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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrogelator'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Li, Jiayang, Yi Kuang, Junfeng Shi, Yuan Gao, Jie Zhou, and Bing Xu. "The conjugation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to small peptides for generating multifunctional supramolecular nanofibers/hydrogels." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (May 10, 2013): 908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.104.

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Here we report supramolecular hydrogelators made of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and small peptides. The covalent linkage of Phe–Phe and NSAIDs results in conjugates that self-assemble in water to form molecular nanofibers as the matrices of hydrogels. When the NSAID is naproxen (1), the resultant hydrogelator 1a forms a hydrogel at a critical concentration (cgc) of 0.2 wt % at pH 7.0. Hydrogelator 1a, also acting as a general motif, enables enzymatic hydrogelation in which the precursor turns into a hydrogelator upon hydrolysis catalyzed by a phosphatase at physiological conditions. The conjugates of Phe–Phe with other NSAIDs, such as (R)-flurbiprofen (2), racemic flurbiprofen (3), and racemic ibuprofen (4), are able to form molecular hydrogels, except in the case of aspirin (5). After the conjugation with the small peptides, NSAIDs exhibit improved selectivity to their targets. In addition, the peptides made of D-amino acids help preserve the activities of NSAIDs. Besides demonstrating that common NSAIDs are excellent candidates to promote aromatic–aromatic interaction in water to form hydrogels, this work contributes to the development of functional molecules that have dual or multiple roles and ultimately may lead to new molecular hydrogels of therapeutic agents for topical use.

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2

Shi, Junfeng, Yuan Gao, Zhimou Yang, and Bing Xu. "Exceptionally small supramolecular hydrogelators based on aromatic–aromatic interactions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (February 7, 2011): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.23.

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We report herein the use of an aromatic–aromatic interaction to produce small molecule hydrogelators that self-assemble in water and form molecular nanofibers in the resulting hydrogels. Among these hydrogelators, a hydrogelator (6) made from a phenylalanine and a cinnamoyl group represents the lowest molecular weight (MW = 295.33 g/mol) peptide-based hydrogelator prepared to date. The supramolecular hydrogels were characterized by transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the results obtained by both techniques correlate well with their rheological properties. Notably, compound 6 can undergo cis/trans-isomerization upon UV irradiation.

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3

Ohsedo, Yutaka, Kowichiro Saruhashi, Hisayuki Watanabe, and Nobuyoshi MIyamoto. "Synthesis of an electronically conductive hydrogel from a hydrogelator and a conducting polymer." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 18 (2017): 9602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02412f.

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A polymer hydrogelator mixed with a water-soluble electronically conductive polymer exhibits thixotropy due to the hydrogelator although each component at low concentrations does not exhibit this behaviour.

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4

Yang, Chengbiao, Zhongyan Wang, Caiwen Ou, Minsheng Chen, Ling Wang, and Zhimou Yang. "A supramolecular hydrogelator of curcumin." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 66 (2014): 9413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03139c.

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5

Poolman, Jos M., Chandan Maity, Job Boekhoven, Lars van der Mee, Vincent A. A. le Sage, G. J. Mirjam Groenewold, Sander I. van Kasteren, Frank Versluis, Jan H. van Esch, and Rienk Eelkema. "A toolbox for controlling the properties and functionalisation of hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 5 (2016): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb01870f.

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6

Gavara, Raquel, João Carlos Lima, and Laura Rodríguez. "Effect of solvent polarity on the spectroscopic properties of an alkynyl gold(i) gelator. The particular case of water." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 15, no. 5 (2016): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6pp00057f.

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7

Ohsedo, Yutaka, Masashi Oono, Kowichiro Saruhashi, Hisayuki Watanabe, and Nobuyoshi Miyamoto. "A new composite thixotropic hydrogel composed of a low-molecular-weight hydrogelator and a nanosheet." RSC Adv. 4, no. 84 (2014): 44837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08542f.

