Journal articles: 'Hydroida'

1

Cairns, Stephen D. "Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galapagos Islands." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 426 (1986): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.426.

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Thomas, Mary Beth, Nancy C. Edwards, and Robert P. Higgins. "Cryptohydra thieli n. gen., n. sp.: A Meiofaunal Marine Hydroid (Hydroida, Athecata, Capitata)." Invertebrate Biology 114, no. 2 (1995): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3226883.

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3

Cornelius, Paul F. S. "EuropeanObelia(Cnidaria, Hydroida): systematics and identification." Journal of Natural History 24, no. 3 (June 1990): 535–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939000770381.

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Cornelius, Paul F. S. "Evolution in leptolid life-cycles (Cnidaria: Hydroida)." Journal of Natural History 24, no. 3 (June 1990): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939000770391.

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5

Jones, D. "Rhizogeton Nudum (Cnidaria: Hydroida) in the British Isles." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72, no. 3 (August 1992): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400059476.

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Specimens of a hydroid species previously unrecorded in Britain have been found during the course of a long-term study of the coelenterate fauna of an intertidal mussel bed in Morecambe Bay, Lancashire. Specimens were sent for examination to Professor J. Bouillon who indentified them as Rhizogeton nudum Broch.The location and nature of the mussel bed, and the survey technique, have been described elsewhere (Jones & Miller, 1966; Jones & Clare, 1977; Jones, 1987). Rhizogeton nudum was observed in April and May 1987–91 and March 1989, on boulders where it was invariably associated with Clava multicomis (Forskal) and, more commonly, on mussel shells attached to these boulders. The few colonies recorded on boulders may have spread by stolon growth from attached shells.

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Pan, Hong-Chun, Hong-Yan Fang, Shi-Wei Li, Jun-Hong Liu, Ying Wang, and An-Tai Wang. "The complete mitochondrial genome ofHydra vulgaris(Hydroida: Hydridae)." Mitochondrial DNA 25, no. 6 (July 10, 2013): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.809437.

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7

Watson, Jeanette E. "The marine hydroids of south-eastern Australia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." Museum Victoria Science Reports 22 (March 13, 2024): 1–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mvsr.2024.22.

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The marine hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of south-eastern Australia are reviewed and commonly-encountered species are described and illustrated. A brief introduction to hydroid morphology, ecology and study methods is also provided, along with an account of early investigations into hydroids and a brief history of Australian hydroid studies.

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Allman, Professor G. J. "Report on the Hydroida collected during the Expeditions of H.M.S. ‘Porcupine’." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 8, no. 8 (July 7, 2010): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb00566.x.

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9

Zhican, Tang, and Huang Meijun. "A new species of the genusSymplectoscyphus (Hydroida) from the Huanghai Sea." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02850418.

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10

Pan, Hong-Chun, Xiao-Cheng Qian, Ping Li, Xiao-Fei Li, and An-Tai Wang. "The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese green hydra,Hydra sinensis(Hydroida: Hydridae)." Mitochondrial DNA 25, no. 1 (May 2, 2013): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.782017.

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11

Jarms, Gerhard, and Ehrhard Voigt. "Filelloides cretacea n. g. n. sp., ein durch Bioimmuration überlieferter Vertreter der Ordnung Hydroida (Hydrozoa) aus der Maastrichter Tuffkreide (Obermaastrichtium)." PalZ 68, no. 1-2 (March 1994): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02989441.

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12

Gravili, Cinzia, Ferdinando Boero, Pietro Alifano, and Loredana Stabili. "Association between luminous bacteria and Hydrozoa in the northern Ionian Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 6 (September 13, 2011): 1317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411001408.

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Several hydroid species live associated with many organisms, including bacteria. Hydroid–bacteria associations were searched for in twenty Hydrozoa species that were collected in the northern Ionian Sea and observed under blue light excitation. Of these, six showed high fluorescence on the outer perisarc, five appeared medium fluorescent, four were slightly fluorescent, and five did not show any fluorescence. Luminous bacteria were isolated and counted from the surface of the fluorescent hydroids. Their association with hydrozoan species could be explained by their feeding activity on the chitinous structures of the perisarc, as previous research on the hydroidAglaophenia octodontashowed. Moreover, microalgae were always recovered together with luminous bacteria in the strongly, medium and slightly fluorescent hydroids. Further studies will be undertaken to characterize the luminous bacteria isolated from the surface of the examined hydrozoans as well as to better understand whether their interaction with hydroids is only related to chitin utilization or if their coexistence with microalgae in hydrozoans has an ecological meaning.

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Gorelova, O. A., O. I. Baulina, I. A. Kosevich, and E. S. Lobakova. "Associations between the White Sea colonial hydroidDynamena pumilaand microorganisms." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 1 (June 14, 2012): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000690.

