Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrological flux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrological flux"
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Zhou, Wen-Jun, Hua-Zheng Lu, Yi-Ping Zhang, Li-Qing Sha, Douglas Allen Schaefer, Qing-Hai Song, Yun Deng, and Xiao-Bao Deng. "Hydrologically transported dissolved organic carbon influences soil respiration in a tropical rainforest." Biogeosciences 13, no. 19 (October 4, 2016): 5487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5487-2016.
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Abstract. To better understand the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transported by hydrological processes (rainfall, throughfall, litter leachate, and surface soil water; 0–20 cm) on soil respiration in tropical rainforests, we detected the DOC flux in rainfall, throughfall, litter leachate, and surface soil water (0–20 cm), compared the seasonality of δ13CDOC in each hydrological process, and δ13C in leaves, litter, and surface soil, and analysed the throughfall, litter leachate, and surface soil water (0–20 cm) effect on soil respiration in a tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, south-west China. Results showed that the surface soil intercepted 94.4 ± 1.2 % of the annual litter leachate DOC flux and is a sink for DOC. The throughfall and litter leachate DOC fluxes amounted to 6.81 and 7.23 % of the net ecosystem exchange respectively, indicating that the DOC flux through hydrological processes is an important component of the carbon budget, and may be an important link between hydrological processes and soil respiration in a tropical rainforest. Even the variability in soil respiration is more dependent on the hydrologically transported water than DOC flux insignificantly, soil temperature, and soil-water content (at 0–20 cm). The difference in δ13C between the soil, soil water (at 0–20 cm), throughfall, and litter leachate indicated that DOC is transformed in the surface soil and decreased the sensitivity indices of soil respiration of DOC flux to water flux, which suggests that soil respiration is more sensitive to the DOC flux in hydrological processes, especially the soil-water DOC flux, than to soil temperature or soil moisture.
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Brownlee, James, Pallav Ray, Mukul Tewari, and Haochen Tan. "Relative Role of Turbulent and Radiative Flux on the Near-Surface Temperature in a Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model over Houston." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 8 (August 2017): 2173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0088.1.
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AbstractNumerical simulations without hydrological processes tend to overestimate the near-surface temperatures over urban areas. This is presumably due to underestimation of surface latent heat flux. To test this hypothesis, the existing single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is evaluated over Houston, Texas. Three simulations were conducted during 24–26 August 2000. The simulations include the use of the default “BULK” urban scheme, the SLUCM without hydrological processes, and the SLUCM with hydrological processes. The results show that the BULK scheme was least accurate, and it overestimated the near-surface temperatures and winds over the urban regions. In the presence of urban hydrological processes, the SLUCM underestimates these parameters. An analysis of the surface heat fluxes suggests that the error in the BULK scheme is due to a lack of moisture at the urban surface, whereas the error in the SLUCM with hydrological processes is due to increases in moisture at the urban surface. These results confirm earlier studies in which changes in near-surface temperature were primarily due to the changes in the turbulent (latent and sensible heat) fluxes in the presence of hydrological processes. The contribution from radiative flux was about one-third of that from turbulent flux. In the absence of hydrological processes, however, the results indicate that the changes in radiative flux contribute more to the near-surface temperature changes than the turbulent heat flux. The implications of these results are discussed.
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McCormack, T., O. Naughton, P. M. Johnston, and L. W. Gill. "Quantifying the nutrient flux within a lowland karstic catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (October 9, 2015): 10221–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-10221-2015.
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Abstract. Nutrient contamination of surface and groundwaters is an issue of growing importance as the risks associated with agricultural runoff escalate due to increasing demands on global food production. In this study, the nutrient flux occurring within the surface and groundwaters of a lowland karst catchment in western Ireland was investigated with the aid of alkalinity sampling and a hydrological model. Water samples were tested from a variety of rivers, lakes (or turloughs), boreholes and springs at monthly intervals over three years. Alkalinity sampling was used to elucidate the contrasting hydrological functioning between different turloughs. Such disparate hydrological functioning was further investigated with the aid of a hydrological model which allowed for an estimate of allogenic and autogenic derived nutrient loading into the karst system. The model also allowed for an investigation of mixing within the turloughs, comparing observed behaviours with the hypothetical conservative behaviour allowed for by the model. Within the turloughs, nutrient concentrations were found to reduce over the flooded period, even though the turloughs hydrological functioning (and the hydrological model) suggested this should not occur. As such, it was determined that nutrient loss processes were occurring within the system. Denitrification during stable flooded periods (typically 3–4 months per year) was deemed to be the main process reducing nitrogen concentrations within the turloughs whereas phosphorus loss is thought to occur mostly via sedimentation and subsequent soil deposition. The results from this study suggest that, in stable conditions, ephemeral lakes can impart considerable nutrient losses on a karst groundwater system.
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McCormack, T., O. Naughton, P. M. Johnston, and L. W. Gill. "Quantifying the nutrient flux within a lowland karstic catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2015): 93–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-93-2015.
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Abstract. Nutrient contamination of surface and groundwaters is an issue of growing importance as the risks associated with agricultural runoff escalate due to increasing demands on global food production. In this study, the nutrient flux occurring within the surface and groundwaters of a lowland karst catchment in western Ireland was investigated with the aid of alkalinity sampling and a hydrological model. Water samples were collected and tested from a variety of rivers, lakes (or turloughs), boreholes and springs at monthly intervals over a three year period. Alkalinity sampling was used to elucidate the contrasting hydrological functioning between different turloughs. Such disparate hydrological functioning was further investigated with the aid of a hydrological model which allowed for an estimate of allogenic and autogenic derived nutrient loading into the karst system. The model also allowed for an investigation of mixing within the turloughs, comparing observed behaviours with the hypothetical conservative behaviour allowed for by the model. Results indicated that at the system outlet to the sea, autogenic recharge had added approximately 35% to the total flow and approximately 85% to the total N-load. Within some turloughs, nutrient loads were found to reduce over the flooded period, even though the turloughs hydrological functioning (and the hydrological model) suggested this should not occur. As such, it was determined that nutrient loss processes were occurring within the system. Denitrification was deemed to be the main process reducing nitrogen concentrations within the turloughs whereas phosphorus loss is thought to occur mostly within the diffuse/epikarst zone.
