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Шевченко, Валентина Владимировна, Алла Викторовна Дон, and Татьяна Геннадиевна Кононова. "Проблемы современной электроэнергетики, пути ее развития и оценка источников электроэнергии." Thesis, Accent Graphics Communications & Publishing, Canada, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46945.
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Cornejo, Gómez César Alberto. "Methodology for the development of hydroelectric power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107592.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-75).
Hydropower has sufficient resources available and is actively promoted by Governments as part of their energy matrix, but its development is constrained by the difficulty of addressing location particularities, including technical features such as geology or hydrology, and institutional features such as social acceptance, environmental constraints and the regulatory framework. Project results emerge from the interactions of these Inherent Features and the Project Architecture and do not always meet stakeholders' expectations, leading to deficient project results and lost value. This thesis proposes a methodology for prototyping projects to reflect these particularities and inform project shaping and decision-making early in the process. The proposed methodology was built on three systems engineering and project complexity frameworks, and lessons learned from four case studies. Its contribution to hydropower development is related to (i) the incorporation of systems evolution over time on the development process, (ii) the identification and management of relationships among the various decomposed elements of the development, (iii) the identification of emergent properties from the interactions among all features, (iv) a prototype for developers to optimize or search for project architectures that meet stakeholders objectives while complying with restrictions, (v) the delivery of unbiased information for decision-makers, (vi) the opportunity of stakeholders to participate in the project shaping in a continuous fashion, and (vii) the delivery of a tool for the implementation team to evaluate and challenge changes to the project during construction. The usage of this methodology does not guarantee the avoidance of errors or unforeseen project outcomes, but it does reduce the chance for unknown risks emerging from the interactions of the evaluated features.
by César Alberto Cornejo Gómez.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Rule, James Arthur. "A strategy for modeling hydroelectric plants and improving their performance." Diss., This resource online, 1988. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135937/.
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Gencoglu, Cihangir. "Assessment Of The Effect Of Hydroelectric Power Plants'." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612165/index.pdf.
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The Turkish TSO (TEIAS) has been leading a project that aims the synchronous interconnected operation of the Turkish Power System and the ENTSO-E CESA (former UCTE) System. For this purpose, this study concentrates on the specific problems related to the electromechanical systems of large size hydroelectric power plants regarding low frequency inter area oscillations, which are prone to occur once the interconnected operation is established. The expected frequency of inter area oscillations after interconnected operation is close to 0.15 Hz, which is in the frequency range of the speed governing structures of turbines, as explained in the first two sections of the thesis. In the third section, the nonlinear turbine governor model used throughout the study is explained. In the following part, the governor parameter tuning study with regard to the defined performance objectives is explained. Afterwards, the effect of the retuned governor settings of the sample hydroelectric power plants on a simple multi machine power system is shown. Following that, the system wide effect of removing the sources of negative damping, which are strongly dependent on the governor settings of the major hydroelectric power plants of the Turkish Power System, is shown. In the final part, conclusions are made on the operation of the hydroelectric power plants regarding the frequency stability of the system after synchronous interconnected operation of the Turkish Power System and the ENTSO-E CESA System.
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Do, Tung Van. "Optimal operation of a hydroelectric reservoir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26694.
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This thesis examines the influence of different degrees of serial correlation in the streamflow records on optimal operation of a hydroelectric reservoir. This thesis also investigates the practical aspects of choosing different decision variables, considering effects on ease of implementation, total benefit, and actual use for real-time operations.
Stochastic dynamic programming was used to optimize the long-term operation of a hydroelectric project with a single reservoir. Reservoir inflows were analyzed using monthly flow record for 58 years with the assumption that monthly inflows are either perfectly correlated, uncorrelated, or partially correlated. Reservoir level change and powerhouse discharge were considered as alternative decision variables for each of the three cases of inflow serial correlation. The optimization results were then examined and compared to determine the significance of the choice of decision variables and to explore the effects of inflow serial correlation on practical operating decisions which might be based on the results of the optimization.