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Marine sessile invertebrates with outer skeleton constitute additional substrate for a diverse group of epibiotic organisms. Colonial hydroids are no exception. Large numbers of motile and sessile organisms use hydroid colonies covered with chitinous perisarc for permanent or temporal attachment. Such epibiotic associations between colonial hydroids and microorganisms are poorly studied and mostly known for subtropical regions. There are no data about the development of such epibiotic association and type of its specificity yet. The present paper for the first time describes the epibiotic association of the colonial thecate hydroidDynamena pumilafrom the high latitude sea. We reconstruct the spatial and temporal development of such epibiotic community and analyse the organization of the multicomponent biofilm covering the hydroid colony. Comparison of the epibiotic community in different seasons indicates for holding out of the basal features and components of the community during the whole year. Ultrastructural investigations revealed that components of the biofilm affect the outer skeleton of the hydroid colony that results in penetration of the microorganisms into the skeleton and even soft tissues. Our data allow supposing that association of hydroidD. pumilawith a microorganism community has features of a symbiotic system.

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Miglietta, M. P., L. Della Tommasa, F. Denitto, C. Gravili, P. Pagliara, J. Bouillon, and F. Boero. "Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)." Scientia Marina 64, S1 (December 30, 2000): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64s163.

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15

Voronkov, Andrey, Sofia D. Stepanjants, and Haakon Hop. "Hydrozoan diversity on hard bottom in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 7 (June 2, 2010): 1337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991573.

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Hydroids in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, were studied on five hard-bottom transects along gradients of environmental conditions from the glacier at the fjord's head to the fjord's mouth at depth-range 0–30 m. Hydrozoa colonies are widely distributed on rock and gravel substrata in Kongsfjorden. In general, however, hydroids are not dominant or subdominant in zoobenthic communities. The exception isSymplectoscyphus tricuspidatusvar.acuminatus, colonies of which were sometimes abundant enough to determine the community structure and characteristics of benthic diversity. Of the 23 species recorded in this study,Laomedea flexuosa,Phialella quadrataandHalecium tenellumas well as representatives of family Stylasteridae were recorded from Svalbard waters for the first time. Hydroid diversity was highest in the zoobenthic community structured by branched bryozoans. The abundance and distribution of hydroids were reduced, to some extent, in the inner part of the fjord compared to the outer fjord. Species richness of hydroids was high at shallow depths, decreased at around 15 m and then increased again to 30 m depth. Species with Low-boreal–Arctic and Panoceanic distributional ranges were the most frequently occurring species. Depth, type of background substratum and amount of silt on its surface were the main factors influencing hydroid distribution. Description of all recorded taxa distributions together with data on their habitat and associations in zoobenthic communities are presented in an Appendix.

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Gordon, D. P., J. L. d'Hondt, J. Watson, and M. Spencer Jones. "Discovery of the lost type species ofCaberea(Bryozoa) and the identity ofCaberea pinnataLamouroux, 1816 (Hydroida)." Journal of Natural History 32, no. 3 (March 1998): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939800770211.

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17

Huang, Yulin, Jingqiang Fu, Yutong Shi, Yunan Wang, Qi Cui, and Xikun Song. "Predation behaviour of millimetre-sized hydrozoan polyps on early ivory shell juveniles." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 6 (September 2020): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000788.

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AbstractMarine hydroids, the polyp stage of hydrozoans, are assumed to be carnivores and play an important role in benthic-pelagic coupling processes by regulating zooplankton populations and transferring energy. The known hydroid diets mainly consist of zooplankton as well as some benthic diatoms and metazoans, almost all of which have smaller dimensions than the polyp. In the present study, a large-scale breeding failure of the early juveniles of the ivory shell Babylonia areolata (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Babyloniidae) was found in a local aquaculture farm in Fujian, China in July 2018. About 640,000 out of 800,000 early juveniles (80%) died due to predation by a millimetre-sized colonial hydroid species that was initially overlooked. The hydrozoan species was identified as Eirene sp. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Eirenidae) via the integration of morphological and molecular data. A laboratory feeding experiment showed that the hydroid predation led to an overall mortality of ivory shell juveniles of up to 92.6% after 48 h. The predation process was observed in the laboratory and a video showing the entire process was prepared. This is the first report of hydroids preying on gastropod juveniles, revealing a previously unknown threat to mollusc aquaculture including ivory shells. Several management practices are suggested to mitigate this newly recognized threat.

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OHTSU, Kohzoh. "Antagonistical phenomena on ultraviolet and visible light in photic sense system of Spirocodon saltatrix of Hydroida." Dobutsu seiri 6, no. 1 (1989): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3330/hikakuseiriseika1984.6.32.

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19

ALTUNA, ÁLVARO. "The life cycle of Eucheilota medusifera ? (Torrey, 1902), comb. nov. [=Campalecium medusiferum] (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lovenellidae) from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), including a description of the adult medusa." Zootaxa 1856, no. 1 (August 25, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1856.1.1.