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8

Mei, Bin, and Gao-lin Liang. "Paclitaxel Hydrogelator Delays Microtubule Aggregation." Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 30, no. 2 (April 27, 2017): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1609179.

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9

van Herpt, Jochem T., Marc C. A. Stuart, Wesley R. Browne, and Ben L. Feringa. "A Dithienylethene-Based Rewritable Hydrogelator." Chemistry - A European Journal 20, no. 11 (February 13, 2014): 3077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201304064.

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10

Guo, Jiaqi, Hongjian He, Beom Jin Kim, Jiaqing Wang, Meihui Yi, Cheng Lin, and Bing Xu. "The ratio of hydrogelator to precursor controls the enzymatic hydrogelation of a branched peptide." Soft Matter 16, no. 44 (2020): 10101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00867b.

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Here, we report an apparently counterintuitive observation, in which a lower volume fraction of a branched peptide forms a stronger hydrogel after an enterokinase (ENTK) cleaves off the branch from the peptide.

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11

Barker, Emily C., Ching Yong Goh, Franca Jones, Mauro Mocerino, Brian W. Skelton, Thomas Becker, and Mark I. Ogden. "Investigating hydrogel formation using in situ variable-temperature scanning probe microscopy." Chemical Science 6, no. 11 (2015): 6133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02196k.

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12

Singh, Nishant, Maria P. Conte, R. V. Ulijn, Juan F. Miravet, and Beatriu Escuder. "Insight into the esterase like activity demonstrated by an imidazole appended self-assembling hydrogelator." Chemical Communications 51, no. 67 (2015): 13213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04281j.

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13

Falcone, Natashya, Tsuimy Shao, Xiaoyi Sun, and Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz. "Systematic exploration of the pH dependence of a peptide hydrogel." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0419.

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Stimuli-responsive peptide gels are a growing class of functional biomaterials that are involved in many applications in research. Here, we present a novel di-peptide hydrogel from the compound Boc–Phe–Trp–OH in various buffer and pH conditions. We examine the effects of different stimuli, including temperature and pH, on the mechanical strength of the gels through frequency rheology studies. We found that this hydrogelator is highly pH dependent, only forming a gel in a narrow range of pH 6–7. This hydrogelator hold promise for the development of new stimuli-responsive biomaterials for specific applications that require this type of specific stimuli.

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14

Moreira, Rute, Peter J. Jervis, André Carvalho, Paula M. T. Ferreira, José A. Martins, Patrícia Valentão, Paula B. Andrade, and David M. Pereira. "Biological Evaluation of Naproxen–Dehydrodipeptide Conjugates with Self-Hydrogelation Capacity as Dual LOX/COX Inhibitors." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020122.

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The use of peptide–drug conjugates is emerging as a powerful strategy for targeted drug delivery. Previously, we have found that peptides conjugated to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), more specifically naproxen–dehydrodipeptide conjugates, readily form nanostructured fibrilar supramolecular hydrogels. These hydrogels were revealed as efficacious nano-carriers for drug delivery applications. Moreover, the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) rendered the hydrogels responsive to external magnetic fields, undergoing gel-to-solution phase transition upon remote magnetic excitation. Thus, magnetic dehydrodipeptide-based hydrogels may find interesting applications as responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents and for magnetic hyperthermia-triggered drug-release applications. Supramolecular hydrogels where the hydrogelator molecule is endowed with intrinsic pharmacological properties can potentially fulfill a dual function in drug delivery systems as (passive) nanocariers for incorporated drugs and as active drugs themselves. In this present study, we investigated the pharmacological activities of a panel of naproxen–dehydrodipeptide conjugates, previously studied for their hydrogelation ability and as nanocarriers for drug-delivery applications. A focused library of dehydrodipeptides, containing N-terminal canonical amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp, Ala, Asp, Lys, Met) N-capped with naproxen and linked to a C-terminal dehydroaminoacid (ΔPhe, ΔAbu), were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, as well as for their cytotoxicity to non-cancer cells, using a variety of enzymatic and cellular assays. All compounds except one were able to significantly inhibit lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme at a similar level to naproxen. One of the compounds 4 was able to inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to a greater extent than naproxen, without inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and therefore is a potential lead in the search for selective COX-2 inhibitors. This hydrogelator is a potential candidate for dual COX/LOX inhibition as an optimised strategy for treating inflammatory conditions.

