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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrolics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 13 April 2023

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1

Sohilait, Hanoch J., Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo, Sabirin Matsjeh, and J. Stuart Grossert. "SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG L--METIL-DOPA FROM EUGENOL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21788.

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Synthesis of analog L--metil-Dopa from eugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to ketone, followed by reaction with NH3 and KCN and by hydrolisis. The addition reaction of methyleugenol with formic acid yield methyleugenyl formate (60,69%). The hydrolis of methyileugenylformate with KOH in aqaueous-ethanolic solution produced methyleugenyl alcohol (73,68%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC yield methyleugenyl ketone (67,71%). The reaction of methyleugenyl ketone with NH3 and KCN yield D,L--amino--(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril (84,14%). The hydrolisis of D,L--amino--(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril with concentrated hydrochloric acid gave Analog L--metil-Dopa as a main target (91,98%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS Keywords: Analog L--metil-Dopa; eugenol.
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2

Soraya, Soraya, Sahri Yanti, and Mikhratunnisa Mikhratunnisa. "PENGARUH SIRUP GULA CAIR HASIL HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS DARI SAGU (Metroxylon sp.) SEBAGAI MEDIA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KADAR SEFALOSPORIN C." Pro Food 5, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v5i1.90.

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ABSTRACT Liquid sugar syrup which made by sago's starch material can be use as fermentation media for sefalosporin. The hydrolisis is a one way to obtain a liquid sugar syrup itself. The enzymatically hydrolisis divided into two process, they are Liquification and sacharification. The research purpose to understanding the way of hydrolisis sago's starch by enzymatically. Next, glucose quality result. Then the influence of the syrup by enzymatically hydrolisis as fermentation media toward quality of sefalosporin. The sample of this research was taken from PT. Selat Panjang, Riau. In Liquification process, the result showed that the maximum glucose quality was obtained about 3874 ppm from concentration of starch and enzym (60g/L: 300µL) meanwhile, the minimum glucose quality was obtained about 3501ppm from concentration of starch and enzym (40g/L: 200µL). Next, sacharification process (lasting 24-48 hours) maximum glucose quality was obtained about 12070 ppm with duration 48hours of hydrolisa. The addition liquid syrup of hydrolisis with five levels concentration, there are 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0, and 3.5% affected sefalosporin quality. The maximum quality of sefalosporin about 3709 ppm by concentration lyquid syrup GS 3.0% and minimum quality about 2044 ppm by concentration lyquid syrup Gs 1.5%. Meanwhile, by the positive control (glucose monohidrat) with similar treatment, the sefalosporin's quality was about 2170 ppm. Key words: Sago, Sago Starch, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Fermentation, Cephalosporins C. ABSTRAK Sirup gula cair dari pati sagu dapat digunakan sebagai media fermentasi sefalosporin. Sirup gula cair dapat dengan cara dihidrolisis. Hidrolisis pati sagu secara enzimatis meliputi proses likuifikasi dan sakarifikasi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui cara hidrolisis pati sagu secara enzimatis dan kadar glukosa yang dihasilkan, serta pengaruh sirup gula cair hasil hidrolisis enzimatis sebagai media fermentasi terhadap kadar Sefalosporin C. Sampel pati sagu diperoleh dari PT Selat Panjang, Riau. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap likuifikasi (2 jam) diperoleh kadar glukosa maksimum sebesar 3874 ppm dari konsentrasi pati sagu dan enzim (60g/L:300µL). Sedangkan kadar glukosa minimum diperoleh sebesar 3501 ppm dari konsentrasi pati sagu dan enzim (40g/L:200µL). Pada tahap sakarifikasi (24-48 jam) kadar glukosa maksimum diperoleh sebesar 12070 ppm dengan waktu hidrolisa 48 jam. Dalam penambahan sirup gula cair hasil hidrolisis dengan lima level konsentrasi sirupgula cair 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 dan 3,5% mempengaruhi kadar Sefalosporin C. Kadar maksimum Sefalosporin C dihasilkan sebesar 3709 ppmdari konsentrasi sirup gula cair GS 3,0% dan kadar minimum diperoleh sebesar 2044 ppm dari konsentrasi sirup gula cair GS 1,5%. Sedangkan pada kontrol positif (glukosa monohidrat) dengan perlakuan yang sama diperoleh kadar Sefalosporin C sebesar 2170 ppm. Kata kunci: Sagu, Pati Sagu, Hidrolisis enzimatis, Fermentasi,Sefalosporin C.
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3

Lindu, Muhamad. "THE EFFECTS OF GRADIENT VELOCITY AND DETENTION TIME TO COAGULATION – FLOCCULATION OF DYES AND ORGANIC COMPOUND IN DEEP WELL WATER." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (June 17, 2010): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21616.

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The treatment of deep well water of Trisakti University by coagulation and flocculation using baffle channel system has been conducted. The detention time of hydrolic were varied. The coagulant dose was varied as 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 ppm. Water of well sampel was added by coagulant with rotation velocity 200 rpm for 1 minute. The optimal coagulant dose was determined by measuring turbidity, colour, total suspended solids and organic compound. The result showed that the organic compound and colour of deep well water of Trisakti University could be reduced by coagulation and flocculation process by hydrolyc system. The optimal dose of the coagulant was 250 ppm. The removal efficiency of colour and organic compound using optimal dose for continuous flow reactor reached after water flow passed the reactor for 3 - 5 times detention time in the reactor. The optimal gradient velocity (G) was 30 - 35 sec-1 and collision energy (GT) was 65.000 - 79.000 to get optimal flocculation. With this condition, the removal efficiency of turbidity, colour and organic was more than 90%. Keywords: coagulation, flocculation, colour, organic compound, deep well
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4

Raynauld, Jean-Pierre. "Thermal stability of hydrolic drives." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 18, no. 4 (December 1986): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(86)90026-9.

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5

Zhang, Wei. "Parameter Adjustment Strategy and Experimental Development of Hydraulic System for Wave Energy Power Generation." Symmetry 12, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050711.