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The life cycle of Campalecium medusiferum ? Torrey, 1902 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) was traced in the laboratory from material collected from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic). Both newly released and one-month-old male medusae with fully-grown gonads are described, with remarks on their biology and behaviour. The adult medusa corresponds with the diagnosis of Eucheilota McCrady, 1859, and the species is reassigned from Haleciidae Hincks, 1868 to Lovenellidae Russell, 1953. The genus Campalecium Torrey, 1902 can be considered valid only if the characters of a species with Halecium-like polyps and Eucheilota-like medusae are considered of generic significance. Instead, the species studied here is assigned to Eucheilota, as E. medusifera ? (Torrey, 1902) (comb. nov.), and Campalecium is considered a likely synonym of that genus. The medusa is different from Lovenella cirrata (Haeckel, 1879), type species of the genus Mitrocomium Haeckel, 1879, previously suggested to have been linked to the same hydroid in the Mediterranean. A supposed connection between medusae of L. cirrata and Halecium-like hydroids cannot be supported, and assigning these hydroids to Mitrocomium is rejected. Future studies may prove that Halecium-like hydroids release medusae of diverse genera within the family Lovenellidae.

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Mendoza-Becerril, María A., Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza, Alejandra Mazariegos-Villarreal, Crisalejandra Rivera-Perez, Dale R. Calder, Erika F. Vázquez-Delfín, Yolanda Freile-Pelegrín, José Agüero, and Daniel Robledo. "Epibiont hydroids on beachcast Sargassum in the Mexican Caribbean." PeerJ 8 (August 24, 2020): e9795. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9795.

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Massive accumulations of pelagic species of Sargassum have generated recent social, economic and ecological problems along Caribbean shores. In the Mexican Caribbean, these events have prompted the study of diverse biological and ecological aspects of these macroalgae. However, studies on their associated biota, including Hydrozoa, remain scarce. This research provides important species observations in an area where data is lacking. The occurrence and percent cover of hydroids on Sargassum thalli collected on the beach at Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico from April 2018 to March 2019 was studied. Three pelagic species and morphotypes of Sargassum from this area were analyzed: Sargassum fluitans III, S. natans I and S. natans VIII, as well as a benthic species, S. polyceratium var. ovatum. A total of 14 taxa of hydroids, belonging to the superorders “Anthoathecata” and Leptothecata, were identified. In our study, more hydroid taxa were observed on axes of the different species of Sargassum than on leaves or aerocysts. In general, the greatest species richness of hydroids was observed from February to April. Results show that live hydrozoans attached to pelagic Sargassum are transported into the area. This should be considered in future management measures that address the recurring coastal abundance of Sargassum and its associated biota in the Caribbean region.

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CALDER, DALE R., and LESTER D. STEPHENS. "The hydroid research of American naturalist Samuel F. Clarke, 1851–1928." Archives of Natural History 24, no. 1 (February 1997): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1997.24.1.19.

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Samuel Fessenden Clarke was the leading specialist on hydroids (phylum Cnidaria) in North America over the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During that period he published taxonomic papers on hydroids from both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the continent, from the Gulf of Mexico, and from the eastern Pacific off Central and South America. He also authored a section on hydrozoan biology for “The Riverside Natural History” series. Most of his papers on hydroids were published while he was in his twenties. Clarke described as new 61 nominal species, three nominal genera, and one nominal family, as well as two “varieties” of hydroids. A list of these, and their current taxonomic status, appears in the present work. Clarke consistently provided sound descriptions and locality data for all supposed new species, and drew accurate illustrations of most of them. His research on Hydrozoa, beyond alphataxonomy, was directed towards faunal distributions and the use of hydroid assemblages as biogeographic indicators. In addition to investigations on hydroids, Clarke carried out research on the developmental biology of amphibians and reptiles. His doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins University was based on the embryology of the “Spotted Salamander” (=Yellow-spotted Salamander), and he published a major paper on the habits and embryology of the American Alligator. Most of Clarke's career was devoted to academic duties at Williams College, Massachusetts, where he was recognized as a dedicated and inspiring teacher. He served the American Society of Naturalists in various capacities, including a term as its president, was an influential trustee of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, and promoted the study of science in American schools.

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Calder, Dale R. "Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 2067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-288.

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Hydroid species composition on various substrates in a mangrove ecosystem was investigated during the winter of 1987 at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Soft sediments, on which hydroids were either depauperate (peat) or not observed at all (silt, sand, mud), predominated in the study area. However, firm substrates, including submerged prop roots of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum), benthic algae (Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta), floating algae (Turbinaria turbinata and Sargassum fluitans), epibenthic invertebrates (especially sponges, hydroids, molluscs, and crustaceans), wood, and rope, supported a moderately diverse hydroid fauna (48 species). More hydroid species (22) were found on mangrove prop roots than on any other substrate. Six substrate groups and 11 species groups were recognized in numerical analyses of hydroid–substrate frequency data. Constancy of species groups for substrate groups was mostly low or very low, reflecting the low frequency of occurrence of most hydroid species in collections from Twin Cays. Fidelity of some species groups for certain substrate groups was high, especially for those groups occurring on drifting algae and rope. Although most hydroid species were relatively facultative with respect to substrate, bottom type was an important factor influencing their distributions.