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15

Yang, Li, Fang Wang, Dang-i. Y. Auphedeous, and Chuanliang Feng. "Achiral isomers controlled circularly polarized luminescence in supramolecular hydrogels." Nanoscale 11, no. 30 (2019): 14210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05033g.

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16

Chen, Yaoxia, Xinjing Li, Jing Bai, Fang Shi, Tengyan Xu, Qingqiu Gong, and Zhimou Yang. "A supramolecular hydrogel for spatial-temporal release of auxin to promote plant root growth." Chemical Communications 54, no. 83 (2018): 11721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05999c.

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17

Kiran, Sonia, Zijuan Hai, Zhanling Ding, Lin Wang, Yaling Liu, Huafeng Zhang, and Gaolin Liang. "Alkaline phosphatase-triggered assembly of etoposide enhances its anticancer effect." Chemical Communications 54, no. 15 (2018): 1853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09365a.

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18

Gupta, Siddhi, Manish Singh, Amarendar Reddy M., Prabhu S. Yavvari, Aasheesh Srivastava, and Avinash Bajaj. "Interactions governing the entrapment of anticancer drugs by low-molecular-weight hydrogelator for drug delivery applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 24 (2016): 19751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25847b.

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19

Talloj, Satish Kumar, Mohiuddin Mohammed, and Hsin-Chieh Lin. "Construction of self-assembled nanostructure-based tetraphenylethylene dipeptides: supramolecular nanobelts as biomimetic hydrogels for cell adhesion and proliferation." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 33 (2020): 7483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb01147a.

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20

Kuang, Yi, Yuan Gao, Junfeng Shi, Jie Li, and Bing Xu. "The first supramolecular peptidic hydrogelator containing taurine." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 21 (2014): 2772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc48832b.

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The conjugation of taurine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid, with a dipeptide derivative affords a cell compatible, small molecular hydrogelator that self-assembles in water to exhibit rich phase behaviors.

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21

Chowdhuri, Sumit, Moumita Ghosh, Lihi Adler-Abramovich, and Debapratim Das. "The Effects of a Short Self-Assembling Peptide on the Physical and Biological Properties of Biopolymer Hydrogels." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101602.

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Hydrogel scaffolds have attracted much interest in the last few years for applications in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering. These scaffolds serve as a convenient three-dimensional structure on which cells can grow while sensing the native environment. Natural polymer-based hydrogels are an interesting choice for such purposes, but they lack the required mechanical properties. In contrast, composite hydrogels formed by biopolymers and short peptide hydrogelators possess mechanical characteristics suitable for osteogenesis. Here, we describe how combining the short peptide hydrogelator, Pyrene-Lysine-Cysteine (PyKC), with other biopolymers, can produce materials that are suitable for tissue engineering purposes. The presence of PyKC considerably enhances the strength and water content of the composite hydrogels, and confers thixotropic behavior. The hyaluronic acid-PyKC composite hydrogels were shown to be biocompatible, with the ability to support osteogenesis, since MC3 T3-E1 osteoblast progenitor cells grown on the materials displayed matrix calcification and osteogenic differentiation. The osteogenesis results and the injectability of these composite hydrogels hold promise for their future utilization in tissue engineering.

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22

Li, Ying, Yang Sun, Meng Qin, Yi Cao, and Wei Wang. "Mechanics of single peptide hydrogelator fibrils." Nanoscale 7, no. 13 (2015): 5638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr07657e.

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23

Aschmann, Dennis, Steffen Riebe, Thorben Neumann, Dennis Killa, Jan-Erik Ostwaldt, Christoph Wölper, Carsten Schmuck, and Jens Voskuhl. "A stimuli responsive two component supramolecular hydrogelator with aggregation-induced emission properties." Soft Matter 15, no. 36 (2019): 7117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01513b.