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Peters-Lidard, Christa D., Martyn Clark, Luis Samaniego, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Tim van Emmerik, Remko Uijlenhoet, Kevin Achieng, Trenton E. Franz, and Ross Woods. "Scaling, similarity, and the fourth paradigm for hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 7 (July 20, 2017): 3701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3701-2017.
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Abstract. In this synthesis paper addressing hydrologic scaling and similarity, we posit that roadblocks in the search for universal laws of hydrology are hindered by our focus on computational simulation (the third paradigm) and assert that it is time for hydrology to embrace a fourth paradigm of data-intensive science. Advances in information-based hydrologic science, coupled with an explosion of hydrologic data and advances in parameter estimation and modeling, have laid the foundation for a data-driven framework for scrutinizing hydrological scaling and similarity hypotheses. We summarize important scaling and similarity concepts (hypotheses) that require testing; describe a mutual information framework for testing these hypotheses; describe boundary condition, state, flux, and parameter data requirements across scales to support testing these hypotheses; and discuss some challenges to overcome while pursuing the fourth hydrological paradigm. We call upon the hydrologic sciences community to develop a focused effort towards adopting the fourth paradigm and apply this to outstanding challenges in scaling and similarity.
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Branfireun, B. A., and N. T. Roulet. "Controls on the fate and transport of methylmercury in a boreal headwater catchment, northwestern Ontario, Canada." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 4 (August 31, 2002): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-785-2002.
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Abstract. The fate and transport of methylmercury (MeHg) were studied in a small boreal catchment. Hydrological processes largely govern the magnitude of the flux of MeHg. Seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrology produce variable source strengths of MeHg throughout the catchment. The mass flux of MeHg within, and from the catchment is dependent on the mass flux of water and the relative placement of landscape units in the catchment hydrological cascade. Hydrology also governs the maintenance of the methylating environments in the catchment. Specifically, hydrological processes maintain zones of anoxia in both the catchment uplands and peatlands that support obligate anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria. In addition, groundwater flow paths are an essential control on the delivery of sulphate to these bacteria that facilitate in situ mercury methylation. Keywords: methylmercury, methylation, hydrology, boreal catchment, peatland, Ontario, Canada
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Antico, Andrés, Olivier Marchal, Lawrence A. Mysak, and Françoise Vimeux. "Milankovitch Forcing and Meridional Moisture Flux in the Atmosphere: Insight from a Zonally Averaged Ocean–Atmosphere Model." Journal of Climate 23, no. 18 (September 15, 2010): 4841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3273.1.
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Abstract A 1-Myr-long time-dependent solution of a zonally averaged ocean–atmosphere model subject to Milankovitch forcing is examined to gain insight into long-term changes in the planetary-scale meridional moisture flux in the atmosphere. The model components are a one-dimensional (latitudinal) atmospheric energy balance model with an active hydrological cycle and an ocean circulation model representing four basins (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans). This study finds that the inclusion of an active hydrological cycle does not significantly modify the responses of annual-mean air and ocean temperatures to Milankovitch forcing found in previous integrations with a fixed hydrological cycle. Likewise, the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean is not significantly affected by hydrological changes. Rather, it mainly responds to precessionally driven variations of ocean temperature in subsurface layers (between 70- and 500-m depth) of this basin. On the other hand, annual and zonal means of evaporation rate and meridional flux of moisture in the atmosphere respond notably to obliquity-driven changes in the meridional gradient of annual-mean insolation. Thus, when obliquity is decreased (increased), the meridional moisture flux in the atmosphere is intensified (weakened). This hydrological response is consistent with deuterium excess records from polar ice cores, which are characterized by dominant obliquity cycles.
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SHIMIZU, Yuta, Shin-ichi ONODERA, and Kenji MATSUMORI. "Estimating nitrogen flux from a watershed using hydrological model." Journal of Japanese Association of Hydrological Sciences 44, no. 4 (2014): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4145/jahs.44.207.
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Quinn, P. F., B. Ostendorf, K. Beven, and J. Tenhunen. "Spatial and temporal predictions of soil moisture patterns and evaporative losses using TOPMODEL and the GASFLUX model for an Alaskan catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-2-51-1998.
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Abstract. By using topographic indices as derived from a Digital Terrain Models (DTM), it is possible to represent the heterogeneity within a landscape. This heterogeneity can reflect both long term evolutionary patterns seen in a landscape and the short term forcing of flow dynamics during storm events. By spatial analysis, the linkage between the geomorphological- hydrological-plant physiological phenomena can be examined. In this study, a direct link will be established between the topographically-driven hydrological phenomena and the eco-physiological response. The topographic distribution function of TOPMODEL is used to control the spatial and temporal flux of the channel flow and water table. The plant physiological model GAS-FLUX is used to give a spatially and temporally dissaggregated species-sensitive estimate of evapotranspiration flux. Evapotranspiration is sensitive to the vegetation phonology, to tundra community physiology and to the temperature regime. A simple linking of TOPMODEL and the GAS-FLUX model is applied to a summer snow-free period to the Imnavait catchment, Alaska (2.2 km2). A species-sensitive evapotranspiration model proved to give the highest quality results when validated against flow observations. Predicted dynamics of variable source area and the component hydrological processes are illustrated.
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Johansson, Markus, Saija Saarni, and Jouni Sorvari. "Ultra-High-Resolution Monitoring of the Catchment Response to Changing Weather Conditions Using Online Sediment Trapping." Quaternary 2, no. 2 (May 12, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2020018.
