugbade, Glen Mcwilliams, Moshe Halak, and Daniel Silverberg. "Endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in the presence of a hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney." Vascular 20, no. 1 (February 2012): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/vasc.2011.cr0298.

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The aim of this paper is to report an unusual case of a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and a hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney (HSK) that was repaired by endovascular means. An 81-year-old male patient with a known HSK was found to have hydronephrosis and an AAA. The patient's aneurysm was treated with an endovascular stent graft which required the covering of accessory renal arteries. He had an uneventful recovery with complete resolution of the hydronephrosis evident on a computed tomography scan performed seven months after the surgery. In conclusion, endovascular aneurysm repair is a feasible therapeutic option for an AAA coexisting with an HSK and may be considered as a valid alternative to open repair when concomitant hydronephrosis is present.

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9

Venkatesan, Krishnan, Joel Green, Steven R. Shapiro, and George F. Steinhardt. "Correlation of Hydronephrosis Index to Society of Fetal Urology Hydronephrosis Scale." Advances in Urology 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/960490.

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Purpose. We seek to correlate conventional hydronephrosis (HN) grade and hydronephrosis index (HI).Methods. We examined 1207 hydronephrotic kidneys by ultrasound. HN was classified by Society of Fetal Urology guidelines. HN was then gauged using HI, a reproducible, standardized, and dimensionless measurement of renal area. We then calculated average HI for each HN grade.Results. Comparing HI to standard SFU HN grade, average HI is 89.3 for grade I; average HI is 83.9 for grade II; average HI is 73.0 for grade III; average HI is 54.6 for SFU grade IV.Conclusions. HI correlates well with SFU HN grade. The HI serves as a quantitative measure of HN. HI can be used to track HN over time. Versus conventional grading, HI may be more sensitive in defining severe (grades III and IV) HN, and in indicating resolving, stable, or worsening HN, thus providing more information for clinical decision-making and HN management.

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10

Medjebeur, A. A., L. Bussieres, B. Gasser, V. Gimonet, and K. Laborde. "Experimental bilateral urinary obstruction in fetal sheep: transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): F372—F379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.3.f372.

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To gain insight into the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the development of kidney pathology following fetal obstruction, we measured TGF-beta 1 gene expression, the active peptide, and the urinary concentration in a model of fetal bilateral urinary obstruction (BUO) in sheep. Fetal lambs underwent BUO at 60 (FO-60) or 80 days (FO-80) of gestation and were studied at 120 days. Independently of the onset or duration of obstruction, all fetuses developed type IV dysplasia (IV) associated with an arrest in the nephrogenesis or hydronephrosis. Fetal glomerular filtration rate was not significantly modified, whereas sodium tubular reabsorption was significantly decreased, and urinary TGF-beta 1 concentration was elevated in hydronephrosis but not in IV. Levels of TGF-beta 1 mRNA were increased in hydronephrosis compared with normal kidneys, and active TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity was increased in both hydronephrotic and IV kidneys. In summary, TGF-beta 1 may play a role in the development of hydronephrosis and dysplasia in kidneys following fetal BUO. Its role in the arrest of nephrogenesis observed in the IV kidneys remains to be proved.

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11

King, Lowell R. "HYDRONEPHROSIS." Urologic Clinics of North America 22, no. 1 (February 1995): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(21)01014-4.

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12

Mesrobian, Hrair-George O., and Shama P. Mirza. "Hydronephrosis." Pediatric Clinics of North America 59, no. 4 (August 2012): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.008.

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13

Rafiq, Asad, Frida Abrahamian, and Bashar Attar. "Hydronephrosis." American Journal of Gastroenterology 103 (September 2008): S108—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200809001-00281.

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14

Liu, Dennis B., William R. Armstrong, and Max Maizels. "Hydronephrosis." Clinics in Perinatology 41, no. 3 (September 2014): 661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2014.05.013.

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15

Takenaka, T., and H. Forster. "Arginine vasopressin interacts with thromboxane in hydronephrosis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): F40—F47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.1.f40.

