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1
Hagai, M. "An Investigation of Kagera River Basin Land Cover Dynamics for Sustainability of Lake Victoria Water Regime." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n4p166.
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This paper is reporting on an investigation done to assess land cover dynamics in KRB(Kagera River Basin) (KRB) over a period of 21 years i.e.1990-2011 using Remote Sensing, Hydrology and GIS techniques as a basis for initiating policy interventions for sustainability of Lake Victoria water regime.The extent of land cover changes in the KRB have not been quantified with the view of assessing the extent of exploitation of the natural resources.The assessment is important firstly for identification of causative factors and secondly as a mechanism for formulating necessary policies and remedial measures to that effect.Specifically, Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and ETM+ (2000) satellite images were used.Eight Land Cover classes were identified namely, Forests, Woodland, Bushland, Cultivated Land, Swamps, Grassland, Bareland and Urban areas.Hydrographical data were used to assess changes in quantity of water flowing from the KRB into Lake Victoria and relating it with land cover changes in KRB at in the period of study. Spatial data processing, analysis and interpretation were carried out in ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS software environments; while water quantity data and other non spatial data were processed and analyzed in Microsoft Excel application 2007.
The study revealed a significant decline of vegetation cover and water quantity discharged from Kagera River to Lake Victoria over the study period. This contravenes the global efforts of ecological sustainability, which urge avoidance of depletion of natural resources for maintenance for ecological balance. These results are in early warning to the Management of Lake Victoria for its potential failure towards achieving the Millennium Development Goal on responsible consumption and protection of natural resources in proximity with Lake Victoria. The Management of Lake Victoria in collaboration with other relevant authorities should thus, take remedial measures to control further depletion of vegetation cover in KRB for sustainability of Lake Victoria and its ecosystem.
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Tran, H. D., N. Muttil, and B. J. C. Perera. "Enhancing accuracy of autoregressive time series forecasting with input selection and wavelet transformation." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 5 (March 19, 2016): 791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.145.
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Autoregressive time series forecasting is common in different areas within water resources, which include hydrology, ecology, and the environment. Simple forecasting models such as linear regression have the advantage of fast runtime, which is attractive for real-time forecasting. However, their forecasting performance might not be acceptable when a non-linear relationship exists between model inputs and output, which necessitates the use of more sophisticated forecasting models such as artificial neural networks. This study investigates the performance and potential of a hybrid pre-processing technique to enhance the forecasting accuracy of two commonly used neural network models (feed-forward and layered recurrent neural network models) and a multiple linear regression model. The hybrid technique is a combination of significant input variable selection (using partial linear correlation) for reducing the dimensionality of the input data and input data transformation using discrete wavelet transform for decomposing the input time series into low and high frequency components. Two case study forecasting applications, namely, monthly inflow forecasting for a lake in Victoria (Australia) and weekly algal bloom predictions at a bay in Hong Kong were used to assess the forecasting ability of the models when used in conjunction with the hybrid technique. Results demonstrated that the hybrid technique can significantly improve the forecasting performance of all the models used.
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Faure, D., and P. Auchet. "Real time weather radar data processing for urban hydrology in Nancy." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 24, no. 8 (January 1999): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(99)00102-1.
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Thorndahl, Søren, Thomas Einfalt, Patrick Willems, Jesper Ellerbæk Nielsen, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Michael R. Rasmussen, and Peter Molnar. "Weather radar rainfall data in urban hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 1359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1359-2017.
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Abstract. Application of weather radar data in urban hydrological applications has evolved significantly during the past decade as an alternative to traditional rainfall observations with rain gauges. Advances in radar hardware, data processing, numerical models, and emerging fields within urban hydrology necessitate an updated review of the state of the art in such radar rainfall data and applications. Three key areas with significant advances over the past decade have been identified: (1) temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall data required for different types of hydrological applications, (2) rainfall estimation, radar data adjustment and data quality, and (3) nowcasting of radar rainfall and real-time applications. Based on these three fields of research, the paper provides recommendations based on an updated overview of shortcomings, gains, and novel developments in relation to urban hydrological applications. The paper also reviews how the focus in urban hydrology research has shifted over the last decade to fields such as climate change impacts, resilience of urban areas to hydrological extremes, and online prediction/warning systems. It is discussed how radar rainfall data can add value to the aforementioned emerging fields in current and future applications, but also to the analysis of integrated water systems.
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E, Băutu. "Osimin - A meteorological data platform for processing SIMIN data built on open source software." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIX, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-083.
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In 2003, the Romanian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology inaugurated National Integrated Meteorological System (SIMIN), consisting of a network of stations and instruments for measurement and detection of hydro and meteorological data, a specialized communication network, a forecasting network, and a dissemination network. With a setup cost of $55 million and a national priority role, SIMIN (implemented by Lockheed Martin) is relatively black boxed even today, using proprietary technology and software. Few institutions have direct access to the data it provides. In this paper, we present the design of a web-based software application built on open source software that allows easy access to and processing of data available in SIMIN.
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Einfalt, T., K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen, and S. Spies. "An enquiry into rainfall data measurement and processing for model use in urban hydrology." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0040.
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Rain data are collected all over the world because water is of paramount importance to all human life. WMO has provided standards for collection and standardized data processing of daily rainfall measurements. Currently no such standards are available for gauges with a resolution suitable for urban hydrology, where the resolution in time must not exceed a few minutes. The Group on Urban Rainfall under the International Water Association has made a comparison of national standards by means of a survey of 77 questions sent to 44 countries. The paper discusses the first results of the answers of the survey. Currently tipping bucket gauges are the dominating method of obtaining high resolution rain data, but the numbers of weighing gauges and radar measurements are rapidly growing. It is necessary to try to increase the awareness of documentation of current standards and to agree on standards for measurements and data processing on an international level in the future.
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Nur, Achmad Surian, and M. Azhari Noor. "HYDROLOGICAL ASPECT OF BATANG ALAI WEIR WATERSHED DUE TO LAND USE CHANGES INTO MINING AREAS." CERUCUK 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/crc.v4i1.3579.
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The policy of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources that provides permits for mining production activities for PT. MCM in the Batang Alai River area has an impact on the hydrology of the area. This study will discuss the changes in land use in the Batang Alai River area, Batang Alai Timur District, Hulu Sungai Tengah to the aspects of high flow and low flow hydrology. The research method used is manual calculation with rational methods for high flow hydrology and calculations using the ArcSWAT 2012.10.1.18 for low flow hydrology. The data needed in the processing are rainfall data, DEM data, daily discharge data, climatology data, land use data, land use change data, and Batang Alai watershed data. The results of the study were that the ratio of peak discharge of land use was changed to the mining area and land use was not converted into a mining area for high flow hydrology calculations. There is an increase in plan flood discharge in the Batang Alai River if there is a change in land use into a mining area, the design flood discharge always increases in each period. Whereas for low flow hydrology is the comparison between the daily use of land use converted into a mining area and land use is not converted into a mining area, then the daily discharge results are calculated for the availability of water. The results of low-flow hydrological modeling are categorized as good and have high influence based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value grouping and the coefficient of determination, and water availability decreases if land use is converted into a mining area.
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Riley, Merilyn. "Population Prevalence Rates of Birth Defects: A Data Management and Epidemiological Perspective." Health Information Management 34, no. 3 (September 2005): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830503400307.
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The Victorian Birth Defects Register (VBDR) is a population-based surveillance system with a primary function of monitoring trends in birth defects. This paper outlines the processes undertaken in Victoria, Australia, to obtain population prevalence rates of birth defects and investigates the effect on the prevalence rates of variations in collection and processing tasks. It includes all birth defects that were notified to the VBDR by 31 December 2004. The overall prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003 was 4.0%, with an overall accuracy rate of 88%. However, this proportion varied according to what birth defects were included, the age by which birth defects were diagnosed, changes to sources of ascertainment, inclusion of terminations of pregnancy, or reporting by cases rate (infants affected) or birth defect rate (individual birth defects). Taking all of these factors into consideration, we are confident that 4.0% is an accurate population prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003.
