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Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrogen sulphide'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrogen sulphide"

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Nishikubo, Tadatomi, Atsushi Kameyama, Yoshinari Hosono, and Youji Yamada. "Synthesis of Polymers in Aqueous Solutions: Heterogeneous Oxidation of Poly(Amide-Sulphide) in Water." High Performance Polymers 10, no. 1 (March 1998): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/10/1/004.

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The heterogeneous oxidation of N-(2-phenylthioethyl)benzamide in a dispersion of water was performed with twice the amount of hydrogen peroxide at 60 °C for 72 h as a model reaction of the oxidation of poly(amide-sulphide) (polymer 1), and the corresponding N-[2-(phenylsulphoxy)-ethyl]benzamide and N-[2-(phenylsulphonyl)ethyl]benzamide were obtained in 5% and 95% yields respectively. This suggests that the alkyl phenyl sulphide group was easily oxidized with time via the alkyl phenyl sulphoxide group into the alkyl phenyl sulphone group. On the other hand, when heterogeneous oxidation of diphenyl sulphide in a dispersion of water was carried out with twice the amount of hydrogen peroxide at 60 °C for 72 h, the corresponding diphenyl sulphoxide and diphenyl sulphone were obtained in 77% and 23% yields, respectively. Therefore, the oxidation rate of the diphenyl sulphide group was much slower than that of the alkyl phenyl sulphide group, and the heterogeneous oxidation of diphenyl sulphide with excess hydrogen peroxide in a dispersion of water primarily produced diphenyl sulphoxide under the same conditions. On the basis of these model reactions, the heterogeneous oxidation of polymer 1, which was prepared by the polyaddition of bis(4-mercaptophenyl)sulphide with m-phenylenebis(2-oxazoline), was performed with one to three times the amount of hydrogen peroxide in a dispersion of water at 60 °C, and the Tg of the resulting polymers gradually increased with reaction time from 111 °C to 165 °C. When the oxidization was carried out with three times the amount of hydrogen peroxide for 48 h, the polymer with major structure, poly(amide-sulphone) (polymer 3), was obtained. Polymer 3 was also easily prepared by the oxidization of polymer 1 with equivalent amounts of sodium periodate in a dispersion of water at 60 °C for 48 h.
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Stephenson, R. J., R. M. R. Branion, and K. L. Pinder. "Anaerobic 35°C and 55°C Treatment of a BCTMP/TMP Effluent: Sulphur Management Strategies." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1994): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0736.

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Pulp manufacture uses sulphur in a variety of forms and these sulphur compounds ultimately end up in the effluent. Under anaerobic conditions, sulphite and sulphate are reduced to sulphide, presenting problems of toxicity, odour, corrosion, and reduced methane yields and treatment efficiencies. The fate of these inorganic sulphur compounds in a bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp/thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP/TMP) effluent mixture was examined in two phase anaerobic reactors at 35°C and 55°C. The following sulphur management strategies were investigated: 1) controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactor, 2) inhibiting the sulphur reducing bacteria via molybdenum addition to the feed tank, and 3) stripping the hydrogen sulphide dissolved in the methane phase reactor liquor by recycling hydrogen sulphide-free off gas. The laboratory scale experimental apparatus consisted of upflow anaerobic sludge bed pre-treatment or acidogenic reactors followed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge bed/fixed film methanogenic reactors. At 35°C, controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactors with sodium carbonate from 5.5 (uncontrolled) to 8.0 in order to shift the formed sulphide species to the less toxic ionic form appeared to be ineffective in promoting wastewater treatment efficiency. Molybdenum addition to the wastewater at levels from 0.1 to 1.0 mM was effective at 1.0 mM in retarding sulphate reduction or sulphide formation. Hydrogen sulphide stripping, using ferric chloride scrubbed and recycled off gas, appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management for this type of wastewater under these conditions. Tbermophilic 55°C anaerobic treatment was also studied using the same effluent, inocula and sulphur management strategies. Overall, both the treatment efficiency and the sulphate reduction were lower for the thermophilic runs compared to the mesophilic runs. Raising the acidogenic phase reactor pH from 7.0 to 7.5 to 8.0 appeared to have no significant effect on organic carbon removal efficiency or on sulphate reduction. Molybdenum inhibition of sulphur reduction was not as marked as for the 1.0 mM level at 35°C, perhaps due to the already low baseline sulphate reduction efficiency at 55°C. Stripping hydrogen sulphide from the reactor liquor helped to promote the treatment efficiency and lowered the sulphide and sulphate levels. Similar to the 35°C study, sulphide removal by gas stripping appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management
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Stephenson, R. J., R. M. R. Branion, and K. L. Pinder. "Sulphur Management Strategies in Anaerobic Treatment of a BCTMP/TMP Effluent." Water Quality Research Journal 28, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.033.

