Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrogen based organization

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrogen based organization'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrogen based organization"

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Insuasty, Alberto, Carmen Atienza, Juan Luis López, and Nazario Martín. "Supramolecular pentapeptide-based fullerene nanofibers: effect of molecular chirality." Chemical Communications 51, no. 52 (2015): 10506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01991e.

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The supramolecular organization of new fullerene derivatives endowed with peptides as biomolecular templates affords ordered nanofibers of several micrometres length based on hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions.
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Kosonen, Harri, Janne Ruokolainen, Matti Knaapila, Mika Torkkeli, Kaija Jokela, Ritva Serimaa, Gerrit ten Brinke, Wim Bras, Andrew P. Monkman, and Olli Ikkala. "Nanoscale Conducting Cylinders Based on Self-Organization of Hydrogen-Bonded Polyaniline Supramolecules." Macromolecules 33, no. 23 (November 2000): 8671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0010783.

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Luo, Dan, Boyang Zhou, Zhenxing Li, Xiaoyun Qin, Yangyang Wen, Dongdong Shi, Qiong Lu, Meiyan Yang, Hongjun Zhou, and Yan Liu. "Biomimetic organization of a ruthenium-doped collagen-based carbon scaffold for hydrogen evolution." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 5 (2018): 2311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09493k.

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Tsiourvas, Dimitris, Constantinos M. Paleos, Jane Anastassopoulou, and Theophile Theophanides. "Vibrational Spectroscopy of Certain Polymaleic- and Polyacrylic-Based Mesomorphic Polymers." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 9 (September 1995): 1311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965272.

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The FT-IR/ATR technique has been employed in the investigation of the forces leading to the organization of a number of polymeric materials exhibiting thermotropic liquid crystalline character. Two types of compounds have been studied, i.e., one bearing the carboxylic polar group near the main chain and the other at the end of the side chain. Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic groups was found to lead to the formation of “facing” and “sideways” structures. Enhanced stability of these supramolecular structures was obtained by the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the amide groups, resulting in the formation of smectic phases. Furthermore, it has been found that the strengthening of hydrogen bonding between carboxylic groups is associated with a weakening of hydrogen bonds between the amide groups.
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Sabury, Sina, Tyler J. Adams, Margaret Kocherga, S. Michael Kilbey, and Michael G. Walter. "Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of benzodithiophene-based conjugated polymers with hydrogen bonding nucleobase side chain functionality." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 36 (2020): 5735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00972e.

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Nucleobase functionalities in conjugated, alternating copolymers participate in interbase hydrogen bonding, which promotes molecular assembly and organization in thin films and enhances optical and electronic properties.
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Shi, Dong, Wen-Ying Chang, Xiang-Kui Ren, Shuang Yang, and Er-Qiang Chen. "Structures and properties of side-chain liquid crystalline polynorbornenes containing an amide group: hydrogen bonding interactions and spacer length effects." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 29 (2020): 4749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00586j.

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Side-chain liquid crystalline polynorbornenes based on benzanilide mesogens exhibit rich self-organization behaviours and enhanced mechanical properties owing to the lateral hydrogen bond interaction that can be tuned by the spacer length.
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Toleukhanov, А., М. Panfilov, and А. Kаltayev. "Analytical and Numerical Study of the Impact of Methanogenic Bacteria on Gas Composition in Underground Hydrogen Storages." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj250.

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Unlike natural gas, hydrogen gas mixtures stored in underground reservoirs undergo active chemical transformations under the influence of methanogenic microorganisms inhabiting in porous reservoirs. They lead to reduction of hydrogen and carbon dioxide concentrations and increase methane concentration. This chemical activity coupled with bacterial dynamics and gas/water flow through porous medium causes the phenomenon of self-organization such as the occurrence of autowave spatial structures, whose dynamics is characterized by a multiplicity of scenarios and bifurcations between them. In this paper we continue to develop the qualitative theory of self-organization in underground hydrogen storage, for more complicated cases that include the mechanism of chemotaxis, which is one of the main types of bacterial movement, and takes into account the flow of both phases. The analysis of scenarios is based on the model of two-phase compositional flow coupled with population dynamics.
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Victoria Martínez-Díaz, M., and Giovanni Bottari. "Supramolecular organization of phthalocyanines: from solution to surface." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 13, no. 04n05 (April 2009): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424609000747.

