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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrogen donors'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Laven, Johannes G., Reinhard Job, Werner Schustereder, Hans Joachim Schulze, Franz Josef Niedernostheide, Holger Schulze, and Lothar Frey. "Conversion Efficiency of Radiation Damage Profiles into Hydrogen-Related Donor Profiles." Solid State Phenomena 178-179 (August 2011): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.178-179.375.

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By introducing radiation damage and hydrogen and successively annealing with low thermal budgets, hydrogen-related donors are created in oxygen-lean silicon. Hydrogen-related donor profiles are induced in float-zone silicon by implanting hydrogen and/or helium and successive annealing with or without additional hydrogen introduction by a hydrogen plasma. The efficiency of the conversion of the radiation-induced damage into the hydrogen-related donors differs in dependence of the method of damage and hydrogen introduction. In proton implanted samples, the ultimate introduction rate of the donors is significantly lower than it is in helium and hydrogen co-implanted samples. Furthermore, the depth distribution of the hydrogen-related donors shows a deviance from the simulated distribution of the radiation damage induced by proton implantation not seen in case of helium-induced damage. The change in doping efficiency is discussed in respect to the hydrogen content in the different experiments.

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2

Steiner, T. "Hydrogen-Bond Distances to Halide Ions in Organic and Organometallic Crystal Structures: Up-to-date Database Study." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 54, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197014821.

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Geometrical data on hydrogen bonds to halide ions are compiled from the currently available crystal structures. Hydrogen bonds from 25 donor types to fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide ions are considered. Compared with earlier compilations, the increased data volume allows a finer subdivision of O—H and N—H donors, and the donors C—H, S—H and P—H can be included. For a given donor type, the hydrogen-bond distance typically increases by over 0.5 Å from fluoride to chloride, 0.15 Å from chloride to bromide and 0.25 Å from bromide to iodide acceptors. The strongest of the C—H donors considered, chloroform, forms hydrogen bonds with chloride ions with an average H...Cl separation of only 2.39 Å and an average C...Cl separation of 3.42 Å. The lengthening of the N—H covalent bond in hydrogen bonds to chloride ions is quantified from neutron diffraction data.

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3

Matyas, Melinda, Monica G. Hasmasanu, and Gabriela Zaharie. "Antioxidant Capacity of Preterm Neonates Assessed by Hydrogen Donor Value." Medicina 55, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110720.

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Background and objectives: Premature newborns have a number of oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Antioxidant defense is deficient in premature newborns. Hydrogen donors can be used to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. By measuring hydrogen donors, a group of antioxidants can be assessed: tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These represent the most relevant group of non-enzymatic antioxidants. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense capacity of premature newborns by measuring hydrogen donors. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity by hydrogen donor measurement in 24 premature newborns with various oxidative stress-inducing disorders and in 14 premature newborns without oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica program (v. 8, StatSoft, Round Rock, TX, USA). Differences between groups were tested with Wilcoxon matched test for quantitative paired data or Mann–Whitney test for quantitative independent data. The Z test for proportions was used to compare qualitative data among subgroups. Results: Hydrogen donors in the study group had a significantly lower value on the first day of life compared to the value of the control group. Also, the hydrogen donor value in the study group was significantly lower on the first day compared to the third day of life (p < 0.05). Neonates with mild respiratory distress (14 cases) had increased hydrogen donor values on their third day of life compared to the first day of life. Conclusions: The antioxidant capacity is influenced by oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Respiratory distress influenced the hydrogen donor value and antioxidant defense. Antioxidant defense gradually improves after birth according to gestational age.

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4

Kaduk, James A., Amy M. Gindhart, and Thomas N. Blanton. "Crystal structure of atazanavir, C38H52N6O7." Powder Diffraction 35, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715620000135.

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The crystal structure of atazanavir has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Atazanavir crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 15.33545(7), b = 5.90396(3), c = 21.56949(13) Å, β = 96.2923(4)°, V = 1941.134(11) Å3, and Z = 2. Despite being labeled as “atazanavir sulfate”, the commercial reagent sample consisted of atazanavir free base. The structure consists of an array of extended-conformation molecules parallel to the ac-plane. Although the atazanavir molecule contains only four classical hydrogen bond donors, hydrogen bonding is, surprisingly, important to the crystal energy. Both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are significant. The hydroxyl group forms bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds to a carbonyl oxygen atom and an amide nitrogen. Several amide nitrogens act as donors to the hydroxyl group and carbonyl oxygen atoms. An amide nitrogen acts as a donor to another amide nitrogen. Several methyl, methylene, methyne, and phenyl hydrogens participate in hydrogen bonds to carbonyl oxygens, an amide nitrogen, and the pyridine nitrogen. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ as entry 00-065-1426.