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Abstract Anaerobic treatment of a bleached chemithermomechanlcal/ thermomechanical BCTMP/TMP (2:1 by volume) effluent obtained from Quesnel River Pulp Co. was studied on a laboratory scale at 35°C. The experimental apparatus consisted of upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) acidogenic reactors followed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge bed/fixed-film methanogenic reactors. Under anaerobic conditions, sulphite and sulphate are reduced to sulphide, presenting problems of toxicity, odour, corrosion and reduced methane yields, and treatment efficiencies. The fate of these compounds was examined under various hydraulic retention times and sulphur management strategies, including: (i) pH control; (ii) inhibition of the sulphur reducing bacteria via molybdenum addition; and (iii) stripping hydrogen sulphide dissolved in the reactor liquor by recycling hydrogen sulphide-free off gas. Controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactor from 5.5 (uncontrolled) to 8.0, in order to shift the formed sulphide species to the less toxic ionic form, appeared to be ineffective in promoting wastewater treatment efficiency. Molybdenum addition to the wastewater, tested at levels from 0.1 to 1.0 mM, was effective at 1.0 mM in retarding sulphide formation. Hydrogen sulphide stripping, using scrubbed and recycled off gas, appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management for this type of wastewater under these conditions.
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MENDES-FERREIRA, A., A. MENDES-FAIA, and C. LEÃO. "Survey of Hydrogen Sulphide Production by Wine Yeasts." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.6.1033.

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Twenty-one strains of commercial wine yeasts and 17 non-Saccharomyces species of different provenance were surveyed for their ability to produce hydrogen sulphide in synthetic grape juice medium indicator agar with different nitrogen sources, as well as in natural grape juice. Bacto Biggy agar, a commercially available bismuth-containing agar, was used to compare our results with others previously reported in the literature. Under identical physiological conditions, the strains used in this study displayed similar growth patterns but varied in colony color intensity in all media, suggesting significant differences in sulphite reductase activity. Sulphite reductase activity was absent for only one strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All other strains produced an off-odor to different extents, depending significantly (P <0.05) on medium composition. Within the same species of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts, strain variation existed as it did for Saccharomyces. In natural musts, strains fell into three major groups: (i) nonproducers, (ii) must-composition-dependent producers, and (iii) invariable producers. In synthetic media, the formation of sulphide by strains of S. cerevisiae results from the reduction of sulphate. Therefore, this rapid screening methodology promises to be a very useful tool for winemakers for determining the risk of hydrogen sulphide formation by a given yeast strain in a specific grape juice.
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Turkiewicz, Anna, Teresa Steliga, Dorota Kluk, and Zbigniew Gminski. "Biomonitoring Studies and Preventing the Formation of Biogenic H2S in the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage Facility." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175463.

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The article discusses the results of biomonitoring research at the Underground Gas Storage (UGS). Hydrogen sulphide, as one of the products of microbiological reaction and transformation, as well as a product of chemical reactions in rocks, is a subject of interest for global petroleum companies. The materials used in this research work were formation waters and stored natural gas. The biomonitoring of reservoir waters and cyclical analyses of the composition of gas stored at UGS Wierzchowice enabled the assessment of the microbiological condition of the reservoir environment and individual storage wells in subsequent years of operation. Investigations of the formation water from individual wells of the UGS Wierzchowice showed the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria bacteria (SRB), such as Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum genera and bacteria that oxidize sulphur compounds. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide and sulphides in the reservoir waters ranged from 1.22 to 15.5 mg/dm3. The monitoring of natural gas received from UGS production wells and observation wells, which was carried out in terms of the determination of hydrogen sulphide and organic sulphur compounds, made it possible to observe changes in their content in natural gas in individual storage cycles. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide in natural gas from production wells ranged from 0.69 to 2.89 mg/dm3, and the content of organic sulphur compounds converted to elemental sulphur ranged from 0.055 to 0.130 mg Sel./Nm3. A higher hydrogen sulphide content was recorded in natural gas from observation wells in the range of 2.02–25.15 mg/Nm3. In order to explain the causes of hydrogen sulphide formation at UGS Wierzchowice, isotopic analyses were performed to determine the isotope composition of δ34SH2S, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4 in natural gas samples (production and observation wells) and in the deep sample of reservoir water. The results of isotope tests in connection with microbiological tests, chromatographic analyses of sulphur compounds in natural gas collected from UGS Wierzchowice and an analysis of the geological structure of the Wierzchowice deposit allow us to conclude that the dominant processes responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide at UGS Wierzchowice are microbiological, consisting of microbial sulphate reduction (MSR). The presented tests allow for the control and maintenance of hydrogen sulphide at a low level in the natural gas received from the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage facility.
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Lutnicki, Krzysztof, Eligiusz Madej, Tomasz Riha, and Łukasz Kurek. "Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants caused by excessive amount of sulphur - a review." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2014-0050.

