Journal articles: 'Hydrogen blast furnace'

1

Lan, Chenchen, Yuejun Hao, Jiannan Shao, Shuhui Zhang, Ran Liu, and Qing Lyu. "Effect of H2 on Blast Furnace Ironmaking: A Review." Metals 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111864.

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Under the background of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization”, the green transformation of iron and steel enterprises is imminent. The hydrogen-rich smelting technology of blast furnaces is very important for reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission in ironmaking systems, and it is one of the important directions of green and low-carbon development of iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, the research status of the thermal state, reduction mechanism of iron-bearing burden, coke degradation behavior, and formation of the cohesive zone in various areas of blast furnace after hydrogen-rich smelting is summarized, which can make a more clear and comprehensive understanding for the effect of H2 on blast furnace ironmaking. Meanwhile, based on the current research situation, it is proposed that the following aspects should be further studied in the hydrogen-rich smelting of blast furnaces: (1) the utilization rate of hydrogen and degree of substitution for direct reduction, (2) combustion behavior of fuel in raceway, (3) control of gas flow distribution in the blast furnace, (4) operation optimization of the blast furnace.

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Rogozhnikov, S. P., and I. S. Rogozhnikov. "Effect of the natural gas hydrogen on variation of the heat and reducing processes along the blast furnace radius." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-1-41-49.

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The expenses for the blast furnace coke are one of most significant part of the hot metal cost. To save the coke, various technologies are used, capable to replace the coke by cheaper additional fuel (AF), in particular by natural gas (NG). The injection of considerable volumes of NG results in an increase of hydrogen share in the blast furnace gases and in a significant variation in the blast furnace technology. Study of peculiarities of such variations is necessary to use the NG more effectively. Based on the mathematical model of the blast furnace process, estimation of the effect of natural gas hydrogen on changes in the heat and reducing processes along the blast furnace radius was accomplished. A formula was elaborated, confirmed by practice, for calculating the degree of hydrogen usage ηН2 along the radius of the furnace. It was determined, that the reducing action of hydrogen along the furnace radius takes place unevenly –decreasing from the periphery to the axial zone of the blast furnace. To estimate the quantitative relations of the reducing action of hydrogen, parameters of the PAO “MMK” and PAO “ArcelorMittal Krivoy Rog” blast furnaces for a long period of operation were analyzed. It was determined, that in the axial and intermediate zones of a blast furnace, values of criterion RН2, designating the oxygen share in the burden removed by hydrogen, are in the range of 0.11–0.16 and weakly depend on the NG consumption. In the peripheral zone near the walls, the value of R Н 2 sharply increases to 0.22–0.27. In this zone of the blast furnace the quantity the burden oxygen, removed by hydrogen, accounts for 80–85%. Therefore, hydrogen accomplished the heat and reducing processes mainly in the peripheral zone of the furnace. At the NG consumption increase, the ore load should be increased for the peripheral zone, near the walls individually accounting hydrogen action along the furnace radius. This will make possible to increase the degree of hydrogen usage and decrease the coke consumption.

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Gao, Xudong, Run Zhang, Zhixiong You, Wenzhou Yu, Jie Dang, and Chenguang Bai. "Use of Hydrogen−Rich Gas in Blast Furnace Ironmaking of V−bearing Titanomagnetite: Mass and Energy Balance Calculations." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176078.

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The iron and steel industry is a major CO2 emitter and an important subject for the implementation of carbon emission reduction goals and tasks. Due to the complex ore composition and low iron grade, vanadium−bearing titanomagnetite smelting in a blast furnace consumes more coke and emits more carbon than in an ordinary blast furnace. Injecting hydrogen−rich gas into blast furnace can not only partially replace coke, but also reduce the carbon emission. Based on the whole furnace and zonal energy and mass balance of blast furnace, the operation window of the blast furnace smelting vanadium−bearing titanomagnetite is established in this study on the premise that the thermal state of the blast furnace is basically unchanged (raceway adiabatic flame temperature and top gas temperature). The effects of different injection amounts of hydrogen−rich gases (shale gas, coke oven gas, and hydrogen) on raceway adiabatic flame temperature and top gas temperature, and the influence of blast temperature and preheating temperature of hydrogen−rich gases on operation window are calculated and analyzed. This study provides a certain theoretical reference for the follow−up practice of hydrogen−rich smelting of vanadium−bearing titanomagnetite in blast furnace.

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Hu, Bin Sheng, Xiao Guang Liu, Yong Liang Gui, and Kai Lv. "Thermodynamic Calculation of Hydrogen Chloride Generation in Blast Furnace Smelting Process." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.1300.

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The generating pathways of hydrogen chloride in blast furnace smelting process may have two pathways: 1.sodium chloride and water react with phosphorus pentaoxide forming hydrogen chloride gas.2. Sodium chloride and water react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide forming hydrogen chloride gas. Based on Thermodynamic calculation of hydrogen chloride generation in blast furnace smelting process, hydrogen chloride gas is generated in the upper part of blast furnace shaft ,the generating temperature main range from 300°C too 800°C.

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Babachenko, О. I., О. S. Nesterov, and L. I. Garmash. "LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES IN BLAST-FURNACE PRODUCTION." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 35 (2021): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/10.52150/2522-9117-2021-35-34-54.