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Phthalocyanines are an interesting class of aromatic macrocycles which possess exciting electrical, redox and photophysical properties that make them ideal building blocks for applications in different technological fields. However, the incorporation of phthalocyanines into devices is often tied to the possibility of organizing these macrocycles into arrays using supramolecular interactions. To date, several supramolecular motifs such as hydrogen-bonding, donor-acceptor or metal-ligand interactions have been used to promote the phthalocyanines' organization in solution. Furthermore, such weak, non-covalent interactions have also been widely employed to foster the organization of these macrocycles in condensed phases such as liquid-crystals or thin films. This micro-review provides a brief overview of the contribution made by some research groups in Spain towards the preparation of organized phthalocyanine-based supramolecular systems.
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Marchi, M. Claudia, Carlos A. Figueroa, and Fernando Alvarez. "Functionalization of Ordered Iron-Based Nanoparticles Deposited on Mesoporous Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.045.

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Mesoporous films obtained by dip-coating, combining polycondensation of silicate species and organization of amphiphilic mesophases, were decorated with iron-based nanoparticles from iron aqueous solution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDS) analysis show that the nanoparticles have diameters between 5 to 10 nm and they are deposited in an ordered sequence exclusively on top of the mesoporous structure. Afterward, by irradiating the material with a hydrogen ion beam, the iron-based compound is functionalized, i.e., its physical-chemical properties are modified. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the iron oxides and hydroxides are reduced to metallic iron. The deposition of organized iron-based nanoparticles and further ion beam functionalization might open perspectives on the study and fabrication of complex new materials.
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Mezentsev-Cherkes, Ivan A., Tatiana A. Shestimerova, Aleksei V. Medved'ko, Mikhail A. Kalinin, Alexey N. Kuznetsov, Zheng Wei, Evgeny V. Dikarev, Sergey Z. Vatsadze, and Andrei V. Shevelkov. "Synthesis and supramolecular organization of the iodide and triiodides of a polycyclic adamantane-based diammonium cation: the effects of hydrogen bonds and weak I⋯I interactions." CrystEngComm 23, no. 12 (2021): 2384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01730b.

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Adamantane-like divalent building blocks and iodide or polyiodide anions combine into supramolecular architectures with the help of various noncovalent forces ranging from strong hydrogen bonds to secondary and weak I⋯I interactions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrogen based organization"

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Nova, Mahmudur Rahman, and Ismail Hsabo Maaz Ahmed. "Diffusion of Innovation in the Hydrogen Industry : The Applications of Ultrapure Water Technologies into Green Hydrogen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447690.

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For long now, the world has been depending on the fossil-fuels; mainly oil. But a lot of businesses are moving towards a sustainable future while considering higher growth. Green hydrogen: a solution for the sustainable future has been taking over now. Being the best alternative of fossil-fuels, green hydrogen has a long way to go when it comes to production and usage. Due to many challenges, this solution has not been completely adopted yet. The case company has an innovation that can support the green hydrogen, so we will use DOI, multi-level perspective and cluster theory to identify the variables that will interrelate with the diffusion rate, which will help us to understand the diffusion process in B2B business. For our thesis research, we have followed a case study approach with the intent to highlight those opportunities and what are the challenges that are hindering the green hydrogen growth. We wanted to seek into how the Diffusion of Innovation theory can be implemented into the hydrogen industry. With the assistance of a company Scarab, who has developed an innovation called Ultrapure water which has the potential to accelerate the growth of green hydrogen adoption; we wanted to look further into the case on how such innovation can contribute for a better green future . We conducted a semi-structured interview with multiple interview guides which was used for our research with the involvement of people from ultrapure water industry and hydrogen industry. Finally, we identified the strengths and weaknesses of UPW innovation, the drivers and hinders of green hydrogen, and how all these factors will interrelate to the diffusion rate of UPW innovation into green hydrogen.
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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrogen based organization"

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Petryshyn, Igor, and Olexandr Bas. "NATURAL GAS HEAT COMBUSTION DETERMINATION ON MEASURING SYSTEMS WITH DUPLICATE GAS UNITS." In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-2-8.