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Abstract Polioencephalomalacia as a result of sulphur excess is a growing problem in cattle and sheep, mainly in young, growing animals. It is common in different regions of the world. The disease develops favoured by certain conditions such as sustained provision of feed and water with high sulphur content, use of dietary supplements containing sulphur, and a habitat with high hydrogen sulphide concentration. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex, but very important are oxidative-antioxidative imbalance, dysfunction of vessels, and secondary cerebral cortex ischaemia as a result of direct and/or indirect action of sulphur metabolites, namely hydrogen sulphide, sulphides, and sulphites. Clinical signs and changes in the cerebral cortex in the form of degenerative necrotic lesions are similar to those observed in polioencephalomalacia caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, and lead and salt intoxication. Highly increased sulphur content (more than 0.3-0.4 of dry matter) in the diet is the basis for differential diagnosis, as well the high concentration of hydrogen sulphide in gas and sulphides in rumen fluid. In prophylaxis and treatment the most important measure is to limit sulphur intake and in acute cases to neutralise low pH in rumen and administer vitamin B1 injections.
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Särner, E. "Removal of Sulphate and Sulphite in an Anaerobic Trickling (ANTRIC) Filter." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0164.

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A new pretreatment process for sulphur removal was developed and tested. The process is an ANaerobic TRICkling (ANTRIC) filter, in which sulphate and sulphite are reduced to sulphide. The sulphide is stripped from the liquid by a gas recirculation system, in which the gas is washed from sulphide and recirculated to the ANTRIC filter to remove more sulphide etc. The goal with the new process was twofold: 1) removal of sufficient sulphur such that sulphide toxicity in a conventional anaerobic process could be avoided, and 2) recovery of as much sulphur as possible. After the ANTRIC filter the wastewater was treated in an ANAMET system, i. e. in an anaerobic contact process followed by an activated sludge process. The tests were carried out using wastewater from a sodium based sulphite pulp mill. Theoretical calculations showed that, unless action was taken to limit sulphur, anaerobic treatment would fail due to toxic effects of hydrogen sulphide. The goal of operating the ANTRIC filter such that sufficient sulphur was removed to make further anaerobic treatment possible was achieved. More than 85 % of the inorganic sulphur (sulphate and sulphite) was removed in the ANTRIC filter, making efficient biological treatment possible. The ANTRIC filter was shown to be a very stable process and the start-up time after a longer shut-down period was short.
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Luptakova, Alena, Eva Macingova, and Vlasta Harbulakova. "Positive and negative aspects of suplhate-reducing bacteria in environment and industry." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 9, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.1271.

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The submitted work is oriented on the study of two aspects of the sulphate-reducing bacteria metabolism: the metals bioprecipitation and the concrete biodeterioration. The bioprecipitation of metals with the bacterially produced hydrogen sulphide by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) represents the positive effect of the SRB existence in the environment. It allows the industrial exploitation in the area of the removal metals from industrial wastewaters. Referred method involves principal stages such as: hydrogen sulphide bacterial production, metals precipitation by biologically produced hydrogen sulphide, metal sulphides separation, setting pH of the filtrate from previous steps by 1M NaOH and metal hydroxides separation. The basis of the first stage i.e. the hydrogen sulphide bacterial production is the cultivation of SRB. In the laboratory conditions the sodium lactate is the energetic substrate for the growth of bacteria. Its price is not economic for the application in the practice and is needed investigate the alternative substitutes. Therefore was studied the cultivation of sulphate-reducing bacteria to using the selected energetic substrates such as: calcium lactate, glycerol and whey. Experimental studies confirm that all chosen substrates are suitable alternative substrates of sodium lactate for the bacterial sulphate-reduction. In the regard to the efficiency of bacterial sulphate reduction the calcium lactate is the best. The biodeterioration of the concrete presents the negative effect of the SRB existence in the environment. The research was oriented on the simulation of the biodeterioration of concrete samples under the simultaneous influence of the sulphur-oxidising bacteria genera Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and sulphatereducing bacteria genera Desulfovibrio in the environs of the waste water, the acid mine drainage, the nutrient medium and the distilled water. The observation of the surface structure changes of concrete samples confirms the highest biodeterioration influences in the case of the acid mine drainage application.
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Guidotti, T. L. "Hydrogen Sulphide." Occupational Medicine 46, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/46.5.367.

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Vale, Allister. "Hydrogen Sulphide." Medicine 31, no. 10 (October 2003): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/medc.31.10.54.27814.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrogen sulphide"

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Lawrence, Nathan S. "Electrochemical detection of hydrogen sulphide." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275271.

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White, Benjamin J. O. "The vascular effects of hydrogen sulphide." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12447/.

