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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrogen-ion concentration

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrogen-ion concentration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrogen-ion concentration"

1

TAKAHASHI, Kyoh-Ichi. "Methods measuring intracellular hydrogen ion concentration." Hikaku seiri seikagaku(Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry) 13, no. 2 (1996): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3330/hikakuseiriseika.13.136.

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Norn, M. S. "HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION OF TEAR FLUID." Acta Ophthalmologica 46, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1968.tb05176.x.

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Gustavsson, Cart-in A.-S., Chritofer T. Lindgren, and Mikael E. Lindström. "Residual phase lignin in haft cooking related to the conditions in the cook." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1997-12-04-p225-23.

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Abstract The amount of lignin reacting according to the slow residual phase, i.e. the residual phase lignin, is in many perspectives an interesting issue. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a mathematical model to show how the amount of residual phase lignin in the kraft cooking of spruce chips (Picm ahies) depends on the conditions in the earlier phases of the cook. The variables studied were hydroxide ion concentration, hydrogen sulfide ion concentration and ionic strength. The liquor-to-wood ratio during pulping was very high to maintain approximately constant chemical concentrations throughout each experiment (so called "constant composition" cooks). An increase in hydroxide ion concentration andtor hydrogen sulfide ion concentration leads to a decrease in the amount of residual phase lignin, while an increase in ionic strength, i.e. sodium ion concentration, leads to an increase. A signiticant result is that the hydrogen sulfide ion concentration has a pronounced influence on the amount of residual phase lignin during a cook at a low hydroxide ion concentration. The amount of residual phase lignin expressed as % lignin on wood, L,, can be described by the following equation developed for "constant composition" cooks (when cooking with a constant sodium ion concentration of 2 mol/L): LT=0,55-0.32*[HO-](-1,3)*ln[HS-] This equation is valid for a concentration of HO- in the range from 0.17 to 1.4, and a hydrogen sulfide ion concentration from 0.07 to 0.6 mol/L.

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Shi, Laishun, Jian Gao, and Jingjing Chen. "Modeling study for oscillatory reaction of chlorite – iodide – ethyl acetoacetate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0072.

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Chlorine dioxide based chemical oscillating behavior was modeled by a simple scheme consisting of three component reactions. Furthermore, little is known about the influence of the pH value. In this study, four component reactions were used to model the chlorite – iodide – ethyl acetoacetate oscillating reaction by dynamic analysis software. The oscillatory phenomenon is observed for concentration changes of triiodide ion, chlorite ion, and hydrogen ion. The initial concentration of ethyl acetoacetate, chlorite ion, iodide ion, and hydrogen ion has great influence on oscillations. The amplitude and number of oscillations are associated with the initial reactant concentrations. The equation of the reaction rate of triiodide ion, chlorite ion, or hydrogen ion changing with reaction time and initial concentrations in the oscillation stage was obtained. The bifurcation surface between oscillatory and nonoscillatory behavior with different pH values was obtained. The spatial zone for the occurrence of oscillation is reduced with an increase in the pH value. The range of oscillation as concentrations of chlorine dioxide, iodine, and ethyl acetoacetate is well described by an equation. There is a lower limit on ethyl acetoacetate initial concentration for oscillation. However, there is a higher limit on chlorine dioxide and iodine concentration for oscillation. The concentrations of chlorine dioxide and iodine for oscillation decrease with an increase in the pH value. The results provide new theoretical evidence of the importance of pH value, which can affect the bifurcation surface between oscillatory and nonoscillatory behavior.

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Zhang, Lu Si, Jie Ding, Wan Qian Guo, Lei Gao, Nan Qi Ren, and Guo Xiang Zheng. "The Effect of Na-Ion on the Growth and Hydrogen Generation of Hydrogen-Producing Bacteria Yuan-3." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.954.

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Hydrogen-producing zymogenous bacteria YUAN-3 (Ethanoligenens harbinense) is used as the study object, on which the intermittent hydrogen production test is applied to examine the influence of Na-ion concentration on the growth and gas generation of YUAN-3. Research results show that when Na ion concentration is 1.5g/L, cell concentration reaches the maximum level 0.892g/L; when Na-ion concentration is maintained at 2.0~3.0g/L, culture medium is applicable for hydrogen generation of YUAN-3.

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Beck, Mihaly T., and Gyula Rabai. "Oscillations and oligoscillations in hydrogen ion concentration." Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 18 (August 1985): 3907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100264a029.