It was found that (1) Case 2 in which inflows were assumed perfectly correlated and Case 3 with partially correlated inflows produce, respectively, highest and lowest total expected return, (2) the difference in total expected return between cases depends largely upon the physical characteristics of the system, (3) the reservoir level change decision case produces more conservative results than the discharge decision case, (4) the results from the reservoir level change decision are easier to use for realtime operation than those from the discharge decision case, (5) different results will be produced with different choice of decision variables.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Quiroga, Oscar Daniel. "Modelling and nonlinear control of voltage frequency of hydroelectric power plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5934.
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Las centrales hidroeléctricas, como sistemas reales, tienen un comportamiento no lineal. Con el objetivo de diseñar controladores para turbinas, fue una práctica normal en el pasado considerar o simplificar estos comportamientos no lineales linealizando en un punto de operación las ecuaciones diferenciales que representan la dinámica de la central hidroeléctrica. La principal motivación de esta tesis nace como consecuencia y la necesidad de mejorar y optimizar las respuestas dinámicas de las plantas hidroeléctricas, considerando estos comportamientos no lineales, conduciendo a modelos dinámicos más realistas del sistema de la turbina hidráulica, además, desarrollar y diseñar controladores más eficientes. Esta tesis considera en general el caso de sistemas de operación aislados, este es el caso de una central hidroeléctrica alimentando una carga aislada. En esta tesis se cubren dos objetivos principales: 1) Profundizar el Conocimiento de los Modelos de Sistemas Hidroeléctricos, 2) Diseñar Controladores a Partir de Modelos Probados.
Profundizar el Conocimiento de los Modelos de Sistemas Hidroeléctricos
Este objetivo consiste en desarrollar un análisis comparativo de diferentes modelos de centrales hidroeléctricas aplicados al control de la velocidad de giro de la turbina, y proponer nuevos modelos. Con este propósito se utilizan parámetros tomados de diferentes centrales hidroeléctricas referenciadas en la bibliografía. Además, se propone la identificación de la central hidroeléctrica de Susqueda (Río Ter, Girona) usando estos modelos previamente refinados. Un paso previo muy importante para el diseño de un controlador es obtener un modelo dinámico de un sistema hidráulico confiable.
Diseñar Controladores a Partir de Modelos Probados
El segundo objetivo es el desarrollo y diseño de controladores de la frecuencia (velocidad de giro) para centrales hidroeléctricas usando técnicas de control no lineal basadas en técnicas de la geometría diferencial y de la función de Lyapunov. En ambos casos los controladores son diseñados a partir de modelos de sistemas hidráulicos no lineales. Los resultados demuestran que usando dos funciones de coste, los controladores no lineales mejoran el comportamiento dado por los clásicos controladores PID entre un veinte y un doce por ciento, y con respecto a un controlador Gain Scheduling la mejora es entre un quince y un doce por ciento.
Hydroelectric power plants, like real systems, have nonlinear behaviour. In order to design turbine controllers, it was normal practice in the past to consider or simplify these nonlinear behaviours by linearizing at an operating point the differential equations that represent the dynamics of the hydroelectric plant. The main motivation of this dissertation was born as a consequence and necessity of improving and optimising the dynamic responses of hydroelectric plants, by taking into account these nonlinear behaviours, leading to more realistic dynamic models of the hydraulic turbine system and to the development and design of more efficient controllers. This dissertation considers in general the case of isolated system operations; it is therefore the case of a hydroelectric power plant supplying an isolated load.
Two objectives are covered in this dissertation: 1) To Deepen the Knowledge of Hydroelectric System Models, 2) To Design Controllers from Well Proven Models.
To Deepen the Knowledge of Hydroelectric System Models
This objective consists of performing a detailed comparative analysis of different existent hydroelectric models applied to speed control and propose new ones. For this purpose real parameters taken from many hydroelectric power plants referenced in the bibliography are utilised.
Moreover, the identification of a hydroelectric power plant on the Ter River (Susqueda) is proposed by using these previously refined models. To obtain a reliable dynamic model of hydraulic turbine systems is an important step prior to the controller design.