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Abbas, Ather, Laurie Boithias, Yakov Pachepsky, Kyunghyun Kim, Jong Ahn Chun, and Kyung Hwa Cho. "AI4Water v1.0: an open-source python package for modeling hydrological time series using data-driven methods." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 7 (April 8, 2022): 3021–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3021-2022.
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Abstract. Machine learning has shown great promise for simulating hydrological phenomena. However, the development of machine-learning-based hydrological models requires advanced skills from diverse fields, such as programming and hydrological modeling. Additionally, data pre-processing and post-processing when training and testing machine learning models are a time-intensive process. In this study, we developed a python-based framework that simplifies the process of building and training machine-learning-based hydrological models and automates the process of pre-processing hydrological data and post-processing model results. Pre-processing utilities assist in incorporating domain knowledge of hydrology in the machine learning model, such as the distribution of weather data into hydrologic response units (HRUs) based on different HRU discretization definitions. The post-processing utilities help in interpreting the model's results from a hydrological point of view. This framework will help increase the application of machine-learning-based modeling approaches in hydrological sciences.
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Pollino, Carmel A., Pat Feehan, Michael R. Grace, and Barry T. Hart. "Fish communities and habitat changes in the highly modified Goulburn Catchment, Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 8 (2004): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03180.
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Evidence for the decline in native fish communities in the lowland Goulburn Catchment has been based primarily on studies investigating changes to environmental conditions as a result of river regulation. The present study aggregates historical fisheries data to spatially compare native fish communities in different parts of the catchment. Multivariate analyses demonstrate that distinctly different community compositions are found in different parts of the catchment. Eildon Dam, a deep release reservoir, has drastically altered the hydrology and water quality of the upper Goulburn River, and ordination analyses show that this has created both physical and artificial barriers to movement of native fish into the main channel. Concurrently, fisheries data from the upper main channel show the community is highly divergent compared to the remaining catchment. Further downstream, Goulburn Weir creates a barrier to fish movement between Lake Nagambie and the lower Goulburn Catchment, and alters the natural hydrological regime. Similarity Percentage analyses demonstrate that these stressors have facilitated the establishment of alien species, which dominate fish abundance in the upper and lower main channels. The current study emphasises the need to explore alternatives for improving management strategies to rehabilitate fish communities throughout the Goulburn Catchment.
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Utama, Widya, M. Hafiizh Immaduddin, and Rista Fitri Indriani. "Physiographic Study for Hydrology of Embung Hendrosari Region, Gresik Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1095, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1095/1/012004.
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Abstract This study aims to determine physiographic characteristics based on the slope and land use which affect water control in Embung Hendrosari area, Gresik. The data used in this study are DEM data, Landsat 8 image data, and river data. The slope data processing is carried out through slope classification analysis. The Landsat 8 data processing is used for land use classification analysis. The slope classification maps and land use classification maps are used to classify flow coefficients. There are five land classifications obtained in land cover classification map including agriculture, settlements, industrial areas, plantations, and waters. There are 5 classifications obtained on the slope classification map, including flat, sloping, slightly steep, steep and very steep. The flow coefficient analysis is performed from the combination of land use data and slope data. The flow coefficient is influenced by the characteristics of the land cover and the slope of the slope. The average flow coefficient of Embung Hendrosari area is 0.31, which classified as medium flow coefficient. This indicates that 31% of the water is run off on the ground surface and 69% of the water is absorbed below the soil surface. There are changes in land function in Embung Hendrosari area, for example, agriculture area which changed into settlement and/or industry, which will significantly affect the value of the flow coefficient. The change in land use causes more water to run off the surface. This runoff water management requires a water reservoir that can be directed toward reservoir. The results of this study show such an initial step in hydrological engineering by its development, improvement, utilization, and control of water flow by utilizing the function of Hendrosari Gresik reservoir.
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Lucas, Antoine, Oded Aharonson, Charles Deledalle, Alexander G. Hayes, Randolph Kirk, and Elpitha Howington-Kraus. "Insights into Titan's geology and hydrology based on enhanced image processing of Cassini RADAR data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 119, no. 10 (October 2014): 2149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013je004584.
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Indriani, Rista Fitri, and Widya Utama. "Physiographic Study for Hydrology of Benowo Region Surabaya." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1127, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1127/1/012019.
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Abstract This study seeks to identify the physiographic characteristics based on slope and land use that influence water management in the Benowo area of Surabaya. This research utilized DEM data and Landsat 8 data. Slope analysis and land use analysis were employed in the data processing procedure. The slope classification map yielded five categories: flat, sloping, slightly steep, steep, and very steep. The land classification map featured five categories: agriculture, settlements, industrial, plantations, and waters. Based on the slope and land use, a flow coefficient analysis was performed. The average flow coefficient for the Benowo area of Surabaya was 0.35, which was categorized as a medium flow coefficient, and 65 percent of the water was absorbed by the soil below the surface. Changes in land function in the Benowo region, from agriculture and water to residential or industrial, will have a significant impact on the flow coefficient value. Changes in land function result in increased surface runoff. Water management is a crucial aspect of development planning. This study’s findings provide a foundation for hydrological engineering, development, improvement, utilization, and control of water flow, particularly in the Benowo area of Surabaya.
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Chen, Yiheng, and Dawei Han. "Big data and hydroinformatics." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 4 (March 2, 2016): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.180.
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Big data is popular in the areas of computer science, commerce and bioinformatics, but is in an early stage in hydroinformatics. Big data is originated from the extremely large datasets that cannot be processed in tolerable elapsed time with the traditional data processing methods. Using the analogy from the object-oriented programming, big data should be considered as objects encompassing the data, its characteristics and the processing methods. Hydroinformatics can benefit from the big data technology with newly emerged data, techniques and analytical tools to handle large datasets, from which creative ideas and new values could be mined. This paper provides a timely review on big data with its relevance to hydroinformatics. A further exploration on precipitation big data is discussed because estimation of precipitation is an important part of hydrology for managing floods and droughts, and understanding the global water cycle. It is promising that fusion of precipitation data from remote sensing, weather radar, rain gauge and numerical weather modelling could be achieved by parallel computing and distributed data storage, which will trigger a leap in precipitation estimation as the available data from multiple sources could be fused to generate a better product than those from single sources.
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Unnikrishnan, Poornima, and V. Jothiprakash. "Data-driven multi-time-step ahead daily rainfall forecasting using singular spectrum analysis-based data pre-processing." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 3 (August 9, 2017): 645–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.029.
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Abstract Accurate forecasting of rainfall, especially daily time-step rainfall, remains a challenging task for hydrologists' invariance with the existence of several deterministic, stochastic and data-driven models. Several researchers have fine-tuned the hydrological models by using pre-processed input data but improvement rate in prediction of daily time-step rainfall data is not up to the expected level. There are still chances to improve the accuracy of rainfall predictions with an efficient data pre-processing algorithm. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is one such technique found to be a very successful data pre-processing algorithm. In the past, the artificial neural network (ANN) model emerged as one of the most successful data-driven techniques in hydrology because of its ability to capture non-linearity and a wide variety of algorithms. This study aims at assessing the advantage of using SSA as a pre-processing algorithm in ANN models. It also compares the performance of a simple ANN model with SSA-ANN model in forecasting single time-step as well as multi-time-step (3-day and 7-day) ahead daily rainfall time series pertaining to Koyna watershed, India. The model performance measures show that data pre-processing using SSA has enhanced the performance of ANN models both in single as well as multi-time-step ahead daily rainfall prediction.