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Di Camillo, C. G., G. Bavestrello, L. Valisano, and S. Puce. "Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 8 (November 17, 2008): 1589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002981.

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The hydroid assemblage of the Siladen Island coral reef (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) is made up of 107 species belonging to 51 genera and 28 families. The study of their spatial distribution has identified three different zones which are well-characterized: (1) the reef flat, where hydroids are mainly represented by cryptic species living in the shady crevices of the corals, epibiontic on sponges or sea grasses; (2) the edge of the reef characterized by hydroids growing mainly on the shady side of the corals, with the exception of the tufts of the large colonies of the stinging zooxanthellateAglaophenia cupressina; and (3) the vertical reef, where hydroids reach their maximum diversity and abundance and are often involved in symbiotic relationships.The number of hydroid species shows a seasonal trend with a summer minimum (July–September) and a winter maximum (November–February). The strong correlation between these variations and the abundance of rainfall suggests that food availability, strictly related to the seasonal amount of rain, represents the main abiotic factor triggering the hydroid species richness and the abundance of this tropical assemblage.

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Watson, J. E. "Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Queensland." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59, no. 2 (2002): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2002.59.6.

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Govindarajan, Annette F., Laura Cooney, Kerry Whittaker, Dana Bloch, Rachel M. Burdorf, Shalagh Canning, Caroline Carter, et al. "The distribution and mitochondrial genotype of the hydroid Aglaophenia latecarinata is correlated with its pelagic Sargassum substrate type in the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic Ocean." PeerJ 7 (October 18, 2019): e7814. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7814.

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The pelagic brown macroalga Sargassum supports rich biological communities in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic region, including a variety of epiphytic invertebrates that grow on the Sargassum itself. The thecate hydroid Aglaophenia latecarinata is commonly found growing on some, but not all, Sargassum forms. In this study, we examined the relationship between A. latecarinata and its pelagic Sargassum substrate across a broad geographic area over the course of 4 years (2015–2018). The distribution of the most common Sargassum forms that we observed (Sargassum fluitans III and S. natans VIII) was consistent with the existence of distinct source regions for each. We found that A. latecarinata hydroids were abundant on both S. natans VIII and S. fluitans III, and also noted a rare observation of A. latecarinata on S. natans I. For the hydroids on S. natans VIII and S. fluitans III, hydroid mitochondrial genotype was strongly correlated with the Sargassum substrate form. We found significant population genetic structure in the hydroids, which was also consistent with the distributional patterns of the Sargassum forms. These results suggest that hydroid settlement on the Sargassum occurs in type-specific Sargassum source regions. Hydroid species identification is challenging and cryptic speciation is common in the Aglaopheniidae. Therefore, to confirm our identification of A. latecarinata, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis that showed that while the genus Aglaophenia was not monophyletic, all A. latecarinata haplotypes associated with pelagic Sargassum belonged to the same clade and were likely the same species as previously published sequences from Florida, Central America, and one location in Brazil (São Sebastião). A nominal A. latecarinata sequence from a second Brazilian location (Alagoas) likely belongs to a different species.

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Bavestrello, Giorgio, Carlo Cerrano, Cristina Di Camillo, Stefania Puce, Tiziana Romagnoli, Silvia Tazioli, and Cecilia Totti. "The ecology of protists epibiontic on marine hydroids." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 8 (August 4, 2008): 1611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001665.

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Several hydroid species have an epibiontic lifestyle, living associated with organisms of many different phyla. On the other hand, hydroids can also host dense assemblages of microflora and microfauna, mainly composed of protists and bacteria. Among protists, diatoms are the most abundant and diversified group, followed by foraminifera and sessile ciliata such asVorticellaand suctorians. Regarding the spatial distribution of epibionts, hydroid colonies represent a mosaic of different microhabitats: in some species, each colony portion (base of the stem, branches, pedicels, inner space between the polyp and the theca) hosts different diatom species. Moreover, three foram species have been shown to occupy different positions according to the plasticity of their shell. A host specificity has been also observed: some epibionts are typical of only one or a group of species, such asVorticellaliving on the teeth of theAglaopheniathecae or coralline algae that cover mainlyAglaopheniaandSertularellacolonies. The microassemblage associated toEudendrium racemosumshowed a typical seasonal cycle and a vertical distribution which reflects the selective advantage of the different life forms. Experiments with plastic structures miming hydroid colonies demonstrated that the living hydroid affects the assemblage structure. Probably, the perisarc composition and secondary metabolites play a crucial role in the relationships between hydroids and their microassemblage.