To Design Controllers from Well Proven Models
The second objective is the development and design of frequency (speed) controllers for hydroelectric power plants by using nonlinear control techniques based on differential geometry and on the Lyapunov function. For both cases the controllers are designed from nonlinear dynamic models of hydraulic turbine systems. The results demonstrate that using two cost functions the nonlinear controllers improve the behaviour given by classical PID controllers between a twenty and a twelve per cent, and with respect a Gain Scheduling controller the improvement is between a fifteen and a twelve per cent.
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Alford, John Matthew. "The Power Politics of Hells Canyon." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278138/.
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This study examines the controversy regarding Hells Canyon on the Snake River, North America's deepest gorge. Throughout the 1950s, federal and private electric power proponents wrangled over who would harness the canyon's potential for generating hydroelectricity. After a decade of debate, the privately-owned Idaho Power Company won the right to build three small dams in the canyon versus one large public power structure. The thesis concludes that private development of Hells Canyon led to incomplete resource development. Further, support of private development led to extensive Republican electoral losses in the Pacific Northwest during the 1950s.
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Heffron, Ronald E. "The development and deployment of a submersible ROV for the underwater inspection of hydroelectric station tunnels." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020029/.
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Wells, Philippa Katherine. "Uncovering "regimes of truth" locating and defining discourses associated with hydro-electric development in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the Doctor of Philosophy, 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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King, Robert Donald 1954. "FEASIBILITY STUDIES FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECTS (HYDROELECTRIC, PLANNING, RECONNAISSANCE, WATER RESOURCES)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292069.
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Campeau, Benjamin R. "Hydroelectric power optimization using a decomposition procedure for the indefinite quadratic form /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040836/.
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Croll, Geoffrey Edward George. "The economic and policy aspects of small hydro development in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29596.
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Small hydropower offers many advantages as a source of energy and it has been successfully developed by the private sector in the U.S. and in Ontario. Although there is considerable interest in developing British Columbia's vast small hydro resource, there has been very little progress to date. The reasons for this are related more to economic and political factors than to technical issues. In this thesis I review the situation in B.C. and propose a policy framework for energy purchase price, one of the main issues involved in small hydro development. The price offered small hydro producers for their electricity is clearly less than B.C. Hydro's avoided cost, but there is little evidence to support the amount offered. I suggest that, in the absence of an established, competitve market, energy purchase rates should be based on the utility's avoided costs, and that avoided costs be determined by amortizing the capital costs of the next scheduled project over a 20 year period, rather than basing them on the average levelized costs of all future projects. Furthermore, small hydro development should take a two-stage approach, similar to Ontario's, whereby energy is initially purchased at the utility's full avoided cost and later, when the small hydro industry has had a chance to develop, energy would be purchased at market value or through a competitive bidding process.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Payne, Jill Rowan. "Land-use and landscape : hydroelectricity and landscape protection in the Highlands of Scotland, 1919-1980 /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/562.
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Kim, Young-Oh. "The value of monthly and seasonal forecasts in Bayesian stochastic dynamic programming /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10142.
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Campeau, Benjamin R. Jr. "Hydroelectric power optimization using a decomposition procedure for the indefinite quadratic form." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44609.
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The optimization of hydroelectric power is one area of water resources
management where the implementation of supply management techniques could yield enormous social welfare benefits. A broad spectrum of computer modeling and analysis techniques have been applied to the hydroelectric power production model in an attempt to improve the real-time operation of reservoir systems. The nonconvex, nonseparable hydropower objective function poses a formidable task in devising a global optimization scheme. A decomposition procedure for the indefinite quadratic form is used to develop an algorithm that will find a near global optimum of a nonlinear hydroelectric power optimization model. The decomposition scheme, due to Pardalos et aI., splits the indefinite quadratic form into separable concave and convex parts. A Taylor series approximation is applied to the concave part, which, along with the separated convex part, is a convex underestimating problem (minimization) that can be solved efficiently. The decomposition technique is applied to two models of reservoir systems within the Upper Green River Basin and the models are solved using the GAMS/MINOS computer code. A comparison of the results obtained from successive linear programming, a fixed head linearization strategy, and direct nonlinear optimization of the nonconvex objective, with the results of the decomposition procedure, indicates the new algorithm has advantages over these techniques.Master of Science
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Williams, Arthur A. "Pumps as turbines used with induction generators for stand-alone micro-hydroelectric power plants." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262127.