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Dimitrijevic, Mile, Milan Antonijevic, and Valentina Dimitrijevic. "Kinetics of pyrite oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in phosphoric acid solutions." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 64, no. 12 (1999): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc9912753d.

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The kinetics of pyrite oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in phosphoric acid solutions were investigated. The effects of stirring, temperature, and particle size, as well as of the hydrogen peroxide and phosphoric acid concentrations were studied. The effect of phosphate ion addition was also examined. The oxidation kinetics was found to follow a shrinking core model, with the surface chemical reaciton as the rate-controlling step. This is in accord with an activation energy of 57 kJ/mol and a linear relationship between the rate constant and the reciprocal of the particle radius. The reaction order with respect to the hydrogen peroxide concentration was found to be equal to unity. Variation of the phosphoric acid concentration had practically no effect on the rate of pyrite oxidation. Addition of the phosphate ion in the relatively low concentration range (0.005.0.1 mol/dm 3) had a highly negative influence on the rate of pyrite oxidation, indicating that this ion has an inhibiting effect on the oxidation of pyrite by hydrogen peroxide.

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TOMODA, Susumu, and Akira SUGAWARA. "Study on hydrogen ion concentration of lapping liquid." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 54, no. 2 (1988): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.54.372.

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9

Radke, K. J., E. G. Schneider, R. E. Taylor, and R. E. Kramer. "Effect of hydrogen ion concentration on corticosteroid secretion." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): E259—E264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.3.e259.

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The direct effects of changes in extracellular hydrogen ion (H+) concentration on corticosteroid secretion under basal and ACTH-stimulated conditions were studied in isolated, perfused canine adrenal glands. Changes in extracellular H+ concentration were produced by altering either PCO2 or [HCO-3] of the Krebs-bicarbonate perfusate. Alkalosis markedly inhibited ACTH-stimulated aldosterone secretion. Moreover, within the range of pH from 7.19 to 7.85, there was a positive correlation between H+ concentration and the fractional secretion of aldosterone but a negative correlation between H+ concentration and the fractional secretion of corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone in response to ACTH. In contrast, neither acidosis nor alkalosis had a significant, direct effect on basal or ACTH-stimulated cortisol secretion. We conclude that 1) H+ concentration modulates the stimulatory effect of ACTH on aldosterone secretion by a direct action on the adrenal cortex, 2) acid-base disturbances are specific to the zona glomerulosa of the canine adrenal gland, and 3) H+ concentration may influence events occurring late in the pathway for aldosterone biosynthesis.

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Buchner, E. H. "The Hofmeister series and the hydrogen ion concentration." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 49, no. 12 (September 3, 2010): 1150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19300491210.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrogen-ion concentration"

1

Nyberg, Lindborg Kristina. "Phagolysosomal pH measurements in alveolar macrophages /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4512-8/.

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Koort, Eve. "Uncertainty estimation of potentiometrically measured pH and pK[subscript a] values /." Online version, 2006. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/599/5/koorteve.pdf.

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Huang, Ming-Chieh. "Silicon microfabricated device for non-sheath-flow cytometer-based chemical analysis and microchannel flow sensing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5870.

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CORDARO, RICHARD BRIAN. "ELECTRON IMPACT DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION OF HYDROGEN, WATER, AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188028.

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The dissociative ionization by electron impact of H₂, H₂O, and H₂S was investigated between the electron impact energies of 20 and 45 eV. Protons were the detected fragments, and a time-of-flight method was used to measure the proton kinetic energies. By also measuring the thresholds for the production of discrete energy groups of protons, it was possible to determine the dissociation limits and kinetic energy distributions for individual electronic states. It was found that autoionizing states that lead to dissociation were the major contributors of proton fragments for all of the molecules investigated. Some of the measurements are tabulated in the following table. (UNFORMATTED TABLE FOLLOWS) Molecule Threshold Dissociation Probable Probable (eV) limit (eV) state fragments H₂ 24.5±1.0 18.0±1.0 Q₁ ¹Σ(g)⁺ H⁺, H(1S) 30.5±1.0 18.0±1.0 Q₁ ¹Πᵤ H⁺, H(1S) 36.5±1.0 -- ²Πᵤ H⁺, H(2P) H₂O 24.5±1.0 19.5±1.0 -- H⁺, OH (X²Π) 29.5±1.0 23.0±1.0 -- H⁺,O(³P),H(1S) H₂S 25.5±1.0 18.0±1.0 -- H⁺, HS (X²Π) 32.0±1.0 -- -- H⁺, . . . 42.0±1.0 -- -- H⁺, . . . (TABLE ENDS)

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Mo, Fong-ming. "The role of intracellular pH in the control of adenosine output from oxidative skeletal muscle in-vivo and in-vitro /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17310696.