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In recent years more and more actively work has been carried out in the direction of decarbonization of metallurgical processes as part of an active «green» campaign to reduce energy intensity and harmful emissions. Metallurgy of the future is increasingly called hydrogen. The article presents an analysis of the main promising directions of the transition of the world ferrous metallurgy to waste-free and environmentally friendly technologies, carbon neutrality and the maximum reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The advantages and problems of «green» steel production are analyzed. An overview of pilot projects for the transition to carbon-free steel production at the world's largest metallurgical plants by using hydrogen instead of fossil fuels is given. The advantages and problems of using «gray», «green» and «blue» «carbon-neutral» hydrogen are analyzed. It is shown how the ideas about the role of hydrogen as a reducing agent in the blast furnace process were deepened and refined in the historical context in accordance with changes in the technology of blast furnace smelting and the contribution of ISI scientists to these studies. The main directions of modern developments in the field of decarbonization of metallurgical processes are given. The most promising are two areas of obtaining «green steel» currently - the injection of hydrogen into a blast furnace and the process of direct reduction of iron using hydrogen instead of fossil fuel. Investigations to determine the physicochemical regularities of the reduction processes in a blast furnace with the participation of hydrogen continue at the ISI at the present time. The results of laboratory studies of the influence of a reducing gas with a variable hydrogen content on the nature of the reduction of agglomerate and pellets in the «dry» zone of a blast furnace are presented.

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Nogami, Hiroshi, Yoshiaki Kashiwaya, and Daisuke Yamada. "Simulation of Blast Furnace Operation with Hydrogen Injection." Tetsu-to-Hagane 100, no. 2 (2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.100.251.

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7

Cavaliere, Pasquale, Angelo Perrone, Alessio Silvello, Paolo Stagnoli, and Pablo Duarte. "Integration of Open Slag Bath Furnace with Direct Reduction Reactors for New-Generation Steelmaking." Metals 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020203.

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The present paper illustrates an innovative steel processing route developed by employing hydrogen direct reduced pellets and an open slag bath furnace. The paper illustrates the direct reduction reactor employing hydrogen as reductant on an industrial scale. The solution allows for the production of steel from blast furnace pellets transformed in the direct reduction reactor. The reduced pellets are then melted in open slag bath furnaces, allowing carburization for further refining. The proposed solution is clean for the decarbonization of the steel industry. The kinetic, chemical and thermodynamic issues are detailed with particular attention paid to the slag conditions. The proposed solution is also supported by the economic evaluation compared to traditional routes.

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Patisson, Fabrice, and Olivier Mirgaux. "Hydrogen Ironmaking: How It Works." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070922.

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A new route for making steel from iron ore based on the use of hydrogen to reduce iron oxides is presented, detailed and analyzed. The main advantage of this steelmaking route is the dramatic reduction (90% off) in CO2 emissions compared to those of the current standard blast-furnace route. The first process of the route is the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis using CO2-lean electricity. The challenge is to achieve massive production of H2 in acceptable economic conditions. The second process is the direct reduction of iron ore in a shaft furnace operated with hydrogen only. The third process is the melting of the carbon-free direct reduced iron in an electric arc furnace to produce steel. From mathematical modeling of the direct reduction furnace, we show that complete metallization can be achieved in a reactor smaller than the current shaft furnaces that use syngas made from natural gas. The reduction processes at the scale of the ore pellets are described and modeled using a specific structural kinetic pellet model. Finally, the differences between the reduction by hydrogen and by carbon monoxide are discussed, from the grain scale to the reactor scale. Regarding the kinetics, reduction with hydrogen is definitely faster. Several research and development and innovation projects have very recently been launched that should confirm the viability and performance of this breakthrough and environmentally friendly ironmaking process.

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9

Hu, Yichao, Yinxuan Qiu, Jian Chen, Liangyuan Hao, Thomas Edward Rufford, Victor Rudolph, and Geoff Wang. "Integrating a Top-Gas Recycling and CO2 Electrolysis Process for H2-Rich Gas Injection and Reduce CO2 Emissions from an Ironmaking Blast Furnace." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062008.

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Introducing CO2 electrochemical conversion technology to the iron-making blast furnace not only reduces CO2 emissions, but also produces H2 as a byproduct that can be used as an auxiliary reductant to further decrease carbon consumption and emissions. With adequate H2 supply to the blast furnace, the injection of H2 is limited because of the disadvantageous thermodynamic characteristics of the H2 reduction reaction in the blast furnace. This paper presents thermodynamic analysis of H2 behaviour at different stages with the thermal requirement consideration of an iron-making blast furnace. The effect of injecting CO2 lean top gas and CO2 conversion products H2–CO gas through the raceway and/or shaft tuyeres are investigated under different operating conditions. H2 utilisation efficiency and corresponding injection volume are studied by considering different reduction stages. The relationship between H2 injection and coke rate is established. Injecting 7.9–10.9 m3/tHM of H2 saved 1 kg/tHM coke rate, depending on injection position. Compared with the traditional blast furnace, injecting 80 m3/tHM of H2 with a medium oxygen enrichment rate (9%) and integrating CO2 capture and conversion reduces CO2 emissions from 534 to 278 m3/tHM. However, increasing the hydrogen injection amount causes this iron-making process to consume more energy than a traditional blast furnace does.