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A dual pH-responsive two component hydrogelator with aggregation-induced emission properties is described. The orchestration of supramolecular guadiniumcarbonylpyrrole dimerisation and the recognition of carboxylic acid is reason for the gelation.

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24

Chen, Renyuan, Caidie Xu, Yihao Lei, Hongxin Liu, Yabin Zhu, Jianfeng Zhang, and Long Xu. "Facile construction of a family of supramolecular gels with good levofloxacin hydrochloride loading capacity." RSC Advances 11, no. 21 (2021): 12641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00809a.

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A family of low molecular weight gelators with different alkyl chain lengths was constructed, having excellent gelation ability and antibiotic loading capacity. A low molecular weight hydrogelator was obtained by adjusting the length of alkyl chain.

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25

Vilaça, Helena, Tarsila Castro, Fernando M. G. Costa, Manuel Melle-Franco, Loic Hilliou, Ian W. Hamley, Elisabete M. S. Castanheira, José A. Martins, and Paula M. T. Ferreira. "Self-assembled RGD dehydropeptide hydrogels for drug delivery applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 43 (2017): 8607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb01883e.

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Combining a minimalist naproxen N-capped dehydrodipeptide hydrogelator block with a peptide bioepitope, illustrated in this work by the Npx-l-Ala-Z-ΔPhe-G-R-G-D-G-OH construct, is an efficient approach to produce functional hydrogels.

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26

Kumar, D. Krishna, D. Amilan Jose, Parthasarathi Dastidar, and Amitava Das. "Nonpolymeric Hydrogelator Derived fromN-(4-Pyridyl)isonicotinamide." Langmuir 20, no. 24 (November 2004): 10413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la049097j.

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27

Bibian, Mathieu, Jeroen Mangelschots, James Gardiner, Lynne Waddington, Maria M. Diaz Acevedo, Bruno G. De Geest, Bruno Van Mele, Annemieke Madder, Richard Hoogenboom, and Steven Ballet. "Rational design of a hexapeptide hydrogelator for controlled-release drug delivery." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 5 (2015): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01294a.

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The amphiphilic peptide sequence H-Phe-Glu-Phe-Gln-Phe-Lys-OH (MBG-1) is developed as a novel hydrogelator for controlled-drug release, which is the smallest tunable ionic self-complementary hydrogelating peptide reported to date making it attractive for larger scale preparation.

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28

Bietsch, Jonathan, Logan Baker, Anna Duffney, Alice Mao, Mary Foutz, Cheandri Ackermann, and Guijun Wang. "Para-Methoxybenzylidene Acetal-Protected D-Glucosamine Derivatives as pH-Responsive Gelators and Their Applications for Drug Delivery." Gels 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2023): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060445.

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Carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are compounds with the capability to self-assemble into complex molecular networks within a solvent, leading to solvent immobilization. This process of gel formation depends on noncovalent interactions, including Van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. Due to their potential applications in environmental remediation, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, these molecules have emerged as an important area of research. In particular, various 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal-protected D-glucosamine derivatives have shown promising gelation abilities. In this study, a series of C-2-carbamate derivatives containing a para-methoxy benzylidene acetal functional group were synthesized and characterized. These compounds exhibited good gelation properties in several organic solvents and aqueous mixtures. Upon removal of the acetal functional group under acidic conditions, a number of deprotected free sugar derivatives were also synthesized. Analysis of these free sugar derivatives revealed two compounds were hydrogelators while their precursors did not form hydrogels. For those protected carbamates that are hydrogelators, removal of the 4,6-protection will result in a more water-soluble compound that produces a transition from gel to solution. Given the ability of these compounds to form gels from solution or solution from gels in situ in response to acidic environments, these compounds may have practical applications as stimuli-responsive gelators in an aqueous medium. In turn, one hydrogelator was studied for the encapsulation and release of naproxen and chloroquine. The hydrogel exhibited sustained drug release over a period of several days, with the release of chloroquine being faster at lower pH due to the acid lability of the gelator molecule. The synthesis, characterization, gelation properties, and studies on drug diffusion are discussed.