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CHO, HYUCK. "COINCIDENCE DETECTION OF PROTONS AND METASTABLE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN BY ELECTRON IMPACT (TIME-OF-FLIGHT)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188027.

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A coincidence has been observed between H(2S) and H⁺ fragments resulting from the bombardment of H₂ with 100 eV electrons. A significant source of this coincidence is believed to be the 2sσ(g) state of H₂⁺. The time-of-flight (TOF) distribution of H(2S) fragments from the 2sσ(g) state was measured and converted to the kinetic energy distribution from which the potential energy of the 2sσ(g) state in the Franck-Condon region was constructed. The result is in good agreement with a published calculation.

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CASTLE, KENNETH ROBERT. "ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF A SPECTROPOLARIMETER." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188026.

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Two identical instruments have been developed for use in the field to make radiometric measurements. They have been described as spectropolarimeters because of their ability to make polarization measurements in narrow spectral passbands. They have been used as part of a NASA sponsored project to monitor the spectral and temporal response of the thematic mapper satellites. These satellites allow many natural and man-tended resources to be monitored over years of time, thus allowing their use to be planned for in the future. The dissertation discusses the design, fabrication, testing and absolute radiometric calibration of these spectropolarimeter instruments. The outstanding feature of these instruments are that they have been calibrated absolutely, for radiance measurements, to an accuracy of 2% - 3%, in the range of 400 nm to 1040 nm over selected spectral passbands. Previously, field measurements were considered good if they had an absolute accuracy of 10%, implying that the present accuracies are advancing the state-of-the-art for field instrument calibrations. These improved accuracies are the result of using two recently developed calibration standards, both of which use detector based methods. These standards are the Electrically Calibrated Pyroelectric Radiometer (ECPR), and the QED-100 quad detector. The end of the dissertation discusses the attempts made to verify that the accuracies claimed are indeed valid, and it is the author's belief that these accuracies have been verified completely.

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8

巫放明 and Fong-ming Mo. "The role of intracellular pH in the control of adenosine output from oxidative skeletal muscle in-vivo and in-vitro." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31235190.

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Wang, Guo-Ji 1953. "Effect of pH on the structure and function of La Crosse virus." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277186.

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The La Crosse (LAC) virus is a member of the California encephalitis group of bunyaviridae (Porterfield et al., 1975 and 1976). It is one of an envelope virus and this virus under acidic conditions (below pH 6.3) has been demonstrated to result in cell-to-cell fusion (Gonzalez-Scarano, 1984). The LAC virus is also capable of forming virus-to-virus fusion particles. The focus of this thesis is the analysis of the structure and function of this virus-to-virus fusion by cryo-electron microscopy at different pH and temperatures. The results of this study provide the basis for further study of the structure and function of the LAC virus. The virus-to-virus fusion event shows a dependence on both pH and temperature. The frequency of the fusion event increases with an elevation in temperature (in the range 4 to 37°C) and with a decrease in pH from 7.3 to 5.4. The process of virus-to-virus fusion gives rise to the formation budding to a chain of fused viruses.

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Meng, Yiyu. "Nitrite oxidising bacteria in soil : examination of the interactions with ammonia oxidisers and the influence of pH on their diversity and distribution." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231853.