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The influence of hydronephrosis (6-10 wk) on the renal vascular response to arginine vasopressin (AVP) was assessed, using isolated perfused normal and hydronephrotic rat kidneys. In normal kidneys, AVP (0.3 nM) reduced renal perfusate flow (RPF) by 55 +/- 7% (P < 0.01). AVP-induced decrements in RPF were reversed partially by diltiazem (10 microM) and completely by 10 nM of an AVP (V1)-receptor antagonist (AVPX). In hydronephrotic kidneys, AVP reduced RPF by 81 +/- 2% (P < 0.01) and constricted afferent (AA) and efferent arterioles (EA) by 33 +/- 3 (P < 0.01) and 33 +/- 5% (P < 0.01), respectively. The addition of diltiazem altered neither RPF nor vessel diameters. Administration of AVPX recovered RPF, AA, and EA diameters. When hydronephrotic kidneys were pretreated with thromboxane (Tx) inhibitors, AVP reduced RPF by 62 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) and constricted AAs and EAs by 26 +/- 2 (P < 0.01) and 17 +/- 3% (P < 0.05), respectively. Under Tx blockade, diltiazem partially reversed the AVP-induced reduction in RPF and restored the decrements in AA diameter. Subsequent addition of AVPX returned RPF and EA diameter. Our data indicate that AVP elicits substantial renal microvascular constriction and suggest that AVP stimulates Tx production in hydronephrotic kidneys, thereby altering renal vascular responsiveness to this peptide.

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16

Kepenek, Ferat, Zehra Pınar Koç, İrfan Orhan, Tansel Ansal Balcı, Funda Aydın, Ahmet Fırat Güngör, Tunc Ozan, and Cihat Tektas. "Classical vs. unit area method in the evaluation of differential renal function in unilateral hydronephrosis." Diagnosis 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2014-0044.

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Abstract: There are some problematic results in determination of differential renal function (DRF) by means of Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy in hydronephrotic kidneys. In this study the classical method (CM) and unit area methods (UAM) in the estimation of DRF in unilateral hydronephrosis before and after intervention were compared.: Twenty patients (12 M, 8 F; mean: 42.6±18.5 years old) who were candidates for surgery or intervention because of unilateral hydronephrosis were the subjects of this study. All the patients were evaluated by Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy before and 3–6 months after the intervention. In order to estimate DRF both CM and UAM (obtained by division of the counts including the kidney ROI to pixel of the same ROI) were performed. Bland-Altman analyses were performed in order to compare the DRF values obtained from both methods.: The agreement between CM and UAM was poor in the preoperative estimation, however, the agreement was good after the operation or intervention.: In this study it seems that DRF estimation with CM in unilateral hydronephrosis might be problematic in the determination of surgery thus UAM might be introduced as the method of choice in the determination of DRF in unilateral hyronephrosis.

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17

Khasnis, Ravindra G., and Rajshankar S. "A clinical study on management of hydronephrosis detected antenatally." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190438.

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Background: It is important to detect and manage hydronephrosis early for improved clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to detect and manage the hydronephrosis which occurs antenatally.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in 20 cases of hydronephrosis in pregnant women as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down for the present study. Patients with mild hydronephrosis were observed. Patients with PUJ obstruction underwent pyeloplasty. Patients with posterior urethral valves underwent cystoscopic dilatation. Patients with VUR were put on prophylactic antibiotic and observed. The patients were followed up post operatively with USG and DTPA scan as indicated.Results: Among the 20 cases with hydronephrosis, majority were males. All cases in terms of side affected were found to be equally distributed. Hydronephrosis was found to be mild in seven (35%) of the cases. Renal dysplasia and bilateral hydronephrosis were found to be the predictors of post natal pathology. Grade 3 and grade 4 were 40% each. There was no persistent case. The most common cause of hydronephrosis was transient hypertension in 5 (33.3%) of the cases.Conclusions: Mild hydronephrosis resolves early and there is no persistence. Renal dysplasia and bilateral hydronephrosis are the important predictors of the post natal hydronephrosis.

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18

Fakhir Yousuf, Salman el Khalid, Abdul Wasy Mahmood, Zafar Iqbal, Waqar Hassan, and Shakeel Haseeb Uddin Siddique. "Is hydronephrosis a risk factor for complications in conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy?" Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.01.6443.

