Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrogénation de CO2'
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Savourey, Solene. "Nouveaux procédés de réduction catalytique du CO2 en consommables chimiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV051/document.
Full textFossil resources have been extensively used for the past 200 years allowing a fast paced industrializationin our society. However we are facing today several challenges to preserve our way of life 1) CO2 shouldbe captured and stored/used to avoid large quantity of CO2 to be released in the atmosphere 2) Bypassthe use of fossil resource by using another source of carbon for the synthesis of chemicals 3) Developefficient energy storage technologies to rely more on renewable intermittent energy sources. As CO2 is acheap widely available resource, this waste could be used as well as a source of carbon for the synthesisof value added chemicals but also as a way to store energy in the tandem CO2/MeOH. However as it isan inert gas few processes using CO2 have been industrialized so far.Inspired by Nature’s way to use CO2 we decided to design new reactions from carbon monoxide andformic acid, two derivatives easily available from CO2 that could enable us to overcome the limitationwe faced with CO2. We therefore studied the transformation of CO2 to methanol using formic acid as anintermediate and a reductant and we subsequently used this reaction to perform the methylation ofaromatic amines using formic acid. Finally we developed a new reaction of amines homologation withcarbon monoxide allowing the formation of several C–C bonds
Jiang, Qian. "Direct dimethyl ether synthesis from CO2/H2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF041/document.
Full textDME is a clean fuel that helps to diminish the emissions of green house gases; it is as well a platform molecule for the energy storage. The objective of the thesis is the development of bifunctional catalytic materials for the direct DME synthesis from CO2/H2 based on Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 as the methanol synthesis from CO2/H2 catalyst and Al-TUD-1 as the methanol dehydration to DME catalyst. In this thesis, Al-TUD-1 was investigated as the methanol dehydration to DME catalyst for the first time. The methanol dehydration to DME performance increases with the decrease of Si/Al ratio. The bifunctional catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation deposition method. The SMSI was demonstrated and was beneficial for the metallic copper dispersion, the metallic copper surface area increases with the Si/Al ratio. In the same time the blockage of acid sites of Al-TUD-1 by copper was observed. In order to expose the acid sites of Al-TUD-1, the core shell method was adopted to prepare the bifunctional catalyst. It helps to free the acid function preventing its blockage by copper. This method of synthesis was beneficial for the stability of metallic copper particles, but performed low conversions of CO2/H2 due to the inaccessibility of the core. Another bifunctional catalyst was prepared by physically mixing method for comparison. The optimization of the bifunctional Cu/ZnO/ZrO2@Al-TUD-1 catalyst for the direct DME synthesis from CO2/H2 allowed enlightening the main parameters that affect the intimate contact of two catalytic functions: copper surface area and dispersion, acid and basic properties, water presence and the accessibility of the active sites for the reactants
Angelo, Laetitia. "Développement de catalyseurs pour la synthèse de méthanol produit par hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF051/document.
Full textNumerous measures to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, already exist; however they are still insufficient. It is in this context that the ANR project VItESSE2 emerged to develop a method for converting CO2 produced by industries. The aim of this project is to transform CO2 into methanol, by reduction with hydrogen produced by water electrolysis using electricity provided by decarbonised energies (nuclear and renewable energies). This process also allows to secure a management function of the electrical grid by connecting the production of hydrogen to the available quantity of electricity in the network. The main objectives of this thesis are the synthesis and the characterization of efficient catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation into methanol and the development of reaction conditions leading to improved methanol productivity. The optimization of catalyst systems allowed to develop a CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 catalyst competitive in relation to commercial catalysts currently on the market
Wierzbicki, Dominik. "New nano-oxide catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation reaction." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS420.
