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1
Paquette, Michel, Daniel Fortier, and Warwick F. Vincent. "Water tracks in the High Arctic: a hydrological network dominated by rapid subsurface flow through patterned ground." Arctic Science 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 334–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0014.
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Water tracks play a major role in the headwater basin hydrology of permafrost landscapes in Alaska and Antarctica, but less is known about these features in the High Arctic. We examined the physical and hydrological properties of water tracks on Ward Hunt Island, a polar desert site in the Canadian High Arctic, to evaluate their formation process and to compare with water tracks reported elsewhere. These High Arctic water tracks flowed through soils that possessed higher near-surface organic carbon concentrations, higher water content, and coarser material than the surrounding soils. The water track morphology suggested they were initiated by a combination of sorting, differential frost heaving, and eluviation. The resultant network of soil conduits, comparable to soil pipes, dominated the hydrology of the slope. The flow of cold water through these conduits slowed down the progression of the thawing front during summer, making the active layer consistently shallower relative to adjacent soils. Water tracks on Ward Hunt Island, and in polar desert catchments with these features elsewhere in the High Arctic, strongly influence slope hydrology and active-layer properties while also affecting vegetation distribution and the quality of runoff to the downstream lake.
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Lavado-Casimiro, W. S., O. Felipe, E. Silvestre, and L. Bourrel. "ENSO impact on hydrology in Peru." Advances in Geosciences 33 (April 2, 2013): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-33-33-2013.
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Abstract. The El Niño and La Niña impacts on the hydrology of Peru were assessed based on discharge data (1968–2006) of 20 river catchments distributed over three drainage regions in Peru: 14 in the Pacific Coast (PC), 3 in the Lake Titicaca (TL) region, and 3 in the Amazonas (AM). To classify the El Niño and La Niña events, we used the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) based on hydrological years (September to August). Using the SOI values, the events were re-classified as strong El Niño (SEN), moderate El Niño (MEN), normal years (N), moderate La Niña (MLN) and strong La Niña (SLN). On average during the SEN years, sharp increases occurred in the discharges in the north central area of the PC and decreases in the remaining discharge stations that were analyzed, while in the years of MEN events, these changes show different responses than those of the SEN. During the years classified as La Niña, positive changes are mostly observed in the majority of the stations in the rivers located in the center of Peru's Pacific Coast. Another important result of this work is that the Ilave River (south of the Titicaca watershed) shows higher positive (negative) impacts during La Niña (El Niño) years, a fact that is not clearly seen in the rivers of the northern part of the Titicaca watershed (Ramis and Huancane rivers).
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Bonell, M. "Tropical forest hydrology and the role of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 4 (December 31, 1999): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-451-1999.
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Abstract. The paper outlines a perspective on tropical forest hydrology within the context of an international hydrological programme. Experience in tropical forest hydrology research in North East Australia is a focal point for comparison with international activities elsewhere. The impacts of climate variability and change are considered briefly, as well as those of reforestation of degraded land on the land use hydrology, which requires a longer term vision and support of long term experimental catchments. Sadly, too few long term experimental catchments have been maintained in the humid tropics and there have been some significant closures even of these sites in recent years. Yet the case for long-term experiments is strengthened by the problematic issue of separating anthropogenic influences (such as land use change) on the hydrology of landscapes from the effects of climate variability at a time of escalation in population and related socio-economic pressures in the humid tropics. Particular emphasis is made of the need for greater consideration for the social and cultural dimensions of forest management within forest hydrology. Furthermore, scientists must be committed to incorporating ‘societal needs' in their planning of research projects, as well as in publicizing the applications of their results, within the framework of forest-land-water policy. Alarm is expressed at the extensive disregard for the application of existing forest hydrology ‘know how' in forest-land management manipulations associated with the humid tropics.
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Keim, Richard F., and J. Blake Amos. "Dendrochronological analysis of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) responses to climate and contrasting flood regimes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 3 (March 2012): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-001.
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Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) has been used extensively for dendrochronological reconstruction of climate and is a key species in globally important wetlands with complex, poorly understood relationships between hydrological and ecological processes. To better understand ecosystem responses to changing climate and hydrology and to test whether hydrological or climatological variables are most reflected in chronologies, we developed tree-ring chronologies for six stagnant or riverine swamps in the Mississippi River deltaic plain and modeled growth responses to historical hydrology (51 years of data) and climate (111 years of data). Decoupled flooding and local climate in this deltaic setting allowed for relatively independent assessments of the roles of hydrology and climate in baldcypress growth. Depth of annual flooding was positively correlated with growth that year but negatively correlated with growth in the ensuing year for both riverine and stagnant swamps. Depth of 10-year mean flooding was positively correlated with growth in riverine swamps but negatively correlated with growth in stagnant swamps. Results corroborate previous findings that long-term, stagnant flooding reduces productivity, but growth at these deltaic sites was less correlated with climatic variables than elsewhere. At least in these frequently flooded sites, baldcypress tree rings appear to be a better long term record of hydrological history than of climatic history.
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Sriyana, Ignatius. "Evaluation of Micro Hydro Power Plants in Central Java toward Sustainability against Hydrology Condition of Watershed." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301017.
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Land degradation on the upstream of watershed will affect hydrology condition in a way that it will disrupt the sustainability of its existing micro hydro. The purpose of this study is to evaluate micro hydro power plant in central Java toward sustainability against hydrology condition of watershed. This study is using River Regime Coefficient (RRC) approach where hydrology of watershed with coefficient value less than 50 is classified as non-critical, between 50 and 120 is moderate and more than 120 is critical. Result of the study that was done on 33 micro hydro power plants scattered on 9 watersheds is showing that there are 2 power plants on 2 watersheds have hydrology condition in non-critical status (9.09%), 1 power plant on 1 watershed is in between critical and non-critical status (3.03%), 21 power plants on 3 watersheds are in between critical and moderate status (63.64%), 8 power plants on 6 watersheds are in critical status (21.21%) and 1 power plant on 1 watershed is in between moderate and critical status (3.03%).
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Brown, Tiffany A., Pamela K. Keel, and Ruth H. Striegel. "Feeding and Eating Conditions Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC) inDSM-5." Psychiatric Annals 42, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20121105-08.
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Marshall, J. A., A. J. Castillo, and M. B. Cardenas. "Assessing student understanding of physical hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 27, 2013): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-829-2013.