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The paper focuses on the need to determine the natural gas heat combustion in order to transition to gas metering in units of energy. The technical organization of gas transportation in the main and distribution pipelines on the territory of Ukraine is shown. A detailed analysis of regulatory and legal support, which regulates the definition and accounting of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of natural gas at gas metering units. The draft Rules for determining the natural gas volume are considered in detail. Specified variants of determining the weighted average value of combustion heat in the case of complex gas supply systems with the use of flow measuring means of gas combustion heat. The necessity and urgency of determining the natural gas heat combustion on measuring systems, which are equipped with duplicate metering units without the installation flow means measuring the heat combustion. Emphasis is placed on the fact that a large number of measuring systems are built on the method of variable pressure drop with the use of standard orifice devices. It is pointed out that this method, according to its physical principle, measures the mass gas flow rate. It is also stipulated that ultrasonic gas meters are often used to complete duplicate metering units. The advantages of ultrasonic meters are given. Attention is drawn to the availability of technical metrological support in Ukraine on the basis calibration prover, which includes two secondary standards gas volume and volume flow rate units. Methods and technical means for determining the natural gas heat combustion are analyzed. The calculation of the gas heat combustion and the Wobbe number based on the density values is shown. It is noted that the value of the gas mass flow rate is related to the value of the gas volume flow rate precisely the value of density. The nonlinear dependence of the gas mass heat combustion for the density, which is associated with a disproportionate change in the percentage of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms, is shown. The structural scheme of the measuring system with the duplicating metering unit for gas density definition and gas heat combustion calculation is developed. The density calculation and natural gas heat combustion depending on the molar fraction of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the gas from the minimum to the maximum value is carried out. The linear dependence of the change in the gas heat combustion for the molar fraction of nitrogen is established, on the basis of which the method of controlling the gas heat combustion for measuring systems with a duplicate metering unit is proposed. It is shown that the developed procedure for determining the natural gas heat combustion based on the value of density, which is obtained from the calculation of gas mass flow rate and gas volume flow rate consumption on measuring systems with duplicate metering units exactly satisfies class B and C according to DSTU OIML R 140.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrogen based organization"

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Bannister, Ronald L., David J. Huber, Richard A. Newby, and John A. Paffenbarger. "Hydrogen-Fueled Combustion Turbine Cycles." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-247.

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As part of its World Energy Network (WE-NET) Program, the Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is funding a Westinghouse-led team to develop conceptual designs of hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine power plants capable of greater than 60% high heating value (HHV) thermal efficiency. The conceptual design task is taking place in the second year of the 28-year program, which has the goal of developing a hydrogen-based renewable energy economy. Due to the requirement that the power plant must be environmentally benign, special closed cycles are being investigated which will meet the requirements of the program while allowing for pilot plant testing in the near future. This paper investigates a variety of possible cycle configurations and working fluids and describes the selection methodology used to identify the best candidate. Optimization of the selected cycle is then described, which results in the basis for the conceptual design.
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Jaseliūnaitė, Justina, and Mantas Povilaitis. "Simulation of ENACCEF2 Premixed Hydrogen-Air Mixture Deflagration Experiment Using OpenFOAM." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16241.

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Abstract During a severe accident in a nuclear power plant, hydrogen would be generated due to the oxidation of metallic components in steam atmosphere. In the containment hydrogen would form a combustible mixture, posing a deflagration or even detonation risk threatening the integrity of the containment. In order to estimate possible loads generated by the hydrogen combustion, reliable numerical tools are needed to simulate the deflagration process. Recently, the French MITHYGENE project consortium and the European Technical Safety Organization Network (ETSON) organized a benchmark on hydrogen combustion to identify the current level of the computational tools in the area of hydrogen combustion simulation under a severe accident typical conditions. The benchmark was based on the experiments performed in the ENACCEF2 facility. This paper presents post-benchmark simulations of the selected ENACCEF2 facility premixed hydrogen combustion experiment. The presented simulations were performed using a custom-built turbulent combustion OpenFOAM solver based on the progress variable model. Turbulent flame acceleration phase in the acceleration tube was well predicted. Furthermore, the simulations were able to capture the interaction between the flame and shock wave which was generated by the turbulent deflagration flame and reflected at the end of the ENACCEF2 tube. The overall numerical results show good agreement with the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the velocity results and flame front propagation.
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Bannister, Ronald L., Richard A. Newby, and Wen-Ching Yang. "Development of a Hydrogen-Fueled Combustion Turbine Cycle for Power Generation." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-014.