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Objective: To assess Hydronephrosis as a Risk Factor for complications in Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Kidney Centre Post Graduate Training Centre, Karachi. Period: January to December 2020. Material & Methods: This study was done to know post-operative complications including bleeding, infection, and incomplete stone clearance in patients with or without hydronephrosis undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. After applying the inclusion/ exclusion criteria it was found that the patients with hydronephrosis had less bleeding as compared to the no hydronephrosis group. In the same way, they also had fewer nephrostomy tubes placed, and chest drain insertion. All other complications were approximately the same in each group. Patients were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Percentage and frequencies were determined for quantitative variables. Mean and standard deviation were determined for quantitative variables. Results: Total 300 cases were studied fulfilling inclusion criteria. There were 70.07% male and 29.3% female cases. Age range of the patients was 18-60 years. There were 52.7% cases with hydronephrosis, placed in one group and 47.3% cases were without hydronephrosis placed in other group. Most common complication was postoperative bleeding reported in 48.9% cases with hydronephrosis as compared to 56.2% cases without hydronephrosis. Mean operative time was 115.7 ± 41.9 minutes in patients with hydronephrosis and 135 ± 35.4 minutes in patients without hydronephrosis. Conclusion: Patients with hydronephrosis experienced less postoperative complications, after PCNL as compared to those without hydronephrosis.

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19

Golcuk, Yalcin, Murat Ozsarac, Emrah Eseroglu, and Mehmet Bilgehan Yuksel. "Giant Hydronephrosis." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 4 (July 7, 2014): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.2.19430.

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20

Schlomer, Bruce J., and Hillary L. Copp. "Antenatal Hydronephrosis." NeoReviews 14, no. 11 (November 2013): e551-e561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.14-11-e551.

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Hasan, Mahmood, Fazal Naser, Shafiqul Azam, Abul Hossain, and Shohrab Hossain. "Antenatal Hydronephrosis." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 22, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v22i2.50141.

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22

Higuchi, Akihiro, Hideo Nakai, Minoru Miyazato, Masanobu Izumitani, Seiichiro Shishido, and Takeshi Kawamura. "INTERMITTENT HYDRONEPHROSIS." Japanese Journal of Urology 87, no. 10 (1996): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol1989.87.1145.

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23

AHMED SHAIKH, NISAR, GHULAM SHABIR SHEIKH, SHABIR AHMED LARIK, Muhammad Iqbal, and MALIK Hussain. "GIANT HYDRONEPHROSIS." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 04 (August 7, 2012): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.04.2279.

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Objective: To study the clinical presentation and management of giant hydronephrosis. Setting: Civil Hospital Dadu andUrology Department SMBBMU Larkana. Period: March 2004 to march 2011. Patients and methods: 28 Patient with giant hydronephrosistreated. 18(64.3%) patients had unilateral and 2(7.1%)had bilateral pelvi ureteric junction obstruction, 4(14.3%) had ureteric stones andremaining 4(14.3%) had multiple renal stones. All patients were treated with definitive surgery ie pyeloplasty, nephroplication, ureterolithotomy,extended pyelolithotomy and nephrectomy. Six (21.4%) patients had elevated blood urea and serum creatinine level so initially treated bypercutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric cathetrization. Result: 10 out of 28 cases of giant hydronephrosis showed improvement in the functionand drainage as well as pelvi-calyceal system dilatation while 18 patients going for nephrectomy. Conclusions: Early referral and interventionis necessary for giant hydronephrosis to prevent infection and deterioration of renal function.

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24

Wu, Chia-Chao, and Guang-Huan Sun. "Giant Hydronephrosis." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 84, no. 11 (November 2009): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/84.11.954.

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25

Orikasa, S. "Inborn Hydronephrosis." Japanese Journal of Urology 80, no. 13 (1989): 1875–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.80.1875.

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26

Giron, Amilcar Martins. "Antenal hydronephrosis." Revista de Medicina 97, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v97i3p287-294.

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Genitourinary anomalies can be detected in the antenatal period with incidence of 0.5 a 1% in gestational population; 20 a 30% of these anomalies involve the urinary tract. Hydronephrosis is the most frequent urinary tract anomaly followed by cystic anomalies. Currently, technical advances of high-resolution ultrasound identify, in a non-invasive way, the gestational anatomy. The evaluation of the urinary tract, by means of complementary examinations: precocious abdominal and pelvic ultrasound (US), laboratory analysis, functional evaluation (DTPA99 -glomerular function; DMSA99 -tubular function and MAG99 -MAG-3), voiding cystourethrography and others if necessary. Conclusion - Every pregnant woman should undergo at least one morphological ultrasound examination carried out in satisfactory conditions and by qualified professional during the prenatal follow-up to identify possible malformations of the fetus. Following a pre-established roadmap of complementary examinations, it is possible to treat the pathology safely, allowing the newborn to receive hospital discharge in good condition, with a mandatory multidisciplinary outpatient follow-up with pediatric, nephrologist and pediatric urologist’s consultations.