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This paper develops the dynamic response of a hydrolic-transmission system of wave-power devices under random wave conditions. Through theoretical calculation and experiment analysis, the mathematical model of the hydrolic-transmission system was built to make clear which parameters are related to electric-energy output. The working characteristics of the main parameters are developed through the designed experimental platform. The charging pressure of the accumulator, which affects the rigidity of the hydrolic-transmission system, is analyzed. The throttle valve opening and symmetrical electric loads, which affect the stability and efficiency of the electric energy output, are analyzed. Thus, the energy output curve under different parameter regulations is drawn. Through the orthogonal experimental method, the law curve is further modified, the design principle of hydraulic system parameters under the sea level condition is established, and the optimal design scheme and regulation strategy to the hydraulic conversion system of the power generation device is obtained, to solve the problem that the multiparameter coupling cannot be adjusted quickly and effectively. The energy regulation response mechanism of the hydrolic-transmission system in the wave energy power-generation system is proved.
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6

Zamhari, Muhammad, Pandu Ridzaniyanto, and Tawatchai Kangkamano. "Interactive Android Module Development Containing Three Chemical Representation Levels on Material of Salt Hydrolysis." Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) 4, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v4i1.12590.

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Three chemical representation is an important aspect of chemistry learning. However, the database study shows that interactive chemistry learning media containing three levels of representation is not available. This research aims to develop and assess the feasibility of an interactive Android-based learning module for senior high school students containing three chemical representation levels on the material of salt hydrolys-is. The study was conducted using research and development (RD) method. Stages of research were con-ducted as follows, analysis, development process, product validation and assessment. The Android module was subsequently validated by media and concept experts and then limitedly assessed by five chemistry teachers and ten senior high school students. The instrument used was validated by an instrument expert. The validation results by media and concept experts indicated that the media was valid in terms of media performance and salt hydrolysis material. Based on teachers' and students' assessments, the media received a score of 87.5% and 83.0%, with very good category. It can be concluded that the interactive Android-based learning module containing three chemical representations on the material of salt hydrolysis was successful-ly developed and can be tested extensively in senior high school. The developed media closed a significant gap in the need of interactive chemistry learning media containing three levels of chemical representation, especially in the material of salt hydrolisis
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7

Brovko, A., and G. Brovko. "Hydrolic groundwater regimes on Rivne NPP impact." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (68) (2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.68.12.70-75.

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8

Meladiyani, Ervini, Bayu Permana, Marsudi Marsudi, and Ahmad Zayadi. "Perancangan Alat Pengangkat Sistem Hidrolik Tipe H Pada Tempat Pencucian Mobil Dengan Kapasitas Maximum 2.5 Ton." Jurnal Ilmiah Giga 21, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/jig.v21i1.582.

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Hydrolic system is tecknology wich uses fluid, work fluid that is used is oil with viscosity number of 10 SAE. This system work based on the principle of Pascal Low, that is if fluid given pressure, so that pressure will go to all direction by not added or less its pressure. By calculating of type H design hoist car system where as can be result teol that the permession strength of force material is bigger than the happenned strength of force material b = 9.25 kg/mm2  b =0.34 kg/mm2 and g= 70,98 kg/mm2  g= 10,46 kg/mm2. So that the construction of type H design hoist car system by using of material BJ 37 is said saved and strong to be used. On this type H design hoist car system based on SNI 05-3659-1995 which is about hydrolic fluid power with the rod end spherical eyes could be operated perfectly to hoist the car of 2.5 tonnes load. By desig specification of pump hydrolic capasity which is used 0.2 dm3/minutes, power of pump as big 5.4 KW and maximum of load capasity of 2.5 tonnes.
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9

Cucu, Dumitrela, Violeta Mangalagiu, Dorina Amariucai-Mantu, Vasilichia Antoci, and Ionel I. Mangalagiu. "Imidazolium ylides: cycloaddition versus hydrolisis." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia 64, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2019.3.05.

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10

Nguyen Van, Loi. "Determination of some suitable technology conditions to improve recovery performance of Morinda citrifolia L. juice." Journal of Science Natural Science 67, no. 1 (March 2022): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2022-0006.

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The technological parameters affecting the recovery yield of Morinda citrifolia L. juice are the concentration of pectinase enzyme, hydrolisis temperature, and hydrolisis time. From that, a process of extraction and recovery of Morinda citrifolia L. juice was developed, with some technological parameters being the concentration of pectinase enzyme used at 0.4%, hydrolisis temperature of 40oC, hydrolisis time of 240 minutes, in this condition, the recovery efficiency yield of Morinda citrifolia L. juice is more than 90%. Besides, it has also been determined that the pressure to recover Morinda citrifolia L. juice is 200kg\cm2, the pressing time is 10 minutes\batch, the centrifugation speed is 8000 rpm and the centrifugation time is 15 minutes. The obtained Morinda citrifolia L. juice is stored in a specialized dark PE plastic bottle with a capacity of 1.5 liters and stored at a temperature of 2 - 4oC. Some biochemical indicators such as total sugar, total protein, vitamin C and color, odor, taste, and clarity parameters of Morinda citrifolia L. juice were determined by analytical methods.
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11

Matulyte, Inga, Aiste Jekabsone, Lina Jankauskaite, Paulina Zavistanaviciute, Vytaute Sakiene, Elena Bartkiene, Modestas Ruzauskas, Dalia M. Kopustinskiene, Antonello Santini, and Jurga Bernatoniene. "The Essential Oil and Hydrolats from Myristica fragrans Seeds with Magnesium Aluminometasilicate as Excipient: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti-inflammatory Activity." Foods 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010037.

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Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil has antimicrobial, antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We have recently demonstrated that hydrodistillation of nutmeg essential oil by applying magnesium aluminometasilicate as an excipient significantly increases both the content and amount of bioactive substances in the oil and hydrolats. In this study, we aimed to compare the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity of hydrolats and essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation in the presence and absence of magnesium aluminometasilicate as an excipient. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method revealed that magnesium aluminometasilicate did not significantly improved antioxidant activity of both essential oil and hydrolat. Antibacterial efficiency was evaluated by monitoring growth of 15 bacterial strains treated by a range of dilutions of the essential oil and the hydrolats. Essential oil with an excipient completely inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, S. mutans (referent), and P. multocida, whereas the pure oil was only efficient against the latter strain. Finally, the anti-inflammatory properties of the substances were assessed in a fibroblast cell culture treated with viral dsRNR mimetic Poly I:C. The essential oil with an excipient protected cells against Poly I:C-induced necrosis more efficiently compared to pure essential oil. Also, both the oil and the hydrolats with aluminometasilicate were more efficient in preventing IL-6 release in the presence of Poly I:C. Our results show that the use of magnesium aluminometasilicate as an excipient might change and in some cases improve the biological activities of nutmeg essential oil and hydrolats.
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12

Moentamaria, Dwina, Girlian Agaian, Meilita Mustika Ridhawati, Achmad Chumaidi, and Nanik Hendrawati. "HIDROLISIS MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN LIPASE TERIMOBILISASI ZEOLIT PADA PEMBUATAN PERISA ALAMI." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 5, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v5i2.7507.