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Liebman, Adam D. "Opposing hydropower development on China's Nu River a disconnect between urban activists and local residents /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1935311811&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Binus, Joshua D. "Bonneville Power Administration and the Creation of the Pacific Intertie, 1958 -1964." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1724.
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Construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie (also known as the Pacific Intertie) began in 1964, following the culmination of a series of interrelated negotiations which included: 1) the planning for the construction and operation of the Pacific Intertie; 2) the passage of federal legislation that put limits on the export of electricity from the regions where it was generated; and 3) the full ratification of the Columbia River Treaty between the United States and Canada. By 1970, with construction complete, the Pacific Intertie allowed for the movement of more than 4,000,000 kilowatts of power among the electrical systems of British Columbia and eleven Western states, including 243 rural electrical cooperatives, municipal systems, and other public agencies. It had essentially become the backbone of the largest electrical grid in the Western world. In addition to widening the marketing area available to power producers throughout the grid, the Pacific Intertie also integrated the operations of the nation's largest hydropower system (Bonneville Power Administration), the largest privately owned electrical system (Pacific Gas & Electric), and the largest municipal power system (L.A. Department of Water and Power) in the country.
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Andrade, Dagmar Luz de. "An object-oriented knowledge-based system for hydroelectric power plant turbine selection." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1171487350.
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Magee, Darrin L. "New energy geographies : powershed politics and hydropower decision making in Yunnan, China /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5648.
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Missler, Heidi Erika. "The Revelstoke Dam : a case study of the selection, licensing and implementation of a large scale hydroelectric project in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28175.
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Procedures for the selection, licensing and implementation of large scale energy projects must evolve with the escalating complexity of such projects and. the changing public value system. Government appeared unresponsive to rapidly changing conditions in the 1960s and 1970s. Consequently, approval of major hydroelectric development projects in British Columbia under the Water Act became increasingly more contentious. This led, in 1980, to the introduction of new procedures—the Energy Project Review Process (EPRP) — under the B.C. Utilities Commission Act.
This study documents and evaluates the selection, licensing and implementation of the Revelstoke Hydroelectric Dam under the Water Act and assesses to what extent the current EPRP selection and licensing procedure overcame the shortcomings of the Revelstoke experience. The methodological approach used is that of a post-development analysis.
The Revelstoke Project case study revealed that the Water Act only addressed project design, safety, and impacts, but not selection and justification. Project implementation proceeded under a conditional water licence. The two-part administrative framework, established under the licence and by B.C. Hydro, lacked integration and failed to provide effective management. A strong commitment to the preservation of environmental quality was lacking. The licensee's monitoring of construction practices in general and of compliance with environmental guidelines, a set of nonspecific commonly accepted construction activities, were inadequate. Governmental surveillance and enforcement were rendered unsatisfactory by staff shortages and a laissez faire attitude. The case study concluded with a post-development environmental analysis, which determined the effectiveness of the
Environmental Impact Statement in predicting impacts to be only twenty-five percent. Evaluation of the EPRP and its application in the Site C Dam proposal demonstrated that it is a significant improvement over its predecessor. If applied efficiently and in its entirety, it would provide an adequate structure and procedural sequence for project selection and licensing. However, some of the inadequacies noted in the Revelstoke case study, such the lack of provisions for early public and government participation, an adequate data base, an administrative structure, and a post-development analysis, have not been or only partially corrected. To conclude, this thesis offers some recommendations to further improve this continually evolving process.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Lemos, Hermann Friedenberg de 1958. "Estudos de repotenciação de usinas hidrelétricas por meio da motorização de poços vazios existentes." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265893.