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Abstract. Our objective is to devise a mechanism to characterize and assess upper division and graduate student thinking in hydrology. We accomplish this through development and testing of an assessment tool for a physical hydrology class. The instrument was piloted in two sections of a physical hydrology course. Students were asked to respond to two questions that probed understanding and one question that assessed their ability to apply their knowledge, both prior to and after the course. Student and expert responses to the questions were classified into broad categories to develop a rubric to score responses. Using the rubric, three researchers independently blind-coded the full set of pre- and post-artifacts, resulting in 89% inter-rater agreement on the pre-tests and 83% agreement on the post-tests. The majority of responses made by students at the beginning of the class were characterized as showing only recognition of hydrology concepts from a non-physical perspective; post surveys indicated that the majority had moved to a basic understanding of physical processes, with some students achieving expert understanding. Our study has limitations, including the small number of participants who were all from one institution and the fact that the rubric was still under development. Nevertheless, the high inter-rater agreement from a group of experts indicates that the process we undertook is potentially useful for assessment of learning and understanding physical hydrology.
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Carey, Sean K., and Ming-ko Woo. "Snowmelt Hydrology of Two Subarctic Slopes, Southern Yukon, Canada." Hydrology Research 29, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0022.
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Large quantities of water are discharged from subarctic basins during snowmelt season. Runoff contributing areas as well as timing and magnitude of meltwater generation from different slopes are highly variable. Two slopes in the lower Wolf Creek basin, southern Yukon, were studied in 1997. The south-facing slope has a dense aspen forest that is leafless in the melt period (April – May) and is underlain by seasonal frost. The north-facing slope has open stands of spruce and an organic layer that rests on mineral soils with permafrost. In 1997, snowmelt is advanced by over 10 days on the south slope, which receives more solar radiation than the north aspect. All meltwater on the south slope infiltrates the frozen silt without generating runoff. By the time significant melt events occur on the north slope the frost and snow are gone from the south. Meltwater is able to infiltrate the frozen organic soil but deep percolation is prevented by the ice-rich substrate. Lateral flow begins after the organic layer is saturated, with much runoff along intermittent rills fed by diffuse and pipe flows. Rills and pipes are interconnected but the drainage network and runoff contributing area change depending on the disposition of the snow as well as water and frost table positions relative to local topography. Contrasts between the north and south slopes have important implications on direct runoff generation during the melt period. Situations similar to the study site can be found elsewhere in subarctic North America and the observed processes have a bearing upon hydrological modelling for the subarctic environment.
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Bouma, J., P. Droogers, M. P. W. Sonneveld, C. J. Ritsema, J. E. Hunink, W. W. Immerzeel, and S. Kauffman. "Hydropedological insights when considering catchment classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 2145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-2145-2011.
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Abstract. Soil classification systems are analysed in relation to the functioning and characterisation of catchments. Soil classifications are useful to create systematic order in the overwhelming quantity of different soils in the world and to extrapolate data available for a given soil type to soils elsewhere with identical classifications. However, such classifications are based on permanent characteristics as formed by the soil forming factors over often very long periods of time and this does not necessarily match with characteristics and parameters needed for functional soil characterization focusing, for example, on catchment hydrology. Hydropedology has made contributions towards functional characterization of soils as is illustrated for recent hydrological catchment studies. However, much still needs to be learned about the physical behaviour of anisotropic, heterogeneous field soils with varying soil structures during the year and the suggestion is made to first focus on improving simulation of catchment hydrology, incorporating hydropedological expertise, before embarking on a classification effort which involves major input of time and involves the risk of distraction. In doing so, we advise to also define other characteristics for catchment performance than the traditionally measured discharge rates.
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Ayuba, Sri Rahayu, Wilan Mooduto, Risman Jaya, Tisen Tisen, Ahmad Syamsurijal, and Munajat Nursaputra. "Drought Index Determination Using the Batulayar Watershed Hydrology Model." Journal La Lifesci 3, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v3i2.595.
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The Batulayar sub-watershed, also known as the Bongomeme sub-watershed, is one of the most important sub-watersheds in the Limboto watershed. Because there are oil palm and other plants in the Batulayar Sub-upstream watershed's area that cause drought and natural harm. The goal of this study was to assess the severity of the drought and develop a hydrological model for calculating the drought index in the Batulayar sub-upstream watershed's area. The mix approach was utilized, which combines Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeling with field survey methodologies. The study's findings suggest that land conversion in the Batulayar Sub-upstream watershed's area may have an impact on the watershed's function. The Batulayar Sub-SMDI watershed's value in the SWAT Model results shows that it ranges from -0.50 to -2.99 in March, April, May, November, and December over a 10-year period, and is classified as "Slightly Dry" and "Slightly Dry." The Hydrological Model's role in determining the drought index can be seen in the results of calibration and validation using the NSE Model (Nash Sutcliffe Coeficient of Efficiency). An NSE value of 0.9 is obtained in calibration and validation, implying that the NSE value obtained belongs to the "good" class or that the discharge model and research observation discharge are similar.
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Louis, David N., Pieter Wesseling, Werner Paulus, Caterina Giannini, Tracy T. Batchelor, J. Gregory Cairncross, David Capper, et al. "cIMPACT-NOW update 1: Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) and Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC)." Acta Neuropathologica 135, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1808-0.
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Wilcox, Jeffrey, Emily Bradshaw Marino, Adam Warwick, and Megan Sutton. "Hydrology of a Southern Appalachian Hypocrene Spring-Fed Fen." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2308.
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ABSTRACT Garland Seep is a Southern Appalachian fen that supports a population of federally endangered green pitcher plants (Sarracenia oreophila). The wetland is underlain by clayey stream deposits above fractured bedrock, is located at the base of a mountain slope, and is fed by groundwater that originates as recharge on the adjacent hillslope. Groundwater wells were installed following a hydrologic restoration in the mid-1990s and have been monitored at varying frequencies since that time. The 20+ year record provides evidence that Garland Seep can be classified as a “hypocrene fen,” in which spring flow rarely reaches the ground surface because of low discharge rates and high evapotranspiration (ET). In general, water-level fluctuations followed seasonal ET patterns, with higher water levels in the winter and early spring (when ET is low) and lower levels in the summer and fall. During wetter years, the water table remained near the ground surface for much of the year, with the clay layer underlying the site retaining moisture even after water levels had dropped. The “clay wetting” period was shorter during dryer years and corresponded with a reduction in the number of pitcher plant clumps observed at the site. In addition to the geologic and climatic controls on hydrology, previous landowners used fire to maintain open space for grazing, and The Nature Conservancy has continued the practice to combat woody vegetation and to open the canopy. Prescribed burns reduce ET (at least initially), cause a rise in water levels, and have helped maintain a thriving Sarracenia population.
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Zulkafli, Z., W. Buytaert, C. Onof, W. Lavado, and J. L. Guyot. "A critical assessment of the JULES land surface model hydrology for humid tropical environments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2012): 12523–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-12523-2012.