Full textThe increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which is considered to be one of the anthropogenic sources of global warming, increased concerns and social awareness about the climate change. The strategies for CO2 emissions reduction may be divided into (i) carbon capture and storage (CCS) and (ii) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) groups. In comparison to CCS, the CCU technologies allow to convert carbon dioxide into a valuable product. Thus, CCU methods are treating CO2 as raw material and not as pollutant. Among the processes that convert CO2 into a valuable compound is carbon dioxide methanation. In this process carbon dioxide is hydrogenated to methane with hydrogen supplied via water electrolysis using e.g. excess energy. It should be mentioned that some industrial scale installation already exists (up to 10MW). The literature study suggests that the most appropriate active metal in this process is nickel due to (i) very good catalytic activity (comparable to noble metals), (ii) low cost and (iii) availability. As reported in literature, different strategies were implemented in order to increase the activity of Ni-based catalysts in CO2 methanation. The most common ones include using various supports, changing the content of nickel or introduction of promoters. These strategies change the physicochemical properties, such as interaction of nickel active phase with the support, which inhibits sintering and increases the CO2 adsorption capacity. The latter property , as well as stability towards sintering, are crucial in order to obtain an active, selective and stable catalyst for CO2 methanation reaction. The application of mixed oxides of magnesia and alumina allows to introduce these properties, as MgO possesses basic character and is strongly bonded with NiO due to the formation of a solid solution of NiO-MgO. Hydrotalcites seem to be the highly promising materials for such application, because NiO, MgO and Al2O3 may be easily introduced into such materials. Literature studies confirmed that Ni-containing hydrotalcites are very active in CO2 methanation. Therefore, the goal of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the catalytic properties of Ni-containing hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxide materials in CO2 methanation. As the literature review showed that there are not many studies focused on such materials in the mentioned field, this work was focused on filling these gaps. The work was divided into four parts: (i) evaluation of catalytic properties of hydrotalcites containing various amounts of nickel in brucite-like layers, (ii) evaluation of catalytic properties of nickel-containing hydrotalcites promoted with Fe or La, (iii) evaluation of the effect of different methods of introduction of La on catalytic properties of Ni-hydrotalcites, and (iv) optimization of the catalysts and examination of promoting effect of La. In order to correlate the changes of physico-chemical properties, of the materials prepared by co-precipitation, the catalysts were characterized by means of elemental analysis (ICP-MS or XRF), XRD, FTIR, low temperature nitrogen sorption, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD. Additionally, selected catalysts were characterized using TEM, XANES and XES. The catalytic tests were carried out in the temperature range from 250°C to 450°C. In order to elucidate the promoting effect of lanthanum introduction operando XANES and XES under various reaction conditions were implemented. (...)
Ji, Qinqin. "The synthesis of higher alcohols from CO2 hydrogenation with Co, Cu, Fe-based catalysts." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF023/document.
Full textCO2 is a clean carbon source for the chemical reactions, many researchers have studied the utilization of CO2. Higher alcohols are clean fuel additives. The synthesis of higher alcohols from CO hydrogenation has also been studied by many researchers, but there are few literatures about the synthesis of higher alcohols from CO2 hydrogenation, which is a complex and difficult reaction. The catalysts that used for higher alcohols synthesis need at least two active phases and goodcooperation. In our study, we tested the Co. Cu. Fe spinel-based catalysts and the effect of supports (CNTs and TUD-1) and promoters (K, Na, Cs) to the HAS reaction. We found that catalyst CuFe-precursor-800 is beneficial for the synthesis of C2+ hydrocarbons and higher alcohols. In the CO2 hydrogenation, Co acts as a methanation catalyst rather than acting as a FT catalyst, because of the different reaction mechanism between CO hydrogenation and CO2 hydrogenation. In order to inhibit the formation of huge amount of hydrocarbons, it is better to choose catalysts without Co in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Compared the functions of CNTs and TUD-1, we found that CNTs is a perfect support for the synthesis of long-chain products (higher alcohols and C2+ hydrocarbons). The TUD-1 support are more suitable for synthesis of single-carbon products (methane and methanol).The addition of alkalis as promoters does not only lead to increase the conversion of CO2 and H2, but also sharply increased the selectivity to the desired products, higher alcohols. The catalyst 0.5K30CuFeCNTs owns the highest productivities (370.7 g∙kg-1∙h-1) of higher alcohols at 350 °C and 50 bar
Lambeets, Sten. "Hydrogénation catalytique du CO2 sur le rhodium :étude des processus en surface et sous-surface par techniques d’émission de champ." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/263477.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kobl, Kilian. "Aspects mécanistiques et cinétiques de la production catalytique de méthanol à partir de CO2/H2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF023/document.
Full textIn view of the climate change and the energy transition, this work is part of the ANR project VItESSE2 about renewable electric energy storage and CO2 valorization by methanol hydrogenation on copper catalysts. During this thesis, an analytical method for copper surface measurement by N2O chemisorption was developed. Based on catalytic tests at 50 bar, kinetic models for Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalysts were elaborated. For the study of the mechanism, a diffuse reflection infrared setup was developed in order to study different catalysts for methanol synthesis and water-gas shift reaction. The setup was used for in situ catalytic tests at 34 bar under reaction flow. The study was complemented by temperature programmed desorption experiments with different probe molecules. The results suggest that the Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst is more selective for methanol than Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and that a preparation method which favors Cu–ZnO–ZrO2 interactions can be beneficial for catalytic activity
Kriaa, Karim. "Mise au point d'un réacteur de synthèse en milieu CO2 supercritique : étude de l'hydrogénation catalytique de constituants organiques." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3006.