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Orientador: Sérgio Valdir BajayDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a viabilidade técnica e econômica da motorização de poços vazios previamente escavados e concretados, existentes em dez usinas hidrelétricas brasileiras de médio e grande porte. O objetivo é acrescentar potência instalada e disponibilizar energia nova para atendimento ao horário de ponta de carga do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). Foram coletados junto ao Centro Nacional de Operação do Sistema Elétrico (CNOS), dados operacionais hidroenergéticos consolidados ao longo de dez anos, referentes às vazões turbinada e vertida, produtividade, potência média produzida e potência média vertida. Os dados operacionais foram utilizados nas equações criadas para dimensionar a quantidade de poços a motorizar e os respectivos acréscimos de potência. Simulações sistêmicas foram realizadas junto ao Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica (CEPEL), para estimar os ganhos de energia provenientes dos acréscimos de potência, utilizando os modelos de simulação daquele Centro. Fluxos de caixa, compostos pelas despesas necessárias ao investimento e pelas receitas da venda da nova energia, proporcionaram a análise da viabilidade econômica. Os resultados encontrados mostram que somente a remuneração do ganho de energia resultante da motorização adicional não viabiliza economicamente a instalação de unidades geradoras na maioria dos poços vazios disponíveis nas usinas hidrelétricas analisadas. As principais conclusões sinalizam para a obtenção de soluções econômica e regulatória que fomentem a viabilização da motorização dos poços vazios sob a ótica do mercado comercializador de energia elétrica, incluindo a valoração do acréscimo de potência instalada
Abstract: This work examines the technical and economic feasibility of inserting power generation sets in empty pits previously excavated and concreted in ten medium and large Brazilian hydroelectric power plants. The goal is to add new installed capacity and energy available to meet the peak hour load of the National Interconnected System. Hydropower operational data consolidated over ten years, related to the generation and no generation flows, productivity, average power produced and poured average power, were collected from the National Center Operation of Electrical System. The operational data were used in equations created to scale the number of pits to be motorized and its power increases. Systemic simulations were performed by the Center for Electric Power Research to estimate the energy gains arising from increased power, using simulation models that Center. Cash flows with investment expenditures and revenues from the sale of new energy provided the analysis of the economic viability. The results show that only the compensation of the energy gain resulting from the additional motorization not economically feasible to install generating units in most empty pits available in hydro plants analyzed. The main conclusions point to the attainment of economic and regulatory solutions that foster the viability of empty pits¿ motorization from the perspective of wholesale electricity market, including the remuneration of the new installed capacity
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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Piette, Randal R. "Effects of flow regulation due to hydroelectric project operation on the structure of fish communities in Wisconsin's large river systems /." Link to abstract, 2004. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2004/Piette.pdf.
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Alexandre, Denise Barros [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de sistema computacional para pré-dimensionamento de turbinas para micro, mini e pequenas centrais hidrelétricas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90576.
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O Brasil é o país que possui uma das maiores reservas mundiais de hidroenergia, em razão da quantidade imensa de rios em seu território. Em diversas áreas isoladas, tais como grupos populacionais dispersos em áreas rurais, a mais importante alternativa de produção e utilização de energia renovável é representada pelas Micro, Mini e Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas, que promovem oferta de energia elétrica utilizando pequenos aproveitamentos hidroenergéticos. Para pequenos aproveitamentos, o projetista de uma central hidrelétrica deve, ao definir o tipo de turbina hidráulica, fixar-se nos rotores Pelton, Francis e Kaplan e nas turbinas Banki, por serem os mais freqüentemente encontrados na prática usual. O projeto destes aproveitamentos hidroenergéticos requer muitos detalhes, regras e cálculos matemáticos que exigem tempo e conhecimento do assunto, tornando desejável uma ferramenta que forneça, de forma rápida e clara, a informação sobre os dados envolvidos no dimensionamento de equipamentos. Na sociedade moderna, tal necessidade de informação é constantemente suprida pela informática, com o uso de softwares específicos para o assunto em foco. Com esta idéia, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, considerando-se que a criação de um software que atende aos requisitos dos projetos de aproveitamentos hidroenergéticos executa o papel importante de ser uma ferramenta de desenvolvimento da eletrificação rural. Este trabalho pretende, especificamente para geração de energia elétrica através de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, estabelecer um roteiro completo para pré-dimensionar turbinas hidráulicas, implementar este roteiro em sistema computacional, e criar uma interface de software de fácil uso. A partir das variáveis: vazão do rio, altura de queda do rio, e altitude local, as quais são fornecidas pelo usuário...