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Abstract. Global land surface models (LSMs) such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are originally developed to provide surface boundary conditions for climate models. They are increasingly used for hydrological simulation, for instance to simulate the impacts of land-use changes and other perturbations on the water cycle. This study investigates how well such models represent the major hydrological fluxes at the relevant spatial and temporal scales – an important question for reliable model applications in poorly understood, data-scarce environments. The JULES-LSM is implemented in a 360 000 km2 humid tropical mountain basin of the Peruvian Andes–Amazon at 12 km grid resolution, forced with daily satellite and climate reanalysis data. The simulations are evaluated using conventional discharge-based evaluation methods, and by further comparing the magnitude and internal variability of the basin surface fluxes such as evapotranspiration, throughfall, and surface and subsurface runoff, of the model with those observed in similar environments elsewhere. We find reasonably positive model efficiencies and high correlations between the simulated and observed streamflows, but high root-mean-square errors affecting the performance in smaller, upper sub-basins. We attribute this to errors in the water balance and JULES-LSM's inability to model baseflow. We also found a tendency to underrepresent the high evapotranspiration rates of the region. We conclude that strategies to improve the representation of tropical systems to be (1) addressing errors in the forcing (2) incorporating local wetland and regional floodplain in the subsurface representation.
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Bouma, J., P. Droogers, M. P. W. Sonneveld, C. J. Ritsema, J. E. Hunink, W. W. Immerzeel, and S. Kauffman. "Hydropedological insights when considering catchment classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 22, 2011): 1909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1909-2011.
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Abstract. Soil classification systems are analysed to explore the potential of developing classification systems for catchments. Soil classifications are useful to create systematic order in the overwhelming quantity of different soils in the world and to extrapolate data available for a given soil type to soils elsewhere with identical classifications. This principle also applies to catchments. However, to be useful, soil classifications have to be based on permanent characteristics as formed by the soil forming factors over often very long periods of time. When defining permanent catchment characteristics, discharge data would therefore appear to be less suitable. But permanent soil characteristics do not necessarily match with characteristics and parameters needed for functional soil characterization focusing, for example, on catchment hydrology. Hydropedology has made contributions towards the required functional characterization of soils as is illustrated for three recent hydrological catchment studies. However, much still needs to be learned about the physical behaviour of anisotropic, heterogeneous soils with varying soil structures during the year and about spatial and temporal variability. The suggestion is made therefore to first focus on improving simulation of catchment hydrology, possibly incorporating hydropedological expertise, before embarking on a catchment classification effort which involves major input of time and involves the risk of distraction. In doing so, we suggest to also define other characteristics for catchment performance than the traditionally measured discharge rates. Such characteristics may well be derived from societal issues being studied, as is illustrated for the Green Water Credits program.
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Zulkafli, Z., W. Buytaert, C. Onof, W. Lavado, and J. L. Guyot. "A critical assessment of the JULES land surface model hydrology for humid tropical environments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 3 (March 14, 2013): 1113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1113-2013.
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Abstract. Global land surface models (LSMs) such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are originally developed to provide surface boundary conditions for climate models. They are increasingly used for hydrological simulation, for instance to simulate the impacts of land use changes and other perturbations on the water cycle. This study investigates how well such models represent the major hydrological fluxes at the relevant spatial and temporal scales – an important question for reliable model applications in poorly understood, data-scarce environments. The JULES-LSM is implemented in a 360 000 km2 humid tropical mountain basin of the Peruvian Andes–Amazon at 12-km grid resolution, forced with daily satellite and climate reanalysis data. The simulations are evaluated using conventional discharge-based evaluation methods, and by further comparing the magnitude and internal variability of the basin surface fluxes such as evapotranspiration, throughfall, and surface and subsurface runoff of the model with those observed in similar environments elsewhere. We find reasonably positive model efficiencies and high correlations between the simulated and observed streamflows, but high root-mean-square errors affecting the performance in smaller, upper sub-basins. We attribute this to errors in the water balance and JULES-LSM's inability to model baseflow. We also found a tendency to under-represent the high evapotranspiration rates of the region. We conclude that strategies to improve the representation of tropical systems to be (1) addressing errors in the forcing and (2) incorporating local wetland and regional floodplain in the subsurface representation.
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2015 Program Committee, BRASS. "From Committees of RUSA: BRASS Program: Not Elsewhere Classified: Researching New and Niche Industries." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.156.
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The Business Research and Services Section (BRASS) 2015 program was directed to business research professionals who may be stymied by researcher requests related to newer or niche industries. In a stimulating ninety-minute session, two top research professionals informed, confronted and engaged their American Library Association (ALA) audience with their well-paced array of smart search strategies and sources designed to meet industry challenges. The presentation was effective in identifying research workaround strategies and tying real industry problems with practical, on-the-job solutions.The material provided here and the bibliography of sources may serve as additional resources for emerging industry queries of library users. The BRASS program presentation is available via this ALA conference website (http://alaac15.ala.org/node/28603).
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Burford, C., R. Laxton, Z. Sidhu, M. Aizpurua, A. King, I. Bodi, K. Ashkan, and S. Al-Sarraj. "ATRX immunohistochemistry can help refine ‘not elsewhere classified’ categorisation for grade II/III gliomas." British Journal of Neurosurgery 33, no. 5 (April 24, 2019): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1600657.
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Chen, Jing Bo, Jun Bao Zheng, Lei Yang, and Ya Ming Wang. "Change-Points Detections for Interrupted Time Series Analysis: A Literature Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.187.
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General review of Change-Points detection methods applied in Interrupted Time Series Analysis for recent years. Articles from domains like meteorology, hydrology, stock analysis, sequences mining et al. are compared together. The literatures range from the 1980s to 2013. The methods are generally classified in Parametric, Semi-Parametric, and Nonparametric. Some non-statistical methods are also mentioned in this review. Characters of each method are briefly summarized. As all methods mentioned in this review share a common purpose that to detect change-points, most of them can be used in other domains after some proper adjustment.
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Dakskobler, Igor, Andrej Martinčič, and Daniel Rojšek. "Phytosociological Analysis Of Communities With Adiantum Capillusveneris In The Foothills Of The Julian Alps (Western Slovenia)." Hacquetia 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2014-0016.
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Abstract We conducted a phytosociological study of the communities hosting the rare and endangered fern Adiantum capillus-veneris in the foothills of the Julian Alps, in Karst and in Istria. Based on a comparison with similar communities elsewhere in the southern Alps (northern Italy) we classified most of the recorded stands into the syntaxa Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum and -cratoneuretosum commutati. Releves from the southern Julian Alps, located in comparatively slightly colder and moister local climate and the dolomite bedrock are classified into the new subassociation -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Stands with the abundant occurrence of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, are classified in to the new subassociation -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova. Stands in conglomerate rock shelters along the Soča at Solkan are classified into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum ass. nova, a community of transitional character between the classes Adiantetea capilli-veneris and Asplenietea trichomanis.