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Robinson, Jo, Katrina Witt, Michelle Lamblin, Matthew J. Spittal, Greg Carter, Karin Verspoor, Andrew Page, et al. "Development of a Self-Harm Monitoring System for Victoria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 9385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249385.
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The prevention of suicide and suicide-related behaviour are key policy priorities in Australia and internationally. The World Health Organization has recommended that member states develop self-harm surveillance systems as part of their suicide prevention efforts. This is also a priority under Australia’s Fifth National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Plan. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a state-based self-harm monitoring system in Victoria, Australia. In this system, data on all self-harm presentations are collected from eight hospital emergency departments in Victoria. A natural language processing classifier that uses machine learning to identify episodes of self-harm is currently being developed. This uses the free-text triage case notes, together with certain structured data fields, contained within the metadata of the incoming records. Post-processing is undertaken to identify primary mechanism of injury, substances consumed (including alcohol, illicit drugs and pharmaceutical preparations) and presence of psychiatric disorders. This system will ultimately leverage routinely collected data in combination with advanced artificial intelligence methods to support robust community-wide monitoring of self-harm. Once fully operational, this system will provide accurate and timely information on all presentations to participating emergency departments for self-harm, thereby providing a useful indicator for Australia’s suicide prevention efforts.
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Utama, Widya, and Rista Fitri Indriani. "Regional Physiographic Study for the Hydrology of Kali Lamong Watershed Area." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 936, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/936/1/012032.
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Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of physiography based on slope and land cover for water control in Kali Lamong watershed. The data used in this research are DEM data and Landsat 8 imagery data. The process of processing slope data is through conversion coordinates system, DEM clip, create slope, reclassify, dissolve shapefile, and slope classification analysis. Landsat 8 data processing goes through a process through conversion coordinates system, composite band, crop composite, extent shapefile, sharpen band, unsupervised classification, and land cover classification analysis. Slope classification maps and land cover classification maps are used for flow coefficient classification for physiographic analysis based on slope and land cover for water control in Kali Lamong watershed. On the land cover classification map, five land classifications were obtained, namely agriculture (158413000 m2), settlements (72701400 m2), industrial land (11571600 m2), plantations (46017800 m2), and waters (15268500 m2). On the slope classification map obtained 5 classifications, as flat with a slope of 0-8% (288469544 m2), as slope with a slope of 8-15% (7656738 m2), as rather steep with a slope of 15-25% (1905360 m2), as steep with a slope of 25-45 (526614 m2), and as very steep with a slope of more than 45% (32148 m2). From the combination of Landsat 8 image data and slope data, flow coefficient analysis was carried out. The flow coefficient is influenced by land cover and slope. From this research, the classification of low flow coefficient is less than 0.25, medium flow coefficient is 0.25-0.5, and high flow coefficient is more than 0.75. The average flow coefficient of Kali Lamong watershed is 0.49 with a moderate flow coefficient classification value. This shows that 49% of the runoff water is in Kali Lamong watershed. The higher the flow coefficient value, the water runs off the surface. So that it can be used as an initial study for the technical planning of Kali Lamong hydrology and the development, improvement, utilization, and control of water flow in Kali Lamong.
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Johansson, E., S. Berglund, T. Lindborg, J. Petrone, D. van As, L. G. Gustafsson, J. O. Näslund, and H. Laudon. "Hydrological and meteorological investigations in a periglacial lake catchment near Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland – presentation of a new multi-parameter data set." Earth System Science Data 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-93-2015.
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Abstract. Few hydrological studies have been conducted in Greenland, other than on glacial hydrology associated with the ice sheet. Understanding permafrost hydrology and hydroclimatic change and variability, however, provides key information for understanding climate change effects and feedbacks in the Arctic landscape. This paper presents a new, extensive, and detailed hydrological and meteorological open access data set, with high temporal resolution from a 1.56 km2 permafrost catchment, with a lake underlain by a through-talik close to the ice sheet in the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The paper describes the hydrological site investigations and utilized equipment, as well as the data collection and processing. The investigations were performed between 2010 and 2013. The high spatial resolution, within the investigated area, of the data set makes it highly suitable for various detailed hydrological and ecological studies on catchment scale. The data set is available for all users via the PANGAEA database, http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.836178.
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van Oorschot, R., D. de Waal, and L. Semple. "Options for beneficial reuse of biosolids in Victoria." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 8 (April 1, 2000): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0150.
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This paper presents a synopsis of current biosolids management in Victoria as well as an overview of some biosolids processing technologies. Indicative capital and annual costs to upgrade wastewater sludge management facilities at Victorian wastewater treatment plants to maximise safe beneficial reuse of biosolids and sludge products are provided. The data will be particularly useful for preliminary assessment and planning purposes of biosolids management strategies for government, non-metropolitan urban water authorities and regional waste management groups. Indicative cost curves are presented for various sludge treatment and biosolids reuse options applicable to treatment plant sizes between 2000 and 200,000 ep.
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Ottmann, E. J. E., and K. E. Vetter. "Computerized Water Monitoring and Data-Transmission System for Hydrology, Control, and Management." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0014.
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For many water affairs and objectives the following functions are often of great importance:–automatic and continuous measurement of parameter and control and regulation of variables–digital acquisition of data, processing, and storage of data in-situ–quick and safe teletransmission of data to a computing or service centre. Thanks to computer-aided data acquisition and automated stations, today these functions can be performed in a cost-effective way. Furthermore, it is possible to profit by the efficiency and availability of such systems for a variety of projects in the field of water management. The paper describes a modern microprocessor-controlled and modular system of CMOS-technology, developed in the Federal Republic of Germany and widely used by authorities and in industry. An outstanding feature of the system is its great flexibility in the range of data acquisition and data teletransmission with the following possibilities:–data collection system (data logger)–data transmission via fixed linesvia telephone linesvia radio. Several examples show the application with hydrographs and water quality measurements, for the technical surveillance of waters and installations, as well as for the control and management of dams in view of drinking-water supply or agricultural irrigation, respectively. By means of these facilities on the basis of the measuring results, and after examination and evaluation of the information, topical decisions can be made which are founded on relevant strategies or model calculations. The use of the robust equipment is not only recommended for water authorities in industrialized countries, but also in developing countries for integrated measurement and information systems.
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Malou, T., and J. Monnier. "Covariance kernels investigation from diffusive wave equations for data assimilation in hydrology." Inverse Problems 38, no. 4 (February 25, 2022): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac509d.
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Abstract In data assimilation (DA), the estimation of the background error covariance operator is a classical and still open topic. However, this operator is often modeled using empirical information. In order to exploit at best the potential of the knowledge of the physics, the present study proposes a method to derive covariance operators from the underlying equations. In addition, Green’s kernels can be used to model covariance operators and are naturally linked to them. Therefore, Green’s kernels of equations representing physics can provide physically-derived estimates of the background error covariance operator, and also physically-consistent parameters. In this context, the present covariance operators are used in a variational DA (VDA) process of altimetric data to infer bathymetry in the Saint-Venant equations. In order to investigate these new physically-derived covariance operators, the associated VDA results are compared to the VDA results using classical operators with physically-consistent and arbitrary parameters. The physically-derived operators and physically-consistent exponential operator provide better accuracy and faster convergence than empirical operators, especially during the first iterations of the VDA optimization process.
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Abdollahi, Banafsheh, Fakhereh Alidoost, Davood Moshir Panahi, Rolf Hut, and Nick van de Giesen. "ERA5 and ERA-Interim Data Processing for the GlobWat Global Hydrological Model." Water 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121950.