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The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between meteorological and hydrological observations and sediment flux rate changes, in order to better understand catchment dynamics. The meteorological and hydrological observations included local air temperature, wind speed, water temperature, and ice cover, while the sediment flux rate was observed in the lake basin using a modified sediment trap technique. This study demonstrates the advantages of a new online methodology applied in conventional sediment trapping to obtain flux rate information with daily resolution. A prototype of a high-resolution online sediment trap was tested in Savilahti Bay, Lake Kallavesi, eastern Finland, during the period from 22 October 2017 to 6 October 2018. The daily resolutions of meteorological, hydrological, and sediment flux rate data were analyzed using statistical methods. The results indicate relationships between temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and sediment flux rate, but the urban site also showed erosional changes due to anthropogenic land use. Sediment flux ceased during winter season and spring floods were recorded as pronounced peaks in sediment flux, while the growing season showed generally higher sediment accumulation rates. This research also provides valuable information on the catchment response to short-term weather events. The influence of a storm led to larger sediment flux for several days. The importance of wind speed and frost formation on sedimentation, which has been difficult to address due to trap deployment times of typically several months, is now supported. Used together with varved sediment archives, online sediment trapping will facilitate the interpretation of paleoclimatic proxy records and modeling of detailed weather and erosion conditions that are related to climate change.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrological flux"
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Sabetraftar, Karim, and Karim Sabetraftar@anu edu au. "The hydrological flux of organic carbon at the catchment scale: a case study in the Cotter River catchment, Australia." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070502.141450.
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Existing terrestrial carbon accounting models have mainly investigated atmosphere-vegetationsoil
stocks and fluxes but have largely ignored the hydrological flux of organic carbon. It is
generally assumed that biomass and soil carbon are the only relevant pools in a landscape
ecosystem. However, recent findings have suggested that significant amounts of organic carbon
can dissolve (dissolved organic carbon or DOC) or particulate (particulate organic carbon or
POC) in water and enter the hydrological flux at the catchment scale. A significant quantity of
total organic carbon (TOC) sequestered through photosynthesis may be exported from the
landscape through the hydrological flux and stored in downstream stocks.¶
This thesis presents a catchment-scale case study investigation into the export of organic carbon
through a river system in comparison with carbon that is produced by vegetation through
photosynthesis. The Cotter River Catchment was selected as the case study. It is a forested
catchment that experienced a major wildfire event in January 2003. The approach is based on an
integration of a number of models. The main input data were time series of in-stream carbon
measurements and remotely sensed vegetation greenness. The application of models to
investigate diffuse chemical substances has dramatically increased in the past few years because
of the significant role of hydrology in controlling ecosystem exchange. The research firstly
discusses the use of a hydrological simulation model (IHACRES) to analyse organic carbon
samples from stream and tributaries in the Cotter River Catchment case study. The IHACRES
rainfall-runoff model and a regionalization method are used to estimate stream-flow for the 75
sub-catchments. The simulated streamflow data were used to calculate organic carbon loads
from concentrations sampled at five locations in the catchment.¶
The gross primary productivity (GPP) of the vegetation cover in the catchment was estimated
using a radiation use efficiency (RUE) model driven by MODIS TERRA data on vegetation
greenness and modeled surface irradiance (RS). The relationship between total organic carbon
discharged in-stream and total carbon uptake by plants was assessed using a cross-correlation
analysis.¶
The IHACRES rainfall-runoff model was successfully calibrated at three gauged sites and
performed well. The results of the calibration procedure were used in the regionalization method
that enabled streamflow to be estimated at ungauged locations including the seven sampling
sites and the 75 sub-catchment areas. The IHACRES modelling approach was found appropriate
for investigating a wide range of issues related to the hydrological export of organic carbon at
the catchment scale. A weekly sampling program was implemented to provide estimates of
TOC, DOC and POC concentrations in the Cotter River Catchment between July 2003 and June
2004. The organic carbon load was estimated using an averaging method.¶
The rate of photosynthesis by vegetation (GPP) was successfully estimated using the radiation
use efficiency model to discern general patterns of vegetation productivity at sub-catchment
scales. This analysis required detailed spatial resolution of the GPP across the entire catchment
area (comprising 75 sub-catchment areas) in addition to the sampling locations. Important
factors that varied at the catchment scale during the sampling period July 2003 June 2004,
particularly the wildfire impacts, were also considered in this assessment.
¶
The results of the hydrologic modelling approach and terrestrial GPP outcome were compared
using cross correlation and regression analysis. This comparison revealed the likely proportion
of catchment GPP that contributes to in-stream hydrological flux of organic carbon. TOC Load
was 0.45% of GPP and 22.5 - 25% of litter layer. As a result of this investigation and giving due
consideration to the uncertainties in the approach, it can be concluded that the hydrological flux
of organic carbon in a forested catchment is a function of gross primary productivity.
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Sabetraftar, Karim. "The hydrological flux of organic carbon at the catchment scale : a case study in the Cotter River Catchment, Australia /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20070502.141450/index.html.
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Lundmark, Kim. "The spatial variability of salinity and water flux estimates in Gialova Lagoon, Greece." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-161341.
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Lagoons are coastal waterbodies which are sensitive to meteorological and hydrological changes. This study focused on the spatial distribution of salinity in Gialova lagoon, Greece. The area in which the lagoon is located is under pressure from agriculture and truism in the area. Besides that, the lagoon is an important stop for migratory birds as well as the home for rare species. To investigate how salinity is distributed in the lagoon a salinity gradient was produced. Also, an attempt was made to model the salt and fresh water fluxes in the lagoon using a mass balance approach. The water fluxes are either from fresh water sources or influx of saline water from the sea. Manual electric conductivity measurements were taken during a field campaign to the lagoon. Time series data used in the model was obtained from stations in the lagoon and the surroundings. An investigation in how the lagoon measurement station differ in salinity was also performed in this study. Results from the gradient map and manual measurements show that the water in the lagoon is the freshest in the North-Eastern parts and the most saline to the South-West. The modelled water fluxes show an inverse relationship from each other. High fresh water fluxes correspond to precipitation events, lower salinity concentration. Whereas high salt water fluxes correspond to high salinity concentration and lowered precipitation. The stations concentrated to the middle lagoon show corresponding values in salinity whereas the station to the South-West differs. The canal surrounding the lagoon shows interactions since measurements show that the water is brackish. A longer time series could provide patterns in water fluxes over time. Trying to find the portions of terrestrial groundwater and surface water, and further investigation of the regional aquifer could provide new information to develop this model. The region is expected to experience water stress which makes further studies and monitoring important.
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Pezet, Florent. "Bilans et transferts de phosphore dans le bassin versant du lac du Bourget : caractérisation, interprétation et modélisation des flux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA006/document.