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Liu, Yong Qi, Xiao Yan Wang, Guang Fei Zhu, Rui Xiang Liu, and Zhen Qiang Gao. "Simulation on the Combustion Property of Blast-Furnace Gas Engine by GT-POWER." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.965.

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Blast-furnace gas produced from the process of iron making effectively can be used as fuel for engines to generate electricity for most middle and small steel enterprises. The effects of different component of blast-furnace gas, compressive ratio and ignition timing on combustion property of blast-furnace gas are simulated by GT-POWER software in this paper. The results show that flame speed and combustion rate will increase with the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen increasing. There will be an optimized compression ratio value, under which the burning velocity is maximum. Within a certain scope, increasing ignition timing angle appropriately can improve property of combustion. A comparison of simulation and experiment result shows that the predictions give good results. All these results can help to optimize the parameters that affect the combustion, and provide certain reference for the further study blast-furnace gas engine.

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Bhaskar, Abhinav, Mohsen Assadi, and Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei. "Decarbonization of the Iron and Steel Industry with Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Green Hydrogen." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030758.

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Production of iron and steel releases seven percent of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Incremental changes in present primary steel production technologies would not be sufficient to meet the emission reduction targets. Replacing coke, used in the blast furnaces as a reducing agent, with hydrogen produced from water electrolysis has the potential to reduce emissions from iron and steel production substantially. Mass and energy flow model based on an open-source software (Python) has been developed in this work to explore the feasibility of using hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (HDRI) coupled with electric arc furnace (EAF) for carbon-free steel production. Modeling results show that HDRI-EAF technology could reduce specific emissions from steel production in the EU by more than 35 % , at present grid emission levels (295 kgCO2/MWh). The energy consumption for 1 ton of liquid steel (tls) production through the HDRI-EAF route was found to be 3.72 MWh, which is slightly more than the 3.48 MWh required for steel production through the blast furnace (BF) basic oxygen furnace route (BOF). Pellet making and steel finishing processes have not been considered. Sensitivity analysis revealed that electrolyzer efficiency is the most important factor affecting the system energy consumption, while the grid emission factor is strongly correlated with the overall system emissions.

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12

Chen, Yanbiao, and Haibin Zuo. "Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 48, no. 6 (April 18, 2021): 749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2021.1909992.

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13

Rogozhnikov, S. P., and I. S. Rogozhnikov. "Determination of degree of hydrogen usage in blast furnace." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 10 (September 9, 2020): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-10-1129-1134.

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14

Nogami, Hiroshi, Yoshiaki Kashiwaya, and Daisuke Yamada. "Simulation of Blast Furnace Operation with Intensive Hydrogen Injection." ISIJ International 52, no. 8 (2012): 1523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.52.1523.

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15

Suer, Julian, Marzia Traverso, and Nils Jäger. "Review of Life Cycle Assessments for Steel and Environmental Analysis of Future Steel Production Scenarios." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114131.

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The steel industry is focused on reducing its environmental impact. Using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, the impacts of the primary steel production via the blast furnace route and the scrap-based secondary steel production via the EAF route are assessed. In order to achieve environmentally friendly steel production, breakthrough technologies have to be implemented. With a shift from primary to secondary steel production, the increasing steel demand is not met due to insufficient scrap availability. In this paper, special focus is given on recycling methodologies for metals and steel. The decarbonization of the steel industry requires a shift from a coal-based metallurgy towards a hydrogen and electricity-based metallurgy. Interim scenarios like the injection of hydrogen and the use of pre-reduced iron ores in a blast furnace can already reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions up to 200 kg CO2/t hot metal. Direct reduction plants combined with electrical melting units/furnaces offer the opportunity to minimize GHG emissions. The results presented give guidance to the steel industry and policy makers on how much renewable electric energy is required for the decarbonization of the steel industry.

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Wang, Ying, Chenzhu Yin, Ye Liu, Mengjiao Tan, Kazuya Shimizu, Zhongfang Lei, Zhenya Zhang, Ikuhiro Sumi, Yasuko Yao, and Yasuhiro Mogi. "Biomethanation of blast furnace gas using anaerobic granular sludge via addition of hydrogen." RSC Advances 8, no. 46 (2018): 26399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra04853c.

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A, Vaniukov, Kovalyov D, Vaniukova N, Khodyko I, and Bezshkurenko O. "Integrated Reduction of the Self–Reducing Pellets on the Blast Furnace." 2,2020 (125) 2,2020, no. 2,2020 (125) (February 26, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.2.2020.01.