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In recent years it has become apparent that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an important biological mediator. In the vasculature, it produces complex responses: contraction in some blood vessels, relaxation in others, via multiple mechanisms. This thesis examined the relationship between H2S and oxygen in determining vascular responsiveness, and was conducted using porcine splenic and mesenteric arteries. Studies were also conducted using porcine splenic veins, since few studies have examined venous function. Additionally, studies were extended to the resistance vasculature by determining responses to a H2S donor in small arteries isolated from the rat mesentery. Porcine vessels were set up in an isometric tension recording system and rat small mesenteric arteries were set up in a pressure myograph. Vessels were pre-contracted and responses to the H2S donor, NaHS, were generated in the presence and absence of putative inhibitors, under either 95% O2:5% CO2, 95% air:5% CO2 or 95% N2:5% CO2 gassing conditions. Generally, in both porcine arteries and veins, when gassing with higher oxygen levels (95% O2:5% CO2 or 95% Air:5% CO2), NaHS induced contractile responses, whereas gassing with a lower oxygen level (95% N2:5% CO2), NaHS induced vasorelaxation. At higher O2 levels, removal of the endothelium or, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME, significantly attenuated contractile response in all porcine vessels. This suggests an interaction between endothelium-derived NO and NaHS, whereby the removal of the vasorelaxatory influence of NO resulted in contraction. In porcine arteries, relaxation at lower O2 levels was attenuated by glibenclamide, suggesting that NaHS activated KATP channels to cause relaxation. In porcine veins, removal of the endothelium or, L-NAME, abolished NaHS-induced relaxation, showing this relaxation occurred via the release of endothelium-derived NO. In rat mesenteric small arteries responses to NaHS did not change with different O2 levels and NaHS-induced vasodilatation that was abolished by desensitization of sensory nerves with capsaicin or the presence of BIBN 4096. These observations suggest NaHS-induced vasodilatation is mediated via release of CGRP from sensory nerves. Thus, responses to NaHS in large conduit arteries and veins, are sensitive to the prevailing level of O2 the tissue is exposed to. At more physiological levels of O2 the predominant response is a vasorelaxation, mediated by either, activation of KATP channels in arteries or, the release of NO in veins. In small arteries, the predominant response is a vasodilator response, involving the release of neuropeptides from sensory nerves. The predominance of a vasorelaxant/vasodilator response is consistent with the observation that mice which lack the capacity to generate endogenous H2S are hypertensive.
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Deuchar, Christopher Norton. "The detection and measurement of hydrogen sulphide." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10223/.

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Gas measurement techniques for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) have been investigated, with particular reference to the monitoring of average ambient concentrations and also the rapidly changing concentrations which may be associated with vehicle pollution. Two new techniques have been identified, and new equipment built and tested, for H2S determination. The first of these is designed to measure long term average concentrations of H2S and the second to evaluate rapidly changing peak concentrations over very short periods of time. The implementation of catalytic converters in modern petrol driven motor vehicles has resulted in undesirable emissions of hydrogen sulphide gas. The reasons for these emissions are discussed. Ambient concentrations of H2S have been measured at the roadside and the average contribution originating from vehicular emissions on major roads determined. Results are presented which confirm the elevation of hydrogen sulphide concentrations at the road side of an average of single figure parts per billion. Peak H2S concentrations of up to 100 ppb were also measured at the roadside and within motor vehicles. The peaks were of very short duration and therefore of only minimal contribution to average ambient concentrations. Measurements of H2S concentrations at a variety of locations have also been made,and results are presented, of comparisons between areas with no source of H2S nearby, roadside sites and other possible H2S sources such as sewage treatment works and landfill sites. Known H2S concentrations, in excess of 500 ppm from a point source on a landfill site, were found to diminish rapidly toward zero, within 150 m of the source. This demonstrated the high reactivity of H2S and therefore the importance of measuring H2S concentration as closely as possible to the emission source. Consequently, this high reactivity is particularly important in the consideration of roadside and 'on-road' monitoring of H2S.
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Azzam, A. A. A. "A linelist for the hydrogen sulphide molecule." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1404058/.