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Nitrification is a central part of the nitrogen cycle, whereby the most reduced form, ammonia, is converted to the most oxidised form, nitrate via nitrite. The first step is performed by ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), with the second step performed by nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB). Although both groups are closely associated in nature, ammonia oxidisers have received more attention compared to NOB as ammonia oxidation is considered the rate-limiting step. Nitrobacter and Nitrospira are two important groups of soil NOB. To determine whether there are specific associations of AOA or AOB with certain NOB, the effect of organic and inorganic ammonia sources was tested by adding glutamate or ammonium sulphate to soil together with either 5% 12CO2 or 13CO2 to determined autotrophic growth by DNA-SIP. The results demonstrated that while the various ammonia and nitrite oxidisers responded differently, there was no direct evidence of specific coupled interactions. The effects of soil pH on Nitrobacter and Nitrospira was then investigated in a long-term pH gradient in an agricultural field. The results demonstrated that Nitrospira abundance was lower in acidic soils, whereas Nitrobacter abundance remained equally or more abundant. pH also influenced the relative distribution of Nitrobacter and Nitrospira populations, with distinct community structures at both high and low pH. The interaction of AOA and NOB was further investigated in a co-culture experiment, and demonstrated that the removal of nitrite and free nitrous acid NOB enhanced both rates and amounts of ammonia oxidised, indicating that in acidic environments these relationships may be particularly critical. Finally, the use of the compound PTIO was investigated for potential use in elucidating specific relationships between AOA and NOB. Results demonstrated a lack of specificity for the target group, and was unstable in soil, and therefore its use in soil should proceed with caution.

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Books on the topic "Hydrogen-ion concentration"

1

Busenberg, Eurybiades. pH measurement of low-conductivity waters. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Kennedy, Harvey E. Shumard oaks successfully planted on high pH soils. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Busenberg, Eurybiades. pH measurement of low-conductivity waters. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Degner, Ralf. PH-Messung: Der Leitfaden für Praktiker. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Galster, H. pH measurement: Fundamentals, methods, applications, instrumentation. Weinheim: Cambridge, 1991.

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F, Koch William, and Durst Richard A. 1937-, eds. Standardization of pH measurements. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Schroder, L. J. Results of intercomparison studies for the measurement of pH and specific conductance at National Atmosepheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network monitoring sites, October 1981-October 1985. Denver, Colo: Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Schroder, L. J. Results of intercomparison studies for the measurement of pH and specific conductance at National Atmosepheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network monitoring sites, October 1981-October 1985. Denver, Colo: Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Busenburg, Eurybiades. pH measurement of low-conductivity waters. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Busenberg, Eurybiades. pH measurement of low-conductivity waters. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrogen-ion concentration"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Hydrogen Ion Concentration." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 375. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6124.

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Li, Da, and Yingzhuo Gao. "Hydrogen Ion Concentration Index of Culture Media." In Quality Management in the Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, 37–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6659-2_4.

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Lynch, Gordon S., David G. Harrison, Hanjoong Jo, Charles Searles, Philippe Connes, Christopher E. Kline, C. Castagna, et al. "Stabilization of Hydrogen Ion Activity or Concentration." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 809. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4531.

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Lloyd, Todd A., and Charles E. Wyman. "Predicted Effects of Mineral Neutralization and Bisulfate Formation on Hydrogen Ion Concentration for Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4–7, 2003, in Breckenridge, CO, 1013–22. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3_82.

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Issa, Touma B., P. Singh, and M. Baker. "Using an 11-Ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol Surface-Modified Electrode for Sensing Hydrogen-Ion Concentration in Concentrated Sulphuric Acid Solutions." In ACS Symposium Series, 257–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0690.ch021.

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Ahmed, S. Sohail, Kimberly L. Napoli, and Henry W. Strobel. "Oxygen Radical Formation Due to the Effect of Varying Hydrogen Ion Concentrations on Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Cyclosporine Metabolism in Rat and Human Liver Microsomes." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 135–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9480-9_19.

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Engelking, Larry R. "The Hydrogen Ion Concentration." In Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, 534–38. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391909-0.50082-7.

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"Hydrogen Ion Concentration Index." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1149. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_100546.

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"Hydrogen Ion Concentration Index." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 783. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_2581.

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"Hydrogen ion concentration (pH)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 506. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_6030.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrogen-ion concentration"

1

Gencheva, V., V. Mihailov, and R. Djulgerova. "Hydrogen negative ion concentration in (Ne+H 2 ) positive column glow discharge." In 11th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications, edited by Peter A. Atanasov and Stefka Cartaleva. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.425135.

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Xingchen, Gu, Li Lijun, Sun Jiajia, Li Min, Shao Changsheng, and LV Yumeng. "Micro-nano optical fiber liquid hydrogen ion concentration sensor based on polyaniline film." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics and Computer Engineering (ICCECE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccece51280.2021.9342311.

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Kudriakov, S., M. Kuznetsov, E. Studer, and J. Grune. "Hydrogen-Air Deflagration in the Presence of Longitudinal Concentration Gradients." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66619.