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The reproducibility of computational hydrology is gaining attention among hydrologists. Reproducibility requires open and reusable code and data, allowing users to verify results and process new datasets. The creation of input files for global hydrological models (GHMs) requires complex high-resolution gridded dataset processing, limiting the model’s reproducibility to groups with advanced programming skills. GlobWat is one of these GHMs, which was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess irrigation water use. Although the GlobWat code and sample input data are available, the methods for pre-processing model inputs are not available. Here, we present a set of open-source Python and YAML scripts within the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) that provide a formalized technique for developing and processing GlobWat model weather inputs. We demonstrate the use of these scripts with the ERA5 and ERA-Interim datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To demonstrate the advantage of using these scripts, we ran the GlobWat model for 30 years for the entire world. The focus of the evaluation was on the Urmia Lake Basin in Iran. The validation of the model against the observed discharge in this basin showed that the combination of ERA5 and the De Bruin reference evaporation method yields the best GlobWat performance. Moreover, the scripts allowed us to examine the causes behind the differences in model outcomes.
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Liakos, Leonidas, and Panos Panagos. "Challenges in the Geo-Processing of Big Soil Spatial Data." Land 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122287.
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This study addressed a critical resource—soil—through the prism of processing big data at the continental scale. Rapid progress in technology and remote sensing has majorly improved data processing on extensive spatial and temporal scales. Here, the manuscript presents the results of a systematic effort to geo-process and analyze soil-relevant data. In addition, the main highlights include the difficulties associated with using data infrastructures, managing big geospatial data, decentralizing operations through remote access, mass processing, and automating the data-processing workflow using advanced programming languages. Challenges to this study included the reproducibility of the results, their presentation in a communicative way, and the harmonization of complex heterogeneous data in space and time based on high standards of accuracy. Accuracy was especially important as the results needed to be identical at all spatial scales (from point counts to aggregated countrywide data). The geospatial modeling of soil requires analysis at multiple spatial scales, from the pixel level, through multiple territorial units (national or regional), and river catchments, to the global scale. Advanced mapping methods (e.g., zonal statistics, map algebra, choropleth maps, and proportional symbols) were used to convey comprehensive and substantial information that would be of use to policymakers. More specifically, a variety of cartographic practices were employed, including vector and raster visualization and hexagon grid maps at the global or European scale and in several cartographic projections. The information was rendered in both grid format and as aggregated statistics per polygon (zonal statistics), combined with diagrams and an advanced graphical interface. The uncertainty was estimated and the results were validated in order to present the outputs in the most robust way. The study was also interdisciplinary in nature, requiring large-scale datasets to be integrated from different scientific domains, such as soil science, geography, hydrology, chemistry, climate change, and agriculture.
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Výleta, Roman, and Peter Valent. "ADCP Discharge Measurements on the River Danube: Post-Processing and Correction of Data." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2019-0002.
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Abstract Accurate measurements and analyses of river discharges are one of the key tasks of hydrology. Nowadays, the traditional methods of discharge measurements are being supplemented or even replaced by novel approaches that utilize state-of-the-art technologies. One approach, which has recently become very popular in the hydrological practice both in Slovakia and abroad, is a method utilizing the Doppler effect of sound waves. In this study, a dataset of 185 discharge measurements on the River Danube was created using a RiverRay portable Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). All the measurements were taken on the River Danube at four different cross-sections in Slovakia. The measurements were processed using the manufacturer’s WinRiver II software and further adjusted in Agila, which is a specialised third-party post-processing software aimed at correcting measurement errors from ADCP discharge measurements. Currently, some but not all countries lying in the Danube basin have included Agila post-processing in their methodologies. This causes problems and disputes between national water authorities when exchanging information about discharge measurements in the border regions. In order to respond to this problem, the main objective of this study was to compare the results of both original and corrected discharges, which were measured under a number of different circumstances, and to propose recommendations about the suitability of using Agila post-processing for discharge measurements of the River Danube.
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Fan, Dong Li, Xi Min Cui, De Bao Yuan, Ya Hui Qiu, Kun Wang, and Xi Xi Jia. "Based on GIS and MATLAB Technology Forecast the Dynamic Variation of the Groundwater in Minqin Oasis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.1327.
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This paper carried out interpolation processing to the groundwater hydrology data of Minqin oasis from 2000 to 2009, via ArcGIS software. Analyzed the result, it was concluded that the distribution rule about spatio-temporal distribution and change of the groundwater depth and mineralization. Using MATLAB the program language, the grey forecasting model was well fitted compared to the time series forecasting model. For the next five years, the groundwater depth and mineralization changes were forecasted, and the author put forward some concrete proposals.
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Capra, Alessandro, Francesco Mancini, and Monia Negusini. "GPS as a geodetic tool for geodynamics in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000156.
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The VLNDEF (Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control) project started in 1999 with the aim of detecting crustal deformation in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) over an area that had never been surveyed by a dense GPS network before. After a brief summary of the Italian geodetic activities carried out since 1991, the paper presents the results obtained from the processing of data collected from 1999 to 2003. In particular, processing strategies were dealt with, in order to produce horizontal and vertical displacement maps through GPS observations. Absolute motions in a global reference frame have been investigated using a double approach, which allowed us to make considerable progress in detecting movements and standardizing the data analysis. The analyses provide absolute horizontal velocities ranging between 17 mm yr−1 and 8 mm yr−1, with greater motions in the northernmost area. The subtraction of the rigid plate motion provides relative displacements, which may contribute to the understanding of neotectonics and geology, whereas the pattern of the vertical crustal motions detected, with average values of +1.3 mm yr−1, is essential to detect the effect of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) and other geophysical signals, and to redefine theory and numerical models used without any direct measurements.
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Bessin, Zoé, Jean-Pierre Dedieu, Yves Arnaud, Patrick Wagnon, Fanny Brun, Michel Esteves, Baker Perry, and Tom Matthews. "Processing of VENµS Images of High Mountains: A Case Study for Cryospheric and Hydro-Climatic Applications in the Everest Region (Nepal)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051098.
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In the Central Himalayas, glaciers and snowmelt play an important hydrological role, as they ensure the availability of surface water outside the monsoon period. To compensate for the lack of field measurements in glaciology and hydrology, high temporal and spatial resolution optical remotely sensed data are necessary. The French–Israeli VENµS Earth observation mission has been able to complement field measurements since 2017. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of different reflectance products over the Everest region for constraining the energy balance of glaciers and for cloud and snow cover mapping applied to hydrology. Firstly, the results indicate that a complete radiometric correction of slope effects such as the Gamma one (direct and diffuse illumination) provides better temporal and statistical metrics (R2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 0.11) versus ground albedo datasets than a single cosine correction, even processed under a fine-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Secondly, a mixed spectral-textural approach on the VENµS images strongly improves the cloud mapping by 15% compared with a spectral mask thresholding process. These findings will improve the accuracy of snow cover mapping over the watershed areas downstream of the Everest region.
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Iwanaga, Takuya, Fateme Zare, Barry Croke, Baihua Fu, Wendy Merritt, Daniel Partington, Jenifer Ticehurst, and Anthony Jakeman. "Development of an integrated model for the Campaspe catchment: a tool to help improve understanding of the interaction between society, policy, farming decision, ecology, hydrology and climate." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (June 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-1-2018.