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Puce, Stefania, Cristina Gioia Di Camillo, and Giorgio Bavestrello. "Hydroids symbiotic with octocorals from the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 8 (August 4, 2008): 1643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001094.

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Hydroids symbiotic with octocorals in the Bunaken Marine Park and in the Lembeh Strait (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) were studied. Four species,Hydrichthella epigorgia,Ralpharia neira,Pteroclava krempfiandZanclea timidasp. nov. were recorded and are described. The new speciesZ. timidais the only one of the genus associated with an octocoral. It is characterized by a naked hydrorhiza producing nematocyst knobs and by polyps which are able to retract into their own rigid, cup-shaped, basal region. The relationship between epibiontic hydroids and their octocoral hosts affects the morphology of both partners. The hydrorhiza ofHydrichthella epigorgiais naked when associated withAnthoplexaura dimorpha, but perisarc-covered when growing on other gorgonian host species. Vice versa, the hydroid is also able to affect the host morphology:Ralpharia neirainducesEllisellasp. to develop new branches, with the inner skeleton enveloping the hydroid stem.

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Calder, Dale R. "Axel Elof Jäderholm (1868–1927) of Sweden: educator, hydrozoan zoologist and botanist." Archives of Natural History 41, no. 2 (October 2014): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0245.

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Axel Elof Jäderholm was born in Söderhamn, Sweden, on 24 July 1868. In 1888 he entered Uppsala Universitet, earning undergraduate (1892) and doctorate (1898) degrees. His doctoral dissertation was based on an anatomical study of South American Peperomia (Piperaceae). While a graduate student he commenced research on hydroids in collections at the university's natural history museum. A science teacher by profession, he served schools in Uppsala (1900–1901), Norrköping (1901–1905; 1913–1927), Örebro (1905) and Västervik (1905–1913). In addition to teaching, he undertook research in botany (especially mosses) and zoology (hydroids). A focus of work between 1903 and 1905 involved examination of hydroid collections at the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm) and the Imperial St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (Russia). Jäderholm's field work dealt largely with bryophytes, although his scientific publications (21 of 28) were mostly on taxonomy of hydroids. His hydroid work was mainly on species from northern Europe, the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic, southern regions of South America, and the western Pacific (especially Japan). He established two new genera and 69 new species of hydroids, a majority of the latter still being recognized as valid. Jäderholm was created a knight of the Order of the Polar Star (Riddare av Nordstjärneorden) in Sweden for accomplishments in science and education. After suffering a series of acute illnesses over the last two years of his life, he died in Norrköping on 5 March 1927 and was buried in Uppsala. Five species of hydroids have been named in his honour.

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Song, Xikun, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Mingxin Lyu, Xi Liu, Jian Wang, and Jian Han. "Advanced Cambrian hydroid fossils (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) extend the medusozoan evolutionary history." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1944 (February 3, 2021): 20202939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2939.

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Primitive cnidarians are crucial for elucidating the early evolution of metazoan body plans and life histories in the late Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic. The highest complexity of both evolutionary aspects within cnidarians is found in extant hydrozoans. Many colonial hydrozoans coated with chitinous exoskeletons have the potential to form fossils; however, only a few fossils possibly representing hydroids have been reported, which still require scrutiny. Here, we present an exceptionally well-preserved hydroid found in the Upper Cambrian Fengshan Formation in northern China. It was originally interpreted as a problematic graptolite with an uncertain systematic position. Based on three characteristic morphological traits shared with extant hydroids (with paired hydrothecae, regular hydrocaulus internodes and special intrathecal origin pattern of hydrocladium), we propose this fossil hydroid as a new genus, Palaeodiphasia gen. nov., affiliated with the advanced monophyletic hydrozoan clade Macrocolonia typically showing loss of the medusa stage. More Macrocolonia fossils reviewed here indicate that this life strategy of medusa loss has been achieved already as early as the Middle Devonian. The early stratigraphical appearance of such advanced hydroid contrasts with previous molecular hypotheses regarding the timing of medusozoan evolution, and may be indicative for understanding the Ediacaran cnidarian radiation.

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Henry, Lea-Anne. "Hydroids associated with deep-sea corals in the boreal north-west Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 1 (February 2001): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401003502.

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This paper reports on the distribution of epifaunal hydroids associated with deep-sea corals collected from the boreal north-west Atlantic. Thirteen hydroid species were collected from only four coral specimens, suggesting that northern corals support highly diverse epifaunal communities.

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Seveso, D., D. Maggioni, R. Arrigoni, E. Montalbetti, ML Berumen, P. Galli, and S. Montano. "Environmental gradients and host availability affecting the symbiosis between Pteroclava krempfi and alcyonaceans in the Saudi Arabian central Red Sea." Marine Ecology Progress Series 653 (October 29, 2020): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13509.