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Free Fatty acid resulting from hydrolisis of various types of oil enzymatically has been great interest recently to save energy, in other hand that the product are environmentally friendly. Lipases as biocatalysts for synthesis reactions will be dissolved with the product, making difficult their reuse. Efficiency can be done with the use of enzyme immobilization, which can be used for repeated reaction. The products of free fatty acids from coconut oil by hydrolysis of lipase can be used as a natural substrate for making flavor that can be consumed and safe for health. The effect of free lipase and immobilization of lipase on hydrolisis were studied. Reaction time of hydrolisis was varied as 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The variation of concentration of lipase addition was 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 % . The types of treatment were used in this research free lipase and the immobilized lipase. The results shows that the highest conversion on hydrolisis of coconut oil by using free lipase treatment was performed by 6 % of lipase addition with reaction time 60 minutes that are 52,31%. While, the highest conversion on hydrolisis of coconut oil by using the immobilized lipase was shown by 8% of lipase addition with reaction time 120 minutes that is 56,01%. The results of the hydrolysis process in the form of fatty acid was used as the base material esterification process resulting ester product (natural flavor). Ester yield was produced by free lipase esterification was 28,21 and 32,14 % in immobilized lipase esterification.
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13

Adini, Saniha, Endang Kusdiyantini, and Anto Budiharjo. "Produksi Bioetanol Dari Rumput Laut dan Limbah Agar Gracilaria sp. dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Yang Berbeda." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 16, no. 2 (December 26, 2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.16.2.65-75.

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The Indonesia needs of Bioethanol were 390.000 kL in 2012, but the local ethanol production only able to cover less than 4% from the needed. The high demand of the bioethanol encourage for another innovation in ethanol production more efficient and effectively. Seaweeds and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. could be useful as substrate for bioethanol production, because of the high amount of polysaccharide, cellulose and galactan type. Unfortunately, this cellulose and galactan had through the saccharification process first, before they can be used as substrates in bioethanol production. This study examined the difference between two saccharification process which are acid hydrolisis using H2SO4 1% and enzymatic process using Aspergillus niger on the use seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. for bioethanol production. Bioethanol production been conducted for 5 days and in each 24 hour, the sampling for cell number variable, reduction sugar amount variable, and medium fermentation pH variable had been retrieved. The ethanol amount calculation in the last incubation phase conducted using distillate fermentation spesific gravity methode. The highest ethanol was obtained 5,50% by treatment using seaweed medium with acid hydrolisis. The anova analysis result showed that interaction between medium variable and hydrolisis didn’t have signifficant influence toward ethanol product. It showed that seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. had same quality and they can be useful as main component of bioethanol production which are hydrolisis by enzymatic or acid hydrolisis. Key Words : Gracilaria sp., the residual pulp, saccharification, reducing sugar, ethanol
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14

Kaloustian, Jacques, Ceéline Mikail, Lydia Abou, Marie-France Vergnes, Alain Nicolay, and Henri Portugal. "Nouvelles perspectives industrielles pour les hydrolats." Acta Botanica Gallica 155, no. 3 (January 2008): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2008.10516117.

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15

Zaki, Muhammad, Suhendrayatna, Misbul Hadi, and Syukri Adha. "Optimization of Glucose Production of Cocopeat Using Whole Cell Trichoderma reesei." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815601016.

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The high content of cellulose in cocopeat makes this material convertible into glucose. The converting process of cellulose into glucose can be done by hydrolysis. In this research, the coocopeat hydrolyzed enzymatically using cellulose ezyme from Trichoderma reesei. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions of glucose yield and to know the effect of concentration of NaOH, molasses mass, and the effect of hydrolisis time on glucose yield produced. The variabel used was hydrolisis time (0; 124; and 240 hour), NaOH concenteration (1%; 2%; and 3%), and molasses mass (40; 50; and 60 gr/l). The result showed the higest glucose level obtained at 2% NaOH concenteration, molasses mass 60 gram, and hydrolysis time 240 hours, while the predicted resulted of the optimum conditions of glucose level produced using the software Design Expert 6.08 is 776.771 mg/l at NaOH concenteration 1,35%, molasses mass 59.96 mg/l and hydrolisis time 215.62 hours.
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16

Suryawan, Ketut Gede, I. Gede Mahardika Mahardika, and I. Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa. "Pemanfaatan Biofilter untuk Mengurangi Pemakaian Bahan Kimia dalam Proses Pengolahan Air Estuary." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i02.p09.

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The process to supply the drinking water will also be expensive due to the decreasing quality of water it self. Some chemical substances are needed in high quantity to produce healthy water from Badung River, such as chlorine and aluminum sulphat (Al SO4). This is because the polutants of water in Badung River is really high. To decrease the use of the amount of chemical subtances and to avoid the side effect of chlorine on water which is highly organic, so this research was done through the use of biofilter. This biofilter is like bee-hive which is made from plastic. This micro-organism would scatter the organic substance and ammonia. In this case, iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) would be oxydized by the air and water from the blower. On the next step, the measurement of the content in each organic substance, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia was done on the streaming water and the water that was out from biofilter reactor. In every parameter, the sampel was taken periodically from 1 to 6 hours hydrolic-setting time. The testing of using aluminum sulphate and the needs of chlorine was done in every 1 to 6 hours hydrolic-setting time. The result of the research told us that for 6 hours hydrolic- setting time could decrease 38.78% the organic substance, iron ( Fe) 41.93%, manganese (Mn) 55.32%, ammonia 75.40%, nitrite 55.32%, but nitrate increased up to 53.85%. The increase of nitrate is still tolerable based on the law of governor (Pergub) Bali No. 8 year 2007. The use of chemical substance, in this case aluminum sulphat could be decreased up to 10 ppm and chlorine (gas) could also be decreased until 10 ppm.
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17

Pandey, Anjali. "BAWDI: THE ELOQUENT EXAMPLE OF HYDROLIC ENGINEERING AND ORNAMENTAL ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i1.2016.2867.