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Consideration of a hydrogen based economy is attractive because it allows energy to be transported and stored at high densities and then transformed into useful work in pollution-free turbine or fuel cell conversion systems. Through its New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) the Japanese government is sponsoring the World Energy Network (WE-NET) Program. The program is a 28-year global effort to define and implement technologies needed for a hydrogen-based energy system. A critical part of this effort is the development of a hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine system to efficiently convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen to electricity when the hydrogen is combusted with pure oxygen. The full-scale demonstration will be a greenfield power plant located sea-side. Hydrogen will be delivered to the site as a cryogenic liquid, and its cryogenic energy will be used to power an air liquefaction unit to produce pure oxygen. To meet the NEDO plant thermal cycle requirement of a minimum of 70.9%, low heating value (LHV), a variety of possible cycle configurations and working fluids have been investigated. This paper reports on the selection of the best cycle (a Rankine cycle), and the two levels of technology needed to support a near-term plant and a long-term plant. The combustion of pure hydrogen with pure hydrogen with pure oxygen results only in steam, thereby allowing for a direct-fired Rankine steam cycle. A near-term plant would require only moderate development to support the design of an advanced high pressure steam turbine and an advanced intermediate pressure steam turbine.
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Bannister, Ronald L., Richard A. Newby, and Wen-Ching Yang. "Final Report on the Development of a Hydrogen-Fueled Combustion Turbine Cycle for Power Generation." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-021.

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Through its New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) the Japanese government is sponsoring the World Energy Network (WE-NET) Program. WE-NET is a 28-year global effort to define and implement technologies needed for hydrogen-based energy systems. A critical part of this effort is the development of a hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine system to efficiently convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen to electricity when hydrogen is combusted with pure oxygen. A Rankine cycle, with reheat and recuperation, was selected by Westinghouse as the general Reference System. Variations of this cycle have been examined to identify a Reference System having maximum development feasibility, while meeting the requirement of a minimum of 70.9% low heating value (LHV) efficiency. The strategy applied by Westinghouse was to assess both a near-term and long-term Reference Plant. The near-term plant requires moderate development based on extrapolation of current steam and combustion turbine technology. In contrast, the long-term plant requires more extensive development for an additional high-pressure reheat turbine, and is more complex than the near-term plant with closed-loop steam cooling and extractive feedwater heating. Trade-offs between efficiency benefits and development challenges of the near-term and long-term reference plant are identified. Results of this study can be applied to guide the future development activities of hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine systems.
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Jafarzadeh, Sepideh, and Ingrid Schjølberg. "Emission Reduction in Shipping Using Hydrogen and Fuel Cells." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61401.

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Despite various technical and operational improvements, shipping remains a contributor to global emissions of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, and sulphur oxides, among others. As a part of its efforts to limit adverse health and environmental impacts of shipping, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has enforced regulations to control these emissions. In addition, some countries, such as Norway have imposed additional regulations to control emissions further. Environmental regulations and concerns call for an improved environmental profile within shipping, which motivates this study. Alternative fuels and power systems are required for a substantial reduction in emissions from shipping. Hydrogen and fuel cells are among the most promising solutions from an environmental perspective. A fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device, which produces electricity through the reaction of an oxidant with hydrogen or another hydrogen-rich fuel, such as a hydrocarbon fuel. Since the electricity production does not entail fuel combustion, emissions are reduced substantially. When hydrogen gas is used as the fuel, only water is formed as the byproduct. In addition to emitting ultralow or zero emissions, fuel cells offer high energy conversion efficiency, low noise level, and low vibration. The Norwegian energy system is based on electricity from renewable energy sources and mainly hydropower. Renewable energy output is strongly affected by the weather conditions, among other factors, and the supplies fluctuate accordingly. There is a need for a means to store and use the renewable energy surplus. In addition, from a technical point of view Norway still has potential to further develop hydro and wind power. Excess power can be used for production of hydrogen through water electrolysis, which in turn can fuel different means of transportation, such as shipping. This paper aims at contributing to the research body on the use of hydrogen and fuel cells in shipping. First, a short introduction to hydrogen fuel and fuel cells is given. Then, an elaboration on pros and cons of powering vessels with fuel cells is presented. After providing an overview of current marine applications of fuel cells, the paper discusses potential vessels, which can benefit from this technology. Finally, the environmental benefits of using fuel cells are shown through a preliminary case study. Data from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in the Norwegian waters is used for estimating operational profile of a vessel, its current emissions, and potential emission reduction by using hydrogen and fuel cells. The results of this study show the potential of hydrogen and fuel cells in reducing emissions of shipping and set forth the research gaps.
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Benson, C. M., J. M. Ingram, P. N. Battersby, D. Mba, V. Sethi, and A. M. Rolt. "An Analysis of Civil Aviation Industry Safety Needs for the Introduction of Liquid Hydrogen Propulsion Technology." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90453.