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29

Kulkarni, Ketav, Sepideh Motamed, Nathan Habila, Patrick Perlmutter, John S. Forsythe, Marie-Isabel Aguilar, and Mark P. Del Borgo. "Orthogonal strategy for the synthesis of dual-functionalised β3-peptide based hydrogels." Chemical Communications 52, no. 34 (2016): 5844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc00624h.

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We describe a new class of hydrogelator based on helical β³-peptide foldamers carrying a bioactive payload. The β³-peptides self-assemble to form a nanofibrous mesh resulting in a stable hydrogel. Co-incubation with different β³-peptide monomers allowed tuning of cell adherence.

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30

Fayter, Alice E. R., Matthew I. Gibson, and Emily R. Draper. "Sub-zero temperature mechanically stable low molecular weight hydrogels." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 44 (2018): 7274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb01668b.

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We show here a low molecular weight hydrogelator based on a functionalised dipeptide which is stable down to temperatures of −12 °C despite being made from >99% water. With the addition of glycerol this can be lowered further to −40 °C. At these colder temperatures there is no effect on the mechanical properties of the gels.

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31

Houton, Kelly A., Kyle L. Morris, Lin Chen, Marc Schmidtmann, James T. A. Jones, Louise C. Serpell, Gareth O. Lloyd, and Dave J. Adams. "On Crystal versus Fiber Formation in Dipeptide Hydrogelator Systems." Langmuir 28, no. 25 (June 13, 2012): 9797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la301371q.

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32

Becker, Thomas, Ching Yong Goh, Franca Jones, Matthew J. McIldowie, Mauro Mocerino, and Mark I. Ogden. "Proline-functionalised calix[4]arene: an anion-triggered hydrogelator." Chemical Communications, no. 33 (2008): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b807248e.

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33

Yang, Haikuan, Pei Qi, and Hong Zhao. "A novel hydrogelator based on dimeric-dehydrocholic acid derivative." Colloid and Polymer Science 296, no. 6 (April 26, 2018): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-018-4324-9.

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34

Ohsedo, Yutaka, and Wakana Ueno. "Creation of Polymer Hydrogelator/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Molecular Hydrogel Materials." Gels 9, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9090679.

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Polymer hydrogels, including molecular hydrogels, are expected to become materials for healthcare and medical applications, but there is a need to create new functional molecular gels that can meet the required performance. In this paper, for creating new molecular hydrogel materials, the gel formation behavior and its rheological properties for the molecular gels composed of a polymer hydrogelator, poly(3-sodium sulfo-p-phenylene-terephthalamide) polymer (NaPPDT), and water-soluble polymer with the polar group, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in various concentrations were examined. Molecular hydrogel composites formed from simple mixtures of NaPPDT aqueous solutions (0.1 wt.%~1.0 wt.%) and PVA aqueous solutions exhibited thixotropic behavior in the relatively low concentration region (0.1 wt.%~1.0 wt.%) and spinnable gel formation in the dense concentration region (4.0 wt.%~8.0 wt.%) with 1.0 wt.% NaPPDT aq., showing a characteristic concentration dependence of mechanical behavior. In contrast, each single-component aqueous solution showed no such gel formation in the concentration range in the present experiments. No gel formation behavior was also observed when mixed with common anionic polymers other than NaPPDT. This improvement in gel-forming ability due to mixing may be due to the increased density of the gel’s network structure composed of hydrogelator and PVA and rigidity owing to NaPPDT.

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35

Rodon Fores, Jennifer, Miryam Criado-Gonzalez, Marc Schmutz, Christian Blanck, Pierre Schaaf, Fouzia Boulmedais, and Loïc Jierry. "Protein-induced low molecular weight hydrogelator self-assembly through a self-sustaining process." Chemical Science 10, no. 18 (2019): 4761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00312f.