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The objective of the present work is to research a quantitate ratio of degree direct reduction inside of SRP and degree of indirect reduction outside of SRP on the top of the blast furnace.The reactions of direct and indirect reduction occurring during the heat treatment of self reducing pellets (SRP) have been studied. In this investigation Blast furnace (BF) sludge which contains particles of coke, has been included in the SRP blend as a source of solid reductant and iron bearing oxides. In the SRP as a part ot the blast furnace burden occur the reactions simultaneously: inside of SRP-direct reduction by Csolid; gasification of carbon and indirect reduction by CO; and outside of SRP-indirect reduction of iron bearing oxides by reducing gas coming from the hearth of blast furnace through the column of charged materials. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. It con-sists of a electrical heating furnace, which can be moved up and down. The quartz tube passes through the furnace. The reaction zone is in the middle of the furnace. Neutral argon atmosphere is created and for indirect reduction argon changed - on hydrogen. Gases of argon, hydrogen are introduced into the furnace separately. Wire of nickel alloy chromosome joins the scales test. A thermocouple is located in the tube.The crucible of wire chrome-nickel was permeable.Metohd. The experiments was performed continuously from the start temperature (~200 ˚C) to the experimental temperature (500 ˚C; 700 ˚C; 900 ˚C; 1100 ˚C) in argon free environment. Upon reaching the desired temperature argon was replaced by hydrogen during 30 minutes. After that the reduced probe of SRP was cooled in argon. Results. The integrated degree of reduction is equal 100%, which includes 98,6 % direct reduction by solid carbon under temperatures 1100°C. The chemical analysis of the reduced SRP showed the degree of integrated reduction change from 85,79 % (900 °C) to 92,50 % (1000 °C) and 84,6% (1100°C) and metallization 83,30 % (900 °C), 89,90 % (1000 °C), 80,75 % (1100 °C).These data correspond to results of degree of reduction SRP depends on temperature

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Li, Jing, Shibo Kuang, Lulu Jiao, Lingling Liu, Ruiping Zou, and Aibing Yu. "Numerical modeling and analysis of hydrogen blast furnace ironmaking process." Fuel 323 (September 2022): 124368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124368.

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Sundqvist Ökvist, Lena, and Maria Lundgren. "Experiences of Bio-Coal Applications in the Blast Furnace Process—Opportunities and Limitations." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080863.

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Metal production, and especially iron ore-based steel production, is characterized by high fossil CO2 emissions due of the use of coal and coke in the blast furnace. Steel companies around the world are striving to reduce the CO2 emissions in different ways, e.g., by use of hydrogen in the blast furnace or by production of iron via direct reduction. To partially replace fossil coal and coke with climate neutral bio-coal products that are adapted for use in the metal industry, e.g., at the blast furnace, is a real and important opportunity to significantly lower the climate impact in a short-term perspective. Top-charging of bio-coal directly to the blast furnace is difficult due to its low strength but can be facilitated if bio-coal is added as an ingredient in coke or to the mix when producing residue briquettes. Bio-coal can also be injected into the lower part of the blast furnace and thereby replace a substantial part of the injected pulverized coal. Based on research work within Swerim, where the authors have been involved, this paper will describe the opportunities and limitations of using bio-coal as a replacement for fossil coal as part of coke, as a constituent in residue briquettes, or as replacement of part of the injected pulverized coal. Results from several projects studying these opportunities via technical scale, as well as pilot and industrial scale experiments and modelling will be presented.

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Li, Xiang Wei, Ling Kun Chen, and Wei Wang. "Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Reduction of Sinter." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.58.

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High level coal injection increases hydrogen of the gas in the blast furnace shaft, which changes the reduction behavior of sinter. This paper investigates the effect of hydrogen addition on reduction of sinter. Experiments of the sinter reduction in different content of hydrogen had been made. The experimental results show that the reduction rate increases with the hydrogen content increase in the reducing gas.

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Adilson de Castro, Jose, Giulio Antunes de Medeiros, Elizabeth Mendes de Oliveira, Marcos Flavio de Campos, and Hiroshi Nogami. "The Mini Blast Furnace Process: An Efficient Reactor for Green Pig Iron Production Using Charcoal and Hydrogen-Rich Gas: A Study of Cases." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111501.

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The mini blast furnace process is an efficient route to produce pig iron based on the burden with granulated charcoal. New, improved technologies have recently been introduced in the mini blast furnace process, such as pulverized charcoal and gas injections, new burden materials, and peripheral devices that improve the overall process efficiency. In this paper, we revise the new injection possibilities and discuss new aspects for further developments. The analysis is carried out with a comprehensive multiphase multicomponent mathematical model using mass, momentum, and energy conservation principles coupled with the rate equations for chemical reactions, multiphase momentum, and heat exchanges. We analyze new technological possibilities for the enhancement of this process as follows: (i) a base case of pulverized charcoal injection with industrial data comparison; (ii) a set of scenarios with raceway injections, combining pulverized charcoal with hydrogen-rich fuel gas, replacing granular charcoal in the burden; (iii) a set of scenarios with hydrogen-rich gas injection at the shaft level, replacing reducing gas in the granular zone of the reactor; and the possible combination of both methodologies. The simulated scenarios showed that a considerable decrease in granular charcoal consumption in the burden materials could be replaced by combining a pulverized charcoal injection of 150 kg/tHM and increasing rich gas injections and oxygen enrichment values, decreasing the specific blast injection and granular charcoal. The productivity of the mini blast furnace process was increased for all scenarios compared with the reference case. We review the aspects of these operational conditions and present an outlook for improvements on the process efficiency.

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Xu, Zu Xin, Jian Xiu Huang, Huai Zheng Li, Wei Bing Chen, and Wei Gang Wang. "Comparison and Selection of Different Medium on the Effect of Improving Soil Deodorization." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1328.