Full textCatalytic hydrogenation is one of the process keys in the chemical industry. The performances of hydrogenation and the distribution of its products are strongly influenced, by the activity, the selectivity and the interactions between the kinetic reactions and the transfer of matter. The catalytic hydrogenations are usually made in triphasic medium formed by liquid, gas and a solid catalyst. Thus, the transfer of matter between the interfaces can limit reaction kinetics. Then, supercritical CO2 offers a particularly interesting reactional medium, which can attenuate or remove some of these limitations. It constitutes a monophasic fluid allowing a good matter transfer, and having simultaneously a solvent capacity adjustable according temperature and pressure, a very good transport properties, and an easily separation solvent/reaction product by returning to the atmospheric pressure (contrary to organic solvents which generally require an additional treatment). A bibliographical study shows that the implementation of a chemical reaction in supercritical medium constitutes a very interesting field innovating. For the reason, we conceived and developed a new pilot allowing the study of synthesis reactions in supercritical medium. This pilot equipped with an agitated engine, feeds by tree distinct lines. During our work we studied two hydrogenation reactions in supercritical CO2 : hydrogenation of but-2-yne-1,4-diol and limonene. In the first reaction, we note that hydrogenation of but-2-yne-1,4-diol in supercritical medium is about 3 to 4 times faster than in organic solvent (biphasic medium). Moreover, no secondary product was detected during the study. On the other hand, the second reaction was studied in gas/liquid medium very close to the supercritical field and the study show a fast kinetics. In more, these new reaction conditions make it possible to work with high concentrations; what is very interesting for the industry
Vibhatavata, Phuangphet. "Fabrication de carburant synthétique par valorisation du CO2 et de la chaleur nucléaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10208/document.
Full textThis work is in the context of large-scale efforts to enhance greenhouse gas emissionsmitigation. A potential way to recycle CO2 as a carbon feedstock to produce a synthetic fuelby the conversion of CO2 and hydrogen, produced from water electrolysis using nuclear orrenewable energy. This process may be sustainable in some specific context like in Frenchcontext; French electricity is mainly generated by nuclear and renewable energies that havelow carbon footprints. In this work, a synthetic fuel is produced by CO2 hydrogenation intosynthesis gas via the Reverse Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction, then synthesis gas isconverted into a synthetic fuel. This research project consists of two main parts:The first part focuses on the development of a selective and stable catalyst for the RWGSreaction at moderate temperature (723-773 K). We have applied the micro-kinetic approach ofthe RWGS reaction and its side reactions in order to determine a multi-metallic catalyst,which has shown to perform better selectivity and stability than a conventional, commercialcatalyst under the optimal operating conditions of the RWGS reaction. In the second part, weconducted the simulations of a large-scale dimethyl ether (DME) production process by theconversion of CO2 from industrial flue gases in the French context. The simulation of the CO2to DME process showed the process energy efficiency of 52% and the emissions reductionpotential of 88% of total CO2 emissions
Yan, Yilong. "Catalytic hydrogenation properties of MXenes promoted by single metal atoms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10190.