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5

Starikova, Ye G., N. V. Ryazantseva, V. V. Novitsky, L. A. Tashireva, Yu V. Starikov, Ye A. Stepovaya, I. A. Osikhov, O. A. Vasiliyeva, and Y. D. Yakushina. "The role of intracellular gaseous transmitters hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in apoptosis regulation of normal and cancer cells." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 10, no. 6 (December 28, 2011): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2011-6-40-44.

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Investigation of influence of gases nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide on apoptotic cell death of Jurlat cells and mononuclear leucocytes of healthy donors was conducted. It was shown that 100 mmol sodium nitroprussidi increased the apoptosis of T lymphoblast leukemia cells after 15’ incubation. 10 and 100 mmol donor of hydrogen sulfide caused apoptotic death of Jurkat cells after 15’ incubation. 15’ exposure of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide donors did not lead to the changes of cell death of mononuclear leucocytes. Gaseous transmitters NO and H2S increased necrosis of Jurkat cells and mononuclear leucocytes after 24 h incubation with the appropriate gase’s donor.

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6

Pokotilo, Yurii M., Alla N. Petukh, Valentin V. Litvinov, and B. G. Tsvirko. "Hydrogen-Related Donors in Silicon: Centers with Negative Electronic Correlation Energy." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.229.

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The transformation of the shallow hydrogen-related donors, which have been formed in the silicon samples by irradiation of the low energy (300 keV) protons and following heat treatment under 350 0С or 450 0С was investigated. The experiment was carried out on Ag-Mo-Si Shottky diodes and diodes with shallow p+-n-junction. The concentration and distribution of these donors were defined by C-V-method at 1.2 MHz frequency. Using temperature dependence of equilibrium electron concentration it was established, that the hydrogen-related donors were charged controlled centers with negative electronic correlation energy (U<0). The transformation between both equilibrium configurations of the double hydrogen-related donor takes place when value of the Fermi level is arranged near Ec-0.30 eV. It was revealed that the donor transformation from neutral into double charged state have been stimulated by minority carriers trapping under room temperature when Fermi level was higher then level of the double electron occupation E(0/++)= Ec-0.30 eV.

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7

Chertanova, L., and C. Pascard. "Statistical analysis of noncovalent interactions of anion groups in crystal structures. I. Hydrogen bonding of sulfate anions." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768196003035.

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The hydrogen-bond acceptor characteristics of sulfate dianions are analyzed in crystal structures of small molecules. For 85 anions, neither coordinated to metal ions nor covalently bonded, 697 hydrogen bonds are faund. Of these, 266 (38%) are the O...H—O type and 431 (62%) are the O...H—N type, proportions that correspond well to the stoichiometry of the compounds studied and indicate no preference for a particular donor. The analysis of the data set, after classifying the hydrogen bonds according to the different types of donors, shows that O...H—O bonds are more linear than O...H—N. The anion oxygen–acceptor function is characterized by multiple hydrogen bonding. Only in 56 cases does a sulfate oxygen participate in a single hydrogen bond. In most cases every sulfate oxygen is coordinated by two (187 cases) or three (89 cases) hydrogen bonds. For three H donors, the preferred coordination geometry of the sulfate oxygen is pyramidal. The most frequent coordination around a sulfate dianion is with eight to ten H donors. Thus, sulfate dianions can play a significant cohesive role in molecular aggregation.

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8

Xiao, Ke, Yongxin Hu, Yongyong Wan, XinXin Li, Qin Nie, Hao Yan, Liming Wang, et al. "Hydrogen bond activated glycosylation under mild conditions." Chemical Science 13, no. 6 (2022): 1600–1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc05772c.

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A mild glycosylation system was developed using glycosyl imidate donors and a charge-enhanced thiourea H-bond donor catalyst. The method can be used for the effective synthesis of O-, C-, S- and N-glycosides and chemoselective one-pot glycosylation.