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The main aim of this study is to calculate a high temperature line list for H_2^32S. The results will form an important addition to the databases used for space applications, as well as laboratory investigations and pollution studies. The Dvr3d program suite is used to calculate the bound ro-vibrational energy levels, and dipole moment transition intensities. The most accurate available potential energy surface is empirically determined. This surface is used in our calculations after refining it by fitting to the up-to-date experimental data. For accurate line intensities, an accurate dipole moment surface (DMS) is needed. Constructing an accurate DMS for H_2S is well known to be difficult. A systematic ab initio study for the DMS has been performed. Different methods were tested in conjunctions with different basis sets taking into account the relativistic corrections and core-valence effects. The resulting (ATY2013) line list should be valid from 0 to 9000 cm^−1 and for temperature up to 2000 K. ATY2013 with cut off intensity of order 10^−31 cm^−1/(molecule×cm^−2) contains ∼36×10^6 transitions at 2000 K. In addition, the pure rotational transition frequencies of H_2S in natural abundance in its ground and first excited vibrational states have been recorded at room temperature at 0.005 cm^−1 resolution in the region 45 to 360 cm^−1 with a globar continuum source at SOLEIL synchrotron. 2400 rotational transitions are assigned to ground vibrational state of the four isotopologues H_2^32S, H_2^33S, H_2^34S and H_2^36S where 65% of them are new. 91 rotational transitions of H_2^36S were identified for the first time, as well as 406 rotational lines of H_2^32S and H_2^34S in their first excited bending vibrational state were recorded and analysed for the first time.
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Hsu, Anna. "Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and the cardiovascular system." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hydrogen-sulphide-h2s-and-the-cardiovascular-system(53365106-ee0f-4a29-a626-c9f80e5cef80).html.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has relatively recently been added to a list of endogenously produced gaseous signalling molecules. Our understanding of the science of H2S has advanced rapidly in recent years as exemplified by the fact that within a mere 10 years a range of H2S releasing drugs have already been discovered and some indeed are entering clinical trials. However, the precise biological roles of endogenous H2S are not fully understood. In this respect, slow releasing H2S donors, such as GYY4137, have played a part in elucidating the complex roles of this gas in the body and are also beginning to show promise as possible therapeutics in inflammation - an area in which the function of H2S remains ambiguous. This thesis attempts to provide some additional clarity to the biological significance endogenous H2S. The first part of this work examines the release of endothelial cell derived H2S in vitro and the consequences of knocking out nitric oxide synthase on tissue H2S biosynthesis in mice. As part of this study, I show that the methods currently utilised to measure H2S are insufficiently sensitive/reliable to demonstrate the release of H2S synthesis from endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, data reported herein has demonstrated that knocking out endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) results in a presumably compensatory increase in tissue H2S synthesising activity associated with increased protein levels of the H2S synthesising enzyme, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). The second part of this thesis examines the role of H2S in inflammation and provides further evidence for its anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this thesis has shown the ‘added benefit’ of slow-releasing H2S donors (c.f. 3 conventional sulpide salt based donors) in that the H2S released from slow-releasing donors is sustained and does not instantaneously expose cells to potentially cytotoxic amounts of H2S. Identifying a need for additional slow releasing H2S donors attempts were made to examine the H2S releasing ability and antioxidant capacity of a library of additional compounds. As a result of this work, a novel compound, ZJ802 was shown to exhibit more potent antioxidant ability than the currently commercially available H2S donors and was further shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the roles of H2S in physiology are not clear. Current methods to detect H2S are flawed. Thus, the necessity for pharmacological tools, such as slow releasing H2S donors and selective H2S synthesising enzyme inhibitors, cannot be overemphasised. Whilst the possible use of H2S donors in the clinic has been raised there is still a need for more detailed preclinical, pharmacokinetic and long term drug safety and toxicological studies.
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Idriss, Ahmed. "Corrosive effect of hydrogen sulphide on cement mortar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ55626.pdf.

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Babcock, Kevin Brian. "Alkali carbonate-sulfide electrolytes for medium temperature hydrogen sulfide removal." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12959.

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Barbosa, Vera Lucia. "Biological treatment of hydrogen sulphide by activated sludge diffusion." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422391.

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Picton, Rhian. "Hydrogen sulphide toxicity : an aetiological factor in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395590.