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Rasool, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Azher Hassan, Xiaobo Zhang, Qing Zeng, Yifei Jia, Li Wen, and Guangchun Lei. "Habitat Quality and Social Behavioral Association Network in a Wintering Waterbirds Community." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116044.
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Migratory waterbirds concentrated in freshwater ecosystems in mosaic environments rely on quality habitats for overwintering. At West Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve (WDLNNR), China, land-use change and hydrology alternation are compounding factors that have affected important wintering areas for migratory waterbirds. Presently, changes in the hydrology and landscape have reshaped natural wintering habitats and their availability, though the impact of hydrological management on habitat selection of wintering waterbirds is largely unknown. In this study, we classified differentially managed habitats and calculated their area using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to evaluate suitable habitat availability over the study period (2016–2017 and 2017–2018 wintering periods). We then used social behavioral association network (SBAN) model to compare habitat quality through species-species social interactions and species-habitat associations in lakes with different hydrological management. The results indicated that social interactions between and within species structured wintering waterbirds communities, which could be dominated by one or more species, while dominant species control the activities of other co-existing species. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests indicated significant differences in SBAN metrics between lakes (p = 0.0237) and habitat (p < 0.0001) levels. Specifically, lakes with managed hydrology were preferred by more species. The managed lakes had better habitat quality in terms of significantly higher habitat areas (p < 0.0001) and lower habitat transitions (p = 0.0113). Collectively, our findings suggest that proper hydrological management can provide continuous availability of quality habitats, especially mudflats and shallow waters, for a stable SBAN to ensure a wintering waterbirds community with more sympatric species in a dynamic environment.
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Utama, Widya, M. Hafiizh Immaduddin, and Rista Fitri Indriani. "Physiographic Study for Hydrology of Embung Hendrosari Region, Gresik Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1095, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1095/1/012004.
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Abstract This study aims to determine physiographic characteristics based on the slope and land use which affect water control in Embung Hendrosari area, Gresik. The data used in this study are DEM data, Landsat 8 image data, and river data. The slope data processing is carried out through slope classification analysis. The Landsat 8 data processing is used for land use classification analysis. The slope classification maps and land use classification maps are used to classify flow coefficients. There are five land classifications obtained in land cover classification map including agriculture, settlements, industrial areas, plantations, and waters. There are 5 classifications obtained on the slope classification map, including flat, sloping, slightly steep, steep and very steep. The flow coefficient analysis is performed from the combination of land use data and slope data. The flow coefficient is influenced by the characteristics of the land cover and the slope of the slope. The average flow coefficient of Embung Hendrosari area is 0.31, which classified as medium flow coefficient. This indicates that 31% of the water is run off on the ground surface and 69% of the water is absorbed below the soil surface. There are changes in land function in Embung Hendrosari area, for example, agriculture area which changed into settlement and/or industry, which will significantly affect the value of the flow coefficient. The change in land use causes more water to run off the surface. This runoff water management requires a water reservoir that can be directed toward reservoir. The results of this study show such an initial step in hydrological engineering by its development, improvement, utilization, and control of water flow by utilizing the function of Hendrosari Gresik reservoir.
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Garanča, Biruta. "THE STRUCTURE OF MACHINERY BUILDING IN LATGALE AND PERSPECTIVES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2009vol1.1.1761.
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The financial facility of development of machinery building in Latgale is expected in manufacturing of electrical and optical equipment and in production of metal and metal ware. At present the proportion of production of leading machinery and equipment non-classified elsewhere, as well as of production of transport means has a tendency to reduce and also they have lesser probability to manage the financial crisis.
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Goldberg, David. "Should our major classifications of mental disorders be revised?" British Journal of Psychiatry 196, no. 4 (April 2010): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.072405.
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SummaryOur major classification systems (DSM and ICD) face three main problems: the high rates of ‘comorbidity’ that are produced by our present diagnostic rules, the increasing use of ‘not elsewhere classified’ (NEC) by practising clinicians, and the fact that each new edition is longer and more complex than the one preceding it. A major simplification of the chapter structure used by each classification might pave the way to address these problems.
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Gangadhar, K., and D. Santhosh. "Primary Skull Osteosarcoma: MDCT Evaluation and Histopathological Correlation in Two Cases." Neuroradiology Journal 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140091202500206.
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Osteosarcomas are typically long bone tumors and rarely affect the skull, with most articles reporting single cases. As elsewhere in the body, these lesions may be classified as primary or secondary, chiefly post-Paget and post-radiation therapy. We describe two cases of primary osteosarcoma of skull one presenting with cerebellar symptoms and another with giant skull swelling. Complete evaluation with 64 slice CT and histopathological correlation was carried out.
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Katona, Orsolya, György Sipos, Alexandru Onaca, and Florina Ardelean. "Reconstruction of Palaeo-hydrology and fluvial architecture at the Orosháza palaeo-channel of River Maros, Hungary." Journal of Environmental Geography 5, no. 1-4 (January 2, 2012): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jengeo-2012-43805.
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Several studies have addressed the impact of climate change and tectonic activity on fluvial systems. When investigating these systems palaeo-hydrological and geomorphological data on abandoned channels can yield valuable results. The main aim of our work was to reconstruct morphological conditions at the Orosháza palaeo-channel and to estimate the bankfull discharge which characterized the channel during its formation. There are several equations predicting bankfull discharge on the basis of planform parameters, but these only work for meandering rivers. In case of braided channels flow reconstruction can only be made by using cross-sectional parameters. The Orosháza palaeo-channel provided the means of a comparative analysis in this respect. By a sudden pattern change both meandering and braided reaches, supposedly having a very similar bankfull discharge, could be simultaneously studied. Planform parameters and present cross-sections were determined on the basis of a high resolution DEM, while original cross-section parameters were assessed using sedimentological and geophysical methods. Based on sedimentological data, channel pattern transition was mainly driven by intensive bedload accumulation at the edge of the Maros Alluvial Fan (MAF). Slope differences could not be evened out due to an avulsion close to the apex of the fan. Concerning discharge calculations a good agreement was found between a region-specific planform based equation and the cross-section based Grauckler-Manning equation. Values determined for the braided and meandering reach were also in a good correspondence. Consequently, the presented approach is suitable to determine the discharge of other braided palaeo-channels on the MAF and elsewhere.
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Spencer, Peter, Duncan Faulkner, Ian Perkins, David Lindsay, Guy Dixon, Matthew Parkes, Andrew Lowe, et al. "The floods of December 2015 in northern England: description of the events and possible implications for flood hydrology in the UK." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 568–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.092.