Full textTwo-dimensional materials attract considerable interest due to their distinctive properties. MXenes, derived from MAX phases through the selective etching of the A element (e.g. Al, Ga or Si), exhibit a wide range of chemistries and potential catalytic applications. These materials possess the chemical formula Mn+1XnTx, where M represents an early transition metal, X is either C or N, and Tx denotes surface terminations (e.g. -O, -OH, -F). Single-atom catalysts (SACs), which comprise isolated metal atoms on supports such as metal oxides or carbon, offer high atomic efficiency and possess distinctive electronic properties with respect to nanoparticulate counterparts. Nevertheless, ensuring their stability remains a significant challenge. MXenes present a renewed opportunity to anchor metal atoms and enhance catalytic performance. In this research work, we investigated the potential of MXenes, specifically Ti3C2Tx and Mo2Ti2C3Tx, as full-fledged catalysts or catalyst supports for the stabilization of single metal atoms employed in hydrogenation reactions. A particular focus was put on MXene delamination and unstacking via solid intercalation for effective application in gas-phase catalysis. Numerous characterization techniques were employed, including XPS, XRD, STEM, and SEM.The investigation started with an evaluation of the stability of Pt and Pd single atoms on Ti3C2Tx MXene, employing the conventional wet impregnation method with chloride salts as the precursors. First, the impact of the MXene preparation methodology (HF versus LiF-HCl etchants) on the surface structure/composition and metal dispersion/oxidation state is investigated. Second, the catalytic hydrogenation performances of these materials are presented. While the bare MXene is inactive, Pt/Ti3C2Tx SACs, obtained for low metal content, exhibit an exceptional selectivity towards 2-butene, with no butane formation, in the hydrogenation of butadiene, herein considered as a model reaction. Furthermore, in the reduction of CO2 to CO through reverse water-gas shift at high pressure, which is relevant to clean-energy applications, these catalysts demonstrate up to 99% selectivity and enhanced Pt-molar activity in comparison to oxide-supported references. To further enhance performance, we employed the Mo2Ti2C3Tx MXene, which possesses inherent hydrogenation properties, with the objective of exploiting the synergy between Pt atoms and surface carbidic Mo atoms. The use of the Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 precursor enabled the achievement of a higher loading of atomically dispersed Pt (up to 2.3 wt%). The Pt/Mo2Ti2C3Tx SACs demonstrate remarkable catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation, even higher than the MXene alone, producing CO and smaller amounts of methane and methanol. Following impregnation, single Pt atoms bear a +2 charge like in the precursor, but undergo partial reduction upon exposure to H2 flow at 400 °C, thereby replacing surface Mo atoms or filling surface Mo vacancies – as supported by EXAFS. The addition of platinum increases the activity of the MXene mostly by facilitating H2 dissociation, as suggested by DFT modeling, but has little effect on the SAC selectivity. To investigate the thermal stability of the catalysts and their evolution under reaction conditions, advanced characterization techniques, including in situ XRD, TG-DTA-MS, operando XAS, NAP-XPS, and isotopic temperature-programmed experiments were employed. The Mo2Ti2C3Tx MXene exhibits high thermal stability up to ca. 600 °C under argon or hydrogen flow. At 400 °C under hydrogen, part of MoIV ions undergo reduction to MoII owing to surface defunctionalization. At 600 °C, a carbon-deficient stoichiometry of Mo2Ti1.9C2.6O0.3 is obtained. The formation of stable structures with anchoring of Pt single atoms, mostly in the Mo-rich surface layers, occur at temperatures approaching 200 °C. This leads to a high thermal stability of the SACs under reaction conditions
Barrios, Medina Alan Josue. "Synthèse Directe d'Oléfines Légères par des Réactions d'Hydrogénation du CO et du CO2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0030.
Full textCO and CO2 Hydrogenation are an attractive way to convert non-petroleum and renewable feedstocks such as biomass, plastic and organic waste into fuels and chemicals. Activity, selectivity to light olefins and stability are major challenges of these reactions over Fe catalysts. In this thesis, we synthesized different iron-based catalysts for both CO and CO2 hydrogenation in order to get highly selective, active and stable catalysts. For CO hydrogenation SiO2 was used as support while for CO2 hydrogenation reaction ZrO2 supported catalysts presented the most encouraging results. We relied on High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) to identify among 27 promoters the most efficient ones for FT synthesis at the same time that different selectivity trends were evaluated. HTE tests allowed us to clearly identify Sn, Sb, Bi and Pb as the most promising promoters in order to obtain Fe catalysts with higher activity in FT synthesis. Then, we focused on studying the strong promoting effects of Sb and Sn on the catalytic performance of SiO2 supported iron Fischer Tropsch catalysts using a combination of advanced and in-situ techniques. TEM in the activated FeSn/SiO2 catalyst showed highly dispersed Sn nanoparticles on the silica support. On the other hand, activated FeSb/SiO2 catalyst showed a core-shell morphology. Additionally, smaller amount of carbon deposition detected is crucial for better stability of the Sn- and Sb-promoted catalysts in FT reaction. Finally, we focused on the identification of efficient promoters for ZrO2 supported iron catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation reaction. We observed the most pronounced increase in the reaction rate for the K and Cs promoted catalysts. HTE clearly showed that the presence of K was essential to achieve higher light olefin selectivity. Additionally, Mo, Cu, Cs, Ce and Ga were identified as possible promoters to further increase the selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation to this fraction. The work performed during this thesis allowed to design new catalysts for CO and CO2 hydrogenation reaction that could be easily implemented at industrial level. Catalysts studied for both reactions showed improvement three key aspects: activity, selectivity, and stability
Baffert, Mathieu. "Synthesis of ruthenium complexes having one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands supported on hybrid mesostructured silicas and their use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838661.