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Abstract. Management of water resources requires understanding of the hydrology and hydrogeology, as well as the policy and human drivers and their impacts. This understanding requires relevant inputs from a wide range of disciplines, which will vary depending on the specific case study. One approach to gain understanding of the impact of climate and society on water resources is through the use of an integrated modelling process that engages stakeholders and experts in specifics of problem framing, co-design of the underpinning conceptual model, and discussion of the ensuing results. In this study, we have developed such an integrated modelling process for the Campaspe basin in northern Victoria, Australia. The numerical model built has a number of components: Node/link based surface water hydrology module based on the IHACRES rainfall-streamflow model Distributed groundwater model for the lower catchment (MODFLOW) Farm decision optimisation module (to determine irrigation requirements) Policy module (setting conditions on availability of water based on existing rules) Ecology module (determining the impacts of available streamflow on platypus, fish and river red gum trees) The integrated model is component based and has been developed in Python, with the MODFLOW and surface water hydrology model run in external programs, controlled by the master program (in Python). The integrated model has been calibrated using historical data, with the intention of exploring the impact of various scenarios (future climate scenarios, different policy options, water management options) on the water resources. The scenarios were selected based on workshops with, and a social survey of, stakeholders in the basin regarding what would be socially acceptable and physically plausible options for changes in management. An example of such a change is the introduction of a managed aquifer recharge system to capture dam overflows, and store at least a portion of this in the aquifer, thereby increasing the groundwater resource as well as reducing the impact of existing pumping levels.
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Zlinszky, A., and G. Timár. "Historic maps as a data source for socio-hydrology: a case study of the Lake Balaton wetland system, Hungary." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 20, 2013): 4589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4589-2013.
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Abstract. Socio-hydrology is the science of human influence on hydrology and the influence of the water cycle on human social systems. This newly emerging discipline inherently involves a historic perspective, often focusing on timescales of several centuries. While data on human history is typically available for this time frame, gathering information on the hydrological situation during such a period can prove difficult: measured hydrological data for such long periods are rare, while models and secondary data sets from geomorphology, pedology or archaeology are typically not accurate enough over such a short time. In the first part of this study, the use of historic maps in hydrology is reviewed. Major breakthroughs were the acceptance of historic map content as valid data, the use of preserved features for investigating situations earlier than the map, and the onset of digital georeferencing and data integration. Historic maps can be primary quantitative sources of hydro-geomorphological information, they can provide a context for point-based measurements over larger areas, and they can deliver time series for a better understanding of change scenarios. In the second part, a case study is presented: water level fluctuations of Lake Balaton were reconstructed from maps, levelling logs and other documents. An 18th century map system of the whole 5700 km2 catchment was georeferenced, integrated with two 19th century map systems, and wetlands, forests and open water digitized. Changes in wetland area were compared with lake water level changes in a 220 yr time series. Historic maps show that the water level of the lake was closer to present-day levels than expected, and that wetland loss pre-dates drainage of the lake. The present and future role of historic maps is discussed. Historic hydrological data has to be treated with caution: while it is possible to learn form the past, the assumption that future changes will be like past changes does not always hold. Nevertheless, old maps are relatively accessible data sets and the knowledge base for using them is rapidly growing, and it can be expected that long-term time series will be established by integrating georeferenced map systems over large areas. In the Appendix, a step-by-step guide to using historic maps in hydrology is given, starting from finding a map, through georeferencing and processing the map to publication of the results.
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Almagro, André, Paulo Tarso S. Oliveira, Antônio Alves Meira Neto, Tirthankar Roy, and Peter Troch. "CABra: a novel large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 3105–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3105-2021.
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Abstract. In this paper, we present the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra), which is a large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments that includes long-term data (30 years) for 735 catchments in eight main catchment attribute classes (climate, streamflow, groundwater, geology, soil, topography, land cover, and hydrologic disturbance). We have collected and synthesized data from multiple sources (ground stations, remote sensing, and gridded datasets). To prepare the dataset, we delineated all the catchments using the Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain Digital Elevation Model (MERIT DEM) and the coordinates of the streamflow stations provided by the Brazilian Water Agency, where only the stations with 30 years (1980–2010) of data and less than 10 % of missing records were included. Catchment areas range from 9 to 4 800 000 km2, and the mean daily streamflow varies from 0.02 to 9 mm d−1. Several signatures and indices were calculated based on the climate and streamflow data. Additionally, our dataset includes boundary shapefiles, geographic coordinates, and drainage area for each catchment, aside from more than 100 attributes within the attribute classes. The collection and processing methods are discussed, along with the limitations for each of our multiple data sources. CABra intends to improve the hydrology-related data collection in Brazil and pave the way for a better understanding of different hydrologic drivers related to climate, landscape, and hydrology, which is particularly important in Brazil, having continental-scale river basins and widely heterogeneous landscape characteristics. In addition to benefitting catchment hydrology investigations, CABra will expand the exploration of novel hydrologic hypotheses and thereby advance our understanding of Brazilian catchments' behavior. The dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4070146 and https://thecabradataset.shinyapps.io/CABra/ (last access: 7 June 2021).
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Johansson, E., S. Berglund, T. Lindborg, J. Petrone, D. van As, L. G. Gustafsson, J. O. Näslund, and H. Laudon. "Hydrological and meteorological investigations in a periglacial lake catchment near Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland – presentation of a new multi-parameter dataset." Earth System Science Data Discussions 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2014): 713–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-7-713-2014.
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Abstract. Few hydrological studies have been made in Greenland, other than on glacial hydrology associated with the ice sheet. Understanding permafrost hydrology and hydroclimatic change and variability, however, provides key information for understanding climate change effects and feedbacks in the Arctic landscape. This paper presents a new extensive and detailed hydrological and meteorological open access dataset, with high temporal resolution from a 1.56 km2 permafrost catchment with a lake underlain by a through talik close to the ice sheet in the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The paper describes the hydrological site investigations and utilized equipment, as well as the data collection and processing. The investigations were performed between 2010 and 2013. The high spatial resolution, within the investigated area, of the dataset makes it highly suitable for various detailed hydrological and ecological studies on catchment scale. The dataset is availble for all users via the PANGAEA database, http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.836178. Please note this dataset is under review and recommended not to be used before the final version of the manuscript is accepted for publication.
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Geissler, Paul E. "Seismic reflection profiling for groundwater studies in Victoria, Australia." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 1 (January 1989): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442574.
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Experimental seismic reflection profiling was employed for groundwater studies in southeastern Australia. Equipment consisted of a simple engineering seismograph and tape recorder, and data reduction was carried out on a minicomputer using a graphics‐based processing system specifically written for the project. The investigation area is the site of a proposed induced groundwater recharge scheme in which surface water would be diverted to infiltrate aquifers outcropping several kilometers from a bore field which supplies up to half of the drinking water for the city of Geelong. The unconsolidated Tertiary aquifers of the region are known to be interrupted in places by steep normal and reverse faults. Since similar faulting had been inferred along the proposed recharge avenue, the objective of the seismic study was to verify, if possible, the assumption of aquifer continuity along the survey line. The reflection results reveal monoclinal folding in the upper unconsolidated sediments produced by recent movement on bedrock faults. The seismic study confirms that the aquifers are continuous between the proposed recharge and extraction areas despite structural complexity along the recharge avenue.
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Abdul Kareem, Baydaa, Salah L. Zubaidi, Hussein Mohammed Ridha, Nadhir Al-Ansari, and Nabeel Saleem Saad Al-Bdairi. "Applicability of ANN Model and CPSOCGSA Algorithm for Multi-Time Step Ahead River Streamflow Forecasting." Hydrology 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9100171.
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Accurate streamflow prediction is significant when developing water resource management and planning, forecasting floods, and mitigating flood damage. This research developed a novel methodology that involves data pre-processing and an artificial neural network (ANN) optimised with the coefficient-based particle swarm optimisation and chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CPSOCGSA-ANN) to forecast the monthly water streamflow. The monthly streamflow data of the Tigris River at Amarah City, Iraq, from 2010 to 2020, were used to build and evaluate the suggested methodology. The performance of CPSOCGSA was compared with the slim mold algorithm (SMA) and marine predator algorithm (MPA). The principal findings of this research are that data pre-processing effectively improves the data quality and determines the optimum predictor scenario. The hybrid CPSOCGSA-ANN outperformed both the SMA-ANN and MPA-ANN algorithms. The suggested methodology offered accurate results with a coefficient of determination of 0.91, and 100% of the data were scattered between the agreement limits of the Bland–Altman diagram. The research results represent a further step toward developing hybrid models in hydrology applications.