Brazil is the country that possesses one of the largest world reservations of hydraulic power, in reason of the immense amount of rivers in its territory. In diverse isolated areas, such as dispersed population groups in rural areas, the most important alternative of production and use of renewable energy is represented by the Micro, Mini and Small Hydroelectric Power Stations, that promote offer of electric energy using small uses hydroelectric power. For small uses, the planner of hydroelectric power plants, when defining the type of hydraulic turbine, to fix itself in the Pelton, Francis and Kaplan rotors and in the Banki turbines, for they be more frequently the found in the usual practice. The project of these uses hydroelectric power requests many details, rules and mathematical calculations that demand time and knowledge of the subject, turning desirable a tool that supplies, in a fast and simple form, the information on the data involved in the sizing of equipment. In the modern society, such need of information constantly is supplied by computer science, with the use of specific software for the subject in focus. With this idea, the present work was developed, being considered that the creation of a software that assists to the requirements of the projects of uses hydroelectric power executes the important paper of being a tool of development of the rural electrification. This work intends, specifically for generation of electric energy through small Hydroelectric Power Stations, to establish a complete guide of orientation for to make initial calculations of the dimensions of hydraulic turbines, to implement this guide of orientation in computational system, and to create an interface of software of easy use. Starting from the variables: outflow of the river, height of fall of the river, and local altitude, which is supplied by the user... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Herpich, Francine. "A perspectiva social dos moradores atingidos pela implantação da Hidrelétrica Baixo Iguaçu." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1129.
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CAPESEsta pesquisa buscou compreender a perspectiva social dos moradores atingidos pela Hidrelétrica Baixo Iguaçu, com base em teorias de Young (2000; 2006) e Hannigan (1995). O estudo de campo foi realizado com moradores atingidos dos municípios paranaenses de Capitão Leônidas Marques, Capanema, Nova Prata do Iguaçu, Realeza e Planalto. O objetivo foi averiguar a perspectiva social construída pelos moradores atingidos daquele local, em um período limitado para esta pesquisa, devido ao processo de implantação da hidrelétrica ainda estar em andamento. A metodologia utilizada foi: revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas com os moradores e com as lideranças e análise de conteúdo. No segundo segmento, apresentou-se a contextualização do cenário - as teorias utilizadas e a revisão de literatura sobre a implantação de uma hidrelétrica, as teorias do desenvolvimento que situam este cenário, os conflitos gerados pelos diferentes usos da terra e o licenciamento ambiental. No terceiro segmento, o estudo foi centrado no ator da pesquisa: o morador atingido. Quem são esses moradores e quais são os movimentos sociais e as lutas de resistência. No quarto segmento, os dados foram apresentados, com temas como a indenização; as incertezas; as perdas dos moradores atingidos; as relações comunitárias e a participação no processo. Por fim, pode-se concluir que a perspectiva social dos atingidos pela implantação da hidrelétrica Baixo Iguaçu é construída a partir de sentimentos de ansiedade e insegurança, em que percebem desvantagens no processo, como prejuízos econômicos, psicológicos e sociais, principalmente, oriundos do tempo de espera para a resolução dos conflitos e da conclusão do processo de implantação da hidrelétrica.
This research sought to understand the social perspective of residents affected by the Baixo Iguaçu Hydroelectric based on theories of Young (2000; 2006) and Hannigan (1995). The field study was conducted with affected residents of the municipalities of Paraná Capitão Leonidas Marques, Capanema, Nova Prata do Iguaçu, Realeza and Planalto. The objective was to evaluate the social perspective built by affected residents of that place, in a cropped period for this research due to the deployment of the hydroelectric process being that the conflict is still ongoing. A methodology used literature review, semi-structured interviews with residents and leaders and content analysis. In the second segment, presented the context of the scenario - the theories used and the literature review on the implementation of a hydroelectric, development theories that situate this scenario, conflicts generated by different land uses and environmental licensing. In the third segment, the study was focused on the actor's research, the resident hit. Who are these residents, what are the social movements and resistance struggles. In part four, the data were presented with issues like compensation; uncertainties; losses of affected residents; community relations and participation in the process. Finally, we can conclude that the social perspective of those affected by the implementation of hydroelectric Baixo Iguaçu is constructed from feelings of anxiety and insecurity, they realizes disadvantages in the process, such as economic, psychological and social damage, mainly coming from the waiting time for the resolution of conflicts and completion of the process of implementation of hydroelectric.