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Abstract Over the next few decades air travel is predicted to grow, with international agencies, manufacturers and governments predicting a considerable increase in aviation use. However, based on current fuel type, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) project emissions from aviation are estimated to be seven to ten times higher in 2050 than in 1990. These conflicting needs are problematic and have led to the EU Flightpath 2050 targeting dramatic emissions reductions for the sector (75% CO2, 90% NOX by 2050). One proposed solution, decreasing carbon emissions without stunting the increase in air travel, is hydrogen propulsion; a technology with clear environmental benefits. However, enabling the safe application of this fuel to aviation systems and industrial infrastructure would be a significant challenge. High-profile catastrophic incidents involving hydrogen, and the flammable and cryogenic nature of liquid hydrogen (LH2) have led to its reputation as a more dangerous substance than existing or alternative fuels. But, where they are used (in industry, transport, energy), with sufficient protocols, hydrogen can have a similar level of safety to other fuels. A knowledge of hazards, risks and the management of these becomes key to the integration of any new technology. Using assessments, and a gap analysis approach, this paper examines the civil aviation industry requirements, from a safety perspective, for the introduction of LH2 fuel use. Specific proposed technology assessments are used to analyze incident likelihood, consequence impact, and ease of remediation for hazards in LH2 systems, and a gap analysis approach is utilized to identify if existing data is sufficient for reliable technology safety assessment. Outstanding industry needs are exposed by both examining challenges that have been identified in transport and industrial areas, and by identifying the gaps in current knowledge that are preventing credible assessment, reliable comparison to other fuels and the development of engineering systems. This paper demonstrates that while hydrogen can be a safe and environmentally friendly fuel option, a significant amount of work is required for the implementation of LH2 technology from a mass market perspective.
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Xiao, Yu, Jinliang Yuan, and Bengt Sunde´n. "On Modeling Development of Microscopic Spatial Structure for the Catalyst Layer in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54882.

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The typical catalyst layers (CLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are fabricated as random heterogeneous composites to meet the multifunctional requirements of transport phenomena and electrochemical activity. The employment of Pt nano-particles, carbonaceous substrates and Nafion ionomers in CLs allows effective diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen, transport and phase change of water, migration and diffusion of protons, migration of electrons to and from the catalytic sites, which is accompanied by the oxidation of hydrogen in anodes and the generation of water and heat in cathodes. Based on the coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics method, a systematic technique is developed to provide insight into the self-organization phenomena and the microscopic spatial structure of the CLs. The formation of a CL is simulated by considering the interactions of the Pt clusters, carbon slabs, Nafion ionomers, hydronium ions and water. Meanwhile, the morphologies of Pt clusters are presented and compared with three cases. Moreover, the pair correlation functions (PCFs) are employed to predict the distributions and hydrophilic properties of the components. Finally, the TPB features are shown at the nano-scale level, which provides deeper view to understand the Pt utilization in the CLs.
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Bur, Michael J. "Engine Testing of Advanced Materials for Hypersonic Applications." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82818.