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Abstract In December 2015, northern England experienced two major flooding events with extreme, even in some locations unprecedented, rainfalls and flooding. New 24-, 36-, and 48-hour UK rainfall records were created of 341.4, 401.4, and 405.2 mm, respectively. Three river-flow gauging stations, with flows of around 1,700 m3/s exceeded the previous peak flow record for England and Wales. There was widespread flooding, including major towns and cities, some of which had recent flood alleviation schemes. In Cumbria, the flood events in 2005, 2009 and 2015 compared with previous and historical events raise questions about the stationarity of the flood data and flood-producing mechanisms. These possible effects are less apparent elsewhere in northern England. This paper discusses whether present methods of estimating flood risk are able to cope with such extreme events and suggests topics for future research. In the meantime, for studies where flood estimates are important, practical hydrologists are faced with the difficult task of producing design flood estimates which fit with our understanding of these events.
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Klingler, Christoph, Karsten Schulz, and Mathew Herrnegger. "LamaH-CE: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 4529–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4529-2021.
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Abstract. Very large and comprehensive datasets are increasingly used in the field of hydrology. Large-sample studies provide insights into the hydrological cycle that might not be available with small-scale studies. LamaH-CE (LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe, LamaH for short; the geographical extension “-CE” is omitted in the text and the dataset) is a new dataset for large-sample studies and comparative hydrology in Central Europe. It covers the entire upper Danube to the state border of Austria–Slovakia, as well as all other Austrian catchments including their foreign upstream areas. LamaH covers an area of about 170 000 km2 in nine countries, ranging from lowland regions characterized by a continental climate to high alpine zones dominated by snow and ice. Consequently, a wide diversity of properties is present in the individual catchments. We represent this variability in 859 gauged catchments with over 60 catchment attributes, covering topography, climatology, hydrology, land cover, vegetation, soil and geological properties. LamaH further contains a collection of runoff time series as well as meteorological time series. These time series are provided with a daily and hourly resolution. All meteorological and the majority of runoff time series cover a span of over 35 years, which enables long-term analyses with a high temporal resolution. The runoff time series are classified by over 20 attributes including information about human impacts and indicators for data quality and completeness. The structure of LamaH is based on the well-known CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies) datasets. In contrast, however, LamaH does not only consider independent basins, covering the full upstream area. Intermediate catchments are covered as well, which allows together with novel attributes the considering of the hydrological network and river topology in applications. We not only describe the basic datasets used and methodology of data preparation but also focus on possible limitations and uncertainties. LamaH contains additionally results of a conceptual hydrological baseline model for checking plausibility of the inputs as well as benchmarking. Potential applications of LamaH are outlined as well, since it is intended to serve as a uniform data basis for further research. LamaH is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525244 (Klingler et al., 2021).
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Machar, I. "Floodplain forests of Litovelské Pomoraví and their management." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 8 (August 12, 2008): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2008-jfs.
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The paper characterizes the natural conditions and current state of floodplain forests in the area of Litovelské Pomoraví and proposes the protective management of the area in accordance with the European Natura 2000 system. The paper describes the geographical location and the natural conditions of the area of interest (climate, geology, geomorphology, hydrology and flood regime, soils, and vegetation). Six groups of geobiocene types were identified, classified and described in detail. Assessment of the ecological stability of the forest stand was carried out using biogeographical differentiation of the landscape and the outline of the forest ecosystem management is drawn based on the differentiation of the protected landscape area into zones with various levels of protection.
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Brown, Mark J. "Distribution and Characterization of Forested Wetlands in the Carolinas and Virginia." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/21.2.64.
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Abstract Recent forest inventories of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, included sampling for hydric vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Forest samples that met all 3 of these criteria were classified as forested wetland. This study characterizes wetland forests by extent, owner, age, forest type, physiography, volume, growth, and removals, and evaluates its contribution to the timber supply. Wetland stands comprise 8.1 million ac, or 17% of the forests in the 3 States. They are over 90% privately owned, they vary widely by type and physiography, and they contribute 21% of all removals. Classification of wetland area based simply on broad management class and physiography will result in inaccurate estimates. South. J. Appl. For. 21(2):64-70.
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Ataie-Ashtiani, Behzad, and Craig T. Simmons. "The millennium-old hydrogeology textbook <i>The Extraction of Hidden Waters</i> by the Persian mathematician and engineer Abubakr Mohammad Karaji (953 CE–1029 CE)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-761-2020.
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Abstract. We revisit and shed light on the millennium-old hydrogeology textbook The Extraction of Hidden Waters by the Persian mathematician and engineer Karaji. Despite the nature of the understanding and conceptualization of the world by the people of that time, ground-breaking ideas and descriptions of hydrological and hydrogeological perceptions such as components of hydrological cycle, groundwater quality and even driving factors for groundwater flow were presented in the book. Although some of these ideas may have been presented elsewhere, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a whole book was focused on different aspects of hydrology and hydrogeology. More importantly, we are impressed that the book is composed in a way that covered all aspects that are related to an engineering project, including technical and construction issues, guidelines for maintenance, and final delivery of the project when the development and construction were over. We speculate that Karaji's book is the first of its kind to provide a construction and maintenance manual for an engineering project.
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Williams, C. Jason, Frederick B. Pierson, Patrick R. Kormos, Osama Z. Al-Hamdan, and Justin C. Johnson. "Vegetation, ground cover, soil, rainfall simulation, and overland-flow experiments before and after tree removal in woodland-encroached sagebrush steppe: the hydrology component of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP)." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 1347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1347-2020.
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Abstract. Rainfall simulation and overland-flow experiments enhance understanding of surface hydrology and erosion processes, quantify runoff and erosion rates, and provide valuable data for developing and testing predictive models. We present a unique dataset (1021 experimental plots) of rainfall simulation (1300 plot runs) and overland-flow (838 plot runs) experimental plot data paired with measures of vegetation, ground cover, and surface soil physical properties spanning point to hillslope scales. The experimental data were collected at three sloping sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) sites in the Great Basin, USA, each subjected to woodland encroachment and with conditions representative of intact wooded shrublands and 1–9 years following wildfire, prescribed fire, and/or tree cutting and shredding tree-removal treatments. The methodologies applied in data collection and the cross-scale experimental design uniquely provide scale-dependent, separate measures of interrill (rain splash and sheet flow processes, 0.5 m2 plots) and concentrated overland-flow runoff and erosion rates (∼9 m2 plots), along with collective rates for these same processes combined over the patch scale (13 m2 plots). The dataset provides a valuable source for developing, assessing, and calibrating/validating runoff and erosion models applicable to diverse plant community dynamics with varying vegetation, ground cover, and surface soil conditions. The experimental data advance understanding and quantification of surface hydrologic and erosion processes for the research domain and potentially for other patchy-vegetated rangeland landscapes elsewhere. Lastly, the unique nature of repeated measures spanning numerous treatments and timescales delivers a valuable dataset for examining long-term landscape vegetation, soil, hydrology, and erosion responses to various management actions, land use, and natural disturbances. The dataset is available from the US Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library at https://data.nal.usda.gov/search/type/dataset (last access: 7 May 2020) (doi: https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1504518; Pierson et al., 2019).