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9

Cao, Lichuang, Cameron J. Hunt, Anne S. Meyer, and René Lametsch. "New Insight into the Substrate Selectivity of Bovine Milk γ-glutamyl Transferase via Structural and Molecular Dynamics Predictions." Molecules 28, no. 12 (June 9, 2023): 4657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124657.

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Bovine milk γ-glutamyltransferase (BoGGT) can produce γ-glutamyl peptides using L-glutamine as a donor substrate, and the transpeptidase activity is highly dependent on both γ-glutamyl donors and acceptors. To explore the molecular mechanism behind the donor and acceptor substrate preferences for BoGGT, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed with L-glutamine and L-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (γ-GpNA) as donors. Ser450 is a crucial residue for the interactions between BoGGT and donors. BoGGT forms more hydrogen bonds with L-glutamine than γ-GpNA, promoting the binding affinity between BoGGT and L-glutamine. Gly379, Ile399, and Asn400 are crucial residues for the interactions between the BoGGT intermediate and acceptors. The BoGGT intermediate forms more hydrogen bonds with Val-Gly than L-methionine and L-leucine, which can promote the transfer of the γ-glutamyl group from the intermediate to Val-Gly. This study reveals the critical residues responsible for the interactions of donors and acceptors with the BoGGT and provides a new understanding of the substrate selectivity and catalytic mechanism of GGT.

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10

Lavrov, Eduard V., Igor Chaplygin, Frank Herklotz, and Vladlen V. Melnikov. "Hydrogen Donors in Anatase TiO2." physica status solidi (b) 258, no. 8 (July 14, 2021): 2100171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.202100171.

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11

Pokotilo, Yu M., A. N. Petukh, and V. V. Litvinov. "New hydrogen donors in germanium." Technical Physics Letters 29, no. 10 (October 2003): 804–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1623851.

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12

Nagorny, Pavel, and Zhankui Sun. "New approaches to organocatalysis based on C–H and C–X bonding for electrophilic substrate activation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (December 23, 2016): 2834–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.283.

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Hydrogen bond donor catalysis represents a rapidly growing subfield of organocatalysis. While traditional hydrogen bond donors containing N–H and O–H moieties have been effectively used for electrophile activation, activation based on other types of non-covalent interactions is less common. This mini review highlights recent progress in developing and exploring new organic catalysts for electrophile activation through the formation of C–H hydrogen bonds and C–X halogen bonds.

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13

Wang, Rui, Ming Chen, Jia Wen Zhang, Fei Liu, and Hong Han Chen. "Microbial Perchlorate Reduction in Groundwater with Different Electron Donors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1402.

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Effects of different electron donors (acetate and hydrogen), acetate and perchlorate concentrations on microbial perchlorate reduction in groundwater were studied. The results showed that acetate and hydrogen addition as an electron donor can significantly improve perchlorate removal efficiency while a longer period was observed for hydrogen (15 d) than for acetate (8 d). The optical ratio of electron donor (acetate)-to-electron acceptor (perchlorate) was approximately 1.65 mg COD mg perchlorate-1. The highest specific reduction rate of perchlorate was achieved at the acetate-to-perchlorate ratio of 3.80 mg COD mg perchlorate-1. The perchlorate reduction rates corresponded well to the theoretical values calculated by the Monod equation and the parameters of Ks and Vm were determined to be 15.6 mg L-1 and 0.26 d-1, respectively.

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14

Zaorska, Ewelina, Lenka Tomasova, Dominik Koszelewski, Ryszard Ostaszewski, and Marcin Ufnal. "Hydrogen Sulfide in Pharmacotherapy, Beyond the Hydrogen Sulfide-Donors." Biomolecules 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020323.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the important biological mediators involved in physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Recently developed H2S donors show promising effects against several pathological processes in preclinical and early clinical studies. For example, H2S donors have been found to be effective in the prevention of gastrointestinal ulcers during anti-inflammatory treatment. Notably, there are well-established medicines used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, whose chemical structure contains sulfur moieties and may release H2S. Hence, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be partly the result of the release of H2S occurring during drug metabolism and/or the effect of these drugs on the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. In this work, we review data regarding sulfur drugs commonly used in clinical practice that can support the hypothesis about H2S-dependent pharmacotherapeutic effects of these drugs.