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Cisty, Milan, and Lubomir Celar. "Using R in Water Resources Education." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss10.451.
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This review paper will deal with the possibilities of applying the R programming language in water resources and hydrologic applications in education and research. The objective of this paper is to present some features and packages that make R a powerful environment for analysing data from the hydrology and water resources management fields, hydrological modelling, the post processing of the results of such modelling, and other task. R is maintained by statistical programmers with the support of an increasing community of users from many different backgrounds, including hydrologists, which allows access to both well established and experimental techniques in various areas.
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Kuczynska-Siehien, Joanna, Dimitrios Piretzidis, Michael G. Sideris, Tomasz Olszak, and Viktor Szabó. "Monitoring of extreme land hydrology events in central Poland using GRACE, land surface models and absolute gravity data." Journal of Applied Geodesy 13, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2019-0003.
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Abstract This study deals with the analysis of temporal gravity variations in central Poland, deduced from multiple sources and covering the period from 2002–2016. The gravity data sets used comprise GRACE monthly solutions, GLDAS land surface models and absolute gravimeter measurements from the FG-5 gravimeter located in Józefosław, Poland. All data are corrected using standard processing methods in order to include the same gravity effects. After removing the annual and semi-annual components from all data using least-squares spectral analysis and seasonal-trend decomposition, the deseasoned time series are derived and examined for signatures of extreme hydrological events. The signatures of several severe drought and flood conditions affecting Poland and central Europe are identified. A complementary correlation analysis is performed to assess the level of agreement between different data sources. A higher correlation is shown when the analysis is restricted in the 2009–2012 period that includes the 2010 extreme flood and 2011 increased precipitation events, both affecting Poland.
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Teng, Tse-Yu, Tzu-Ming Liu, Yu-Shiang Tung, and Ke-Sheng Cheng. "Converting Climate Change Gridded Daily Rainfall to Station Daily Rainfall—A Case Study at Zengwen Reservoir." Water 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111516.
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With improvements in data quality and technology, the statistical downscaling data of General Circulation Models (GCMs) for climate change impact assessment have been refined from monthly data to daily data, which has greatly promoted the data application level. However, there are differences between GCM downscaling daily data and rainfall station data. If GCM data are directly used for hydrology and water resources assessment, the differences in total amount and rainfall intensity will be revealed and may affect the estimates of the total amount of water resources and water supply capacity. This research proposes a two-stage bias correction method for GCM data and establishes a mechanism for converting grid data to station data. Five GCMs were selected from 33 GCMs, which were ranked by rainfall simulation performance from a baseline period in Taiwan. The watershed of the Zengwen Reservoir in southern Taiwan was selected as the study area for comparison of the three different bias correction methods. The results reveal that the method with the wet-day threshold optimized by objective function with observation rainfall wet days had the best result. Error was greatly reduced in the hydrology model simulation with two-stage bias correction. The results show that the two-stage bias correction method proposed in this study can be used as an advanced method of data pre-processing in climate change impact assessment, which could improve the quality and broaden the extent of GCM daily data. Additionally, GCM ranking can be used by researchers in climate change assessment to understand the suitability of each GCM in Taiwan.
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Tang, Lin, Jian Zhang, Micheal Simpson, Ami Arthur, Heather Grams, Yadong Wang, and Carrie Langston. "Updates on the Radar Data Quality Control in the MRMS Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0165.1.
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AbstractThe Multi-Radar-Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system was transitioned into operations at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction in the fall of 2014. It provides high-quality and high-resolution severe weather and precipitation products for meteorology, hydrology, and aviation applications. Among processing modules, the radar data quality control (QC) plays a critical role in effectively identifying and removing various nonhydrometeor radar echoes for accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). Since its initial implementation in 2014, the radar QC has undergone continuous refinements and enhancements to ensure its robust performance across seasons and all regions in the continental United States and southern Canada. These updates include 1) improved melting-layer delineation, 2) clearance of wind farm contamination, 3) mitigation of corrupt data impacts due to hardware issues, 4) mitigation of sun spikes, and 5) mitigation of residual ground/lake/sea clutter due to sidelobe effects and anomalous propagation. This paper provides an overview of the MRMS radar data QC enhancements since 2014.
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Odhone, Albert Ogoma, Ishmail Mahiri, and Francis Onsongo. "Assessing Gender Roles in Dagaa Fishery Value Chain among Fishing Communities on Lake Victoria, A Case Study of Lake Victoria Beaches In Siaya County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 4, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v4i2.124.
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Fisheries in the East Africa region have suffered due to less emphasis given to some fishery specifically Dagaa (Rastrineobolaargentea), whose quantity is the highest of all the species in the Lake Victoria. Despite the importance of this resource in Kenya, there has been a concern of gender parity and inequality in terms of roles played by both gender in harvesting, processing, trading and marketing in the Dagaa fishery. This study analyzed gender roles in Dagaa Fishery Value Chain among fishing communities around Lake Victoria in Bondo Sub County, in Siaya County, Kenya. The study addressed the following objectives: Identified the various roles of men and women in Dagaa Fishery Value Chain, discussed factors influencing gender roles in Dagaa Fishery Value Chain, analyzed the barriers to women’s participation in certain Dagaa Fishery Value Chain and examined the strategies to overcome challenges in gender roles in Dagaa fishery value chain in Bondo Sub-County, Siaya County. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. This study was guided by two models; gender analysis framework model that was developed by Sarah Longwe and supply chain model. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Bondo Sub-County and fishing community in Bondo Sub-County; random sampling technique was used to select five (5) fish landing sites/beaches where quantitative data were collected from 186 out of the targeted 188 primary respondents, from among the forty-four beaches of Lake Victoria in Bondo Sub-County. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS Version 25, and descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used in presenting analyzed data. The results were presented using tables and charts. The study findings revealed that majority of the boats and fishing gears were owned by men, motorized boats belonged to men while a higher percentage of females still had the paddled boats. While men dominated the fishing of Dagaa, women dominated processing and trading of Dagaa in the beaches. The study noted that men made higher returns than their female counterparts at all levels of Dagaa fishery value chain. The study concluded that there is a still wide disparity among gender roles in Dagaa fishery value chain. Most of the activities in the value chain are still dominated by men. This study recommends that women be encouraged to take part in Dagaa fishery value chains, empowerment of women to take part in transportation and distribution of Dagaa and application of various strategies such as joining SACCOs to access loans at low interest rates, formation of groups for ease of access to credit services and weakening patriarchy to mitigate factors affecting Gender roles in Dagaa fishery value chains.
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Pettifer, G., A. Tabassi, and B. Simons. "A NEW LOOK AT THE STRUCTURAL TRENDS IN THE ONSHORE OTWAY BASIN, VICTORIA, USING IMAGE PROCESSING OF GEOPHYSICAL DATA." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90016.