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Le, Trionnaire Sophie. "Hydrogen sulphide: a novel mediator of diabetic microvascular dysfunction?" Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.657595.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proposed as a novel endogenous regulator of vascular tone and inflammation. Novel slow release H2S donors (SRHOs) (e.g. GYY4137) have been shown to regulate blood pressure in experimental/genetically induced hypertension, and to inhibit tissue damage, oedema and inflammatory signalling in sepsis and arthritis. All these conditions involve perturbed mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and eventually apoptotic cell death. In the literature, the majority of studies pertaining to the vascular effects of H2S have been limited to the use of simple sulfide salts, NaSH and Na2S, which release H2S far too quickly to be physiologically relevant. Indeed, a study comparing NaSH and GYY 4137 showed that the level of H2S released from NaSH was rapidly high (400I-lM in the first 20min) and declined dramatically until disappearance. In contrast, H2S release from GYY4137 was low and continuous in time (-40I-lM up to 7 days). Therefore, to circumvent this problem, our team has designed several novel SRHOs, such as GYY4137, AP39, AP123, AP67 and AP72. These compounds offer the advantage over sulfide salts (i) to be not toxic (ii) to release H2S in a slow and sustained manner, (iii) to exert their effects at considerably lower H2S concentrations, and (iiii) to selectively target the mitochondria (in the case of AP39 and AP123). The latter combine a mitochondria-targeting moiety (triphenylphosphonium), a C2-C18 linker and H2S releasing moieties (dithiolethione or 4-hydroxythiobenzamide respectively). Preliminary experiments on these mitochondria-targeting SRHO showed a C1Q linker to be optimal; therefore AP39 and AP123 were chosen. Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/03) were exposed to oxidative stress agents, mitochondrial toxins and apoptosis inducing drugs in the presence/absence of the SRHOs. Cell toxicity was assessed using alamarBlue and flow cytometry, whereas cytosolic/mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was estimated using H20CFOA, MitoSOX Red and Oihydroethidium fluorescence (spectrophotometry, flow cytometry). Mitochondrial membrane potential (~4Jm) was assessed using TMRM. Western immunoblotting and fluorescence activity assays were used to determine caspase3/7 activation/activity. Quantification of cytochrome c release from the 3 mitochondria was also attempted. Intracellular levels of ATP were assessed by the luciferase activity assay. Some antioxidant assays were finally used to determine whether the potential antioxidant effects of the SRHDs would be due to any scavenging effect. Cell viability was significantly preserved by all SRHDs. Besides, the potency of cytoprotection was substantially increased by the targeting mitochondria SRHD (AP39/AP123) from the j..IM to the nM range. The collapse of L14Jm normally observed in toxic conditions was inhibited by SRHDs. Overall "ROS" generation was markedly decreased after treatment with SRHDs. AP67 and AP72 inhibited caspase 3/7 activity when apoptosis was induced by staurosporine/etoposide. Cytochrome c release was positively modulated with our donors, as well as the ATP synthesis. These data suggest that SRHDs can inhibit/reverse oxidative stressmediated cellular injury, and highlight the increased potency of the mitochondria- targeting H2S donors AP39 and AP123 compared to GVY4137, AP67 and AP72. The measurement of the antioxidant capacity in cell-free system of the SRHDs showed (i) no scavenging effect of AP39 and AP123, confirming their release of H2S only in the mitochondria (ii) a scavenging effect of GVY4137, AP67 and AP72 only for high concentrations (>250j..lM), confirming that the antioxidant effects of these SRHDs in our cell system was unlikely due to any scavenging effect. Strategies increasing H2S bioavailability, in particular targeting mitochondria, may represent a new therapeutic opportunity to limit mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Books on the topic "Hydrogen sulphide"

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Alberta. Ad Hoc Committee on H₂S Toxicity. Report on H₂S toxicity. [Edmonton, Alta.]: Alberta Health, 1988.

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Roth, Sheldon H. Health effects of hydrogen sulphide: Knowledge gaps. [Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2003.

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B, Ferrando, Ferraiolo G, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Control of HS emissions using an ozone oxidation process: Preliminary results. Washington DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Shevalev, A. E. Serovodorod Chernogo mori͡a︡: Bibliograficheskiĭ ukazatelʹ literatury : k stoletii͡u︡ otkrytii͡a︡ serovodorodnogo zarazhenii͡a︡ Chernogo mori͡a︡. Odessa: Odesskai͡a︡ gos. nauch. biblioteka im. A.M. Gorʹkogo, 1990.

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Ri͡abinin, A. I. Sovremennoe sostoi͡anie serovodorodnoĭ zony Chernogo mori͡a: 1960-1986 gody. Moskva: Moskovskoe otd-nie Gidrometeoizdata, 1989.

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Basniev, K. S. Razrabotka mestorozhdeniĭ prirodnykh gazov, soderzhashchikh neuglevodorodnye komponenty. Moskva: "Nedra", 1986.

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N, Linevich S. Kompleksnai͡a︡ obrabotka i rat͡s︡ionalʹnoe ispolʹzovanie serovodorodsoderzhashchikh prirodnykh i stochnykh vod. Moskva: Stroĭizdat, 1987.

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A, Altaev Sh, and Institut gornogo dela (Qazaq SSR Ghylym akademii͡a︡sy), eds. Podavlenie serosoderzhashchikh gazov pri podzemnykh gornykh rabotakh. Alma-Ata: "Gylym", 1991.

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F, Dewsnap R., and Great Britain. Dept. of Energy., eds. A Review of information on hydrogen induced cracking and sulphide stress corrosion cracking in linepipe steels: Report. London: H.M.S.O., 1987.

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Timmins, P. F. Solutions to hydrogen attack in steels. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrogen sulphide"

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Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., B. Jütte, P. H. Nielsen, and N. Aa Jensen. "Hydrogen Sulphide Control in Municipal Sewers." In Pretreatment in Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 239–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73819-7_19.

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Lakkineni, K. C., A. Ahmad, and Y. P. Abrol. "Hydrogen Sulphide: Emission and Utilization by Plants." In Sulphur in Plants, 265–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0289-8_14.