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Based on the investigation of odor concentration of retention tank in combined system, it aim at the removal of mixed odor and pressure drop with blast furnace slag, pebble, sand as improved medium and soil as contrast through mixed odor of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide made in lab-scale. The results showed that the removal rate of H2S by different medium packed column becomes stable after 12 days, and 35 days for NH3. Pressure drop of each column meets with Equation Ergum and under the same condition the order is as follows: soil>sand>pebble>blast furnace slag. And the removal rate of each medium is: soil>sand>blast furnace slag. The soil is good for removal but its pressure drop is so high that it limits flow charge, thus its removal rate is the lowest. As a result, sand and pebble as the medium for soil deodorization considering pressure drop and the effect of deodorization were chosen. It turns out that the removal rate of NH3 is higher than 65% while H2S higher than 98%.

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Chu, Mansheng, Hiroshi Nogami, and Jun-ichiro Yagi. "Numerical Analysis on Injection of Hydrogen Bearing Materials into Blast Furnace." ISIJ International 44, no. 5 (2004): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.44.801.

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Shevelev, L. N. "Assessment of economic, energy and ecological efficiency of iron and steel production from orecoal briquettes in electric-furnace melting facility with application of hydrogen fuel." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 8 (October 21, 2021): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-8-918-924.

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According to the Russia National cadastre, emissions of carbon dioxide in the steel industry in 2019 in the sector “Industrial emissions” accounted for near 50% of the whole volume of its emissions in the whole country’s industry. A perspective way to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases is application of hydrogen in technological processes of metallurgical stuff production. A brief characteristic of basic technologies of hydrogen production presented. Concept of hydrogen technology development in steel industry of Russia stated, basic directions of metallurgical subindustries restructing related to implementation of the new fuel – “brown” hydrogen presented. Possibilities of “brown” hydrogen obtaining as a secondary energy resource of metallurgical production considered. Results of calculation of economic, energy and ecological effectiveness of cast iron, steel and “brown” hydrogen production in electric-furnace melting facilities of new type presented. It was shown that replacement of scheme “blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace”, including production of sinter and coke, by electric-furnace melting production with obtaining hot metal and steel from ore-coal briquettes and application of “brown” hydrogen and recycling of carbon dioxide enables to exclude greenhouse gases emissions. Capital investment into the hydrogen project of 1.0 million t/year capacity with restructing production capacities will account for 9.5 billion Rubles (120.0 million euro), economical effect – 5.4 billion Rubles (70.0 million euro), period of capital investments payback – 1.8 year.

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Gaballah, N. M., A. F. Zikry, M. G. Khalifa, A. B. Farag, N. A. El-Hussiny, and M. E. H. Shalabi. "Kinetic reduction of mill scale via hydrogen." Science of Sintering 46, no. 1 (2014): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1401107g.

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Mill scale is very attractive industrial waste since it is rich in iron (about = 72 % Fe) and it is suiTab. for direct recycling to the blast furnace via sintering plant. In this paper the characterizations of raw materials were studied by different methods of analyses. The produced briquettes were reduced with different amounts of hydrogen at varying temperatures, and the reduction kinetics was determined. Two models were applied and the energy of activation was calculated.

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Zuo, Haibin, Yajie Wang, and Xuebin Wang. "Damage Mechanism of Copper Staves in a 3200 m3 Blast Furnace." Metals 8, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110943.

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Copper staves have been widely applied in large blast furnaces especially those whose inner volumes exceed 2000 m3 due to high cooling capacity. In the past decade, copper staves suffered severe damages in some blast furnaces, which not only shortened their campaign lives, but also caused huge economic losses. In order to make out this phenomenon, the damage mechanism of copper staves was investigated via analyzing the chemical composition, thermal conductivity, metallographic aspects and microstructure in this paper. As a result, the working state was more likely to damage copper staves instead of their materials. At the beginning, the poor quality of the coke and the large bosh angle promoted the development of edge airflow, which intensified the erosion of refractory materials, resulting in the fall-off of slag crusts and damage of cooling water pipes. After repair, the cooling capacity of copper staves still declined, causing the temperature to rise easily; consequently, hydrogen attack happened when the temperature reached 370 °C, which degraded the performance of copper staves. Therefore, copper staves were worn too quickly to form slag crusts, which finally failed under the hydrogen attack and the scouring of the edge airflow at high temperatures.

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Okosun, Tyamo, Samuel Nielson, and Chenn Zhou. "Blast Furnace Hydrogen Injection: Investigating Impacts and Feasibility with Computational Fluid Dynamics." JOM 74, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 1521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05177-4.

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Yur'ev, Boris, Vladimir A. Gol'tsev, and Vyacheslav Dudko. "Research on Siderite Ore Reducing Firing." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.434.