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MONNIOT, FRANÇOISE, and SUSANNA LÓPEZ-LEGENTIL. "Deep-sea ascidians from Papua New Guinea." Zootaxa 4276, no. 4 (June 14, 2017): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.4.5.
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Four deep-sea ascidian species collected during the KAVIENG 2014 expedition in Papua New Guinea are described, including additional characteristics not reported previously. Fimbrora calsubia is classified within the family Ascidiidae, Dicopia fimbriata and Octacnemus bythius within Octacnemidae, and Culeolus recumbens within Pyuridae. Anatomical observations confirmed previous descriptions for these four species collected elsewhere. Here, we describe additional morphological features for these species and provide the first barcode DNA sequences (based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I) for D. fimbriata and C. recumbens.
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Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.
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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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Fang, X., J. W. Pomeroy, C. R. Ellis, M. K. MacDonald, C. M. DeBeer, and T. Brown. "Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 30, 2013): 1635–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1635-2013.
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Abstract. One of the purposes of the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) is to diagnose inadequacies in the understanding of the hydrological cycle and its simulation. A physically based hydrological model including a full suite of snow and cold regions hydrology processes as well as warm season, hillslope and groundwater hydrology was developed in CRHM for application in the Marmot Creek Research Basin (~ 9.4 km2), located in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Parameters were selected from digital elevation model, forest, soil, and geological maps, and from the results of many cold regions hydrology studies in the region and elsewhere. Non-calibrated simulations were conducted for six hydrological years during the period 2005–2011 and were compared with detailed field observations of several hydrological cycle components. The results showed good model performance for snow accumulation and snowmelt compared to the field observations for four seasons during the period 2007–2011, with a small bias and normalised root mean square difference (NRMSD) ranging from 40 to 42% for the subalpine conifer forests and from 31 to 67% for the alpine tundra and treeline larch forest environments. Overestimation or underestimation of the peak SWE ranged from 1.6 to 29%. Simulations matched well with the observed unfrozen moisture fluctuation in the top soil layer at a lodgepole pine site during the period 2006–2011, with a NRMSD ranging from 17 to 39%, but with consistent overestimation of 7 to 34%. Evaluations of seasonal streamflow during the period 2006–2011 revealed that the model generally predicted well compared to observations at the basin scale, with a NRMSD of 60% and small model bias (1%), while at the sub-basin scale NRMSDs were larger, ranging from 72 to 76%, though overestimation or underestimation for the cumulative seasonal discharge was within 29%. Timing of discharge was better predicted at the Marmot Creek basin outlet, having a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.58 compared to the outlets of the sub-basins where NSE ranged from 0.2 to 0.28. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of 0.15 and 0.17 for comparisons between the simulated groundwater storage and observed groundwater level fluctuation at two wells indicate weak but positive correlations. The model results are encouraging for uncalibrated prediction and indicate research priorities to improve simulations of snow accumulation at treeline, groundwater dynamics, and small-scale runoff generation processes in this environment. The study shows that improved hydrological cycle model prediction can be derived from improved hydrological understanding and therefore is a model that can be applied for prediction in ungauged basins.
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Fang, X., J. W. Pomeroy, C. R. Ellis, M. K. MacDonald, C. M. DeBeer, and T. Brown. "Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2012): 12825–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-12825-2012.
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Abstract. One of the purposes of the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) is to diagnose inadequacies in the understanding of the hydrological cycle and its simulation. A physically based hydrological model including a full suite of snow and cold regions hydrology processes as well as warm season, hillslope and groundwater hydrology was developed in CRHM for application in the Marmot Creek Research Basin (~ 9.4km2), located in the Front Ranges of Canadian Rocky Mountains. Parameters were selected from digital elevation model, forest, soil and geological maps, and from the results of many cold regions hydrology studies in the region and elsewhere. Non-calibrated simulations were conducted for six hydrological years during 2005–2011 and were compared with detailed field observations of several hydrological cycle components. Results showed good model performance for snow accumulation and snowmelt compared to the field observations for four seasons during 2007–2011, with a small bias and normalized root mean square difference (NRMSD) ranging from 40 to 42% for the subalpine conifer forests and from 31 to 67% for the alpine tundra and tree-line larch forest environments. Overestimation or underestimation of the peak SWE ranged from 1.6 to 29%. Simulations matched well with the observed unfrozen moisture fluctuation in the top soil layer at a lodgepole pine site during 2006–2011, with a NRMSD ranging from 17% to 39%, but with consistent overestimation of 7 to 34%. Evaluations of seasonal streamflow during 2006–2011 revealed the model generally predicted well compared to observations at the basin scale, with a NRMSD of 77% and small model bias (6%), but at the sub-basin scale NRMSD were larger, ranging from 86 to 106%; though overestimation or underestimation for the cumulative seasonal discharge was within 24%. Timing of discharge was better predicted at the Marmot Creek basin outlet having a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.31 compared to the outlets of the sub-basins where NSE ranged from −0.03 to −0.76. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of 0.12 and 0.17 for comparisons between the simulated groundwater storage and observed groundwater level fluctuation at two wells indicate weak but positive correlations. The model results are encouraging for uncalibrated prediction and indicate research priorities to improve simulations of snow accumulation at treeline, groundwater dynamics and small-scale runoff generation processes in this environment. The study shows that improved hydrological cycle model prediction can be derived from improved hydrological understanding and therefore is a model that can be applied for prediction in ungauged basins.
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Pridmore, Saxby, Helen Hornsby, David Hay, and Ivor Jones. "Survival Analysis and Readmission in Mood Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 6 (December 1994): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.6.824.
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BackgroundThis is an exploratory study of readmission in mood disorder.MethodThe study is naturalistic and employs survival analysis. We identified 821 individuals with ICD–9 diagnoses, drawn from the Tasmanian Mental Health Register.ResultsNo demographic variables influence the time to readmission. Two groups emerge: those with affective psychoses, and those with neurotic depression, brief depressive reaction and depressive disorders not elsewhere classified. The former group demonstrated shorter times to readmission than the latter. There was no support for a unipolar–bipolar distinction.ConclusionsAffective psychoses have a less favourable outcome than expected. There was support for an endogenous-neurotic distinction.
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Kopacz, Marek S., Cathleen P. Kane, Brady Stephens, and Wilfred R. Pigeon. "Use ofICD-9-CMDiagnosis Code V62.89 (Other Psychological or Physical Stress, Not Elsewhere Classified) Following a Suicide Attempt." Psychiatric Services 67, no. 7 (July 2016): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500302.