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Les eaux résiduaires urbaines du bassin versant du lac du Bourget sont largement collectées et traitées. Les gestionnaires du lac s'interrogent, dans le contexte de l'évolution climatique et de l'évolution des usages des sols, sur l'impact et les modalités de maîtrise des pertes en phosphore et en particulier de la contribution des sources diffuses d'origine agricole. La thèse vise à modéliser les régimes d'exportation du phosphore vers le lac, dans la perspective de tester des scénarios de maîtrise des flux. Elle s'inscrit dans un dispositif de recherche opérationnelle CIFRE entre le bureau d'étude SAFEGE et l'UMR CARRTEL, en partenariat avec le CISALB (Comité Intersyndical pour l'Assainissement du Lac du Bourget). Dans ce cadre, deux sous bassins versants expérimentaux emboîtés représentatifs de la géographie du bassin du Bourget, (l'un rural dominé par l'élevage laitier de 250 ha, l'autre périurbain et agricole de 6800 ha) ont été équipés et suivis à leur exutoire durant une période de 18 mois. Les suivis hydrochimiques ont permis une caractérisation qualitative et quantitative des régimes d'exportations à l'exutoire de chaque bassin versant (flux hydrologique, de matières en suspension, du phosphore total, particulaire, et dissous, et de certaines formes d'azote – nitrate, ammonium). Ces flux ont été modélisés à l'aide du modèle SWAT. Pour rendre compte de certains processus spécifiques de mobilisation et de transfert de la charge en phosphore, des développements ont été mis en œuvre (extension de l'aire de saturation des sols en relation avec la mise en charge des nappes, stockages transitoires, remobilisations au sein du réseau hydrographique) qui constituent une des principales avancées de la thèse. Les résultats obtenus apportent une amélioration des connaissances scientifiques sur les mécanismes de transfert du phosphore. Les développements en termes de modélisation constituent un outil adapté pour accompagner la mise en place d'un plan d'actions visant la réduction des flux de phosphore parvenant au lac du Bourget, ceci dans la perspective des évolutions climatiquesUrban wastewater are now widely collected and treated. Many questions still remain about the impact of climatic or anthropic evolution on the mobilisation and the transfer of phosphorus to Lake Bourget. This work deals with hydrological and nutrient modelling to understand phosphorus mobilization and transfers processes and to test mitigation options. Thesis is supported by a CIFRE agreement between SAFEGE office and UMR CARRTEL, in partnership with the CISALB. In this context, 2 experimental watersheds nested and variable in land uses (one agricultural of 250 ha, the other suburban and agricultural of 6,800 ha) were instrumented and followed at their outlet over a period of 18 months (continuous measurement of flow and some key parameters of physico-chemical water quality). Hydro-chemical measurements led to a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the exports regime at the outlet of each watershed (water flow, suspended solids, some forms of phosphorus – total, particulate, dissolved - and nitrogen). The exports were then modeled. To account for some specifics processes of mobilization and transfer of phosphorus (variable source areas, "in-stream" processes), some developments of the SWAT model were implemented. IIn this context, this works provides an improved scientific understanding of the mechanisms of transfer of phosphorus. Modeling tool can support the development of mitigation options for best management practices included in the framework of the "Lake Bourget watershed contract"
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Douinot, Audrey. "Analyse des processus d'écoulement lors de crues à cinétique rapide sur l'arc méditerranéen." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30265/document.
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L'objectif de la thèse est d'améliorer la compréhension des processus hydrologiques lors des événements de crues éclair. Se basant sur un modèle existant (MARINE), l'étude se concentre sur les processus internes au sol. Une étape préliminaire permet, à partir de l'analyse des données, de confirmer l'activité du socle rocheux durant les crues éclair. Une analyse structurelle de MARINE est réalisée, afin de connaître la sensibilité des flux de subsurface aux choix structurels. Une nouvelle modélisation, plus robuste et intégrant explicitement une représentation des roches altérées, est mise en place. Supposant des chemins préférentiels à l'interface sol/roche, le modèle donne une bonne reproduction des bassins sédimentaires. Sur les bassins granitiques, il sous-estime les récessions et, en conséquence, les éventuels seconds pics de crue, montrant la nécessité de représenter des flux significatifs sur ces bassins, y compris dans la zone altéréeThe purpose of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of hydrological processes during flash flood events using rainfall-runoff modelling. The project focuses on hydrological processes occurring into soil and subsoil horizons. A preliminary data analysis corroborates the activity of the weathered bedrock during flash floods. The hydrological response, simulated by the MARINE model, is then investigated to detect the sensitivity of subsurface flow processes to model assumptions. It leads to several modifications of the model structure in order to make it more robust. Moreover a two-layered soil column is implemented to explicitly integrate the activity of the weathered bedrock into the model. Assuming preferential path flows at the soil-bedrock interface, the model performs well on sedimentary watersheds, but underestimate recession curves and second flood peaks on granitic ones, showing the need to simulate as well significantcontribution from the weathered bedrock
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Grusson, Youen. "Modélisation de l’évolution hydroclimatique des flux et stocks d’eau verte et d’eau bleue du bassin versant de la Garonne." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15995/1/Grusson_1.pdf.