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15

Pokotilo, Yurii M., Alla N. Petukh, Valentin V. Litvinov, Vladimir P. Markevich, Nikolay V. Abrosimov, and Anthony R. Peaker. "Formation of Hydrogen-Related Shallow Donors in Ge_1-xSi_x Crystals Implanted with Protons." Solid State Phenomena 131-133 (October 2007): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.131-133.131.

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It is found that shallow hydrogen-related donors are formed in proton-implanted dilute Ge1-хSiх alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.031) as well as in Si-free Ge samples upon heat-treatments in the temperature range 225-300oC. The maximum concentration of the donors is about 1.5×1016 cm-3 for a H+ implantation dose of 1×1015 cm-2. The temperature range of formation of the protonimplantation- induced donors is the same in Ge1-xSix samples with different Si concentration. However, the increase in Si content results in a decrease of the concentration of the hydrogenrelated donors. It is argued that the H-related donors could be complexes of Ge-self-interstitials with hydrogen atoms. The observed decrease in the concentration of the donors with an increase in Si content in the Ge1-xSix samples is associated with interactions of mobile hydrogen atoms with Si impurity atoms. Such interactions reduce the number of implanted hydrogen atoms that can be involved in defect reactions resulting in the formation of H-related shallow donors.

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16

Biswas, Sharmita, and V. Pedireddi. "Molecular complexes of cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid with aza-donors." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094637.

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Hydrogen bond mediated molecular complexes of cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid (1) with aza-donors distinguished by positional isomerism like 4,4'-bipyridine (a), 2,2'-bipyridine (b), trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (c), trans-1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (d), 4,7-phenanthroline (e) and 1,10-phenanthroline (f) have been prepared either from a solvent mixture of methanol-water or from DMSO by solvent evaporation method. All the complexes crystallized as hydrates with different molecular ratios of 1, aza-donor and water. Detailed structural analyses of these molecular complexes have been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural diversity was found in the landscape of these molecular complexes depending upon the flexibility and positional isomerism of organic spacers (aza-donors) as well. Both intra and inter molecular hydrogen bonds played an important role in the formation of supramolecular architectures. Intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds are present in the acid molecule due to the favourable orientation of -COOH groups in the chair form of the cyclohexane ring. In basic recognition pattern of each complex, it has been noted that acid molecules interact with aza-donors as well as water molecules through O-H...N and O-H...O hydrogen bonds, respectively. Different topological patterns like sheets, tapes, ribbons and host-guest networks have been observed in three dimensional arrangements. Inclusion of water molecules in each molecular adduct indicates the importance of water molecules to stabilise the molecular ensembles of 1 and the corresponding aza-donors. Presence of water molecules in the crystal lattices was also supported by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

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17

Altamash, Tausif, Abdulkarem Amhamed, Santiago Aparicio, and Mert Atilhan. "Effect of Hydrogen Bond Donors and Acceptors on CO2 Absorption by Deep Eutectic Solvents." Processes 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121533.

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The effects of a hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor on carbon dioxide absorption via natural deep eutectic solvents were studied in this work. Naturally occurring non-toxic deep eutectic solvent constituents were considered; choline chloride, b-alanine, and betaine were selected as hydrogen bond acceptors; lactic acid, malic acid, and fructose were selected as hydrogen bond donors. Experimental gas absorption data were collected via experimental methods that uses gravimetric principles. Carbon dioxide capture data for an isolated hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor, as well as natural deep eutectic solvents, were collected. In addition to experimental data, a theoretical study using Density Functional Theory was carried out to analyze the properties of these fluids from the nanoscopic viewpoint and their relationship with the macroscopic behavior of the system, and its ability for carbon dioxide absorption. The combined experimental and theoretical reported approach work leads to valuable discussions on what is the effect of each hydrogen bond donor or acceptor, as well as how they influence the strength and stability of the carbon dioxide absorption in deep eutectic solvents. Theoretical calculations explained the experimental findings, and combined results showed the superiority of the hydrogen bond acceptor role in the gas absorption process, with deep eutectic solvents. Specifically, the cases in which choline chloride was used as hydrogen bond acceptor showed the highest absorption performance. Furthermore, it was observed that when malic acid was used as a hydrogen bond donor, it led to low carbon dioxide solubility performance in comparison to other studied deep eutectic solvents. The cases in which lactic acid was used as a hydrogen bond donor showed great absorption performance. In light of this work, more targeted, specific, deep eutectic solvents can be designed for effective and alternative carbon dioxide capture and management.