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Although the Otway Basin is oriented west-north-westerly, and previously recognised major structural elements follow a similar trend, other structural trends have been found on recently obtained geophysical data.In 1989, an aeromagnetic and radiometric survey of the onshore Otway Basin was completed for the Victorian Department of Industry and the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. This survey, together with a recent gravity compilation by the Geological Survey of Victoria, enables analysis of magnetic and gravity data trends reflecting basement and intra-basin structure.The trend analysis was carried out using modern image processing techniques including simulation of real-time sun-angles of the magnetic and gravity data, and composite images of the radiometric data, to highlight lineaments. This technology enables integration of magnetic, gravity, radiometric and, potentially, seismic, Landsat, topography and bathymetry data for basin structure analysis.The magnetic, gravity and radiometric trend analysis was compared to an earlier Landsat study (Baker, 1980) and a previous seismic data compilation of the Otway Basin (Megallaa, 1986).The present study has revealed the significance of major early Palaeozoic north-south and east-north-east to easterly trends. The latter trends have not previously been identified or discussed in earlier basin reviews. There appears to be a difference between trends reflected in the radiometric and seismic data and trends apparent in the gravity and magnetic data. This could indicate a change in principal stress directions during the evolution of the basin. The shape of the northern margin of the basin appears to be controlled by major north-easterly structures.
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Mesibov, Robert. "An audit of some processing effects in aggregated occurrence records." ZooKeys 751 (April 20, 2018): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.751.24791.
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A total of ca 800,000 occurrence records from the Australian Museum (AM), Museums Victoria (MV) and the New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC) were audited for changes in selected Darwin Core fields after processing by the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA; for AM and MV records) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; for AM, MV and NZAC records). Formal taxon names in the genus- and species-groups were changed in 13–21% of AM and MV records, depending on dataset and aggregator. There was little agreement between the two aggregators on processed names, with names changed in two to three times as many records by one aggregator alone compared to records with names changed by both aggregators. The type status of specimen records did not change with name changes, resulting in confusion as to the name with which a type was associated. Data losses of up to 100% were found after processing in some fields, apparently due to programming errors. The taxonomic usefulness of occurrence records could be improved if aggregators included both original and the processed taxonomic data items for each record. It is recommended that end-users check original and processed records for data loss and name replacements after processing by aggregators.
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Mengis, Nadine, David P. Keller, Andrew H. MacDougall, Michael Eby, Nesha Wright, Katrin J. Meissner, Andreas Oschlies, et al. "Evaluation of the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model version 2.10 (UVic ESCM 2.10)." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 4183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4183-2020.
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Abstract. The University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM) of intermediate complexity has been a useful tool in recent assessments of long-term climate changes, including both paleo-climate modelling and uncertainty assessments of future warming. Since the last official release of the UVic ESCM 2.9 and the two official updates during the last decade, considerable model development has taken place among multiple research groups. The new version 2.10 of the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model presented here will be part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). More precisely it will be used in the intercomparison of Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMIC), such as the C4MIP, the Carbon Dioxide Removal and Zero Emissions Commitment model intercomparison projects (CDR-MIP and ZECMIP, respectively). It now brings together and combines multiple model developments and new components that have come about since the last official release of the model. The main additions to the base model are (i) an improved biogeochemistry module for the ocean, (ii) a vertically resolved soil model including dynamic hydrology and soil carbon processes, and (iii) a representation of permafrost carbon. To set the foundation of its use, we here describe the UVic ESCM 2.10 and evaluate results from transient historical simulations against observational data. We find that the UVic ESCM 2.10 is capable of reproducing changes in historical temperature and carbon fluxes well. The spatial distribution of many ocean tracers, including temperature, salinity, phosphate and nitrate, also agree well with observed tracer profiles. The good performance in the ocean tracers is connected to an improved representation of ocean physical properties. For the moment, the main biases that remain are a vegetation carbon density that is too high in the tropics, a higher than observed change in the ocean heat content (OHC) and an oxygen utilization in the Southern Ocean that is too low. All of these biases will be addressed in the next updates to the model.
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Loc, Duong Hoang. "Understanding the hydrologyand weather knowledge of the fishermen in the Southwest coastal area: A case study of An Thuy commune (Ba Tri district, Ben Tre province) and Song Doc town (Tran Van Thoi district, Ca Mau province)." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 4 (October 18, 2020): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.580.
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This paper aims to provide an indigenous knowledge system on the weather and hydrology system of the fishermen in the Southwest coastal area which is based on the research data in two specific communities: An Thuy commune (Ba Tri district, Ben Tre province) and Song Doc town (Tran Van Thoi district, Ca Mau province). The research results show that this knowledge is rich, diverse, and has been accumulated by the community for generations, especially to enable them to forecast the weather to preserve assets and lives during fish processing activities. The knowledge of the community related to weather and hydrology includes the insight of monsoon, water and storms. Offshore fishermen mastering each of this knowledge items can predict the weather to avoid the risks of sudden storms by choosing an optimal or preventive plan. This study is based on the data collected from qualitative research methods, including ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews with experienced fishermen together with field notes in two areas of An Thuy commune, and Song Doc town. Besides, the paper recommends a proper proposal to preserve this knowledge in current conditions. The research results of this paper have shown the differences in local knowledge of those communities due to the weather and hydrological characteristics of the two Southeast and Southwest regions of the East Sea.
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Dolejš, Martin, and Michal Forejt. "Franziscean Cadastre in Landscape Structure Research: A Systematic Review." Quaestiones Geographicae 38, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2019-0013.
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Abstract Historical and archival sources are of cardinal importance in landscape research addressing the processes and course of landscape changes in European regions. The Franziscean cadastre from the 19th century is among the most widely used historical sources in Central Europe. We identified 1440 records, finally providing 104 articles reporting the use of the Franziscean cadastre for in-depth analyses in order to identify (i) the practice of the cadastral data processing, (ii) purpose and spatial extent of the study, (iii) use of complementary sources and (iv) particular land use/land cover classes under study. We have found the increasing attention towards the Franziscean cadastre as a source for landscape research reflected by the doubling number of records in the past decade with majority of the case studies located in Czechia (79), followed by Austria (9) and Italy (3). We have identified the trends in the use in landscape trajectory research and application to hydrology, agriculture and forestry. As regards the data processing, several issues connected with the methodology or design of the records were found (e.g. geographic information system processing description and data source specification). We further problematize the suitability of the supplementary data used and conclude our review with a set of recommendations to contribute to the discussion on the methodology of landscape reconstruction with historical datasets.
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Gibbeson, J. M. "PETROLEUM PROCESSING PLANTS—TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02048.
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On behalf of itself and BHP-B, Esso operates offshore production platforms in Bass Strait, a crude stabilisation and gas processing plant at Longford and a LPG fractionation plant at Long Island Point, Victoria. The Technical Surveillance Program for these facilities is implemented at both the Operator and Engineering levels. The program has been enhanced by building on existing DCS process control and process information (PI) systems and through development of a more structured engineering monitoring system. The enhanced program continues to register tangible benefits in integrity, product quality, recovery, efficiency and reliability and capacity.At the operator level, the process is monitored continuously, assisted by process alarms to maintain the plant within the normal desirable operating zone. Safe operating limits define the outside boundary of the safe operating envelope which is secured with shutdown and other automatic protective devices. Alarm and limit conditions associated with these parameters have been incorporated into the DCS control system with pre-defined operator responses appearing automatically on the screen if the condition is reached.At the engineering level, the surveillance program is a systematic periodic monitoring process focussing on optimum performance and continuous improvement. It is structured using the elements of a management system. Within this framework, engineering spreadsheets have been developed with direct links to process data via process information system software. The spreadsheets assist plant engineers to efficiently monitor the key performance variables; they also pre-define the acceptable operating range, calculate statistical performance, highlight deviations and hyperlink back to the PI system for more detailed troubleshooting. Day-today deviations and performance improvements are fed back and reviewed at the working level, more significant issues are formally investigated and reviewed with management. Key data and overall performance is summarised monthly, and formally reviewed by plant and engineering management.
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Zlinszky, A., and G. Timár. "Historic maps as a data source for socio-hydrology: a case study of the Lake Balaton wetland system, Hungary." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2013): 7733–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-7733-2013.