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SALEH, B. M. S., A. Q. HADI, and M. W. ABDIN. "Giant Hydronephrosis." British Journal of Urology 70, no. 6 (December 1992): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15845.x.

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28

Yanaral, Fatih, and Zafer Tandogdu. "Antenatal Hydronephrosis." Journal of Academic Research in Medicine 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2013): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/jarem.2013.16.

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29

Chung, S. D., S. C. Chueh, S. F. Hung, H. J. Yu, and K. H. Huang. "Massive hydronephrosis." Kidney International 72, no. 1 (July 2007): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002213.

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Roth, Jonathan A., and David A. Diamond. "Prenatal hydronephrosis." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 13, no. 2 (April 2001): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008480-200104000-00009.

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Frazier, Johnnie P., Deborah K. Parks, and Robert J. Yetman. "Congenital hydronephrosis." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 15, no. 5 (September 2001): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mph.2001.117380.

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King, Lowell R. "Fetal Hydronephrosis." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 70, no. 6 (June 1995): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(11)64324-3.

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Wu, Chia-Chao, and Guang-Huan Sun. "Giant Hydronephrosis." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 84, no. 11 (November 2009): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(11)60664-2.

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FRAZIER, J., D. PARKS, and R. YETMAN. "Congenital hydronephrosis." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 15, no. 5 (September 2001): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(01)67109-8.

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Fefer, Sergio, and Pamela Ellsworth. "Prenatal Hydronephrosis." Pediatric Clinics of North America 53, no. 3 (June 2006): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.012.

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Chen, Yu-Chi, Victor C. Lin, and Tsan-Jung Yu. "Antenatal Hydronephrosis." Urological Science 21, no. 3 (September 2010): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1879-5226(10)60024-3.

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Pattanshetti, Vishwanath M., M. K. Swamy, S. I. Neeli, Ashok S. Godhi, and S. C. Metgud. "Giant hydronephrosis." Indian Journal of Surgery 72, S1 (July 2010): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-010-0110-8.

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Budigi, Bhavana, and Raymond B. Dyer. "“Giant” hydronephrosis." Abdominal Radiology 44, no. 5 (April 16, 2019): 1946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-019-01909-4.

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Lai, C. T., H. H. Chen, C. J. Wu, and C. W. Chang. "Giant hydronephrosis." Emergency Medicine Journal 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2009.080846.

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Elder, Jack S. "ANTENATAL HYDRONEPHROSIS." Pediatric Clinics of North America 44, no. 5 (October 1997): 1299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70558-7.

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Jung, Lae Young, Kyung Pyo Kang, Won Kim, Sung Kwang Park, and Sik Lee. "Masked Hydronephrosis." Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 27, no. 2 (2012): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2012.27.2.244.

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Young, J. M., and A. J. W. Hilson. "Antenatal hydronephrosis." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 4 (April 1995): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199504000-00016.

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Aslan, Ahmet R., Barry A. Kogan, and James Mandell. "Neonatal hydronephrosis." Current Opinion in Urology 8, no. 6 (November 1998): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042307-199811000-00002.

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Kitchens, David M., and C. D. Anthony Herndon. "Antenatal hydronephrosis." Current Urology Reports 10, no. 2 (March 2009): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-009-0023-x.

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Van Dervoort, Kristy, Stephanie Lasky, Christine Sethna, Rachel Frank, Suzanne Vento, Jeanne Choi-Rosen, Beatrice Goilav, and Howard Trachtman. "Hydronephrosis in Infants and Children: Natural History and Risk Factors for Persistence in Children Followed by a Medical Service." Clinical medicine. Pediatrics 3 (January 2009): CMPed.S3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s3584.