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Galuszka, Jan, Gaetano Iaquaniello, Paolo Ciambelli, Vincenzo Palma, and Elvirosa Brancaccio. "Membrane-Assisted Catalytic Cracking of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)." In Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes, 161–82. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-151-6_8.

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Bhargava, Seema. "Hydrogen Sulphide: The Body’s Inherent Defence Against Homocysteinemia." In The Clinical Application of Homocysteine, 71–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7632-9_10.

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Perotti, S., M. C. Ricossa, and V. Gambaro. "Four Human Hydrogen Sulphide Inalation Fatalities by Industrial Hazard." In Acta Medicinæ Legalis Vol. XLIV 1994, 182–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79523-7_57.

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Huseynova, S. A., Hokman Mahmudov, and Islam I. Mustafayev. "Photochemical Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulphide in the Gas Mixtures and Generation Molecular Hydrogen." In Black Sea Energy Resource Development and Hydrogen Energy Problems, 47–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6152-0_5.

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Katterbauer, Klemens, Abdulaziz Qasim, Abdallah Al Shehri, and Ali Yousif. "A Maari Field Deep Learning Optimization Study via Efficient Hydrogen Sulphide to Hydrogen Production." In Artificial Intelligence Application in Networks and Systems, 285–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35314-7_27.

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Usman, Sani Sharif, Atif Khurshid Wani, Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba, Tahir ul Gani Mir, Weda Makarti Mahayu, and Parnidi. "Melatonin and Fruit Ripening Physiology: Crosstalk with Ethylene, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrogen Sulphide." In Plant in Challenging Environments, 141–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40173-2_8.

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Luptakova, A., E. Macingova, and J. Jencarova. "Application of Bacterially Produced Hydrogen Sulphide for Selective Precipitation of Heavy Metals." In Water Treatment Technologies for the Removal of High-Toxity Pollutants, 267–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3497-7_27.

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Suleimenov, O. M., and T. M. Seward. "Spectrophotometric determination of the first ionization constant of hydrogen sulphide at high temperatures." In Water-Rock Interaction, 113–15. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrogen sulphide"

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Privalov, V. E., and V. G. Shemanin. "Lidar sensing of hydrogen sulphide." In XVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE AND LASER PHYSICS DEVOTED TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089840.

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Baeza, Antonia, Mercedes Lloréns, Andrea Molina, and Mar Durán. "Hydrogen sulphide levels in a WWTP." In 14th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE14). Grupo Pacífico, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-14.dg.09.02.

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Thimm, H. F. "Hydrogen Sulphide Measurements in SAGD Operations." In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/2000-018.

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Varbanov, Veselin, Emanuil Agontsev, Rositsa Velichkova, and Milka Uzunova. "Development of a hydrogen sulphide plant." In 2016 4th International Symposium on Environmental Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/efea.2016.7748806.

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Al Rawahi, S., and J. Al Harthi. "Hydrogen sulphide mapping study for existing facilities." In RISK ANALYSIS 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/risk140181.

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Thimm, H. F. "Hydrogen Sulphide Measurements in SAGD Operations II." In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/2001-087.

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Hoda, Uruj, Hendrica Zwetsloot, Sally Meah, Pankaj Bhavsar, and Fan Chung. "Measuring exhaled hydrogen sulphide (eH2S) levels in asthma." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa1056.

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Beilby, Paul Stephen, Chris Clayton, and Brian John Moffatt. "Distribution of Hydrogen Sulphide in the Buzzard Field." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/123875-ms.

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Thimm, H. F. "Prediction of Hydrogen Sulphide Production in SAGD Projects." In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/2007-094.

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Sharma, Ashutosh, and Zulfiqur Ali. "Measurement of hydrogen sulphide gas using fluorescence quenching." In OE/LASE '92, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.59351.

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Reports on the topic "Hydrogen sulphide"

1

Furimsky, E., and M. Yumura. Solid adsorbents for removal of hydrogen sulphide from hot gas. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302594.

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Ternan, M. Catalysts for the production of hydrogen and sulphur from hydrogen sulphide using low temperatures and a two phase reaction mixture. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304450.

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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Mackie, S. J., C. M. Furlong, P. K. Pedersen, and O. H. Ardakani. Stratigraphy, facies heterogeneities, and structure in the Montney Formation of northeastern British Columbia: relation to H2S distribution. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329796.