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36

Sharma, Pooja, and Guijun Wang. "4,6-O-Phenylethylidene Acetal Protected D-Glucosamine Carbamate-Based Gelators and Their Applications for Multi-Component Gels." Gels 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8030191.

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The self-assembly of carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators has led to useful advanced soft materials. The interactions of the gelators with various cations and anions are important in creating novel molecular architectures and expanding the scope of the small molecular gelators. In this study, a series of thirteen new C-2 carbamates of the 4,6-O-phenylethylidene acetal-protected D-glucosamine derivatives has been synthesized and characterized. These compounds are rationally designed from a common sugar template. All carbamates synthesized were found to be efficient gelators and three compounds are also hydrogelators. The resulting gels were characterized using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and rheology. The gelation mechanisms were further elucidated using 1H NMR spectroscopy at different temperatures. The isopropyl carbamate hydrogelator 7 formed hydrogels at 0.2 wt% and also formed gels with several tetra alkyl ammonium salts, and showed effectiveness in the creation of gel electrolytes. The formation of metallogels using earth-abundant metal ions such as copper, nickel, iron, zinc, as well as silver and lead salts was evaluated for a few gelators. Using chemiluminescence spectroscopy, the metal–organic xerogels showed enzyme-like properties and enhanced luminescence for luminol. In addition, we also studied the applications of several gels for drug immobilizations and the gels showed sustained release of naproxen from the gel matrices. This robust sugar carbamate-derived gelator system can be used as the scaffold for the design of other functional materials with various types of applications.

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37

Yang, Xiaowei, Libo Niu, Zhanghui Xia, Xilong Yan, and Guoyi Bai. "Preparation of Ni/mSiO2 with the existence of hydrogelator: Insight into hydrogelator self-assembly on metal dispersion and catalytic performance in quinoline hydrogenation." Molecular Catalysis 493 (September 2020): 111094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111094.

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38

Ohsedo, Yutaka, and Mayumi Sasaki. "Polymeric Hydrogelator-Based Molecular Gels Containing Polyaniline/Phosphoric Acid Systems." Gels 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8080469.

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To expand the range of applications of hydrogels, researchers are interested in developing novel molecular hydrogel materials that have affinities for the living body and the ability to mediate electrical signals. In this study, a simple mixing method for creating a novel composite molecular gel is employed, which combines a hydrophilic conductive polymer, a polyaniline/phosphoric acid complex, and a polymer hydrogelator as a matrix. The composite hydrogel showed an improved gel-forming ability; more effective mechanical properties, with an increased strain value at the sol–gel transition point compared to the single system, which may be sufficient for paintable gel; and a better electrochemical response, due to the electrically conducting polyaniline component. These findings demonstrate the applicability of the new composite hydrogels to new potential paintable electrode materials.

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39

Foster, Jamie S., Justyna M. Żurek, Nuno M. S. Almeida, Wouter E. Hendriksen, Vincent A. A. le Sage, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Amber L. Thompson, et al. "Gelation Landscape Engineering Using a Multi-Reaction Supramolecular Hydrogelator System." Journal of the American Chemical Society 137, no. 45 (November 10, 2015): 14236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06988.

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40

Köhler, Karen, Annette Meister, Günter Förster, Bodo Dobner, Simon Drescher, Friederike Ziethe, Walter Richter, et al. "Conformational and thermal behavior of a pH-sensitive bolaform hydrogelator." Soft Matter 2, no. 1 (2006): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b514163j.

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41

Song, Fei, Li-Ming Zhang, Nan-Nan Li, and Jun-Feng Shi. "In Situ Crosslinkable Hydrogel Formed from a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogelator." Biomacromolecules 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2009): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm801500w.

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42

Bieser, Arno M., and Joerg C. Tiller. "Structure and Properties of an Exceptional Low Molecular Weight Hydrogelator." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 46 (November 2007): 13180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp074953w.