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“The secular Indian architecture includes town planning, palaces, general houses and forts of various categories. There was a constant growth in forms of this architecture from the period of harappan culture up to the Vijaynagar epoch. The towns were protected by walls (prakara) and the moats parikha. Each town provided places of general public utility, such as temples, stupas, schools, hospitals, markets, gardens and ponds”.1
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18

Busetti, Seth, Wenjie Jiao, and Ze'ev Reches. "Geomechanics of hydrolic fracturing microseismicity: Part 2. Stress state determination." AAPG Bulletin 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 2459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/05141413124.

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19

Murdiyanto, Eko, and Firdaus Sitepu. "UPAYA MENANGANI KERUSAKAN MACHINERY HATCH COVER HYDRAULIC UNTUK MEMPERLANCAR PROSES BONGKAR MUAT DI MV. SHANTHI INDAH." Dinamika Bahari 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 2461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46484/db.v10i1.127.

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ABSTRAKMV. Shanthi Indah sendiri adalah salah satu kapal curah yang mengangkut batu bara yang dikelola oleh PT.KSE (Karya Sumber Energy), milik warga negara indonesia sendiri yangberoperasi diwilayah indonesia maupun internasional. Sehingga peralatan bongkar muat diataskapal MV.Shanthi Indah sangat penting untuk diperhatikan maka penulis merusmuskan masalahyaitu pananganan kerusakan machinery hatch cover hydraulic dan dampak kerusakan machineryhatch cover hydraulic untuk menjadi acuan dalam penelitian ini agar menjadi pembatas dalammembuat sebuah penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan secaraterperinci saat pelaksanaan kegiatan bongkar/muat yang tertunda karena terjadinya kerusakanmachinery hatch cover hydraulic di kapal MV. Shanthi Indah. Pengumpulan data melaluiwawancara, observasi, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi saat dikapal. Tekhnik pengolahan data yangdigunakan adalah fishbone analysis dan fault tree analysis. Machinery hatch cover hydraulic adalah salah satu alat yang perannya sangat vital untukkapal curah, Mesin palka hydrolik berfungsi untuk mengangkat roda pada palka denganmenggunakan cairan minyak hydrolik yang dimampatkan melalui pipe hydraulic dan di teruskan kejack hydraulic agar palka dapat terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya kerusakan machinery hatch coverhydraulic di MV. Shanthi Indah adalah kotornya oil filter pada mesin yang menyebabkan cepatnyahigh pressure sehingga pipa hydrolik dapat pecah. Upaya penanganan kerusakan machinery hatchcover hydraulic adalah melakukan pengecekan dan perawatan secara teratur, memberikanpengarahan kepada crew tentang pengoperasian mesin palka hydrolik saat membuka palka denganbenar dan melakukan pengecekan oil filter pada machinery hatch cover hydraulic yang sudah kotor.
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Sutamihardja, RTM, Mia Azizah, and Bekti Dwisepti Mafiana. "PERBANDINGAN HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS DAN ASAM TERHADAP PATI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN GULA CAIR." JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 7, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v7i2.255.

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Comparison Hydrolisis of Enzymatic and Acid of Sweet Corn Starch (Zea mays L.) in Liquid Sugar ProductionSweet corn starch (Zea mays L.) contains high carbohydrate that can be used for food and industrial purposes. Sweet corn starch can be used for liquid sugar as alternative sweetener by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed by treating the starch with alpha amylase for liquefaction and glucoamylase for saccharification, while acid hydrolysis was performed by mixing the starch with 1,0 N hydrochloric acid. According to the results, the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis is higher than acid hydrolysis. The highest yield of liquid sugar is 91,73% produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using alpha amylase 42µL and glucoamylase 42µL and 59,40% of reducing sugar. The yield of liquid sugar produced by acid hydrolysis using HCl 1,0 N is 78,55% and 31,48% of reducing sugar.Key words: Zea mays, starch, liquid sugar, hydrolisis of hydrochloric acid, hydrolisis of alpha amylase, hydrolisis of glucoamylaseABSTRAKPati jagung manis (Zea mays L.) mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pangan dan industri. Pati jagung manis dapat diolah menjadi gula cair dan digunakan sebagai pemanis alternatif melalui hidrolisis pati baik secara enzimatis atau asam. Hidrolisis enzimatis melalui tahap likuifikasi menggunakan alfa amilase dan tahap sakarifikasi menggunakan glukoamilase. Hidrolisis asam dilakukan menggunakan asam klorida 0,1 N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula cair hasil hidrolisis enzimatis menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dibandingkan hidrolisis asam. Rendemen gula cair paling tinggi dihasilkan pada proses hidrolisis enzimatis menggunakan alfa amilase 42µL dan glukoamilase 42µL sebesar 91,73% dengan nilai gula pereduksi sebesar 59,40%. Rendemen gula cair hidrolisis asam menggunakan HCl 1,0 N sebesar 78,55% dengan nilai gula pereduksi sebesar 31,48%.Kata kunci: Zea mays, pati, gula cair, hidrolisis HCl, hidrolisis enzim alfa-amilase, hidrolisis enzim glukoamilase
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Kiselev, M. L., M. A. Zaytsev, V. V. Nesmeyanov, and O. V. Kuzovov. "Overview of Existing Weightless Environment Facilities for Training Cosmonauts." MANNED SPACEFLIGHT, no. 1(34) (March 2, 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34131/msf.20.1.120-131.

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Ishak, N., N. S. Hamdan, M. Tajuddin, and R. Adnan. "Modeling and controller design on ARX model of Electro-Hydrolic actuator." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 9, no. 4S (January 23, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i4s.9.

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Ratnawati, Ratnawati, and Nita Indriyani. "Ultrasound-Assisted Ultra-Mild-Acid Hydrolisis of -Carrageenan." Reaktor 17, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.17.4.191-196.