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La gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau implique de distinguer les parcours de l’eau qui sont accessibles aux sociétés de ceux qui ne le sont pas. Les cheminements de l’eau sont nombreux et fortement variables d’un lieu à l’autre. Il est possible de simplifier cette question en s’attardant plutôt aux deux destinations de l’eau. L’eau bleue forme les réserves et les flux dans l’hydrosystème : cours d’eau, nappes et écoulements souterrains. L’eau verte est le flux invisible de vapeur d’eau qui rejoint l’atmosphère. Elle inclut l’eau consommée par les plantes et l’eau dans les sols. Or, un grand nombre d’études ne portent que sur un seul type d’eau bleue, en ne s’intéressant généralement qu’au devenir des débits ou, plus rarement, à la recharge des nappes. Le portrait global est alors manquant. Dans un même temps, les changements climatiques viennent impacter ce cheminement de l’eau en faisant varier de manière distincte les différents composants de cycle hydrologique. L’étude réalisée ici utilise l’outil de modélisation SWAT afin de réaliser le suivi de toutes les composantes du cycle hydrologique et de quantifier l’impact des changements climatiques sur l’hydrosystème du bassin versant de la Garonne. Une première partie du travail a permis d’affiner la mise en place du modèle pour répondre au mieux à la problématique posée. Un soin particulier a été apporté à l’utilisation de données météorologiques sur grille (SAFRAN) ainsi qu’à la prise en compte de la neige sur les reliefs. Le calage des paramètres du modèle a été testé dans un contexte differential split sampling, en calant puis validant sur des années contrastées en terme climatique afin d’appréhender la robustesse de la simulation dans un contexte de changements climatiques. Cette étape a permis une amélioration substantielle des performances sur la période de calage (2000-2010) ainsi que la mise en évidence de la stabilité du modèle face aux changements climatiques. Par suite, des simulations sur une période d’un siècle (1960-2050) ont été produites puis analysées en deux phases : i) La période passée (1960-2000), basée sur les observations climatiques, a servi de période de validation à long terme du modèle sur la simulation des débits, avec de très bonnes performances. L’analyse des différents composants hydrologiques met en évidence un impact fort sur les flux et stocks d’eau verte, avec une diminution de la teneur en eau des sols et une augmentation importante de l’évapotranspiration. Les composantes de l’eau bleue sont principalement perturbées au niveau du stock de neige et des débits qui présentent tous les deux une baisse substantielle. ii) Des projections hydrologiques ont été réalisées (2010-2050) en sélectionnant une gamme de scénarios et de modèles climatiques issus d’une mise à l’échelle dynamique. L’analyse de simulation vient en bonne part confirmer les conclusions tirées de la période passée : un impact important sur l’eau verte, avec toujours une baisse de la teneur en eau des sols et une augmentation de l’évapotranspiration potentielle. Les simulations montrent que la teneur en eau des sols pendant la période estivale est telle qu’elle en vient à réduire les flux d’évapotranspiration réelle, mettant en évidence le possible déficit futur des stocks d’eau verte. En outre, si l’analyse des composantes de l’eau bleue montre toujours une diminution significative du stock de neige, les débits semblent cette fois en hausse pendant l’automne et l’hiver. Ces résultats sont un signe de l’«accélération» des composantes d’eau bleue de surface, probablement en relation avec l’augmentation des évènements extrêmes de précipitation. Ce travail a permis de réaliser une analyse des variations de la plupart des composantes du cycle hydrologique à l’échelle d’un bassin versant, confirmant l’importance de prendre en compte toutes ces composantes pour évaluer l’impact des changements climatiques et plus largement des changements environnementaux sur la ressource en eau.
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Stielstra, Clare M. "Quantifying the Role of Hydrologic Variability in Soil Carbon Flux." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238914.
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Soil carbon (C) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool. While inputs to this system are fairly well constrained, the diverse factors driving soil C efflux remain poorly understood. Carbon in surface soils is mobilized via two distinct pathways: CO₂ gas flux and dissolved C flux. The goal of this study was to quantify the role of hydrologic variability in mobilizing carbon as gaseous and dissolved fluxes from near-surface soils, and to determine their relative magnitudes. Data were collected through 2010 and 2011 from two subalpine sites in Arizona and New Mexico. I observed no significant variability in dissolved fluxes, and these values were low at all sites. In contrast, CO₂ fluxes were large (from 0.22 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to 5.27 g C m⁻² d⁻¹) and varied between sites and between years. My results suggest that in arid montane forests soil carbon flux is critically linked to water availability.
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Leite, Nei Kavaguichi. "Fluxo de nutrientes em um fragmento de mata ciliar no estado de Rondônia, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-22032012-151049/.
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Para identificar a importância ecológica das matas ciliares é essencial conhecer a interação entre sua hidrologia e ciclagem de nutrientes. Isto se torna ainda mais crucial diante das crescentes transformações na paisagem causadas pelo homem, que têm promovido forte antropização destas formações florestais. O estudo foi conduzido em uma floresta ribeirinha sazonalmente alagada na região sudoeste da Amazônia entre os anos de 2005 e 2007. Foram medidas as principais vias hidrológicas: chuva, precipitação interna, escoamento pelo tronco, escoamento superficial, solução do solo e água subterrânea, além do rio Urupá. Em todas foram realizadas análises químicas para determinação das concentrações de C, N e macronutrientes (cátions/ânions). A mata ciliar apresenta solos ácidos, bem estruturados, pobres em nutrientes e com um eficiente mecanismo de retenção nas camadas superficiais, associado à distribuição da matéria orgânica, absorção por raízes finas ou retenção pelos complexos de troca do solo. Os estoques de nutrientes no solo estão dentro da faixa de valores observada em outros estudos na Amazônia, apresentando baixa fertilidade. A região estudada apresenta altos índices pluviométricos (em torno de 2125 mm), com um regime de sazonalidade bem definido (apresentando déficit hídrico entre maio e setembro). A partição da chuva na mata ciliar ocorre com 15% de interceptação pelo dossel e o restante sendo distribuído entre a precipitação interna (83%) e escoamento pelo tronco (2%). A lixiviação de nutrientes pelo dossel foi observada para a maioria dos elementos avaliados, excetuando Na+ e Cl-, confirmando o importante papel do dossel em suprir nutrientes para a mata ciliar. Este enriquecimento também é influenciado pela queima de biomassa durante a transição do período seco para o chuvoso. A contribuição do escoamento pelo tronco foi essencial, principalmente para NO3- e cátions básicos, evidenciando a importância da inclusão desta