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Hydrogen gathering at the top of the containment or reactor building may occur due to an interaction of molten corium and water followed by a severe accident of a nuclear reactor (like TMI, Chernobyl, Fukushima accidents). It accumulates usually in a containment of nuclear reactor as a stratified semi-confined layer of hydrogen-air mixture. Depending on the local concentration and/or presence and activation of mitigation devices, hydrogen may burn following different combustion regimes. Thus, there is a need to estimate the severity of a combustion process under given geometrical configuration, scale, ignition position, and uniformity and composition of combustible mixture. A series of experiments performed at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in the framework of the LACOMECO European project is devoted to flame propagation in an obstructed large scale cylinder vessel with vertical hydrogen concentration gradients. A 33 m3 volume divided in two sub-compartments, lower (21.6 m3) and upper (11.2 m3), separated by round duplex door of 1 m diameter with a metal structure with 6 layers of wooden plates reproduce real geometry of obstructions with a blockage ratio of 0.33–0.43. A sampling probes method is used to control real distribution of hydrogen. Practically linear positive and negative vertical concentration gradients in the range from 4 % to 13 % are created prior to ignition. Pressure sensors (PCB type), ion probes and thermocouples are used in the experiments to monitor dynamics of hydrogen combustion. The process of flame propagation is investigated depending on hydrogen concentration gradient and ignition positions. Critical conditions for flame acceleration-deceleration and quenching of the flame due to hydrogen concentration gradient are the main scopes of the work. The experimental data obtained during the project will be used for safety analysis, risk assessment and as benchmark experiments for CFD numerical codes validation.

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Mazarevica, Gunta, Talivaldis Freivalds, and Antra Jurka. "Influence of hydrogen-ion concentration on refractive index value in red blood cells of diabetes patients." In International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, edited by Daniel L. Farkas and Robert C. Leif. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468355.

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Salim, Naqib, Youssef Beltaifa, Maurice Kettner, Oliver Loose, Tycho Weißgerber, Michael Züfle, Klaus Pöhlmann, and Peter Berlet. "Ion Current Sensing as Combustion Diagnostics for a Spark-Ignited Natural Gas-Hydrogen Engine." In 23rd Stuttgart International Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1204.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel to power cogeneration gas engines has been a research topic over the last few decades and has currently gained importance, even more due to current circumstances related to decarbonisation efforts for the energy supply. A significant part of the research done is focused on the topic of combustion diagnostics, which can be fulfilled through different methods. This work investigates the feasibility of the ion current sensing for a pure hydrogen fueled series natural gas cogeneration engine. For this purpose, a variation of the fuel composition (from 100% natural gas to 100% hydrogen) was carried out while maintaining the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and the combustion phasing (CA50). This demonstrated that the efficiency increased monotonically as the hydrogen concentration rose. Simultaneously, the duration of the ion current signals gradually dropped but was still detectable at 100% hydrogen combustion. Signals from the spark ignition interfered with the measureable ion current during the actual combustion. To further investigate this effect, a second series of experiments was conducted, where the duration of the spark ignition was varied. The results show, that a spark duration of 500 μs is sufficient to ignite a combustion with pure hydrogen and the ion current measured matches characteristic ion current signals of an engine combustion.</div></div>

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Li, Jincheng, Linyang Li, Yang Liu, Quanhua Xie, Yuanyuan He, Xiaoling Peng, and Nianbing Zhong. "Relationship between in-situ analysis of surface ion concentration at the photoelectrode and hydrogen production during photoelectrocatalytic reactions." In 2023 International Conference on Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, edited by Nianbing Zhong and Yang Yue. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3025196.

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Lee, Sangyup, Eunji Kim, Paul Maldonado Nogales, and Soon Ki Jeong. "Spectroscopic Analysis of Electrolyte Solutions with Diverse Metal Ions for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries." In International Conference on Advanced Materials, Mechanics and Structural Engineering. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wksz7w.