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The low molecular weight fraction of κ-carrageenan is useful in biomedical applications. An ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan has been studied. κ-carrageenan with an initial number-average molecular weight of 629 kDa was dispersed in distilled water to form a 5 g/l solution. The pH (3 and 6) of the solution was adjusted by adding HCl solution. The depolymerization reaction was carried out in an ultrasonic device at various temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60°C) and times (8, 16, 24, and 32 min). The experimental results showed that ultrasound positively contributed to acid hydrolysis process. The number-average molecular weight of the treated k-carrageenan was lower or the percentage of reduction was higher at lower pH, longer reaction time, and higher temperature. The lowest number-average molecular weight (14 kDa) or the highest percent of molecular weight reduction reduction (97.7%) was achieved after ultrasonic irradiation at 60°C and pH 3 for 32 min. Keywords: depolymerization; midpoint scission; ultrasonication
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Drinić, Zorica, Miloš Jovanović, Dejan Pljevljakušic, Nikolić Ćujić, Dubravka Bigović, and Katarina Šavikin. "Microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)." Lekovite sirovine, no. 41 (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/leksir2141022d.

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Comparison between conventional and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation at different power levels has been applied for the extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizome. In addition to the collected essential oils, as the main products, hydrolats were also collected, as valuable by-products from both extraction techniques. A comparison of two applied techniques was done in terms of extraction time, extraction yield, the chemical composition of essential oils and hydrolats, and environmental impact. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation achieved a higher extraction yield (1.70, 1.70, and 1.85 % for power levels of 180, 360, and 600 W, respectively) compared to hydrodistillation (1.50 %). Furthermore, distillation time related to the energy consumption has been reduced from 144 min and 1.44 kWh for conventional hydrodistillation to 37, 32, 27 min and 0.11, 0.19, 0.27 kWh for power levels of 180, 360, and 600 W, respectively. Content of a-zingiberene in essential oil and hydrolat obtained by hydrodistillation was 29.89 and 6.87 %, while content of a-zingiberene in essential oils and hydrolats obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation was higher yielding the amounts of 34.12, 34.43, and 42.00 % and 18.70, 22.60, and 32.92 % for power levels of 180, 360, and 600 W, respectively. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation has proven to be promising technique for the isolation of ginger's essential oil regarding improved yield, reduced time and energy requirements, as well CO 2 emissions while maintains oil quality.
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A, Khrulev, and Dmitriev S. "THE CALCULATING MODEL OF AIR COMPRESSION PROCESS WITH LIQUID IN THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CYLINDER." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 46 (2020): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2020-1-46-416-426.

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The paper discusses the features and performs a preliminary analysis of the symptoms and the causes of the connecting rod damage of an internal combustion engine caused by liquid entering the cylinder (hy­drolock). Object of the study is the cylinder of an internal combustion engine when liquid enters it. Purpose of the study is to research the mechanism of compression air with a liquid in the engine cyl­inder for identifying currently absent quantitative characteristics of the phenomenon of hydrolock, which causes deformation (buckling) and subsequent destruction of the connecting rod. Method of the study is theoretical, includes the development of a methodology for calculating the variation of the air parameters during compression air with a liquid. Based on simplifying assumptions, a system of differential equations for the pressure and temperature of the air with a liquid in a cylinder is ob­tained from the equations of gas state and energy. The system is solved by numerical integration over the crankshaft rotation angle with initial conditions were obtained using the standard ICE cycle calculation soft­ware. As a result, computation of the cylinder pressure in compression process by the crankshaft rotation angle depending on the filling ration of the combustion chamber with liquid was performed. The practical use of the methodology and the results obtained consists in their application in the problems of the engine damage simulation, including the calculations of the connecting rod buckling during hydrolock, as well as to clarify the symptoms and the causes of the damage. By calculation using the developed methodology, it was found that with an increase in the amount of a liquid, the maximum pressure in the internal combustion engine cylinder rapidly increases during compres­sion, starting with the combustion chamber filling ratio of 80%. With a further increase in liquid filling, commensurate with the volume of the combustion chamber, pressure rise in the final phase of the compres­sion stroke is possible tens or even hundreds of times, which determines the damage to the connecting rod during hydrolock. KEYWORDS: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ICE, CONNECTING ROD, CYLINDER, FAILURE, DAMAGE, HYDROLOCK, SIMULATION.
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Hayati, Fitriani, Mohammad Purwanto, Hidayat Pawitan, Suria Tarigan, and Latief Rachman. "The Effect of Plants in Floodplain on Hydrolic Roughness of Barabai River." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 05, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.05.1.43-48.

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Sembiring, Bryan Pratama, and Hasanul Fahmi. "Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Kerusakan Sistem Hydrolic Pada Excavator Dengan Metode Certainty Factor." Jurnal Nasional Komputasi dan Teknologi Informasi (JNKTI) 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jnkti.v2i2.1557.

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<p>Alat berat <em>excavator</em> biasa digunakan dalam industri konstruksi, pertanian atau perhutanan. Sistem hidrolik merupakan sistem penerusan daya dengan menggunakan fluida cair. Seorang pakar harus mampu menyusun kembali pengetahuan-pengetahuan yang diperoleh, dapat memecahkan aturan-aturan serta menentukan relevansi kepakarannya. Metode Certainty Factor ini bisa mengolah 2 bobot dalam sekali perhitungan tidak ada aturan untuk mengkombinasikan bobotnya, karena untuk kombinasi seperti apapun hasilnya akan tetap sama. Untuk mendapatkan tingkat keyakinan dapat dengan cara mewawancarai seorang pakar dengan aturan <em>CF (Rule).</em> Aplikasi sistem pakar komersial berbasis <em>rule (rule-based systems),</em> yaitu pengetahuan sebagai prosedur-prosedur pemecahan masalah. CF gabungan merupakan <em>Certainty Factor</em> akhir dari sebuah calon konklusi. CF ini dipengaruhi oleh semua CF pararel dari aturan yang menghasilkan konklusi. Dalam penelitian ini Data Kerusakan diberi Kode (C01, C02, C03, C04, C05) dan nama kerusakan (Winding Imposible, Lowering, Imposible, Free Drop Imposible, Hunting Occurs, Neutral Maintenance Possible). Hasil perhitungan pada studi kasus menggunakan metode CF, bahwa sistem hydrolic mengalami Winding Imposible dengan Nilai CF 0,9916 selanjutnya sistem CF diagnosa kerusakan akan memberikan solusi sesuai kode kerusakan. </p>
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Busetti, Seth, Wenjie Jiao, and Ze'ev Reches. "Geomechanics of hydrolic fracturing microseismicity: Part 1. Shear, hybrid, and tensile events." AAPG Bulletin 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 2439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/05141413123.