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43

Sako, Yuuki, and Yutaka Takaguchi. "A photo-responsive hydrogelator having gluconamides at its peripheral branches." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 6, no. 20 (2008): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b810900a.

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44

Ohsedo, Yutaka, Masashi Oono, Kowichiro Saruhashi, and Hisayuki Watanabe. "A new water-soluble aromatic polyamide hydrogelator with thixotropic properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 101 (2015): 82772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16824d.

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The water-soluble aromatic polyamide poly(3-sodium sulfo-p-phenylene terephthalamide) forms a hydrogel with anisotropy, which exhibits good thixotropic behaviour, even at the critical gel concentration of the gelator (1.0 wt%).

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Ohsedo, Yutaka, Masashi Oono, Kowichiro Saruhashi, Hisayuki Watanabe, and Nobuyoshi Miyamoto. "New composite thixotropic hydrogel composed of a polymer hydrogelator and a nanosheet." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (December 2017): 171117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171117.

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A composite gel composed of a water-soluble aromatic polyamide hydrogelator and the nanosheet Laponite®, a synthetic layered silicate, was produced and found to exhibit thixotropic behaviour. Whereas the composite gel contains the gelator at the same concentration as the molecular gel made by the gelator only, the composite gel becomes a softer thixotropic gel compared to the molecular gel made by the gelator only. The reason for this could be that bundles of polymer gelator may be loosened and the density of the polymer network increased in the presence of Laponite.

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Phan, Thi Ha My, Ching-Chia Huang, Yi-Jen Tsai, Jin-Jia Hu, and Jeng-Shiung Jan. "Polypeptide Composition and Topology Affect Hydrogelation of Star-Shaped Poly(L-lysine)-Based Amphiphilic Copolypeptides." Gels 7, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030131.

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In this research, we studied the effect of polypeptide composition and topology on the hydrogelation of star-shaped block copolypeptides based on hydrophilic, coil poly(L-lysine)20 (s-PLL20) tethered with a hydrophobic, sheet-like polypeptide segment, which is poly(L-phenylalanine) (PPhe), poly(L-leucine) (PLeu), poly(L-valine) (PVal) or poly(L-alanine) (PAla) with a degree of polymerization (DP) about 5. We found that the PPhe, PLeu, and PVal segments are good hydrogelators to promote hydrogelation. The hydrogelation and hydrogel mechanical properties depend on the arm number and hydrophobic polypeptide segment, which are dictated by the amphiphilic balance between polypeptide blocks and the hydrophobic interactions/hydrogen bonding exerted by the hydrophobic polypeptide segment. The star-shaped topology could facilitate their hydrogelation due to the branching chains serving as multiple interacting depots between hydrophobic polypeptide segments. The 6-armed diblock copolypeptides have better hydrogelation ability than 3-armed ones and s-PLL-b-PPhe exhibits better hydrogelation ability than s-PLL-b-PVal and s-PLL-b-PLeu due to the additional cation–π and π–π interactions. This study highlights that polypeptide composition and topology could be additional parameters to manipulate polypeptide hydrogelation.

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Kumar, D. Krishna, D. Amilan Jose, Amitava Das, and Parthasarathi Dastidar. "First snapshot of a nonpolymeric hydrogelator interacting with its gelling solvents." Chemical Communications, no. 32 (2005): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b506941f.

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Ji, Wei, Guofeng Liu, Fang Wang, Zhu Zhu, and Chuanliang Feng. "Galactose-decorated light-responsive hydrogelator precursors for selectively killing cancer cells." Chemical Communications 52, no. 85 (2016): 12574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05707a.

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Joshi, Sachin A., and Neelima D. Kulkarni. "A new trinuclear Cu(ii) complex of inositol as a hydrogelator." Chemical Communications, no. 17 (2009): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b821283j.

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Draper, Emily R., Bart Dietrich, and Dave J. Adams. "Self-assembly, self-sorting, and electronic properties of a diketopyrrolopyrrole hydrogelator." Chemical Communications 53, no. 11 (2017): 1864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc10083j.

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