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Zhu, Guofeng, Yuwei Liu, Peiji Shi, Wenxiong Jia, Junju Zhou, Yuanfeng Liu, Xinggang Ma, et al. "Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): 3773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3773-2022.
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Abstract. Ecosystems in arid areas are fragile and are easily disturbed by various natural and human factors. As natural tracers widely exist in nature, stable isotopes can be valuable for studying environmental change and the water cycle. From 2015 to 2020, we took the Shiyang River basin, which has the highest utilization rate of water resources and the most prominent contradiction of water use, as a typical demonstration basin to establish and improve the isotope hydrology observation system. The data in the observation system are classified by water type (precipitation, river water, lake water, groundwater, soil water, and plant water). Six observation systems with stable isotopes as the main observation elements have been built. These include river source region, oasis region, reservoir channel system region, oasis farmland region, ecological engineering construction region, and salinization process region; meteorological and hydrological data have also been collected. We will gradually improve the various observation systems, increase the data of observation sites, and update the data set yearly. We can use these data to research the continental river basin ecological hydrology, such as surface water evaporation loss, landscape river water cycle impact of the dam, dam water retention time, oasis farmland irrigation methods, and the atmosphere, such as the contribution of inland water circulation to inland river precipitation, climate transformation, below-cloud evaporation effect, and extreme climate events, which provides a scientific basis for water resources utilization and ecological environment restoration in the arid area. The data sets are available at https://doi.org/10.17632/vhm44t74sy.1 (Zhu, 2022).
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Zogg, Gregory P., and Burton V. Barnes. "Ecological classification and analysis of wetland ecosystems, northern Lower Michigan, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-201.
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We describe an ecological, multifactor approach to wetland classification in which ecosystem types are identified on the basis of the simultaneous integration of physiography, climate, hydrology, soil, and vegetation. Aerial photographs and field reconnaissance were used to characterize the diversity of wetlands of the 4000-ha University of Michigan Biological Station, northern Lower Michigan. Twenty-eight wetland units, including nutrient-rich swamps, ombrotrophic bogs, and many intermediate types, were identified. Eight wetland ecosystems, composing 79% of the total wetland area, were sampled extensively and classified primarily on the basis of the major glacial landforms and physiographic features of the region. Canonical variates analysis was used to evaluate the distinctness of these physiographically determined units in relation to various biotic and abiotic variables. Wetland types were poorly discriminated by canonical variates analysis of overstory composition data; better separation among types was achieved using ground-flora vegetation, hydrology, or soil characteristics. To demonstrate the utility of the multifactor approach to applications in wetland ecology, vegetation–environment relationships were examined using canonical correspondence analysis. Patterns of ground-flora community composition across all ecosystems were related to substrate characteristics, primarily organic matter composition, in addition to water chemistry and light. The results suggest that a multifactor approach, within a landscape framework, is useful in distinguishing wetlands at local scales, particularly where differences in overstory vegetation among ecosystems tend to be masked by human-caused disturbance. However, the landform-mediated differences in various wetland characteristics that we observed argue for a consideration of landscape-level physiography in classification and management even at broader scales.
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King, Connor, Neal Michelutti, Carsten Meyer-Jacob, Richard Bindler, Pedro Tapia, Christopher Grooms, and John P. Smol. "Diatoms and other siliceous indicators track the ontogeny of a “bofedal” (wetland) ecosystem in the Peruvian Andes." Botany 99, no. 8 (August 2021): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0196.
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Recent warming in the Andes is affecting the region’s water resources including glaciers and lakes, which supply water to tens of millions of people downstream. High-elevation wetlands, known locally as “bofedales”, are an understudied Andean ecosystem despite their key role in carbon sequestration, maintenance of biodiversity, and regulation of water flow. Here, we analyze subfossil diatom assemblages and other siliceous bioindicators preserved in a peat core collected from a bofedal in Peru’s Cordillera Vilcanota. Basal radiocarbon ages show the bofedal likely formed during a wet period of the Little Ice Age (1520–1680 CE), as inferred from nearby ice core data. The subfossil diatom record is marked by several dynamic assemblage shifts documenting a hydrosere succession from an open-water system to mature peatland. The diatoms appear to be responding largely to changes in hydrology that occur within the natural development of the bofedal, but also to pH and possibly nutrient enrichment from grazing animals. The rapid peat accretion recorded post-1950 at this site is consistent with recent peat growth rates elsewhere in the Andes. Given the many threats to Peruvian bofedales including climate change, overgrazing, peat extraction, and mining, these baseline data will be critical to assessing future change in these important ecosystems.
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Faulkner, Duncan, Caroline Keef, and John Martin. "Setting design inflows to hydrodynamic flood models using a dependence model." Hydrology Research 43, no. 5 (May 9, 2012): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.018.
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In setting design inflows to hydrodynamic models of flood flow along rivers, there can be a conflict between site-specific hydrological estimates of flow for a given return period and what the river model calculates as it routes flood hydrographs. This paper describes research carried out as part of the Flood Studies Update programme in Ireland, aimed at developing guidance on how to divide up river models and set the magnitude and timing of their inflows so that conditions in the model reach correspond to the expected design flood return period. A model for the joint distribution of flood peaks at pairs of catchments has been developed. The relationship between flood return periods is linked to physical differences between catchments. The model thus allows estimation of the statistical distribution of the flood return period expected at one site during a flood of specified return period elsewhere. A separate regression model predicts the relative timings of flood peaks on pairs of rivers. A summary of the resulting practitioner guidance is given, along with an overview of the testing of the method. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential for application of the spatial dependence model to other problems in hydrology.
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Koretzky, Martin B., and Alexis S. V. Rosenoer. "MMPI Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Alcoholic Vietnam Veterans." Psychological Reports 60, no. 2 (April 1987): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.2.359.
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One hundred Vietnam-era male veterans in a Veterans Administration. 28-day inpatient alcohol treatment program were classified into combat and noncombat groups according to whether they served in Vietnam or elsewhere during the Vietnam conflict. The MMPI scores of the two groups were compared according to a diagnostic decision-rule developed by Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank in 1984 for posttraumatic stress disorder. Chi-squared analysis showed that the combat group passed the decision-rule in significantly higher numbers than the noncombat group. The results provide evidence that the F-2-8 decision-rule to determine this diagnosis applies to alcoholic as well as nonalcoholic populations.
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Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N. "The Contemporary Face of Bipolar Illness: Complex Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 9 (September 2008): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900013894.
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AbstractManic depression, or bipolar disorder, is a multifaceted illness with an inevitably complex treatment. The current article summarizes the current status of our knowledge and practice concerning its diagnosis and treatment. While the prototypic clinical picture concerns the “classic” bipolar disorder, today mixed episodes with incomplete recovery and significant psychosocial impairment are more frequent. The clinical picture of these mixed episodes is variable, eludes contemporary classification systems, and possibly includes a constellation of mental syndromes currently classified elsewhere. Treatment includes the careful combination of lithium, antiepileptics, atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants, but not all of the agents in these broad categories are effective for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
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Lahsaini, Meriam, and Hassan Tabyaoui. "Modelisation Hydraulique Mono Dimensionnel Par HEC RAS, Application Sur L’oued Aggay (Ville De Sefrou)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 18 (June 30, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n18p110.