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Завьялов (Zavyalov), Артем (Artem) Валерьевич (Valer'yevich), Сергей (Sergey) Викторович (Viktorovich) Рыков (Rykov), Наталия (Nataliya) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Лунина (Lunina), Валентина (Valentina) Ивановна (Ivanovna) Сушкова (Sushkova), Сергей (Sergey) Викторович (Viktorovich) Яроцкий (Yarotsky), and Оксана (Oksana) Валентиновна (Valentinovna) Березина (Berezina). "PLANT POLYSACCHARIDE XYLOGLUCAN AND ENZYMES THAT HYDROLIZE IT (REVIEW)." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018043926.

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Various types of plant raw material are widely used in the pulp and paper, textile, food, agricultural industries, and pharmacology. One of the problems of utilizing the complex plant biomass is the weak knowledge of its hemicellulose content and the lack of effective enzymes for hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. Xyloglucan is the major structural and storage polysaccharide in all dicots and many monocots. It has a branched architecture with a backbone constructed of β-1,4-connected cellotetraose units decorated with short side chains composed of xylose, galactose, arabinose, fucose and some other residues. Side chain composition and alternation order are specie-specific and can change during cell growth resulting in variety of xyloglucan structural types. In general, xyloglucan structure depends on taxonomic position of the plant. Structural features of xyloglucans belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed in the evolutionary aspect. Xyloglucan hydrolysis is a necessary condition during conversion of plant biomass into high added value products. Variety of xyloglucan structural types complicates selection of enzymes for its hydrolysis. Xyloglucanase-containing multienzyme complexes can be used for efficient decomposition of plant biomass polysaccharides into fermentable sugars for biotechnology, and for improvement of the feed quality. Investigation of xyloglucanases is necessary for the development of methods for protecting plants from pathogenic microorganisms which use these enzymes for invasion into plant tissue. The article reviewed structural features of xyloglucans from different taxonomic groups in the evolutionary aspect. Selection of xyloglucanases for efficient hydrolysis of complex plant biomass is discussed.
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Popa, Cristina Laura, Andreea Lupitu, Maria Daniela Mot, Lucian Copolovici, Cristian Moisa, and Dana Maria Copolovici. "Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the Lamiaceae Family." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112489.

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Many plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family are rich in essential oils (EOs) which are intensively used for aromatherapy, food and beverage flavoring, alternative medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery. Aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus pannonicus All., Lavandula angustifolia L., Lavandula x intermedia, Origanum vulgare L., and Origanum vulgare var. aureum L. were subjected to hydrodistillation, and both resulting fractions were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of six essential oils and their corresponding hydrolats (HDs) through GC-MS and spectrophotometric analyses. Overall, 161 compounds were identified, some found exclusively in essential oils and others in hydrolats, making them individual products with specific end purposes. The total phenolic content was the highest for the Thymus vulgaris L. EOs (3022 ± mg GAE L−1), because of its high phenolic oxygenated monoterpenes content (thymol and carvacrol) and the smallest for the Lavandula angustifolia L. EOs (258.31 ± 44.29 mg GAE L−1), while hydrolats varied from 183.85 ± 0.22 mg GAE L−1 for Thymus vulgaris L. HD and 7.73 mg GAE L−1 for Thymus pannonicus All. HD. Significant antioxidant effects determined through DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays were also observed in samples with higher hydrophilic compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for Thymus vulgaris L. EO and its corresponding HD. Although EOs are the principal traded economic product, HDs represent a valuable by-product that could still present intense antiseptic activities, similar to their corresponding EOs (thyme and oregano), or have multiple aromatherapy, cosmetics, and household applications (lavender and lavandin).
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Jaken, Kundori, and Ali Khamdilah. "Analisis Manajemen Perawatan Actuator Sebagai Safety Device Dalam Memproteksi Terjadinya Overspeed Pada Mesin Penggerak Utama Kapal." Dinamika Bahari 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46484/db.v1i2.211.

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Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis penyebab Keterlambatan respon kerja dari actuator dalam melakukan aksi kontrol pada rack fuel injection pump pada saat kapal berlayar. Actuator adalah suatu alat pendorong yang digerakkan oleh sistem penumatik (sistem udara bertekanan) ataupun system hydrolik (media minyak hydrolik) dalam dunia control di aplikasikan sebagai alat keamanan pada mesin. Ketepatan proses actuator sebagai alat yang digunakan pada alat alat keamanan pada mesin penggerak utama kapal sangat berperan sebagai bagian untuk menjaga mesin penggerak utama agar bekerja dengan kondisi aman. Dengan latar belakang lemahnya respon kerja dari actuator sebagai pendorong rack bahan bakar pada fuel injecton pump yang berdampak pada kerusakan mesin penggerak utama dikarenakan overspeed. Permasalahan yang akan dianalisis adalah banyaknya hal yang menjadikan actuator bekerja tidak sesuai dengan fungsinya. Dalam penggunaannya actuator mendapat perintah sinyal dari tachometer yang berfungsi untuk membaca putaran mesin yang sebelumnya sinyal tersebut dikirimkan ke Safety Sistem Unit (SSU) untuk diproses serta dibandingkan dengan nilai yang diinginkan / diatur sesuai denan standart manual book dari mesin tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Kesimpulan tulisan ini adalah Perlunya perawatan yang baik dalam sistem actuator untuk menghidarinya dari kegagalan dalam memproteksi kerja mesin,seperti pengecekan respon kerja dalam mendorong,sistem penggerak pneumatik ataupun hydrolik,kalibrasi nilai keluaran dari Tachometer atapun sistem dari Safety Sistem Unit (SSU)
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Kusumaningsih, Triana, Jumina Jumina, Dwi Siswanta, and Mustofa Mustofa. "SYNTHESIS OF TETRA-p-PROPENYLTETRAESTERCALIX[4]ARENE AND TETRA-p-PROPENYLTETRACARBOXYLICACIDCALIX[4]ARENE FROM p-t-BUTYLPHENOL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (June 21, 2010): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21491.