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18

Dell’Armi, Edoardo, Marta Maria Rossi, Lucia Taverna, Marco Petrangeli Papini, and Marco Zeppilli. "Evaluation of the Bioelectrochemical Approach and Different Electron Donors for Biological Trichloroethylene Reductive Dechlorination." Toxics 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010037.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) and more in general chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) can be removed from a contaminated matrix thanks to microorganisms able to perform the reductive dechlorination reaction (RD). Due to the lack of electron donors in the contaminated matrix, CAHs’ reductive dechlorination can be stimulated by fermentable organic substrates, which slowly release molecular hydrogen through their fermentation. In this paper, three different electron donors constituted by lactate, hydrogen, and a biocathode of a bioelectrochemical cell have been studied in TCE dechlorination batch experiments. The batch reactors evaluated in terms of reductive dechlorination rate and utilization efficiency of the electron donor reported that the bio-electrochemical system (BES) showed a lower RD rate with respect of lactate reactor (51 ± 9 µeq/d compared to 98 ± 4 µeq/d), while the direct utilization of molecular hydrogen gave a significantly lower RD rate (19 ± 8 µeq/d), due to hydrogen low solubility in liquid media. The study also gives a comparative evaluation of the different electron donors showing the capability of the bioelectrochemical system to reach comparable efficiencies with a fermentable substrate without the use of other chemicals, 10.7 ± 3.3% for BES with respect of 3.5 ± 0.2% for the lactate-fed batch reactor. This study shows the BES capability of being an alternative at classic remediation approaches.

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19

Zhao, Yu, Hua Wang, and Ming Xian. "Cysteine-Activated Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Donors." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 1 (January 12, 2011): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja1085723.

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20

Gould, Kenneth A., and Irwin A. Wiehe. "Natural Hydrogen Donors in Petroleum Resids†." Energy & Fuels 21, no. 3 (May 2007): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef060349t.

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21

Levinn, Carolyn M., Matthew M. Cerda, and Michael D. Pluth. "Activatable Small-Molecule Hydrogen Sulfide Donors." Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 32, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2019.7841.

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22

Martelli, Alma, Valentina Citi, Lara Testai, Simone Brogi, and Vincenzo Calderone. "Organic Isothiocyanates as Hydrogen Sulfide Donors." Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 32, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 110–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2019.7888.

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23

Hartung, Joachim, and Jörg Weber. "Shallow hydrogen-related donors in silicon." Physical Review B 48, no. 19 (November 15, 1993): 14161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.14161.

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24

Meng, Xiang-Ti, Ai-Guo Kang, and Shou-Ren Bai. "Hydrogen-Defect Shallow Donors in Si." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 40, Part 1, No. 4A (April 15, 2001): 2123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.40.2123.

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25

Roger, Thomas, Francoise Raynaud, Frédéric Bouillaud, Céline Ransy, Serge Simonet, Christine Crespo, Marie-Pierre Bourguignon, et al. "New Biologically Active Hydrogen Sulfide Donors." ChemBioChem 14, no. 17 (October 2, 2013): 2268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201300552.

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26

Whiteman, Matthew. "Therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide donors." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 96 (July 2016): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.037.

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27

Huang, Yue Long, Eddy Simoen, Cor Claeys, Reinhart Job, Yue Ma, Wolfgang Düngen, Wolfgang R. Fahrner, J. Versluys, and Paul Clauws. "DLTS Study on Deep Levels Formed in Plasma Hydrogenated and Subsequently Annealed Silicon." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.547.

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P-n junctions are created in p-type Czochralski silicon after a low temperature (270°C) hydrogen plasma exposure. This is attributed to the formation of hydrogen-related shallow donors. A deep level (E1) with an activation energy of about EC-0.12 eV is observed by DLTS measurement and assigned to a metastable state of the hydrogen-related shallow donors. At an annealing temperature of 340°C, the E1 centres disappear and oxygen thermal donors appear. The concentrations of the oxygen thermal donors are found typically to be 2-3 decades lower than that required for over-compensating the initial p-type doping and for contributing the excess free carriers.

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28

Poklonski, N. A., A. N. Dzeraviaha, and S. A. Vyrko. "Localization by an external magnetic field of electrons on the ions of hydrogen-like donors in non-degenerate semiconductors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series 56, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2020-56-2-239-252.