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It was determined that the current method of the Bakalsk mining department siderite ore preparation for blast-furnace smelting does not allow production of concentrate meeting the state-of-the-art metallurgy requirements. The most perspective method is reducing firing when a metallized product with higher iron content is obtained. It was demonstrated that implementation of this method requires the use of a three-zone shaft furnace having the oxidizing roasting zone, the reduction zone and the reduced product cooling zone. Experiments were carried out on the siderite ore reducing firing on laboratory units. The possibility in principle was demonstrated for production of the reduced product with iron content of 60 – 65% from the siderite ore. After the magnetic dressing the concentrate with iron content of 65 – 75% was obtained. It was determined that firing and reduction in hydrogen atmosphere result in the fired product reduction degree of 97 %. The possibility to produce a product suitable for blast-furnace conversion with the reduction degree of about 60% with the use of natural gas air conversion gas was demonstrated. The obtained results were used in the process development for the siderite ore reducing firing in a three-zone shaft furnace.

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Shyshkina, O. O., and O. O. Shyshkin. "Use of waste of metallurgical and hydrogen industry in the production of binding substances." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 50 (November 11, 2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2022.50(1).43-50.

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The current state of construction science development dictates the use of high–strength binders and concrete based on them during the construction of unique buildings and structures, as well as the construction of complex constructions and their repair.Currently, two main directions in the use of mineral raw materials have been clearly defined. The first direction consists in increasing the degree of use of natural resources at existing and new enterprises. The second is in the creation of zero–waste and low–waste productions associated with technologies aimed at maximum utilization of waste. Thus, multi–tonnage waste of metallurgical enterprises – domain slag – found wide application, first of all, in the building materials industry. The effect of the interaction between sodium silicates and iron compounds and the resulting so–called slag binder, which is a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag with waste from mining and beneficiation plants (iron–containing mineral complex), closed with water, was established.These two provisions served as the basis for obtaining a new type of binder, the so–called alkaline slag slurry, which is a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag with an iron–containing mineral complex. At the same time, iron ore beneficiation waste is used as an iron–containing mineral complex. The specified mixture, when mixed with an aqueous solution of an alkaline component, in the presence of a hydrophobic surface–active substance hardens with the formation of an artificial stone, which has a compressive strength of up to 160 MPa. In a model experiment, the influence of the composition of the composite, which is a mixture of industrial production waste: granulated blast furnace slag and iron ore beneficiation waste, on the strength of the stone obtained as a result of the hardening of this composite when mixing it with an aqueous solution of an alkaline component in the presence of a hydrophobic surfactant was studied.

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Bampaou, Michael, Kyriakos Panopoulos, Panos Seferlis, Spyridon Voutetakis, Ismael Matino, Alice Petrucciani, Antonella Zaccara, et al. "Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102904.

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The steel industry is among the highest carbon-emitting industrial sectors. Since the steel production process is already exhaustively optimized, alternative routes are sought in order to increase carbon efficiency and reduce these emissions. During steel production, three main carbon-containing off-gases are generated: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and basic oxygen furnace gas. In the present work, the addition of renewable hydrogen by electrolysis to those steelworks off-gases is studied for the production of methane and methanol. Different case scenarios are investigated using AspenPlusTM flowsheet simulations, which differ on the end-product, the feedstock flowrates and on the production of power. Each case study is evaluated in terms of hydrogen and electrolysis requirements, carbon conversion, hydrogen consumption, and product yields. The findings of this study showed that the electrolysis requirements surpass the energy content of the steelwork’s feedstock. However, for the methanol synthesis cases, substantial improvements can be achieved if recycling a significant amount of the residual hydrogen.

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Kamijo, Chikashi, Yoshinori Matsukura, Hirokazu Yokoyama, Kohei Sunahara, Kazumoto Kakiuchi, Hiroshi Sakai, Kaoru Nakano, Yutaka Ujisawa, and Koki Nishioka. "Influence of Large Amount of Hydrogen Containing Gaseous Reductant Injection on Carbon Consumption and Operation Conditions of Blast Furnace - Development of Low Carbon Blast Furnace Operation Technology by using Experimental Blast Furnace: part II -." ISIJ International 62, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2022-099.

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32

Bampaou, Michael, Kyriakos Panopoulos, Panos Seferlis, Amaia Sasiain, Stephane Haag, Philipp Wolf-Zoellner, Markus Lehner, et al. "Economic Evaluation of Renewable Hydrogen Integration into Steelworks for the Production of Methanol and Methane." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 4650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134650.

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This work investigates the cost-efficient integration of renewable hydrogen into steelworks for the production of methane and methanol as an efficient way to decarbonize the steel industry. Three case studies that utilize a mixture of steelworks off-gases (blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and basic oxygen furnace gas), which differ on the amount of used off-gases as well as on the end product (methane and/or methanol), are analyzed and evaluated in terms of their economic performance. The most influential cost factors are identified and sensitivity analyses are conducted for different operating and economic parameters. Renewable hydrogen produced by PEM electrolysis is the most expensive component in this scheme and responsible for over 80% of the total costs. Progress in the hydrogen economy (lower electrolyzer capital costs, improved electrolyzer efficiency, and lower electricity prices) is necessary to establish this technology in the future.

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33

Toktarova, Alla, Ida Karlsson, Johan Rootzén, Lisa Göransson, Mikael Odenberger, and Filip Johnsson. "Pathways for Low-Carbon Transition of the Steel Industry—A Swedish Case Study." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 3840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153840.