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A research has been conducted to synthesize tetra-p-propenyltetraestercalix[4]arene and tetra-p-propenyltetracarboxylicacidcalix[4] arene using p-t-butylphenol as a starting material. The synthesis was carried out in following stages, i.e (1) synthesis of p-t-butylcalix[4]arene from p-t-butylphenol, (2) debutylation of p-t-butylcalix[4]arene, (3) tetraallilation of 25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene with NaH and allilbromida in dry tetrahydrofuran, (4) Claissen rearrangement of 25,26,27,28-tetrapropenyloxycalix[4]arene, (5) esterification of tetra-p-propenyltetrahydroxycalix[4]arene, (6) hydrolisis of tetra-p-propenyltetraestercalix[4]arene. The all structures of products were observed by means of melting point, FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectrometers. Tetra-p-propenyltetraestercalix[4]arene compound was obtained as yellow liquid product in 55.08% yield. Tetra-p-propenyltetracarboxylicacidcalix[4]arene compound was obtained as white solid product with the melting point 135-137 °C at decomposed and in 70.05% yield. Keywords: calix[4]arene, Claissen rearrangement, esterification, hydrolisis
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Hadimani *, Sharanagouda, Dr Nilesh Diwakar, Dr G. R. Selokar, and Dr B. Nageshwar Rao. "Design & Analysis of Dynamic Response in Hydrolic Equipment Working with Heavy Loads." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2243.0210321.

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Hydraulic system has benefits over pneumatic or electric systems, especially when heavy loads are involved, or when very smooth and precise position or pressure control is required. Hydraulic actuators have several advantages including the fact that they produce less heat and electrical interference at the machine than do electric actuators. A simulation model of the support was established to determine the dynamic responses of the hydraulic support under dual impacts from its roof and shield beams, and the column and balance jack were replaced using a spring-damper system. Analysis of poses was performed and dynamic support responses were obtained.
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Cartery, C., N. Maisonneuve, J. Aubert, and M. Ulrich. "Comparaison des membranes EVODIAL et HYDROLINK pour l’hémodialyse sans héparine." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 17, no. 5 (September 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2021.07.049.

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Walter, Marcin. "Recykling enzymów w procesie hydrolizy biomasy miskanta olbrzymiego lub cukrowego." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2021.6.7.

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Hiraishi, Akira, Yong Kook Shin, Yoko Ueda, and Junta Sugiyama. "Automated sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA on ‘Hydrolink’ gels." Journal of Microbiological Methods 19, no. 2 (February 1994): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(94)90046-9.

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Jenkins, Paul J., and Athene M. Donald. "The Effect of Acid Hydrolyis on Native Starch Granule Structure." Starch - Stärke 49, no. 7-8 (1997): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.19970490703.

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38

Topala, Carmen Mihaela, Adriana Gabriela Plaiasu, Catalin Marian Ducu, and Sorin Georgian Moga. "Structural Characterization of ZnO and Al Doped ZnO Powders Synthesis in Aqueous Solutions." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 3232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7524.

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Undoped and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) powders have been synthesized by hydrolytic and hydrothermal synthesis from Zn(NO3)2 , AlCl3 using KOH 1M concentraction like hydrolisis agent. The structural properties of prepared powders were studied using XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. Presence of aluminium in the hydrothermal powders is correlated with the presence of Zn-Al hydrotalcite like structure.
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Rajoriya, N., J. Crighton, S. Thomson, K. Buchanan, R. Gillespie, R. Heading, and J. F. MacKenzie. "P77 Hydrolic dilatation in the treatment of achalasia- a 5 year tertiary referral centre." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 40, Supplement 4 (September 2006): S216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200609001-00157.

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Fernández-Carrasco, L., F. Puertas, M. T. Blanco-Varela, and T. Vázquez. "Nuevos avances en la carbonatación del cemento aluminoso. Hidrólisis alcalina." Materiales de Construcción 49, no. 253 (March 30, 1999): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.1999.v49.i253.457.

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41

Sokolowska, Katarzyna, Anna Konieczna-Molenda, and Ewa Witek. "Hydrolysis of cellulose waste catalyzed by cellulolytic enzymes immobilized on polymer carrier." Polimery 61, no. 09 (September 2016): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2016.633.

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THATCHER, Vernon E. "Two new Bucephalidae (Trematoda) from Fishes of the Brazilian Amazon." Acta Amazonica 29, no. 2 (June 1999): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921999292335.

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Two new species of Bucephalidae (Trematoda) are described from fishes of the Brazilian Amazon. Glandulorhynchus turgidus gen. et sp. n. from Hydrolycus sp. differs from all others in the family by having conspicuous glands near the anterior extremity and an expanded uterus used for storing eggs. Prosorhynchus piranhus sp. n. from Serrasalmus rhombeus is characterized as having a small rhynchus and pharynx, and a large cirrus sac.
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GUIMARÃES, D. P., F. A. A. COSTA, M. I. RODRIGUES, and F. MAUGERI. "Optimization of dextran syntesis and acidic hydrolisis by surface response analysis." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 1999): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66321999000200004.

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Lefrançois, G. "Étude monocentrique de la membrane « hydrolink » (Toray) en hémodialyse sans héparine." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 15, no. 5 (September 2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2019.07.121.

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Wibowo, Risky Hadi, Welly Darwis, S. Sipriyadi, Morina Adfa, Elsi Silvia, Reza Wahyuni, Dhea Amelia Sari, and M. Masrukhin. "BAKTERI PENGHASIL AMILASE YANG DIISOLASI DARI EKOENZIM LIMBAH BUAH-BUAHAN." Jurnal Biosilampari : Jurnal Biologi 4, no. 2 (June 24, 2022): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/biosilampari.v4i2.1531.