Full textTisseraud, Céline. "Origine et impact de la synergie Cu-ZnO sur l'hydrogénation catalytique du CO2 en méthanol." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2295/document.
Full textThe catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is considered to be one of the most promising methods for methanol production. This synthesis, often accompanied by a CO formation, had been the subject of many studies in the literature. However, the results obtained on Cu and ZnO based catalysts demonstrated that the reaction is not as simple as it appear to be. There is still a lot of controversies and interrogations concerning the nature of the active sites and the different reactional steps involved during the reaction. The objective of this work is a better understanding of the nature of the active sites and their role on CO2 an H2 activation. A study on model catalysts (mechanical mixtures and materials prepared by coprecipitation) allowed to demonstrate that the synergetic effect between Cu and ZnO linked to a migration phenomenon. This work showed that the methanol production was closely linked to the CuxZn(1-x)Oy oxide phase creation (with oxygen vacancies) induced by a Kirkendall effect on Cu-ZnO interface, thereby promoting the hydrogen spillover. Different mathematical models were developed to determine the concentration of contacts between Cu and ZnO. The results obtained demonstrated that it is possible to directly correlate the catalyst’s activity with the concentration of contacts between Cu and ZnO, which in turn allowed predicting optimal catalyst chemical composition for a particular design of a material. The full expertise of the design-activity relationship allowed the development of Cu-ZnO core-shell type materials with a 100% selective to methanol
L'Hospital, Valentin. "Développement et optimisation de catalyseurs à base de cuivre pour la synthèse de méthanol et de diméthyléther à partir de CO2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF028/document.
Full textReducing CO2 emissions, the main greenhouse gas, is one of the major challenges of our current era. Many measures already exist but are still insufficient. It is in this context that the ANR project called DIGAS was funded. During this work, catalytic materials composed of CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 were developed by classical coprecipitation and tested under a pressure of 50 bar for the methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. Then, these catalysts were optimized using a system developed in the laboratory: microfluidic continuous synthesis. It has made the catalysts more homogeneous and thus more efficient. The most efficient catalyst was subsequently coupled to a ZSM5 zeolite to allow direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from the CO2 hydrogenation. In the case of methanol as well as for DME synthesis, the developed catalysts are competitive and more efficient than the catalysts currently on the market
Panzone, Carlotta. "Etude et optimisation du procédé d’hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone en hydrocarbures gazeux et liquides." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789618.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the study of the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction towards gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons over a supported K-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. The subject is part of the framework of the Power-to-X technologies that aim at storing surplus electric power derived from renewable energy into the form of gaseous and liquid chemical compounds. In particular, the electricity is used to perform the water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, then the obtained hydrogen is used to convert carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can have applications as feedstock in the chemical industry or as fuels in the transport field. The carbon dioxide hydrogenation is a catalytic reaction, generally performed over Fe-based catalysts, consisting in two steps: first, carbon dioxide is converted into carbon monoxide via the reverse water-gas shift reaction (RWGS), and then it is further transformed into hydrocarbons via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT). One of the main constraints of this reaction is its low selectivity, as a variety of hydrocarbons can be obtained. For an eventual application of this process at the industrial scale, it is necessary to deeper understand and better describe the selectivity of the reaction to optimize the productivity of the desired products. In this work, we have carried out an experimental study of the reaction in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor and developed an analytic protocol that allows the quantification of all the products obtained. Moreover, we have developed a macro-kinetic model that describes with a semi-empirical approach the formation of all the products considered; and a micro-kinetic model, that contributes to give insights about the reaction mechanism. Finally, we have modelled a scaled-up reactor with a heterogeneous and a pseudo-homogeneous approach and we have simulated the global process to estimate its carbon and energy efficiencies