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The water-in-salt method, recognized for regulating metal ion solvation structure, garners attention in secondary batteries for its potential to broaden the electrolyte's operational range and reduce side reactions. However, the understanding of how anion size variations impact metal ion solvation structure remains limited. This study addresses the gap by employing mixed electrolytes with diverse anion sizes, investigating the effects of electrolyte concentration and anion size on the solvation structure of zinc cations crucial in electrochemical reactions. Various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy, are utilized. Mixed electrolytes are formulated by dissolving ZnCl2 and Zn (NO3)2 in water (1.0 mol kg‒1), with the addition of LiCl and LiNO3 (0.1 to 19.0 mol kg‒1). FT-IR and Raman analyses reveal weakened hydrogen bonds with increasing electrolyte concentration. Elevated concentration disrupts bonds between Li+ ions and water molecules, resulting in alterations in solvation structure. NMR and FT-IR spectra exhibit distinct behaviors, suggesting influences from molecular bonding structure and anion size, intricately linked to the specific salt used in electrolyte preparation.

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Cavallaro, Alberto, and Laxman Saggere. "Picoliter Fluidic Flow Characterization Using Ion-Selective Measurement." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82646.

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Techniques for accurate measurement of liquid flows involving volumes on the order of nanoliters and picoliters are critical for advancement of microfluidics applications. Although several techniques for measurement of microfluidic flows where a liquid is dispensed on to a target are available today, no proven techniques currently exist for measurement of microfluidic flows where a liquid is injected into a liquid media. Motivated by such a measurement need in a current project, this paper presents a novel experimental technique to measure bulk-flow of a liquid dispensed into another liquid medium with sensitivity down to picoliter range. This technique is based on the principle of titration of two liquids and measurement of hydrogen ions in the resulting solution. The critical components of the system that enable the proposed technique are: A highly sensitive hydrogen ion concentration (pH) sensor and a device to dispense very small, calibrated, volumes of liquid. Since commercially available hydrogen ion sensors are bulky for use in the proposed technique, a hydrogen ion sensor element that provides a sensing tip dimension on the order of a few microns is fabricated from a glass capillary for the current study. Dispensing of calibrated volumes of liquid is accomplished by means of a calibrated syringe for volumes in nanoliter range and a glass capillary for volumes in picoliter range, the latter serving as a dispensing port of a diameter of about 2 μm. The paper includes details of experiments where the proposed technique is first applied to precisely predict injections of 20 and 40 nL volumes and then extended to demonstrate the sensitivity of the sensor element to injections of volumes in the picoliter range. The preliminary experimental results presented generally validate the principle involved in this technique and suggest that the technique is virtually scalable to any volume flows typically encountered in the microfluidics applications.

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Xu, Dongyan, Deyu Li, Yongsheng Leng, and Yunfei Chen. "Effects of Ion-Water Potentials in Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ion Distribution in Nanochannels." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15060.

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Understanding ion and fluid transport through highly confined nanochannels is important for the study of many interesting phenomena in nature and for the design of novel nanofluidic devices. Molecular dynamics has been proved to be a powerful tool to investigate the transport of ion and fluid in nanochannels, however, the results of molecular dynamics simulation depend on the selection of intermolecular potentials in the simulation. In this work, we applied two different ionwater interaction potentials to study their effects in the molecular dynamics simulation of ion distribution in the nanochannels between two parallel charged surfaces. Water was simulated with the TIP4P and SPC/E models and the electrostatic interaction between ions, water molecules, and surface charges was modeled by using Ewald summation algorithm with the slab correction. Two different interaction potentials between the ion and water molecules, one based on simple Lennard-Jones potential and the other based on the Bounds' ion-water potential, were adopted to explore the effects of ion-water interactions on the ion distribution in nanochannels. The Bounds' model takes into account the interactions between ions and both oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the water molecules. Ion concentration profiles in nanochannels with these two different potentials were calculated and results showed that the ion-water interaction potential could significantly affect the ion distribution in nanochannels. We expect that the ion-water potential could also have important effect on modeling of electroosmotic flow through nanochannels.

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Thornton, Jimmy D., B. T. Chorpening, Todd G. Sidwell, Peter A. Strakey, E. D. Huckaby, and K. J. Benson. "Flashback Detection Sensor for Hydrogen Augmented Natural Gas Combustion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27865.