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In the last decade, the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) has undergone significant development, providing a rich dataset to study structural, stratigraphic, and facies control on the variations in hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas content. Splitting the siltstone dominated Montney into the three regional members (i.e., Lower Montney, Middle Montney, and Upper Montney) allows for detailed analysis on the enrichment of H2S within a local-scale study area in northeastern British Columbia (BC). Within this study area, Upper Montney H2S content increases within individual parasequences both up-dip and towards the east. In addition to potential up-dip migration, there may be greater sulphur-bearing components in the east, allowing for the sulphate reduction required to generate H2S. The overlying Middle Triassic thins eastward, providing proximity to the overlying anhydrite-rich beds of the Upper Triassic Charlie Lake Formation. Further, the overlying Middle Triassic Sunset Prairie Formation has an erosional edge that corresponds with eastern elevated H2S concentrations within the Upper Montney unit. Mapped structures are syn-depositional to the Middle Triassic, potentially providing conduits for early sulphate-rich fluid migration. In the Middle and Lower Montney, elevated H2S generally occurs with proximity to the top of the Permian Belloy Formation. Within this study area, limited Lower Montney data is available and thus needs to be further corroborated with regional data. Both the Middle and Lower Montney display elevated H2S in trends that generally align with mapped faults. The faults may have acted as conduits for sulphate-rich fluids to migrate during early burial then migrate laterally through facies that may have been permeable during early burial, such as the carbonate-rich facies at the boundary between the Middle and Lower Montney. Further core and isotope analyses are required to fully understand this relationship.
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Beauregard, Yannick. PR261-193604-R01 Optimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking Management - Field and Economic Study. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012179.

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This work aims to improve pipeline segment prioritization for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) excavations. Specifically, it is aimed at optimizing the technical accuracy and the cost of the Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP, formerly NACE) Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SP0204-2015) process by: - evaluating the SCC susceptibility criteria of soil property parameters that were proposed in the first phase of the project (pH, resistivity, sulfide concentration, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, carbonate concentration, soil oxygen (O2) concentration, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) concentration, oxygen reduction potential (ORP), soil moisture content, soil effect on steel hydrogen permeation and electrochemical properties) - investigating the technical and economic feasibility of using commercially available field instruments for the measurement of these soil parameters to overcome limitations of laboratory testing (e.g., sample preservation and external costs) Soil sampling and testing was conducted at twenty-two dig sites in three geographic regions in the USA and Canada. On-site soil sampling and testing activities were conducted by field service providers using commercially available portable instruments. Soil samples were sent to laboratories for chemical analysis and for electrochemical characterization. The data analysis consisted of: (i) comparison of soil properties obtained at sites with and without SCC against the proposed SCC susceptibility criteria (ii) comparison of soil property data obtained in the field to those obtained through laboratory analysis (iii) comparison of soil property data obtained using different field and lab measurement techniques (iv) comparison of costs associated with performing in-field measurements to those of laboratory analysis.
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L51599 The Significance of Local Hard Zones on Outside of Girth Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010097.

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In petrochemical and oil and gas production plant the presence of sour H2S containing environments poses problems with regard to material behavior. The corrosion reaction between H2S and steel produces atomic hydrogen, which enters the steel and may, for example, lead to hydrogen pressure cracking (HPC) if steel quality is such that inclusion levels promote the entrapment of hydrogen gas. Fortunately this problem may be readily controlled by attention to steel cleanliness. A potentially more serious problem relating to sour environments is sulphide stress cracking (SSC), when the presence of hydrogen may lead to stress corrosion cracking in a susceptible material. In carbon-manganese steels, susceptibility to SSC is associated with a hardened microstructure and control of the problem therefore requires limitations on material hardness. This is especially important in welded structures where the rapid cooling associated with welding may lead to a hardened heat affected zone (HAZ), together with significant residual welding stress. To determine to what extent a relaxation in external hardness could be possible, The Welding Institute proposed a program of work to study the influence of hardness and stress levels on the cracking propensity of GMA welds in pipeline steel. The project was to be carried out in two phases: in the first, the hardness limit for internal GMA bead on pipe welds (simulating weld root regions) was to be determined in a sour (NACE) solution; in Phase 2, external bead on pipe welds (simulating weld cap regions) would be assessed, again with the sour environment on the inside of the pipe. This report presents the results of both phases of the study. In order to study the influence of wall thickness on cracking behavior, seamless pipe materials to API-5L-X52 specification were obtained in 408 mm (16 in) diameter with nominal wall thickness of 9.5, 12.7, 19.0 and 25.4 mm (0.37, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 in). Chemical analysis results are given. The materials were supplied in accordance with NACE MR-01-75 hardness specifications (22 HRC max), although no additional requirements were specified. Pipe B, which was obtained from a different supplier to the remaining pipes, had significantly higher sulfur content. Some variations existed between parent material microstructures, although all may be considered typical of the grade of steel. This program seeks to determine the threshold hardness level for sour service of as-deposited (un re-heated) weldment regions in the capping pass of girth welds in pipeline steel. Assessment has been made by comparing the cracking behavior in the NACE TM-01-77 test environment of internal and external single pass welds produced with a range of conditions by the GMAW process.
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