Brunel, Paul. "Complexes pince et cooperativité métal/ligand : application en catalyse." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30275/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work deals with organometallic chemistry of indenyl/indenediide palladium and platinum pincer complexes and their applications in metal-ligand cooperative catalysis. The first chapter of this manuscript compiled a non-exhaustive bibliographic survey of the field of metal-ligand cooperation, from Noyori's system applied to the asymmetric hydrogenation, to the recent examples described by Milstein involving non-aromatic pincer ligands. Pincer ligands are also presented. Starting from the first example, in which Shaw shed light a PCP pincer, to the contemporary CNC pincer reported by Bezuidenhout. The versatility of those ligands is illustrated through few modulations allowing originals reactivities or stabilisation of highly unstable species. The second chapter is focused on the development of a new catalytic reaction with the indenediide palladium pincer complex. This reaction entail, for the first time, two substrates, the CO2 as a C1 source and propargylamines/homopropargylamines. The mechanistic studies turn out the importance of the metal-ligand cooperativity. Then, the third chapter concerns exploratory chemistry. New reactivities have been studied with the platinum complexes. The activation of low polar bond such as H-H and H-Si allowed the reduction of unsatured C-C bond. The mechanistic propositions, that remain to be confirmed, seem to indicate the feasibility of ? bond metathesis and migratory insertions. Finally, the last chapter is dedicated to the development of a new ligand. The latter showed the distinctive characteristic to be hemilabile, leading the way of new reactivities. His coordination to palladium, followed by his deprotonation to give rise to the non-innocent nature of the complex is presented, as well as the application of the resulting complex in the context of a cycloisomerisation. Those results are reflecting the importance of the indenyl and indenediide pincer ligands besides the metal-ligand cooperativity in catalysis
Quezada, Maxwell Josias. "Hydrogénation catalytique de CO₂ en méthanol en lit fixe sous chauffage conventionnel et sous plasma à DBD ZSM-5 surface modification by plasma for catalytic activity improvement in the gas phase methanol-to-dimethylether reaction." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR12.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to the optimisation of the production of methanol by hydrogenation of CO₂ by synthesising new catalysts in the form of extrudates for industrial use. In this regard, six Cu-ZnO based catalysts supported on alumina and ZSM-5 were prepared and tested. At 36 bar and under conventional heating, the CuZnO/Al₂O₃ showed the best methanol yield. An industrial process based on this catalyst has been proposed and optimised. The influence of extracting water and methanol from the reaction medium using two reactors in series instead of one was investigated and it was found to increase methanol yield considerably. Tests at atmospheric pressure and under DBD plasma showed that the Cu/Al₂O₃ gives better CO₂ conversions, while the CuZnO/ZSM-5 showed better methanol yields. This was attributed to the ionic conductivity and the dielectric constant of the catalysts
Abid, Mohamed. "Hydrogénation sélective du crotonaldéhyde sur Pt, Ir/A1(2)0(3) et Pt, Ir (Rh, Ru)/CeO2 : rôle des interactions métal-support." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13124.
Full textDarwich, Walid. "Dépôt de couches minces métalliques à partir de nanoparticules en suspension dans des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10333.
Full textAmong nano-objects, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) certainly have a prominent position. This is because they offer a variety of compositions, sizes, shapes and structures that make them suitable for a variety of applications. In the same time, the accurate control of their size, shape and structure is still a challenge, mainly because NPs do not correspond to the thermodynamic stable state of metals. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to stabilize metallic NPs without the need of ligands required in conventional solvents. ILs are liquid molten salt at room temperature. These compounds uniquely combine properties of the liquid (they are good solvents, electrolytes…) and of the solid (they do not evaporate). In the process of decomposing organometallic precursors into metallic NPs, ILs play a central role in controlling the size and ensuring narrow size distribution. However, the corresponding mechanism remains unclear. This PhD work aims at identifying key factors influencing the final size (average and distribution) of metallic NPs chemically formed in ILs. Among nanoporous materials, porous silicon (PSi) is popular due to its exceptional characteristics for microelectronics, integrated optoelectronics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), layer transfer technology, solar and fuel cells, biomedicine, etc. Its properties are modified by introducing different materials into its pores. Unique properties of ILs may also be advantageous. In this work, the process used to synthesize metallic NPs is adapted into an easy, efficient, versatile, and safe process to metallise PSi. The metallisation of PSi by Cu is tentatively conducted by impregnation with a solution of CuMes in IL followed by the decomposition of the precursor. In fact, CuMes is shown to be readily decomposed by PSi. Finally, this knowledge is transposed back to the synthesis of metallic NPs, replacing H2 by chemical analogues of PSi as alternative reducing agents. This approach is believed to bring even more control in this process