via hidrológica na rotina de amostragens em estudos de ciclagem de nutrientes em florestas. Os fluxos no solo foram maiores na camada superficial, principalmente em função da entrada da rica solução da precipitação interna, sendo sua contribuição extremamente alta para K+, Carbono Orgânico Dissolvido (COD), PO43-, NH4+ e SO42-. Alguns elementos apresentaram indícios de lixiviação durante os meses mais chuvosos, enquanto o Na+ apresentou lixiviação durante o ano inteiro, em função da natureza conservativa deste elemento. A retenção das bases observada no solo pode estar associada com a absorção pelas raízes, adsorção pelas fases minerais e orgânicas do solo ou ainda pela retenção de ânions, que também foi observada. A relação entre os íons e a descarga do rio Urupá gerou uma histerese em sentido horário, indicando uma importante contribuição do fluxo lateral (escoamento superficial), e evidenciando a importante conectividade entre a mata ciliar e o rio Urupá. A maioria dos elementos apresentou balanço positivo (Ca2+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- e COD) ou próximo do equilíbrio (Mg2+, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-), com exceção do Na+. Estes resultados indicam que a floresta estudada apresenta um eficiente mecanismo de conservação dos nutrientes em seus solos, uma baixa contribuição da ciclagem geoquímica (intemperismo de rochas) e forte controle da atmosfera e dossel florestal caracterizando um ciclo relativamente fechadoTo identify the ecological importance of riparian forests is crucial to evaluate the interactions between its hydrology and nutrient cycling. This becomes more important due to fast changes in landscape promoted by mankind, which has been causing strong anthropization of these forests. The present study was conducted on a seasonal flooded riparian forest in the Southwestern Amazonia between 2005-2007. Main hydrological flowpaths (rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, overland flow, soil solution, groundwater and the Urupá riverwater) were sampled and posteriorly analyzed for C, N and macronutrients (cations/anions). Riparian forest soils are acid, well structured, poor in nutrients and with an efficient retention mechanism at the surface layers, which is linked to organic matter distribution, fine roots absorption, or retention by soil exchange complexes. Soil nutrient stocks are within the range of values usually observed in other studies in the Amazon region, revealing low fertility. The studied region exhibit high annual rainfall (around 2125 mm), with a marked seasonality (drought stress from May to September) and rain partitioning in the riparian forest divided into 15% of canopy interception and the remaining distributed between throughfall (83%) and stemflow (2%). Nutrient leaching from the canopy was observed for most elements, except Na+ and Cl-, confirming the important role of the canopy in supplying nutrients to the riparian forest. This enrichment is also influenced by biomass burning during the transition between dry to wet season. Stemflow contribution was essential, especially for NO3- and base cations, showing the necessity to include this flowpath in routine sampling in nutrient cycling studies. The highest soil fluxes were observed at the surface layer as a result of enriched inputs from throughfall, especially for K+, Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), PO43-, NH4+ e SO42-. Some elements exhibited leaching during wetter months, whereas Na+ has leached throughout the year, as a function of the conservative nature of this element. Base retention in soils may be linked to root absorption, sorption by organic and mineral soil phases, or anions retention, which was also observed in this study. The relation between ions and Urupá river discharge exhibited a clockwise hysteresis, suggesting an important lateral flow (overland flow) contribution and the connectivity between the riparian forest and Urupá River. Most elements had positive budgets (Ca2+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- e COD) or were close to neutral balance (Mg2+, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-), except Na+. The results point out efficient nutrient retention mechanisms in these soils, low contribution from geochemical cycling (rock weathering) and a strong control from the atmosphere and forest canopy, characterizing a relatively close nutrient cycling
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Gelwick, Katrina D. "Full of Hot Air: Heat Flow at the Medicine Lake Volcano Hot Spot, Modoc County, California." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1398936533.
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Alves, Josà Maria Brabo. "ESTUDO DO REGIME HIDROLÃGICO NO SEMI-ÃRIDO BRASILEIRO POR MODELAGEM DINÃMICA ACOPLADA: APLICAÃÃO EM GERENCIAMENTO DE RESERVATÃRIOS." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2246.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃA premissa pelo uso racional da Ãgua tem demandado informaÃÃes em escalas de espaÃo e tempo cada vez menores. Neste estudo investiga-se a sensibilidade da simulaÃÃo climÃtica de um downscaling dinÃmico de precipitaÃÃo (1971-2000) acoplado a um modelo chuva-vazÃo e sua aplicaÃÃo na operaÃÃo de um reservatÃrio hÃdrico na regiÃo semi-Ãrida do Estado do CearÃ. Foi dada uma Ãnfase a escala intrasazonal (abaixo de um mÃs) em anos de contrastess climÃticos classificados como de La NiÃa, El NiÃo e Normais ocorridos no Oceano PacÃfico Tropical. Foram usados o modelo de circulaÃÃo geral da atmosfera ECHAM4.5, e o modelo regional, denominado de Modelo Regional Espectral (MRE), versÃo 97, do National Centers for Atmospheric Prediction- NCEP. O MRE foi aninhado aos dados simulados pelo ECHAM4.5 tendo como condiÃÃo de contorno a Temperatura da SuperfÃcie do Mar observada no perÃodo de janeiro a junho de 1971-2000. Para a estimativa de vazÃo foi usado o modelo SMAP. Entre os principais resultados citam-se: apÃs a correÃÃo pela tÃcnica das Probability Density Functions (PDFs), os dados simulados pelo MRE, conseguiram capturar melhor a variabilidade diÃria da precipitaÃÃo no posto fluviomÃtrico de Iguatu, mÃdia entre 01 de janeiro e 30 de junho. A explicaÃÃo da variÃncia antes da correÃÃo foi de menos de 5%, passando a em torno de 40% apÃs as correÃÃes pelas PDFs. As simulaÃÃes de vazÃo, analisadas pela explicaÃÃo da variÃncia, coeficiente de correlaÃÃo ao quadrado, mostraram que hà um ganho de explicaÃÃo desta variÃncia de duas ou mais vezes, quando se compara esta explicaÃÃo em relaÃÃo à precipitaÃÃo. Este ganho foi observado tanto para perÃodos diÃrios, pentadais e quinzenais e para todo o perÃodo (1971-2000). Mais de 70% do sinal das anomalias pentadais de vazÃo foram bem simulados. SimulaÃÃes de volume de um reservatÃrio hipotÃtico (com as caracterÃsticas do AÃude OrÃs), com volume inicial V0=0,25k (capacidade mÃxima - 1940 hm3), 0,50k e 0,75k, mostraram que hà potencial do uso dessa informaÃÃo de precipitaÃÃo em cascata com o modelo chuva-vazÃo, em particular para os anos classificados como Normais. A explicaÃÃo da variÃncia entre os volumes simulados e observados diÃrios, para os meses de janeiro a junho, para estes anos Normais tiveram resultados mais expressivos. Esta ficou torno ou mais de 80%. Em sÃntese, os resultados evidenciaram o potencial de uso da simulaÃÃo acoplada da modelagem dinÃmica atmosfÃrica com a modelagem hidrolÃgica associada à operaÃÃo do reservatÃrio.