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In the quasi-classical approximation of quantum mechanics a model for the localization of conduction electrons on the ions of hydrogen-like donors in an external magnetic field was developed. The thermal ionization energy of donors in lightly doped and moderately compensated crystals of gallium arsenide and indium antimonide of n-type was calculated depending on the induction of the external magnetic field. In contrast to the known theoretical works (which use variational methods for solving the Schrödinger equation), a simple analytical expression is proposed for the ionization energy of the donor in the magnetic field, which quantitatively agrees with the known experimental data. It is shown that the magnitude of the magnetic field induced by the orbital motion of the electron around the ion core of the donor is negligible compared to the external field and does not contribute to the ionization energy of donors.

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29

DAI, YING, ANYI LI, YING ZHANG, and SHENGHAO HAN. "COMPLEX DONORS IN NITROGEN-DOPED DIAMOND." International Journal of Nanoscience 03, no. 04n05 (August 2004): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x04002255.

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Several Nitrogen (N)-hydrogen(H), N-dangling bond (DB) and N-single vacancy (V) complexes as the possible donor centers in diamond have been investigated using both supercell and cluster methods within the frame of density functional theory. We have found that the H—N—N—H complex exhibits shallower donor character than that of the N—H—N center discussed by Miyazaki et al.1 and it is one of the possible effective shallow donor centers in crystalline diamond. We conclude that the N—V related complex demonstrates a character of shallow donors and it should be one of the possible donor centers for the ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films, which are responsible for the n-type high conductivity of these films.

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30

Buonvino, Silvia, Matteo Ciocci, Dror Seliktar, and Sonia Melino. "Photo-Polymerization Damage Protection by Hydrogen Sulfide Donors for 3D-Cell Culture Systems Optimization." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116095.

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Photo-polymerized hydrogels are ideally suited for stem-cell based tissue regeneration and three dimensional (3D) bioprinting because they can be highly biocompatible, injectable, easy to use, and their mechanical and physical properties can be controlled. However, photo-polymerization involves the use of potentially toxic photo-initiators, exposure to ultraviolet light radiation, formation of free radicals that trigger the cross-linking reaction, and other events whose effects on cells are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in mitigating cellular toxicity of photo-polymerization caused to resident cells during the process of hydrogel formation. H2S, which is the latest discovered member of the gasotransmitter family of gaseous signalling molecules, has a number of established beneficial properties, including cell protection from oxidative damage both directly (by acting as a scavenger molecule) and indirectly (by inducing the expression of anti-oxidant proteins in the cell). Cells were exposed to slow release H2S treatment using pre-conditioning with glutathione-conjugated-garlic extract in order to mitigate toxicity during the photo-polymerization process of hydrogel formation. The protective effects of the H2S treatment were evaluated in both an enzymatic model and a 3D cell culture system using cell viability as a quantitative indicator. The protective effect of H2S treatment of cells is a promising approach to enhance cell survival in tissue engineering applications requiring photo-polymerized hydrogel scaffolds.

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31

Kim, Jaehyeon, Seung Hyeon Kim, Nam Jung Heo, Benjamin P. Hay, and Sung Kuk Kim. "Molecular Pincers Using a Combination of N-H and C-H Donors for Anion Binding." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010163.

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A naphthalene imide (1) and a naphthalene (2) bearing two pyrrole units have been synthesized, respectively, as anion receptors. It was revealed by 1H NMR spectral studies carried out in CD3CN that receptors 1 and 2 bind various anions via hydrogen bonds using both C-H and N-H donors. Compared with receptor 2, receptor 1 shows higher affinity for the test anions because of the enhanced acidity of its pyrrole NH and naphthalene CH hydrogens by the electron-withdrawing imide substituent. Molecular mechanics computations demonstrate that the receptors contact the halide anions via only one of the two respective available N-H and C-H donors whereas they use all four donors for binding of the oxyanions such as dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen pyrophosphate. Receptor 1, a push-pull conjugated system, displays a strong fluorescence centered at 625 nm, while receptor 2 exhibits an emission with a maximum peak at 408 nm. In contrast, upon exposure of receptors 1 and 2 to the anions in question, their fluorescence was noticeably quenched particularly with relatively basic anions including F−, H2PO4−, HP2O73−, and HCO3−.