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The city of Sefrou, because of its geographical position, its cultural heritage and urban planning, than economically, is classified as one of the sites with a vulnerability particular to floods. Oued Aggay, the subject of this study, constitutes a danger potential because of the violence of its floods. In this perspective that comes this study that part of the creation and management of a spatial database on flood risk in the Sebou basin. It aims to spatialize the extent of the floods of Oued Aggay and propose solutions to protection the city of Sefrou against floods. The chosen approach goes through a hydrological study, the choice of profiles and the construction of onedimensional model from HEC RAS hydrology software. This study allowed us to simulate floods by statistical methods, identify flood zones and determine the different water levels in the flooded area for the Oued Aggay watershed.
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Makino, Yasuhide, Takeshi Kawauchi, Yoshiki Arakawa, Tomoko Shofuda, Ema Yoshioka, Masahiro Tanji, Yohei Mineharu, Yonehiro Kanemura, and Susumu Miyamoto. "LGG-38. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS IN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT AGE IN A SINGLE INSTITUTE." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii373—iii374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.419.
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Abstract Molecular diagnosis in brain tumors has been widely spread after the publication of WHO 2016 classification. But it become a major problem that there are some tumors not to be classified on its criteria, especially in pediatric neuroepithelial tumors. To clarify the characteristics of gliomas in pediatric and adolescent and young adult age (AYA), we picked up 131 neuroepithelial tumors under 30-year-old at Kyoto University and analyze their molecular profiles. Hot spot mutations in IDH1/2, H3F3A, HIST1H3B, TERT promoter, and BRAF were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, and 1p/19q codeletion was examined by FISH or MLPA. With the pathohistological diagnosis and genetic information, all tumors were classified based on WHO 2016 classification. The terms “not otherwise specified” (NOS) and “not elsewhere classified” (NEC) were used based on cIMPACT-NOW. There were 25 glioblastomas and 34 pilocytic astrocytomas, which accounted for a larger percentage than in adult tumors. IDH-wild type gliomas accounted for 55% in diffuse astrocytomas and 69% in anaplastic astrocytomas. The percentages of gliomas with NEC were 50% of oligodendrogliomas and 20% in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, respectively. Most pilocytic astrocytomas were under 20-year-old (27 patients) and located in infratentorial area (21 patients). Based on WHO 2016 classification, not a few neuroepithelial tumors in pediatric and AYA ages could be classified clearly. These tumors had more different genetic abnormalities than those in adult. Therefore, it may be important to evaluate these tumors with comprehensive genetic analysis.
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Lingzhi, Zhang. "Analysis on Trade Competitiveness and Trade Complementarity between Uzbekistan and the Member States of Eurasian Economic Union." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 7, no. 2 (2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.72.2001.
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Based on the 2010-2019 United Nations commodity trade data, this paper has calculated the regional revealed comparative advantage index, export similarity index, trade complementarity index and intra-industry trade index of trade between Uzbekistan and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. This paper analyses the competitiveness and complementarity of trade between Uzbekistan and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Uzbekistan and the Eurasian Economic Union member countries have a high degree of similarity in the export of commodities. There is a certain degree of competitiveness in commodities exported to the same market. However, there are differences in the structure of commodity trade among member states. Uzbekistan’s trade complementarity with the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union is distributed in food and live animals (SITC0), mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (SITC3), manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (SITC6), commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC (SITC9). Uzbekistan has strong trade complementarity with Armenia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, but weak trade complementarity with Russia and Kazakhstan.
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Sweeney, Vincent P., Adele D. Sadovnick, and Vilma Brandejs. "Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 1 (February 1986): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100035782.
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ABSTRACT:A province wide prevalence study on multiple sclerosis (MS) was conducted in British Columbia (B.C.). The prevalence date was July 1, 1982. The major portion of this study was a review of all the files of neurologists practicing in B.C. as this was judged to be the most accurate source for identifying MS patients. 239,412 neurologists' files were hand searched by one researcher using modified Schumacher criteria for classification. Other sources used during the study for identifying MS patients were the MS Clinic, general practitioners, ophthalmologists, urologists, specialized facilities such as long term care facilities and rehabilitation centres, and patient self-referrals.A total of 4,620 non-duplicated cases were identified and classified. 4,112 of these (89%) were classified according to information contained in neurologists' records.The prevalence estimate for definite/probable MS in B.C. was 93.3/100,000 population. This increased to 130.5/100,000 population if possible MS and optic neuritis were also included. These rates are among the highest reported in Canada or elsewhere. The cooperation of B.C. neurologists made this study unique in its scope and accuracy of diagnosis.
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Kiss, Katalin, Jukka Malinen, and Timo Tokola. "Forest road quality control using ALS data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 11 (November 2015): 1636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0067.
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Good road conditions are necessary for the smooth transportation of forest machines and products. High-density airborne laser scanning data were used here to determine the quality of road surfaces and ditching systems. Forest roads in Kiihtelysvaara, Finland, were assessed in August 2013. Eight categories (structural condition, seasonal damage, drying, bridges, surface wear, visibility, coppicing, and flatness) have been inventoried and divided into three quality classes: poor, satisfactory, and good. The topographic position index, standardize elevation index, and hydrology tools were used on digital elevation models with different resolutions to test which categories could be derived. The road surface quality was most clearly related to surface wearing and flatness, and the topographic position index described the road surface best at resolutions of 0.20 m and 0.25 m; however, the standardized elevation index was superior at a 0.50 m resolution. The ditching system plays an important role in the drying of roads, and the hydrological tools and land facet analysis were most suitable for identifying the location of ditches and assessing their quality at 0.20 m and 0.25 m resolutions, respectively. The road surface was classified in all resolutions at least 66% correctly, whereas the ditches were classified in all resolutions at least 60% correctly. The results confirm that airborne laser scanning data can be used for obtaining quality information on forest roads.
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Cimino, J. J. "Desiderata for Controlled Medical Vocabularies in the Twenty-First Century." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 04/05 (October 1998): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634558.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBuilders of medical informatics applications need controlled medical vocabularies to support their applications and it is to their advantage to use available standards. In order to do so, however, these standards need to address the requirements of their intended users. Overthe past decade, medical informatics researchers have begun to articulate some of these requirements. This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of “not elsewhere classified” terms, multiple granularities, mUltiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy. Standards developers are beginning to recognize and address these desiderata and adapt their offerings to meet them.