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Interspecific associations are common in coral reefs, but those involving hydrozoans and octocorals have not been widely investigated. The hydroid Pteroclava krempfi (Hydrozoa, Cladocorynidae) lives in association with different soft coral taxa (Alcyonacea), showing a widespread distribution. However, very little information is available on the ecology of these relationships. Here, we tested for differences in the taxon-specific prevalence and habitat preference of the symbiosis and determined ecological traits of the P. krempfi-host associations in central Red Sea reefs. P. krempfi was found associated with the alcyonacean genera Lobophytum, Rhytisma, Sarcophyton and Sinularia, updating its host range and geographic distribution. The symbiosis prevalence was high in the area and especially at inshore sites compared to midshore and offshore sites. Rhytisma was the most common host, while the association with Lobophytum showed the lowest taxon-specific prevalence. P. krempfi did not show a clear preference for a specific alcyonacean size, and an increase in host size automatically led to an increase in the surface occupied by hydrozoans, although they rarely colonized more than 50% of the upper surface of the host. The spatial distribution of the hydroids on the host surface appeared related to the host genus and size as well as to the coverage of the hydroids. Despite the nature of this symbiosis requiring further investigation, P. krempfi did not seem to play a role in affecting the bleaching susceptibilities of the host colonies. The study shows that the Red Sea coral reef symbioses are more widespread than previously known and therefore deserve more attention.

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MENDOZA-BECERRIL, MARÍA A., MARIAE C. ESTRADA-GONZÁLEZ, ALEJANDRA MAZARIEGOS-VILLARREAL, LUISA RESTREPO-AVENDAÑO, ROGELIO D. VILLAR-BELTRÁN, JOSÉ AGÜERO, and AMANDA F. CUNHA. "Taxonomy and diversity of Hydrozoa (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) of La Paz Bay, Gulf of California." Zootaxa 4808, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4808.1.1.

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The Mexican Pacific has been the focus of several research expeditions, with 90 species of hydromedusae and more than 200 species of hydroids recorded for the region. However, only a few of these reports include taxonomic descriptions, hindering inferences of the phylogenetic relationships, species boundaries, and diversity of Hydrozoa in Mexican waters. In this study, we present detailed and illustrated descriptions of new records of hydromedusae and hydroids for La Paz Bay, Gulf of California. We found a total of 16 species comprising 15 genera, with three new records for the Gulf of California (polyps of Antennella secundaria, Bimeria vestita, and Ventromma halecioides), two new records for the Mexican Pacific (medusa of Clytia linearis, polyp of Halopteris violae), and we redescribe Obelia tenuis. We show that the diversity of Hydrozoa in the Mexican Pacific is likely underestimated, and we emphasize the importance of taxonomic and systematic studies of hydroids and hydromedusae in Mexico.

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Kambey, Alex D. "MOLUSKA PADA HYDROID (Aglaophenia cupressina) DI PERAIRAN BARAT PULAU SILADEN MANADO SULAWESI UTARA." JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS 7, no. 1 (November 16, 2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jpkt.7.1.2011.9.

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Mollusks are one of benthic organisms that live on the sea bottom, often on the roots, stems, and leaves of plants. Hydroids (Aglaophenia cupressina), one constituent of coral reef organisms in the waters of Siladen Island, Manado, North Sulawesi, which is also an organism that has stingy nematocysts for divers in the region where they live, is a habitat of mollusks. Hydroids sampling was done by Scuba diving at 5 different depths, reef-flat, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m, respectively. All mollusks specimens were taken to the laboratory for species identification. Results found three species of epibiont mollusks on the hydroids, in which the bigger the hydroid size the larger the volume, and higher number was found. This results from that the mollusks use the hydroids as a shelter from predator attacks, strong currents and waves, and food search.

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Peña Cantero, A. L., and A. M. García Carrascosa. "Biogeographical distribution of the benthic thecate hydroids collected during the Spanish Antartida 8611 expedition and comparison between Antarctic and Magellan benthic hydroid faunas." Scientia Marina 63, S1 (December 30, 1999): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.1999.63s1209.

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Calder, Dale R. "Vertical zonation of the hydroid Dynamena crisioides (Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) in a mangrove ecosystem at Twin Cays, Belize." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-422.

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Dynamena crisioides is generally restricted to lower intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats along tropical and subtropical coasts. The hydroid was abundant during this study on prop roots of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) at Twin Cays, Belize, where it ranged vertically from 1.1 m below mean tide level (MTL) to 2–3 cm above MTL. The estimated percentage cover of the hydroid was maximal in the lower half of the intertidal zone (MTL and 0.1 m below MTL) and declined rapidly above and below that level. Colony height and number of branches per colony were also consistently highest in hydroids from the lower half of the intertidal zone. The percentage of colonies with gonophores was lowest at the lower and upper vertical limits of the species. Field observations and transplantation experiments suggest that the lower limits of D. crisioides are established by competition for space (with algae, sponges, and ascidians), smothering (by algae, sponges, ascidians, and other hydroids), and predation (by fishes). Desiccation was considered the prime factor determining the upper limits of the hydroid. Colonies transplanted to the supratidal zone were in good condition after 24 h, alive but in poor condition after 48 h, and dead after 72 and 96 h of exposure.