The premiss for the rational use of water has demanded information on smaller space and time scales. This study investigates the sensitivity of climate simulation of a dynamic downscaling of precipitation (1971-2000) coupled to a rain-flow model and its application to the operation of a water reservoir in the semi-arid region of Cearà State. Emphasis was given to intra seasonal scale (smaller than a month) in years of climatic contrasts classified with La NiÃa, El NiÃo and Normals (averaged) in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. We used atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM4.5, and the Regional Spectral Model (RMS), version 97 of National Center for Atmospheric Prediction-NCEP. The RSM was nested with data simulated by ECHAM4.5, taking as boundary condition the sea surface temperature observed in the period January to June 1971-2000. For estimating streamflow we rate used the SMAP model. Results show that after the technique of Probability Density Functions (PDFs) correction, the simulation by RSM, best captured daily variability of precipitation at fluviometric post of Iguatu, average, from 01 January to 30 June. The explaned variance before the correction was less than 5%, rising to around 40% after the correction by PDFs. The simulations of streamflow, analyzed by the explaned variance, square of correlation coefficient, shows that there is a two or more gain of explaned this variance, as compared with explanation to streamflow in relation to rainfall. This gain is observed for all periods (daily and accumulated five and fifteen days), and for the entire period (1971-2000). More than 70% pentads anomalies of stramflow were well simulated. Simulations of volume of a hypothetical reservoir (with the characteristics of the OrÃs Dam) with initial volum V0 = 0.25k ( maxim capacity - 1940 hm3), 0.50k and 0.75k, showed that there is the potential use of that cascade information of precipitation with rain-flow model, in particular for averaged years classified. The explanation of the variance between simulated and observed daily volumes for the months of January to June, for these years Normal results was more expressive. This was about 80%. In summary, the results showed the potential for use of coupled simulation model between atmospheric modeling water associated with the reservoir operation.
Books on the topic "Hydrological flux"
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Jan, Paegle, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Impact of analysis uncertainty upon regional atmospheric moisture flux: [final report, 22 Sep. 1993 - 31 Dec. 1994]. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hydrological flux"
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Oladapo, Olukunle Olaonipekun, Leonard Kofitse Amekudzi, Olatunde Micheal Oni, Abraham Adewale Aremu, and Marian Amoakowaah Osei. "Climate Change Impact on Soil Moisture Variability: Health Effects of Radon Flux Density Within Ogbomoso, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 437–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_201.
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AbstractClimate affects the quantity of soil moisture within the surface of the earth and this is obtained by affecting the amount of radon flux density escaping from the land surface. This chapter contains the evaluation of climate change conditions as it affects the variability of soil water for the purpose of estimating the health effects of radon flux density within Ogbomoso metropolis. The simulated soil moisture content around Ogbomoso was done for a period of 34 years using the hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The calibration and validation of the SWAT model was done using the daily observed soil moisture content. The simulated daily soil moisture within Ogbomoso showed good performance when calibrated and validated. A 20 years prediction of the daily soil moisture content was done using the SWAT model. The estimation of the radon flux density for the study area was obtained using the simulated soil temperature and soil moisture from the SWAT model. In this chapter, the UNSCEAR radon flux formula was used for the radon flux estimate. The result showed that the UNSCEAR radon flux formula performed well in estimating the radon flux density in the study area. The mean value of the radon flux density of 15.09 mBqm−2 s−1 falls below the estimated world average of 33 mBqm−2 s−1 by UNSCEAR stipulated for land surface. The results showed that Ogbomoso region is not prone to high risk of radon exposure to the public. The estimation of the radon flux density value suggested that there is no radiological health hazard such as lung cancer or any other respiratory tract diseases to the inhabitant of Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
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Tanaka, Tadashi. "Effects of the Canopy Hydrologic Flux on Groundwater." In Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry, 499–518. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5_25.
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Pandey, S. K., Chiranjivi Jayaram, A. N. V. Satyanarayana, V. M. Chowdary, and C. S. Jha. "Assessment of Hydrologic Flux from the Haldi Catchment into Hooghly Estuary, India." In Geospatial Technologies for Land and Water Resources Management, 255–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90479-1_16.
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Benaradj, Abdelkrim, Hafidha Boucherit, Abdelkader Bouderbala, and Okkacha Hasnaoui. "Biophysical Effects of Evapotranspiration on Steppe Areas: A Case Study in Naâma Region (Algeria)." In Climate Issues in Asia and Africa - Examining Climate, Its Flux, the Consequences, and Society's Responses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97614.
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The Algerian steppe is of great interest in terms of vegetation, mainly in the Naâma region. This steppe vegetation is generally composed of annual and perennial grasses and other herbaceous plants, as well as, bushes and small trees. It is characterized by an arid Mediterranean climate where the average annual precipitation (100 to 250 mm) is insufficient to ensure the maintenance of the vegetation, in which the potential evaporation always exceeds the precipitations. This aridity has strong hydrological effect and edaphic implications from which it is inseparable. Water losses are great than gains due to the evaporation and transpiration from plants (evapotranspiration). The wind moves soils for one location to another, and causes a strong evapotranspiration of the plants, which is explained by a strong chronic water deficit of climatic origin of these compared to the potential evapotranspiration, opposed to a humid climate. Evapotranspiration is certainly closely linked to climate factors (solar radiation, temperature, wind, etc.), but it also depends on the natural environment of the studied region. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) data estimated from Thornthwaite’s method for the three stations (Mécheria, Naâma and Ainsefra). The average annual value of potential evapotranspiration is of the order of 807 mm in Mécheria, of 795 mm in Naâma de and in Ainsefra of 847 mm. It is more than 3 times greater than the value of the rainfall received. This propels it globally in the aridity of the region and from which the water balance of plants is in deficit. The potential evapotranspiration of vegetation in arid areas is very important due to high temperature and sunshine. During the cold season, precipitation covers the needs of the potential evapotranspiration and allows the formation of the useful reserve from which the emergence of vegetation. From the month of April there is an exhaustion of the useful reserve which results of progressive deficit of vegetation. Faced with this phenomenon of evatranspiration, the steppe vegetation of the region then invests in “survival” by reducing the phenomena of evapotranspiration, photosynthetic leaf surfaces, in times of drought. These ecophysiological relationships can largely explain the adaptation of steppe species (low woody and herbaceous plants) to the arid Mediterranean climate. Mechanisms and diverse modalities were allowing them to effectively resist for this phenomenon. The adaptation of the steppe vegetation by the presence of a root system with vertical or horizontal growth or both and seems to depend on the environmental conditions, and by the reduction of the surface of transpiration, and by the fall or the rolling up of the leaves, and by a seasonal reduction of transpiration surface of the plant to reduce water losses during the dry season (more than 6 months) of the year.. Some xerophytes produce “rain roots” below the soil surface, following light precipitation or during dew formation. Other persistent sclerophyllous species by which decreases transpiration by the hardness of the leaves often coated with a thick layer of wax or cutin.