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Abstract. Socio-hydrology is the science of human influence on the water cycle and the influence of the water cycle on human social systems. This newly emerging discipline inherently involves a historic perspective, often focusing on time scales of several centuries. While data on human history is typically available for this time frame, gathering information on the hydrological situation during such a period can prove difficult: measured hydrological data for such long periods are rare, while models and secondary datasets from geomorphology, pedology or archaeology are typically not accurate enough over such a short period. In the first part of this study, the use of historic maps in hydrology is reviewed. Major breakthroughs were the acceptance of historic map content as valid data, the use of preserved features for investigating situations earlier than the map, and the onset of digital georeferencing and data integration. Historic maps can be primary quantitative sources of hydro-geomorphological information, they can provide a context for point-based measurements over larger areas, and they can deliver time series for a better understanding of change scenarios. In the second part, a case study is presented: Water level fluctuations of Lake Balaton were reconstructed from maps, levelling logs and other documents. An 18th century map system of the whole 5700 km2 catchment was georeferenced, integrated with two 19th century map systems and wetlands, forests and open water digitized. Changes in wetland area were compared with lake water level changes in a 220 yr time series. Historic maps show that the water level of the lake was closer to present-day levels than expected, and that wetland loss pre-dates drainage of the lake. The present and future role of historic maps is discussed. Historic hydrological data has to be treated with caution: while it is possible to learn from the past, the assumption that future changes will be like past changes does not always hold. Nevertheless, old maps are relatively accessible datasets and the knowledge base for using them is rapidly growing, and it can be expected that long-term time series will be established by integrating georeferenced map systems over large areas. In the Appendix, a step-by-step guide to using historic maps in hydrology is given, starting from finding a map, through georeferencing and processing the map to publication of the results.
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Mihailov, Grigor, Kristio Daskalov, and Nikolay Lissev. "The impact of runoff and sediment transport from the Provadiyska and Devnenska rivers on the Beloslav lake." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0188.
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The most essential results of processing and analyses of regular and field study data for the hydrophysical and hydrochemical characteristics of the Provadiyska river, the “Padina” canal flowing into it, the Devnenska river, the settling basin and the western part of the Beloslav lake, carried out by a group of scientists from UACEG at the end of 1994 are presented. Based on the available data from the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, the general hydrological characteristics of the Provadiyska and Devnenska rivers are determined. The ratio between natural sediments and industrial/chemical ones entering into the settling basin and Canal 2 is estimated. Physical and chemical parameters as well as the quantities of the bottom sediments in the settling basin and in the Beloslav lake are determined.
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Polukoshko, Svetlana, and Janis Hofmanis. "USE OF “CATERPILLAR” – SSA METHOD FOR ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 3, 2015): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol2.1030.
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This paper deals with the Caterpillar»-SSA method, a novel and powerful model-free method of time series analysis and forecasting. Alongside with signal processing this method is successfully used to study the time series in many various areas: in meteorology, hydrology, sociology, economics, traffic analysis, wherever the trend or periodic behavior can present. Examples of application of the Caterpillar”-SSA technique for analysis of one-dimensional time series in Latvian economics are presented in this work. We solve the task of analysis and forecasting of following time series: agricultural crop yield, milk production and purchase, number of road traffic accidents and number of registered road vehicles, electricity consumption. The application of Caterpillar»-SSA approach in geotechnical investigation for processing of data of the static penetration test of soils are offered. This method combines the advantage of many other methods, in particular, Fourier analysis and regressive analysis. At the same time it is noted for simplicity and clearness.
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Bozzo, E., F. Ferraccioli, M. Gambetta, G. Caneva, M. Spano, M. Chiappini, and D. Damaske. "Recent progress in magnetic anomaly mapping over Victoria Land (Antarctica) and the GITARA 5 survey." Antarctic Science 11, no. 2 (June 1999): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000279.
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Magnetic anomaly mapping is used to interpret crustal structure and tectonic evolution of Victoria Land and of the adjacent Ross Sea. Previous interpretation of magnetic anomalies verified seismic and gravimetric findings in the Ross Sea by placing additional constraints both on crustal structure and magmatism of the West Antarctic rift system. An aeromagnetic map of the central-southern part of Victoria Land produced in the framework of the GITARA project, provides new crustal images of part of the Transantarctic Mountains rift shoulder. The map was interpreted to study the transition between the Wilson Terrane and the Precambrian East Antarctic Craton, the extent and distribution of Jurassic tholeiitic magmatism, and the occurrence of post- Jurassic faulting oblique to the rift basins. A compilation with adjacent aeromagnetic data was recently used to study the structures inherited from the Palaeozoic terranes and their reactivation as major fault zones separating different crustal blocks along the TAM rift shoulder. Additional aeromagnetic coverage over a 35 500 km2 sector of northern Victoria Land was acquired during the GITARA 5 (1996/97) survey. The flight altitude was 9000 ft and profile line spacing was 4.4 km for the regional grid and 2.2 km for the detailed one, with a tie line interval of 22 km. Standard processing techniques, optimized with microlevelling procedures were applied to the data to produce a 1:250 000 magnetic anomaly map. The processed GITARA 5 magnetic dataset is a new tool to study the structure of the Rennick Graben, and its relationship to the Palaeozoic Wilson Terrane-Bowers Terrane and Robertson Bay Terrane suture zone. The new map also represents important progress towards a magnetic anomaly compilation over the whole of Victoria Land, since it links previous efforts near the Pacific Coast with those near the Ross Sea.
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Kazakov, Eduard, Sergey Zhuravlev, Lyubov Kurochkina, and Georgy Ayzel. "Web GIS for analysis of the past and future of the climate and hydrological conditions in the North-West of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016305005.
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This paper discusses the development of a specialized web GIS (geoportal) dedicated to the analysis of changes in climate conditions and hydrological regime in the North-West of Russia. One of the main goals of geoportal is to provide a tool to answer simple questions about climate for wide range of users. For example, how has the climate and hydrology changed in a particular city over the past 70 years? What will it be like in 50 years? The main functionality, data and creation technologies are presented. Geoportal offers the tools that allow interactive processing of daily data time series on minimum, average, maximum air temperatures, precipitation and surface runoff, represented by both reanalysis data from 1950 and predictive data up to 2100. Information about actual observations at weather stations and hydrological posts is also available. Access to the geoportal is provided through the user’s web GIS interface and through the HTTP interface for developers, which opens up opportunities for integrating data into third-party services.
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Müller, Vitali, Markus Hauk, Malte Misfeldt, Laura Müller, Henry Wegener, Yihao Yan, and Gerhard Heinzel. "Comparing GRACE-FO KBR and LRI Ranging Data with Focus on Carrier Frequency Variations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 4335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174335.
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The GRACE Follow-On satellite mission measures distance variations between its two satellites in order to derive monthly gravity field maps, indicating mass variability on Earth on a scale of a few 100 km originating from hydrology, seismology, climatology and other sources. This mission hosts two ranging instruments, a conventional microwave system based on K(a)-band ranging (KBR) and a novel laser ranging instrument (LRI), both relying on interferometric phase readout. In this paper, we show how the phase measurements can be converted into range data using a time-dependent carrier frequency (or wavelength) that takes into account potential intraday variability in the microwave or laser frequency. Moreover, we analyze the KBR-LRI residuals and discuss which error and noise contributors limit the residuals at high and low Fourier frequencies. It turns out that the agreement between KBR and LRI biased range observations can be slightly improved by considering intraday carrier frequency variations in the processing. Although the effect is probably small enough to have little relevance for gravity field determination at the current precision level, this analysis is of relevance for detailed instrument characterization and potentially for future more precise missions.