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WATSON, JEANETTE E. "Some Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Great Australian Bight in the collection of the South Australian Museum." Zootaxa 4410, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.1.

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This report adds to knowledge of the shelf hydroid fauna of the Great Australian Bight. Hydroids were collected by the South Australian Museum and Department of Primary Industries of South Australia (PIRSA). Well known species are annotated, poorly known species are redescribed and four new species are described.

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Watson, Jeanette W. "Deep–water hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Macquarie Island." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60, no. 2 (2003): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.18.

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Calder, Dale R. "Bougainvillia aberrans (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), a new species of hydroid and medusa from the upper bathyal zone off Bermuda." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-132.

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Bougainvillia aberrans n.sp. is described from Bermuda in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Specimens were collected at a depth of 150 fathoms (274 m) from the polypropylene buoy line of a crab trap. The hydroid colony of B. aberrans is erect, with a polysiphonic hydrocaulus, a smooth to somewhat wrinkled perisarc, hydranths having a maximum of about 16 tentacles, and medusa buds arising only from hydranth pedicels. Medusae liberated in the laboratory from these hydroids differ from all other known species of the genus in having a long, spindle-shaped manubrium, lacking oral tentacles, having marginal tentacles reduced to mere stubs, and being very short-lived (surviving for a few hours at most). Gonads develop in medusa buds while they are still attached to the hydroids, and gametes are shed either prior to liberation of the medusae or shortly thereafter. The eggs are surrounded by an envelope bearing nematocysts (heterotrichous microbasic euryteles). The cnidome of both hydroid and medusa stages consists of desmonemes and heterotrichous microbasic euryteles. The diagnosis of the genus Bougainvillia is modified to accommodate this new deep-water species.

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Bode, Hans. "Hydroids, peptides, and evolution: Seventh International Workshop on Hydroid Development." BioEssays 20, no. 3 (December 6, 1998): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199803)20:3<270::aid-bies11>3.0.co;2-0.

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GALEA, HORIA R., GÜNTER FÖRSTERRA, and VERENA HÄUSSERMANN. "Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile." Zootaxa 1650, no. 1 (November 30, 2007): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1650.1.4.

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This report considers five species of hydroids collected during a scientific expedition to the Northern Patagonian Zone of Chile in March 2007. Two poorly known species, Halecium fraseri Ralph, 1958 (Haleciidae) and Thuiaria polycarpa Kirchenpauer, 1884 (Sertulariidae), are redescribed from new, fertile material. The genus Parathuiaria Leloup, 1974 is assigned to the synonymy of Thuiaria Fleming, 1828, and notes are provided on the taxonomy of its type species, T. polycarpa. Three other hydroid species, Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861 (Haleciidae), Amphisbetia operculata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sertulariidae), and an athecate hydroid tentatively assigned to the genus Turritopsis McCrady, 1857 (Oceaniidae), are mentioned and accompanied by figures and brief remarks.

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Watson, Jeanette E. "Five athecate hydroids (hydrozoa: anthoathecata) from south-eastern australia." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73 (2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2015.73.03.

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Watson, Jeanette E. "Bathyal and abyssal hydroids (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from southeastern Australia." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78 (December 20, 2019): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.04.

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Park, Jung-Hee. "New Records of Four Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in Korea." Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2007): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/kjsz.2007.23.1.051.

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Park, Jung-Hee. "New Records of Three Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in Korea." Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 24, no. 2 (July 31, 2008): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/kjsz.2008.24.2.179.

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ÀNGEL, JOAN J. SOTO, and ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO. "Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)." Zootaxa 4570, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1.

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Hydrozoans are a conspicuous component of Antarctic benthic communitites. Recent taxonomic effort has led to a substantial increase in knowledge on the diversity of benthic hydroids from some areas of the Southern Ocean, including the Weddell Sea, the largest sea in the Antarctic region. However, the study of many hydrozoan taxa are still pending, and the diversity in this huge region is expected to be higher than currently known. In order to contribute to the knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of these cnidarians, a study of unpublished material collected by several German Antarctic expeditions aboard the RV Polarstern in the eastern sector of the Weddell Sea has been conducted. A total of 77 species belonging to 22 families and 28 genera of benthic hydroids have been inventoried, constituting the most prolific collection hitherto analyzed. Most species (81%) belong to Leptothecata, but the observed share of Anthoathecata (19%) is higher than in previous Antarctic hydrozoan studies. Symplectoscyphidae was the most speciose family with 16 representatives (22%), followed by Haleciidae with 10 (14%) and Staurothecidae with 8 (11%). The number of species known in the area was increased with 27 new records, including several species rarely documented. As a result, the Weddell Sea becomes the second Antarctic region in terms of hydrozoan diversity, with 89 species known to date. Novel data on the use of substrate, reproductive phenology, and bathymetric range are provided for the inventoried species.