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This paper describes the use of a ground based gaseous hydrogen/oxygen rocket engine to test advanced materials for rocket engine and hypersonic propulsion applications. The types of materials that have been tested include ceramic composites, metallic alloys and ceramic and metallic foams. There are various configurations in which these materials can be tested. A “square” engine is used for testing flat rectangular panels by placing the panel downstream of the rocket nozzle in the exhaust path. A more traditional “round” rocket engine is used to test axisymmetric engine components such as nozzle inserts and combustion chambers that are fabricated from either ceramic composites or metal alloys. Besides hydrogen, other engine fuels such as methane are being evaluated in order to expose test materials to a hydrocarbon environment. Various organizations from industry, academia and other government agencies have used this test cell to facilitate the development of advanced materials for use in both rocket engine and hypersonic propulsion applications.
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Jacquemoud, C., and I. Delvallée-Nunio. "Mechanical Behaviour of a Forged Ferritic Steel Shell Containing Numerous Hydrogen Flakes." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84087.

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Following the flaw indications found in summer 2012 in two Belgian Reactors Pressure Vessels (RPV), WENRA recommended [1] the nuclear safety authorities in Europe to verify the material quality and integrity of the RPV in a 2-step approach: 1) a comprehensive review of the manufacturing and inspection records of the forgings of the RPV, 2) an additional UT examination of the base material of the vessels if needed. In this context, and to consolidate scientific basis on this issue, IRSN, the French technical safety organization, conducted, with CEA support, a test program aiming at studying the consequences of hydrogen flakes in large forgings of primary equipment (RPV, steam generator, pressurizer). Framatome provided the material to be investigated, namely two blocks of a steam generator vessel shell in 18MND5 steel: a block without flake — the reference block — and a block including a high density of hydrogen flakes. This shell — so called VB395 — was rejected because of an incident which occurred during the degassing heat treatment. Fracture toughness has been evaluated from 85 tests in the ductile range and the ductile-to-brittle transition range of the material. The test results on usual 0.5T-CT specimens were compared to those on specimens containing a hydrogen flake replacing the fatigue precrack. The latter were interpreted using 3D elastic-plastic X-FEM simulations allowing the modelling of the irregular flake geometry. Furthermore, large scale bending specimens with multiple flakes have been tested at −100°C. These tests were interpreted thanks to 3D X-FEM simulations allowing the analysis of the hydrogen flake interaction in terms of KJ.
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Pronske, Keith, Larry Trowsdale, Scott Macadam, Fermin Viteri, Frank Bevc, and Dennis Horazak. "An Overview of Turbine and Combustor Development for Coal-Based Oxy-Syngas Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90816.

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Coal combustion technology is required that is capable of: (1) co-producing electricity and hydrogen from coal while; (2) achieving high efficiency, low capital cost, low operating cost, and near-zero atmospheric emissions; and (3) producing a sequestration-ready carbon dioxide stream. Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) and Siemens Power Generation, Inc., are developing this technology that would lead to a 300 to 600 MW, design for a zero emissions coal syngas plant, targeted for the year 2015, CES and Siemens received awards on September 30, 2005 from the U.S. Department of Energy’s; Office of Fossil Energy Turbine Technology R&D Program. These awards are designed to advance turbines and turbine subsystems for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. Studies have shown [1–4] that replacing air with nearly pure oxygen and steam in a turbine’s combustion chamber is a promising approach to designing coal based power plants with high efficiency and near-zero emissions. Siemens will combine current steam and gas turbine technologies to design an optimized turbine that uses oxygen with coal derived hydrogen fuels in the combustion process under a DOE Turbine Development Project [5]. CES will develop and demonstrate a new combustor technology powered by coal syngas and oxygen under a DOE Combustor Development Project [6]. The proposed programs build upon twelve years of prior technical work and government-sponsored research to develop and demonstrate zero-emission fossil fuel power generation. The planned system studies build upon previous work conducted by private, public, and foreign organizations, including CES [7–9], DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) [10–12], Air Liquide (AL) [1,13], Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [2], Fern Engineering, Inc. [14], and Japanese investigators [15, 16]. Other pertinent data related to coal gasification, advanced air separation unit (ASU), plant integration and plant systems optimization, etc., can be found in references [17–23].
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