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Background Infants with neonatal hydronephrosis and a normal voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) are presumed to have ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). There is little current information about the natural history of children with hydronephrosis or clinical factors that predict resolution of the radiological abnormality. Objective To determine the time course until spontaneous resolution of neonatal hydronephrosis and define risk factors for persistence of the abnormality. Methods This retrospective single center review examined infants and children <5 years of age with hydronephrosis who were followed for at least 12 months. Results 136 children were identified (96 male:40 female). The mean age at diagnosis of hydronephrosis was 3.3 ± 9.7 months and 76% of the patients were diagnosed at birth. The hydronephrosis was unilateral in 98 (72%) of cases, and hydronephrosis was at least moderate in severity in 22% of affected kidneys. At last follow-up at 30 ± 10 months, the abnormality had resolved in 77 out of 115 (67%) available patients, 30 (26%) had been referred to urology, and 12 (10%) had persistent hydronephrosis. Severity of hydronephrosis was the only clinical feature that predicted persistence of the abnormality (P < 0.001). There was an association between detection at birth and lack of resolution of hydronephrosis. Conclusions Children with hydronephrosis and presumed UPJO and normal kidney parenchyma can be followed for at least 2 years to allow for spontaneous resolution before referral to urology. Serial sonography can be performed at 6 month intervals in uncomplicated cases. More severe hydronephrosis and presence of the lesion at birth may predict infants and children requiring closer observation and referral for possible surgical correction of the hydronephrosis.

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Pugacevska, Daila, Valerija Groma, Aigars Petersons, Ivars Melderis, and Ainars Gilis. "Morphological Changes of Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) in Case of Congenital Hydronephrosis – Review of Literature." Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/chilat-2014-0014.

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Abstract Congenital hydronephrosis is the most common cause of antenatally detected hydronephrotic transformation. Obstruction of UPJ can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Most cases of intrinsic stenosis do not require any treatment as it disappears during growth of a child. It is considered that in these cases wave of peristalsis appears again in aperistaltic UPJ. The cells responsible for peristalsis wave impulses, mechanisms of conduction of these impulses and regulation of them are not well recognized. Similarly, it is not clear why functional UPJ stenosis appears and disappears untreated in most cases. Researchers believe that all these processes are associated with the structural peculiarities of UPJ - changes in urothelium, muscle layer and innervation. The role of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), important contributors of the urinary tract physiology, has not been extended to the obstruction of UPJ. Structural changes of UPJ wall are conclusive while choosing the most appropriate method of surgical treatment in newborns with congenital hydronephrosis.

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Verghes, Dr Josey. "Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Foetal Hydronephrosis." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 03 (March 26, 2017): 19407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.171.

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Moni, Sadeka Choudhury, K. M. Mahbubur Rahman, and Faria Yasmin. "Antenatal Hydronephrosis in a Cohort of 187 Congenital Birth Defects over 2 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh." Paediatric Nephrology Journal of Bangladesh 9, no. 1 (January 2024): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pnjb.pnjb_4_24.

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Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most common birth defects. Postnatal ultrasonogram (USG) evaluation is essential to preserve renal function, prevent urinary infection, and decide surgical management. Objective: This study aims to estimate the frequency of ANH among a cohort of newborns with birth defects, observe maternal and neonatal characteristics in hydronephrotic babies, and perform postnatal radiological evaluation of newborns to observe the anatomical status of the kidney. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective analytical study conducted over 2 years in the Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Inborn and outborn newborns of any gestational age in the postnatal ward or admitted at neonatal intensive care unit BSMMU, with antenatal sonographic diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis of any grade, who completed radiologic evaluation at 1 month of age, were included in the study. The study group was evaluated postnatally by using an USG. The first USG was done 3 days after birth by a radiologist in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, and the second USG was advised for all cases at 1 month of age. Result: The frequency of ANH was 28.3% among the studied cohort. Forty-four of them completed the second USG at 1 month of age. Involvement was bilateral in most (65.9%) of the affected babies, and moderate to severe hydronephrosis outnumbered the mild variety. In follow-up radiology, 43.2% underwent gradual regression. The frequency of postnatal diagnosis of different anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract was ureteropelvic junction obstruction (27.3%), hypoplastic/ dysplastic kidney (9.1%), vesicoureteral reflux (15.9%), pelvic kidney (2.3%), and single kidney (2.3%). Conclusion: A moderate number of ANH cases undergo spontaneous resolution. Permanent or obstructive hydronephrosis is associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hypoplastic/dysplastic kidney, vesicoureteral reflux, pelvic kidney, and single kidney.