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32

Chevallier, Jacques, François Jomard, Cecile Saguy, R. Kalish, and A. Deneuville. "Hydrogen Diffusion Mechanisms and Hydrogen-Dopant Interactions in Diamond." Advances in Science and Technology 46 (October 2006): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.46.63.

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Electronic grade diamond is usually grown by Microwave Plasma assisted CVD from a hydrogen rich CH4/H2 mixture, hence hydrogen is likely to be incorporated during growth. It may thus affect the properties of the material. In this work, we present the state of the art on the understanding of the diffusion properties of hydrogen and of the hydrogen-dopant interactions in diamond. First, we show the existence of strong interactions between H and boron dopants in diamond. The formation of H-acceptor pairs results in the passivation of the acceptors. Further, we show that an excess of hydrogen in selected boron-doped diamond epitaxial layers can result in the creation of H and boron-containing donors with a ionization energy of 0.36 eV (about half the ionization energy of phosphorus). At 300 K, the n-type conductivity of hydrogenated borondoped diamond is several orders of magnitude higher than the conductivity of phosphorus-doped diamond. The formation process of these new donors is discussed.

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33

Makarenko, L. F., F. P. Korshunov, S. B. Lastovski, Stanislav B. Lastovskii, N. M. Kazuchits, M. S. Rusetsky, Eckhart Fretwurst, et al. "Effect of Hydrogenation on Defect Reactions in Silicon Particle Detectors." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.217.

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The influence of preliminary treatment in hydrogen plasma on elimination of radiation defects and formation of thermal donors has been studied in detector structures made of standard and oxygenated float zone silicon has been studied. A new type of thermal donors has been found in as-treated diodes. These thermal donors are unstable and can be eliminated by heat-treatment at 200-250°C. After irradiation with 3.5 MeV electrons the detectors had been annealed at temperatures of 50-350 °C. It has been found that preliminary hydrogenation at 300 °C leads to disappearance of main vacancy-type radiation defects at lower annealing temperatures. The annealing of hydrogenated and irradiated crystals is accompanied by hydrogen redistribution and formation of hydrogen-related donors. Preliminary irradiation influences on both these processes.

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34

Gamekkanda, Janaka C., Abhijeet S. Sinha, John Desper, Marijana Đaković, and Christer B. Aakeröy. "Competition between hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds: a structural study." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 13 (2018): 10539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj00537k.

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35

Xu, Yufei, Jingxuan Long, Jian He, and Hu Li. "Alcohol-mediated Reduction of Biomass-derived Furanic Aldehydes via Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 20 (December 24, 2019): 2168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190723141955.

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With the depletion of fossil energy, liquid biofuels are becoming one of the effective alternatives to replace fossil fuels. The catalytic transfer and hydrogenation of biomass-based furanic compounds into fuels and value-added chemicals has become a spotlight in this field. Gas hydrogen is often used as the H-donor for the hydrogenation reactions. It is a very straightforward and simple method to implement, but sometimes it comes with the danger of operation and the difficulty of regulation. In recent years, diverse liquid hydrogen donor reagents have been employed in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of biomass. Amongst those H-donors, alcohol is a kind of green and benign reagent that has been used in different biomass conversion reactions. This type of reagent is very convenient to use, and the involved operation process is safe, as compared to that of H2. In this review, the application of alcohols as liquid H-donors in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furanic compounds is depicted, and the representative reaction mechanisms are discussed. Emphasis is also laid on the selective control of product distribution in the described catalytic systems.

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36

Martynov, Yu V., I. S. Zevenbergen, T. Gregorkiewicz, and C. A. J. Ammerlaan. "Hydrogen Passivation of Double Donors in Silicon." Solid State Phenomena 47-48 (July 1995): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.47-48.267.

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37

Shyaka, Clovis, Ming Xian, and Chung-Min Park. "Esterase-sensitive trithiane-based hydrogen sulfide donors." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 47 (2019): 9999–10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob02273b.

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38

Yasuda, Kensei, and Kiyonori Shinoda. "Dechlorination ofo-Dichlorobenzene with Various Hydrogen Donors." Chemistry Letters 32, no. 4 (April 2003): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2003.370.

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39

Aakeröy, Christer B., Kanishka N. Epa, Safiyyah Forbes, and John Desper. "Competing hydrogen-bond donors: phenols vs. cyanooximes." CrystEngComm 15, no. 30 (2013): 5946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ce41023d.