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Many of potential enzymes can be found in the ecoenzyme, one of them is amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that is able to hydrolize the glycoside bonds of starch or starch into dextrin, glucose and maltose which is widely used in various industries such as beverages. This study aims to isolate the ecoenzyme bacteria and test their ability to produce amylase. Isolation of ecoenzyme bacteria was carried out using serial dilution methods 10-1, 10-3, 10-5. A total of 0.1 ml of each dilution series was pipetted and spread on the Nutrient agar (NA) medium. The bacterial isolates that grew were then purified and identified by morphological observation, Gram staining and their enzymatic activity was tested using Starch Agar (SA) media qualitatively. The results of this study showed there were 39 bacterial isolates from ecoenzyme with different morphological characteristics. The amylase activity test were found that 34 isolates had a positive activity to hydrolize the starch in the SA media which was indicated by the formation of a clear zone around the bacterial colonies. Each bacterial isolate had a different hydrolysis index value, which ranged from 9.45 to 23.65. The highest clear zone diameter index value from starch hydrolysis was EJM 15 isolate.
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Thatcher, Vernon E., and Marilia C. Brasil-Sato. "Ergasilussalmini sp. nov. (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) a branchial parasite of "dourado", Salminus franciscanus from the upper São Francisco River, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25, no. 3 (September 2008): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752008000300023.

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Ergasilus salmini sp. nov. a branchial parasite of the "dourado", Salminus franciscanus Lima & Britski, 2007, from the upper São Francisco river, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, is described based on female specimens. The new species has a serrate, curved seta on the first exopod as do most of the known South American species of the genus. Other than that, it does not closely resemble any known species of this genus. Many of the known ergasilids have head, and first two thoracic segments completely fused to form a cephalothorax. In the new species, the head is incompletely fused, the first thoracic segment is fused, but thoracic segment two is free. Ergasilus hydrolycus Thatcher, Boeger & Robertson, 1984, also has a free second thoracic segment but in that species the head is completely fused and the third abdominal segment is the longest. In the new species, the third segment is the shortest of the three. Also, the new species is smaller averaging 691 x 207 µ m compared to 784 x 278 µ m for E. hydrolycus. The latter species has a two-segmented fourth endopod whereas in the new species this structure is three-segmented. In addition, the new species is from a different host and a separate river system.
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47

Iglesias, Azucena Elizabeth, Giselle Fuentes, Giulia Mitton, Facundo Ramos, Constanza Brasesco, Rosa Manzo, Dalila Orallo, et al. "Hydrolats from Humulus lupulus and Their Potential Activity as an Organic Control for Varroa destructor." Plants 11, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 3329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233329.

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Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite, which is considered a severe pest for honey bees causing serious losses to beekeeping. Residual hydrolats from steam extraction of hop essential oils, generally considered as a waste product, were tested for their potential use as acaricides on V. destructor. Four hop varieties, namely Cascade, Spalt, Victoria, and Mapuche, showed an interesting performance as feasible products to be used in the beekeeping industry. Some volatile oxidized terpenoids were found in the hydrolats, mainly β-caryophyllene oxide, β-linalool, and isogeraniol. These compounds, together with the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, were probably responsible for the promissory LC50 values obtained for mites after hydrolat exposition. Victoria hydrolat was the most toxic for mites (LC50: 16.1 µL/mL), followed by Mapuche (LC50 value equal to 30.1 µL/mL), Spalt (LC50 value equal to 114.3 µL/mL), and finally Cascade (LC50: 117.9 µL/mL). Likewise, Spalt had the highest larval survival, followed by Victoria and Mapuche. Cascade was the variety with the highest larval mortality. In addition, none of the extracts showed mortality higher than 20% in adult bees. The Victoria hydrolat presented the best results, which makes it a good compound with the prospect of an acaricide treatment against V. destructor.
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48

GRÜBEL, Klaudiusz, and Stanisław WACŁAWEK. "Alkalization as a method of preliminary hydrolysis of waste activated sludge before the anaerobic digestion process." Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering 1(21) (2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53052/pjmee.2021.1.02.

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49

Dmitriev, Sergey Alekseevich, and Alexander Eduardovich Khrulev. "Study of the conrod deformation during piston interaction with liquid in the internal combustion engine cylinder." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 6557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.03.0515.

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The paper analyzes the deformation of the connecting rod stem with buckling due to water ingress into the internal combustion engine cylinder (the so-called hydrolock). A method is presented that has been developed to perform calculations of stem deformation in the process of compressing air with liquid in an internal combustion engine cylinder. The method is based on solving a system of differential equations for pressure and temperature in the cylinder, followed by calculating the compression force acting on the connecting rod. A carried-out simulation of the compression process demonstrates the dependence of the air pressure in the cylinder, the stress and the strain of the connecting rod on the fill ratio of the combustion chamber with liquid. The calculations performed according to the classical theory of resistance of materials have shown that the connecting rod with the buckling of the stem begins to deform when the liquid fills the combustion chamber to a minimum of 80%. With the increase in the amount of liquid, the deformation of the conrod increases, and when the level of liquid filling is so significant that it exceeds the volume of the combustion chamber, the conrod stem deformation reaches extreme values. It is shown that under these conditions after the hydrolock occurs the engine may fail due to the piston wedging the crankshaft in the bottom dead center position.
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50

Efiyanti, Lisna, Dian Anggraini Indrawan, Zulhan Arif, Devandri Hutapea, and Ane Dwi Septina. "Synthesis and Application of a Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst for a Hydrolisis Reaction." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v5i3.25275.

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Biomass, such as wood waste, is one of the resources that can be potentially converted into a carbon product for catalyst applications. In this study, the sulfonated carbon was obtained through the pyrolysis method for wood waste at the temperature of 350°C, which was later sulfonated through the use of H2SO4 (8N) on the reflux for 4 h. The sulfonated carbon was then analyzed and characterized including its water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, iodine adsorption as well as the H+ (acidity) capacity using ammonia adsorptions and functional groups and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) instrument. The catalyst application was carried out during the kempili pulp hydrolysis process using a microwave with the ratio of catalyst to a pulp of 1:1 (5g:5g), with the power conditions of 300, 400, and 600 watt for 3, 5, and 7 min. The results showed that the sulfonated carbon catalyst had water content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine adsorption as well as the catalyst acidity as much as 3.48%; 11.70%; 4.21%; 84.62%; 690.88 mg/g; and 6.45 mmol/g, respectively with the highest glucose content of 160.83 ppm. The carbon-based catalyst is expected as an alternative catalyst, can be further developed for hydrolysis reactions, and can serve as a green technology product in the future.
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