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The concept of techno-economic pathways is used to investigate the potential implementation of CO2 abatement measures over time towards zero-emission steelmaking in Sweden. The following mitigation measures are investigated and combined in three pathways: top gas recycling blast furnace (TGRBF); carbon capture and storage (CCS); substitution of pulverized coal injection (PCI) with biomass; hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DR); and electric arc furnace (EAF), where fossil fuels are replaced with biomass. The results show that CCS in combination with biomass substitution in the blast furnace and a replacement primary steel production plant with EAF with biomass (Pathway 1) yield CO2 emission reductions of 83% in 2045 compared to CO2 emissions with current steel process configurations. Electrification of the primary steel production in terms of H-DR/EAF process (Pathway 2), could result in almost fossil-free steel production, and Sweden could achieve a 10% reduction in total CO2 emissions. Finally, (Pathway 3) we show that increased production of hot briquetted iron pellets (HBI), could lead to decarbonization of the steel industry outside Sweden, assuming that the exported HBI will be converted via EAF and the receiving country has a decarbonized power sector.

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Xie, Mengyao, Anthony Kwan Leung, and Charles Wang Wai Ng. "Mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide removal by ground granulated blast furnace slag amended soil." Chemosphere 175 (May 2017): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.016.

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Ng, Charles Wang Wai, Mengyao Xie, and Anthony Kwan Leung. "Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide Using Soil Amended with Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag." Journal of Environmental Engineering 143, no. 7 (July 2017): 04017016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001206.

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36

Mróz, Jan, Anna Konstanciak, Marek Warzecha, Marcin Więcek, and Artur M. Hutny. "Research on Reduction of Selected Iron-Bearing Waste Materials." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081914.

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During the steel production process, nearly twice as many input materials are used as compared to finished products. This creates a large amount of post-production waste, including slag, dust, and sludge. New iron production technologies enable the reuse and recycling of metallurgical waste. This paper presents an investigation on the reduction of selected iron-bearing waste materials in a laboratory rotary furnace. Iron-bearing waste materials in the form of dust, scale, and sludge were obtained from several Polish metallurgical plants as research material. A chemical analysis made it possible to select samples with sufficiently high iron content for testing. The assumed iron content limit in waste materials was 40 wt.% Fe. A sieve analysis of the samples used in the subsequent stages of the research was also performed. The tests carried out with the use of a CO as a reducer, at a temperature of 1000 °C, allowed to obtain high levels of metallization of the samples for scale 91.6%, dust 66.9%, and sludge 97.3%. These results indicate that in the case of sludge and scale, the degree of metallization meets the requirements for charge materials used in both blast furnace (BF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking processes, while in the case of reduced dust, this material can be used as enriched charge in the blast furnace process. Reduction studies were also carried out using a gas mixture of CO and H2 (50 vol.% CO + 50 vol.% H2). The introduction of hydrogen as a reducing agent in reduction processes meets the urgent need of reducing CO2 emissions. The obtained results confirm the great importance and influence of the selection of the right amount of reducer on the achievement of a high degree of metallization and that these materials can be a valuable source of metallic charge for blast furnace and steelmaking processes. At an earlier stage of the established research program, experiments of the iron oxides reduction from iron-bearing waste materials in a stationary layer in a Tammann furnace were also conducted.

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37

Pei, Martin, Markus Petäjäniemi, Andreas Regnell, and Olle Wijk. "Toward a Fossil Free Future with HYBRIT: Development of Iron and Steelmaking Technology in Sweden and Finland." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070972.

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The Swedish and Finnish steel industry has a world-leading position in terms of efficient blast furnace operations with low CO2 emissions. This is a result of a successful development work carried out in the 1980s at LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag, mining company) and SSAB (steel company) followed by the closing of sinter plants and transition to 100% pellet operation at all of SSAB’s five blast furnaces. However, to further reduce CO2 emission in iron production, a new breakthrough technology is necessary. In 2016, SSAB teamed up with LKAB and Vattenfall AB (energy company) and launched a project aimed at investigating the feasibility of a hydrogen-based sponge iron production process with fossil-free electricity as the primary energy source: HYBRIT (Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology). A prefeasibility study was carried out in 2017, which concluded that the proposed process route is technically feasible and economically attractive for conditions in northern Sweden/Finland. A decision was made in February 2018 to build a pilot plant, and construction started in June 2018, with completion of the plant planned in summer 2020 followed by experimental campaigns the following years. Parallel with the pilot plant activities, a four-year research program was launched from the autumn of 2016 involving several research institutes and universities in Sweden to build knowledge and competence in several subject areas.

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El-Hussiny, N. A., and M. E. H. Shalabi. "Effect of recycling blast furnace flue dust as pellets on the sintering performance." Science of Sintering 42, no. 3 (2010): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1003269e.

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The Egyptian Iron and Steel Company generates a great amount of blast furnace flue dust. The recovery of metals and carbon from this flue dust becomes a very important demand due to the increase of the price of coke breeze and the decrease of the primary source of metals. At the same time, it make the environment more safe by decreasing pollution. Introducing these dust fines in the sintering process proves to be very harmful for different operating parameters. Thus, this study aims at investigating the production of pellets resulting from these fines, using molasses as organic binder and its application in sintering of iron ore. The sintering experiments were performed using flue dust as pellets as a substitute of coke breeze. The results revealed that, sintering properties such as inter strength increases with using the flue dust pellets, while productivity of both the sinter machine and sinter machine at blast furnace yard decreases. Also the vertical velocity of the sinter machine and the weight loss during the reduction of produced the sinter by hydrogen decrease.