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Parlance, Marc B., and John D. Albertson. "Evaporation : Use of Fast-Response Turbulence Sensors, Raman Lidar, and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0014.
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Since evaporation represents some 60% of precipitation over land surfaces, it is crucial for hydrologic purposes to know with some degree of certainty the magnitude of the water vapor flux into the atmosphere. Actual evaporation (E) from drying land surfaces is often formulated, in hydrology, as a fraction of some measure of potential evaporation (Ep), which can be written as a bulk transfer relationship: . . . Ep =CE up(qs* -q) (10.1) . . . where CE is the bulk mass transfer coefficient for water vapor, u is the mean wind speed at reference height z above the surface, r is the density of the air, q is the mean specific humidity at z, and q*s is the saturation specific humidity at the temperature of the surface (Ts) (Brutsaert, 1982, 1986).
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Williams, Mark W., and Nel Caine. "Hydrology and Hydrochemistry." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0010.
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Seasonally snow-covered areas of Earth’s mountain ranges are important components of the global hydrologic cycle. Although their area is limited, the snowpacks of these areas are a major source of the water supply for runoff and ground water recharge over wide areas of the mid-latitudes. They are also sensitive indicators of climatic change. The release of ions from the snowpack is an important component in the biogeochemistry of alpine areas and may also function as a sensitive indicator of changes in atmospheric chemistry. The demand for water in the semiarid areas of the western United States is reflected in extensive systems of reservoirs, canals, and flow diversions that have been constructed over the past century. Most of the water resources tapped by these systems derives from the mountain environments of the Rocky Mountains, where contributions of the alpine have long been recognized (Martinelli 1975). In Colorado, 9000 km2 of alpine terrain, less than 4% of the state’s area, provide more than 20% of the state’s streamflow and is especially important in maintaining late-summer flows (Martinelli 1975). Lakes in the Rocky Mountains are relatively uncontaminated compared with many other high-elevation lakes in the world, with the median value of NO-3 concentrations less than 1 μeq L-1 (Psenner 1989). However, in comparison with downstream ecosystems, these high-elevation ecosystems are relatively sensitive to changes in the flux of energy, chemicals, and water because of extensive areas of exposed and unreactive bedrock, rapid hydrologic flushing rates during snowmelt, limited extent of vegetation and soils, and short growing seasons (Williams 1993). Hence, even small changes in atmospheric deposition have the potential to result in large changes in ecosystem dynamics and water quality (Williams et al. 1996a). Furthermore, these ecosystem changes may occur in alpine areas before they occur in downstream ecosystems (Williams et al. 1996b). Apart from its use in municipal supply, agriculture, recreation, and power generation, this water also mediates transfers of geomorphic and biological materials. For this reason, the drainage basin, or catchment, has long been recognized as a basic geomorphic unit in environmental research (e.g., Chorley 1967; Bormann and Likens 1969).
Conference papers on the topic "Hydrological flux"
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Yokota, Hideharu, Yoichi Yamamoto, Keisuke Maekawa, and Minoru Hara. "A Study on Groundwater Infiltration in the Horonobe Area, Northern Hokkaido, Japan." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40047.
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In the Horonobe area of northern Hokkaido, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been carrying out various hydrological observations to estimate the recharge rate. Subsurface earth temperature and soil moisture content have been observed at HGW-1 site (GL-0.7m to GL-2.3m, since 2005) and Hokushin Meteorological Station (GL-0.1m to GL-1.1m, since 2008). The results have revealed groundwater infiltration and recharge occurring throughout year, the shallow groundwater-infiltration velocity depending on the depth and the position of the Zero Flux Plane. For the estimation of boundary conditions in groundwater flow simulation, in this study, the shallow groundwater-flow system has been examined qualitatively on the basis of the variation of the subsurface earth temperature and the soil moisture content. In the future, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the shallow groundwater infiltration and recharge rate, the intermediate runoff, and the evapotranspiration based on the observed data of the weighing lysimeter, and the other measurement stations in the area.
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Tromble, E., R. Kolar, K. Dresback, and R. Luettich. "River Flux Boundary Considerations in a Coupled Hydrologic-Hydrodynamic Modeling System." In International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412411.00030.
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Jimenez, Adrian, John Bershaw, John Bershaw, Scott Gall, Scott Gall, Mae Saslaw, and Mae Saslaw. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF HYDROLOGIC RESTORATION ON WATER FLUX ACROSS SAUVIE ISLAND, OREGON." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369977.
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Laurel, DeAnna J., and Ellen Wohl. "INFLUENCE OF BEAVER-INDUCED CHANNEL AND FLOODPLAIN GEOMORPHIC COMPLEXITY ON CATCHMENT SCALE HYDROLOGIC FLUX IN COLORADO MOUNTAIN STREAMS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282062.
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Hibbs, Barry, Eric Chavez, and Gary Desselle. "Hydrologic Flux and Nitrate Exchange between Surface Water and Shallow Groundwater, San Diego Creek Watershed, Orange County, California." In Specialty Symposium on Integrated Surface and Ground Water Management at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40562(267)31.
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Hibbs, Barry, Eric Chavez, and Gary Desselle. "Hydrologic Flux and Nitrate Exchange between Surface Water and Shallow Groundwater, San Diego Creek Watershed, Orange County, California." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)452.
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