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GIL, MARTA, FRAN RAMIL, and JOSÉ ANSÍN AGÍS. "Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds." Zootaxa 4878, no. 3 (November 16, 2020): 412–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2.

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Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. "Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Balleny Islands (Antarctica)." Polar Biology 32, no. 12 (June 30, 2009): 1743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0673-7.

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Oliveira, Otto M. P., and Antonio C. Marques. "Epiphytic hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata) of the World." Check List 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/3.1.21.

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Hydroids are an important component of marine epiphytic communities worldwide. We compiled data from several faunistic, taxonomic, and ecologic studies to prepare a list of 200 morphotypes (46 Anthoathecates and 154 Leptothecates) and their respective phytal substrata. The goal of this checklist is to support future biogeographical and ecological inferences concerning this important biota.

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Calder, Dale R. "Subtidal Hydroids (Cnidaria) of Northumberland Strait, Atlantic Canada, with Observations on Their Life Cycles and Distributions." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i4.824.

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Hydroids were examined in collections from a biological survey of Northumberland Strait undertaken by Fisheries and Oceans Canada from June to August 1975. No investigations have been undertaken previously on hydroids of the study area. Forty-eight species referable to 12 families were present in the samples, with Sertulariidae dominating in both numbers of species (12) and frequency. Gonophores were found in 30 of the species. As usual in hydroids of higher latitudes, a majority of those represented do not have a medusa stage in their life cycle. Gonophores in 42 of the 48 species are known to be fixed sporosacs while free medusae or medusoids occur in only six. Two major species groups were distinguished in a numerical analysis of hydroid species/station data. One of these groups included the three most ubiquitous species (Calycella syringa, Hydrallmania falcata, Sertularia latiuscula) together with 15 others most prevalent in samples from shallower (<20 m) and warmer stations. The second group included species occurring primarily in samples from stations in deeper (>20 m) and mostly colder waters. Two species (Lafoeina tenuis, Halecium lankesteri) are new to the Atlantic coast of North America. Eight others (Bougainvillia sp., Eudendrium dispar, Eudendrium ramosum, Cuspidella humilis, Opercularella pumila, Halecium scutum, Halecium sessile, Diphasia fallax) are reported in the southwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence for the first time. The subtidal hydroid fauna in open waters of Northumberland Strait is a cold-water assemblage typical of the boreal zone in the western North Atlantic, and no relict warm-temperate species were found.

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Tang, L., H. X. Li, and Y. Yan. "Temporal and spatial distribution of the meiobenthic community in Daya Bay, South China Sea." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 2 (April 24, 2012): 1853–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-1853-2012.

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Abstract. Spatial and temporal biodiversity patterns of the meiobenthos were studied for the first time in Daya Bay, which is a tropical semi-enclosed basin located in the South China Sea. The abundance, biomass, and composition of the meiobenthos and the basic environmental factors in the bay were investigated. The following 19 taxonomic groups were represented in the meiofauna: Nematoda, Copepoda, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Kinorhyncha, Gastrotricha, Ostracoda, Bivalvia, Turbellaria, Nemertinea, Sipuncula, Hydroida, Amphipoda, Cumacea, Halacaroidea, Priapulida, Echinodermata, Tanaidacea, and Rotifera. Total abundance and biomass of the meiobenthos showed great spatial and temporal variation, with mean values of 993.57 ± 455.36 ind cm−2 and 690.51 ± 210.64 μg 10 cm−2, respectively. Nematodes constituted 95.60 % of the total abundance and thus had the greatest effect on meiofauna quantity and distribution, followed by copepods (1.55 %) and polychaetes (1.39 %). Meiobenthos abundance was significantly negatively correlated with water depth at stations (r=−0.747, P<0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with silt-clay content (r=−0.516, P<0.01) and medium diameter (r=−0.499, P<0.01) of the sediment. Similar results were found for correlations of biomass and abundance of nematodes with environmental parameters. Polychaete abundance was positively correlated with the bottom water temperature (r=0.456, P<0.01). Meiobenthos abundance differed significantly among seasons (P<0.05), although no significant difference among stations and the interaction of station × season was detected by two-way ANOVA. In terms of vertical distribution, most of the meiobenthos was found in the surface layer of sediment. This pattern was apparent for nematodes and copepods, but a vertical distribution pattern for polychaetes was not as obvious. Based on the biotic indices and analyses of their correlations and variance, the diversity of this community was likely to be influenced by environmental variations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydroida'

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