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39

Tianhong, Duan, Wang Zuotang, Zhou Limin, and Li Dongdong. "Gas Production Strategy of Underground Coal Gasification Based on Multiple Gas Sources." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/154197.

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To lower stability requirement of gas production in UCG (underground coal gasification), create better space and opportunities of development for UCG, an emerging sunrise industry, in its initial stage, and reduce the emission of blast furnace gas, converter gas, and coke oven gas, this paper, for the first time, puts forward a new mode of utilization of multiple gas sources mainly including ground gasifier gas, UCG gas, blast furnace gas, converter gas, and coke oven gas and the new mode was demonstrated by field tests. According to the field tests, the existing power generation technology can fully adapt to situation of high hydrogen, low calorific value, and gas output fluctuation in the gas production in UCG in multiple-gas-sources power generation; there are large fluctuations and air can serve as a gasifying agent; the gas production of UCG in the mode of both power and methanol based on multiple gas sources has a strict requirement for stability. It was demonstrated by the field tests that the fluctuations in gas production in UCG can be well monitored through a quality control chart method.

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40

Inayoshi, Atsushi, and Shoji Hayashi. "Influence of Hydrogen on Reaction Behavior of Sinter Under a Blast Furnace Simulated Condition." Tetsu-to-Hagane 96, no. 10 (2010): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.586.

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41

Mizoguchi, Hiroyuki, and Shoji Hayashi. "Influence of Hydrogen on Reaction Behavior of Sinter under Blast Furnace Simulated Condition—II." Tetsu-to-Hagane 97, no. 12 (2011): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.97.597.

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42

Pang, Yunji, Donling Yu, Yisheng Chen, Guang Jin, and Shengqiang Shen. "Hydrogen production from steam gasification of corn straw catalyzed by blast furnace gas ash." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 35 (July 2020): 17191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.235.

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43

İSKENDEROĞLU, Feride Cansu, and Kaan BALTACIOĞLU. "Comparison of pure-hydrogen production performances of blast furnace slag, and metal powders in sodium borohydride hydrolysis reaction." European Mechanical Science 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.1056917.

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In this study, hydrolysis reaction performances of raw BFS powder and metal powders (which are ingredients of BFS) that are using as a catalyst are compared. Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis reaction of the Al and Fe2O3 Nano & Granule powders with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) addition in water was studied by using different catalysts amount at reaction vessels. The measured values of reaction temperatures and hydrogen flow rates were measured by using high-precision equipment. As a result of the obtained data, it was determined that Fe2O3 and Al catalysts have advantages over hydrogen production rate and fuel conversion, also, these experiments show a very high success in different parameters, and create promising effects in the reactions. Among the Al catalyst samples, the highest efficiency performances are achieved with Al Nano catalyst samples at 85.31 °C preheat with an instantaneous hydrogen generation rate of approximately 11.226 L / min for 33 minutes. Among the Fe2O3 catalyst samples, the highest efficiency performances are achieved with Fe2O3 Nano catalyst samples at 50 °C preheat with an instantaneous hydrogen generation rate of approximately 29.91 L / min for 12 minutes.

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Shatokha, Volodymyr. "Modeling of the effect of hydrogen injection on blast furnace operation and carbon dioxide emissions." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 29, no. 10 (August 22, 2022): 1851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2474-8.

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Zhang, Cuiliu, Listopadov Vladislav, Runsheng Xu, Grachev Sergey, Kexin Jiao, Jianliang Zhang, Tao Li, Ternovykh Aleksei, Chuan Wang, and Guangwei Wang. "Blast furnace hydrogen-rich metallurgy-research on efficiency injection of natural gas and pulverized coal." Fuel 311 (March 2022): 122412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122412.

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46

Zeng, Danlin, Shenglan Liu, Qi Zhang, Guanghui Wang, Yang Chen, and Yongsheng Tian. "Degradation of phenol from aqueous solution using waste blast furnace flue dust and hydrogen peroxide." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 21 (April 16, 2015): 9933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1033471.

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47

Lyu, Qing, Yana Qie, Xiaojie Liu, Chenchen Lan, Jianpeng Li, and Song Liu. "Effect of hydrogen addition on reduction behavior of iron oxides in gas-injection blast furnace." Thermochimica Acta 648 (February 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.12.009.

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48

Zhang, Yao Jun, Li Zhang, Le Kang, Meng Yang Yang, and Ke Zhang. "A new CaWO4/alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious composite for production of hydrogen." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 6 (February 2017): 3690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.173.

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49

Yilmaz, Can, Jens Wendelstorf, and Thomas Turek. "Modeling and simulation of hydrogen injection into a blast furnace to reduce carbon dioxide emissions." Journal of Cleaner Production 154 (June 2017): 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.162.

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Yao, Xin, Qingbo Yu, Guowei Xu, Huaqing Xie, and Qin Qin. "Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Tar Model Compound with Blast Furnace Slag." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 237 (March 19, 2019): 042029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/237/4/042029.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrogen blast furnace'

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