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The use of hydrogen augmented fuel is being investigated by various researchers as a method to extend the lean operating limit, and potentially reduce thermal NOx formation in natural gas fired lean premixed (LPM) combustion systems. The resulting increase in flame speed during hydrogen augmentation, however, increases the propensity for flashback in LPM systems. Real-time in-situ monitoring of flashback is important for the development of control strategies for use of hydrogen augmented fuel in state-of-the-art combustion systems, and for the development of advanced hydrogen combustion systems. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Woodward are developing a combustion control and diagnostics sensor (CCADS), which has already been demonstrated as a useful sensor for in-situ monitoring of natural gas combustion, including detection of important combustion events such as flashback and lean blowoff. Since CCADS is a flame ionization sensor technique, the low ion concentration produced in pure hydrogen combustion raises concerns of whether CCADS can be used to monitor flashback in hydrogen augmented combustion. This paper discusses CCADS tests conducted at 0.2-0.6 MPa (2–6 atm), demonstrating flashback detection with fuel compositions up to 80% hydrogen (by volume) mixed with natural gas. NETL’s Simulation Validation (SimVal) combustor offers full optical access to pressurized combustion during these tests. The CCADS data and high-speed video show the reaction zone moves upstream into the nozzle as the hydrogen fuel concentration increases, as is expected with the increased flame speed of the mixture. The CCADS data and video also demonstrate the opportunity for using CCADS to provide the necessary in-situ monitor to control flashback and lean blowoff in hydrogen augmented combustion applications.

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Reports on the topic "Hydrogen-ion concentration"

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Rai, D., A. R. Felmy, S. P. Juracich, and F. Rao. Estimating the hydrogen ion concentration in concentrated NaCl and Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolytes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/106419.

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Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh, Gilbert Kosgei, Matthew Glasscott, Garrett George, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Boronic acid functionalized ferrocene derivatives towards fluoride sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44762.

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In this technical report (TR), a robust, readily synthesized molecule with a ferrocene core appended with one or two boronic acid moieties was designed, synthesized, and used toward F- (free fluoride) detection. Through Lewis acid-base interactions, the boronic acid derivatives are capable of binding with F- in an aqueous solution via ligand exchange reaction and is specific to fluoride ion. Fluoride binding to ferrocene causes significant changes in fluorescence or electrochemical responses that can be monitored with field-portable instrumentation at concentrations below the WHO recommended limit. The F- binding interaction was further monitored via proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In addition, fluorescent spectroscopy of the boronic acid moiety and electrochemical monitoring of the ferrocene moiety will allow detection and estimation of F- concentration precisely in a solution matrix. The current work shows lower detection limit (LOD) of ~15 μM (285 μg/L) which is below the WHO standards. Preliminary computational calculations showed the boronic acid moieties attached to the ferrocene core interacted with the fluoride ion. Also, the ionization diagrams indicate the amides and the boronic acid groups can be ionized forming strong ionic interactions with fluoride ions in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions.

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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.

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McKinnon, Mark, Sean DeCrane, and Steve Kerber. Four Firefighters Injured in Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System Explosion -- Arizona. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/tehs4612.

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On April 19, 2019, one male career Fire Captain, one male career Fire Engineer, and two male career Firefighters received serious injuries as a result of cascading thermal runaway within a 2.16 MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system (ESS) that led to a deflagration event. The smoke detector in the ESS signaled an alarm condition at approximately 16:55 hours and discharged a total flooding clean agent suppressant (Novec 1230). The injured firefighters were members of a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team that arrived on the scene at approximately 18:28 hours. The HAZMAT team noted low-lying white clouds of a gas/vapor mixture issuing from the structure and nearby components and drifting through the desert. The team defined a hot zone and made several entries into the hot zone to conduct 360-degree size-ups around the ESS using multi-gas meters, colorimetric tubes, and thermal imaging cameras (TICs). The team detected dangerously elevated levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) during each entry. The team continued to monitor the ESS and noted the white gas/vapor mixture stopped flowing out of the container at approximately 19:50 hours. The HAZMAT leadership developed an incident action plan with input from a group of senior fire officers and information about the ESS provided by representatives from the companies that owned, designed, and maintained the ESS. The HAZMAT team made a final entry into the hot zone and found that HCN and CO concentrations in the vicinity of the ESS were below an acceptable threshold. In following with the incident action plan, the team opened the door to the ESS at approximately 20:01 hours. A deflagration event was observed by the firefighters outside the hot zone at approximately 20:04 hours. All HAZMAT team members received serious injuries in the deflagration and were quickly transported to nearby hospitals. Note: The lithium-ion battery ESS involved in this incident was commissioned prior to release of a first draft of the current consensus standard on ESS installations, NFPA 855 [1]; the design of the ESS complied with the pertinent codes and standards active at the time of its commissioning.

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