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40

Madras, Giridhar, and Benjamin J. McCoy. "Effect of hydrogen donors on polymer degradation." Catalysis Today 40, no. 4 (May 1998): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(98)00061-3.

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41

Moore, Philip K. "EP03 Therapeutic outlook for hydrogen sulfide donors." Nitric Oxide 31 (September 2013): S18—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2013.06.029.

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42

Herklotz, F., E. V. Lavrov, and J. Weber. "Photoluminescence study of hydrogen donors in ZnO." Physica B: Condensed Matter 404, no. 22 (December 2009): 4349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.09.031.

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43

Johnson, Erin R., and Gino A. Dilabio. "Radicals as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors." Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences 1, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12539-009-0024-3.

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44

Da Silva, E. C. F., L. V. C. Assali, and J. R. Leite. "Hydrogen passivation of shallow donors in silicon." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36, S23 (June 19, 2009): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560360871.

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45

Taylor, Mark S., and Eric N. Jacobsen. "Asymmetric Catalysis by Chiral Hydrogen-Bond Donors." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 10 (February 27, 2006): 1520–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503132.

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46

Gansaeuer, Andreas, Lei Shi, Matthias Otte, Inga Huth, Antonio Rosales, Iris Sancho-Sanz, Natalia M. Padial, and J. Enrique Oltra. "ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Atom Donors: Recent Developments." ChemInform 44, no. 16 (March 28, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201316246.

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47

Pietruś, Wojciech, Rafał Kafel, Andrzej J. Bojarski, and Rafał Kurczab. "Hydrogen Bonds with Fluorine in Ligand–Protein Complexes-the PDB Analysis and Energy Calculations." Molecules 27, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031005.

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Fluorine is a common substituent in medicinal chemistry and is found in up to 50% of the most profitable drugs. In this study, a statistical analysis of the nature, geometry, and frequency of hydrogen bonds (HBs) formed between the aromatic and aliphatic C–F groups of small molecules and biological targets found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) repository was presented. Interaction energies were calculated for those complexes using three different approaches. The obtained results indicated that the interaction energy of F-containing HBs is determined by the donor–acceptor distance and not by the angles. Moreover, no significant relationship between the energies of HBs with fluorine and the donor type was found, implying that fluorine is a weak HB acceptor for all types of HB donors. However, the statistical analysis of the PDB repository revealed that the most populated geometric parameters of HBs did not match the calculated energetic optima. In a nutshell, HBs containing fluorine are forced to form due to the stronger ligand–receptor neighboring interactions, which make fluorine the “donor’s last resort”.

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48

Brunet, Philippe, and James D. Wuest. "Formal transfers of hydride from carbon–hydrogen bonds. Attempted generation of H2 by intramolecular protonolyses of the activated carbon–hydrogen bonds of dihydrobenzimidazoles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-074.

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Protonolyses of carbon–hydrogen bonds can occur under suitable conditions to produce carbocations and H2. In an effort to accelerate these fundamental reactions, we have attempted to make them intramolecular by devising compounds in which carbon–hydrogen bonds designed to be particularly good formal donors of hydride are held in close proximity to acidic sites. Dihydrobenzimidazoles 4 and 11 are compounds of this type, since the carbon–hydrogen bonds at C2 are activated as formal donors of hydride by adjacent lone pairs in a dihydroaromatic ring, and acidic anilinium and carboxylic acid groups are held nearby. Unfortunately, this proximity does not lead to the formation of H2 by protonolysis; instead, other reactions intervene when compounds 4 and 11 are subjected to pyrolysis. Key words: intramolecular protonolysis of carbon–hydrogen bonds, formal donors of hydride, generation of H2, dihydrobenzimidazoles.

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49

Kargov, S. I., E. G. Tarakanova, and G. V. Yukhnevich. "Mutual Weakening of Hydrogen Bonds Between Hydrogen Fluoride and Proton Donors." Journal of Structural Chemistry 45, no. 2 (March 2004): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jory.0000048871.11968.b5.

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50

Akazawa, Housei. "Hydrogen induced electric conduction in undoped ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO thin films: Creating native donors via reduction, hydrogen donors, and reactivating extrinsic donors." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 32, no. 5 (September 2014): 051511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4892777.

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