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Innes, G., E. Grafstein, A. McRae, D. Wang, E. Lang, and J. Andruchow. "LO060: Diagnostic and prognostic value of hydronephrosis in emergency department patients with acute renal colic." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.97.

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Introduction: Hydronephrosis is a marker of stone-related ureteral obstruction. Our objective was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of hydronephrosis in ED patients with renal colic. Methods: We used an administrative database to identify all renal colic patients seen in Calgary’s four EDs in 2014. Research assistants reviewed imaging reports to identify proven ureteral stones, and to document hydronephrosis and stone size. Surgical interventions, ED and hospital visits within 60-days were collated from all regional hospitals. The primary outcome was sensitivity and specificity of hydronephrosis (moderate or severe) for detecting stones >5mm. We also assessed the association of hydronephrosis with index admission-intervention, and with outcomes at 7 and 60 days. Results: In 2014, 1828 patients had a confirmed ureteral stone plus assessment of hydronephrosis and stone size (1714 CT, 114 US). Hydronephrosis was absent, mild, moderate or severe in 15%, 47%, 34% and 4% of patients respectively. Median stone size was 4.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 7.0mm for patients in these categories. Mild, moderate and severe hydronephrosis were highly associated with admission (OR=2.0, 4.6, 9.8; p<0.001) and index visit surgical intervention (OR=2.1, 3.7, 6.0; p<0.001). The presence of moderate-severe hydronephrosis was 54.7% sensitive and 65.4% specific for stones > 5mm, with positive and negative predictive values of 51% and 74.2%. Of 1828 patients, 748 had an index visit surgical procedure and 1080 were discharged with medical management. In the latter group, hydronephrosis was absent, mild, moderate or severe in 20%, 50%, 27% and 3%. Corresponding median (IQR) stone size was 3.0, 4.0, 4.0 and 5.0mm. Of 1080 medically managed patients, 19% and 25% had an unscheduled ED revisit by 14 and 60 days, 9% and 10% were hospitalized by 7 and 60 days, and 13% had a rescue procedure within 60 days. In the medically managed group, degree of hydronephrosis had no statistical association with any outcomes at 7 or 60 days. Conclusion: Hydronephrosis has poor sensitivity, specificity and predictive value for stones >5mm. Degree of hydronephrosis is highly associated with MD decisions for admission and intervention, but not associated with patient outcomes in the absence of these decisions. Despite poor diagnostic and prognostic performance, hydronephrosis is likely guiding critical early management decisions.

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Randhawa, J. S., N. Rajendran, J. Husain, R. Shankaran, V. V. Nair, and S. Dorai B. "SHORT TERM STUDY ON CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND OUTCOMES OF FOETAL HYDRONEPHROSIS." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 8, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2022.1.12934.

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Background. Hydronephrosis is the most common urinary tract pathology detected on antenatal screening by Ultrasound. The detection of fetal hydronephrosis by ultrasound presents a treatment dilemma to the treating surgeon and parental anxiety. Objective. This study aims to examine the role of serial ultrasounds in antenatally detected fetal hydronephrosis to know the disease progression, and to assess indications and timing of surgery in these patients to preserve renal function. Methods. This is an observational study of 30 cases of foetal hydronephrosis conducted at a tertiary care paediatric surgery centre. A foetal renal pelvic Antero-posterior diameter (APD) >7 mm at 32 weeks of gestation is considered to indicate Foetal hydronephrosis. These patients are followed up for a period of two years from 2018 to 2020. Progression of disease and need for surgical intervention is noted. Results. The study comprised 30 cases of antenatal foetal hydronephrosis (42 renal units). Of 26 renal units with mild hydronephrosis, all are resolved in the post-natal period. Of 10 renal units with moderate hydronephrosis, 3 (30%) resolved and 7 (70%) worsened and required surgical intervention. Of 6 renal units with severe hydronephrosis, all required surgical intervention and underwent surgery between 12 to 18 months of age. Conclusions. These results suggest a grading system with antero-posterior diameter of renal pelvis distinguishes those cases with moderate and severe degrees of hydronephrosis that are at higher risk of surgery.

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