26
Silva, Fabricio Ströher da. "Perfil da geração hidrelétrica no Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3780.
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Hydroelectric generation is the main source of electricity in Brazil and also in the West and Southwest of Paraná. Year after year the energy matrix has been diversifying, including new sources, such as wind power. However, due to the power accumulation characteristic of hydroelectric plants, this type of source is important for the stability of the electric system. Currently, hydroelectric power corresponds to just over 60% of all power installed in Brazil. Particularly in the West and Southwest of Paraná, this number increases and Paraná's share in the Brazilian matrix is approximately 16% of all installed power. In order to verify the participation of these regions in the hydropower matrix and also their production, a survey was made of the installed potential and the constructive profile of the hydroenergy projects. In addition, the flow and production trends of the Salto Santiago hydroelectric plant in the Iguaçu River basin and the Melissa hydroelectric plant in the Piquiri river basin were verified in the 2003 to 2017 period. Finally, a conceptual map of the western and southwestern regions of Paraná was elaborated with the hydroelectric generation profile. It was noticed by the survey that the regions of the study have great participation in the hydroelectric matrix of Brazil and that its production and the flow of the rivers in the entrance of these remains practically unchanged in the studied period.
A geração hidrelétrica é a principal fonte de energia elétrica no Brasil e do Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná. Ano após ano a matriz energética vem se diversificando, sendo nela inseridas novas fontes, como por exemplo a eólica. Porém pela característica de acumulação de energia potência das hidrelétricas faz com que este tipo de fonte seja importante para a estabilidade do sistema elétrico. Nos dias atuais a energia hidrelétrica corresponde a pouco mais que 60% de toda potência instalada no Brasil. Em especial na região Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná, este número aumenta e a participação do Paraná na matriz brasileira é de aproximadamente 16% de toda potência instalada. Para verificar como está a participação destas regiões na matriz hidroenergética e sua produção, foi realizado um levantamento do potencial instalado e do perfil construtivo dos empreendimentos hidroenergéticos. Além disto foi verificada a tendência das vazões e produção no período de 2003 a 2017 da hidrelétrica Salto Santiago na bacia do Rio Iguaçu e a hidrelétrica Melissa na bacia do rio Piquiri. Por fim, foi elaborado um mapa conceitual das regiões Oeste e Sudoeste do Paraná com o perfil da geração hidrelétrica. Concluiu-se pelo levantamento que as regiões do estudo têm grande participação na matriz hidrelétrica do Brasil e que sua produção e a vazão dos rios na entrada destas permanece praticamente inalterada no período do estudado.
27
Martin, Andrey Minin. "Produzir energia, (pro) mover o progresso : o Complexo Hidrelétrico Urubupungá e os caminhos do setor energético /." Assis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141457.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Eduardo Romero de OliveiraBanca: Gildo Magalhães dos Santos Filho
Banca: Paulo Roberto Cimó Queiroz
Banca: Paulo Cesar Gonçalves
Banca: Aureo Busetto
Resumo: Objetiva-se neste trabalho analisar o Complexo Hidrelétrico Urubupungá, localizado na região fronteiriça entre os estados de São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul, constituído por duas hidrelétricas, a Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Souza Dias (Jupiá) e a Usina Hidrelétrica Ilha Solteira. Planejado e executado entre as décadas de 1950 e meados da década de 1970, este empreendimento consolida-se por meio da criação da Comissão Interestadual da Bacia do Paraná-Uruguai, a CIBPU, projeto de planejamento regional articulado por sete estados nacionais, tendo como influência as experiências norte-americanas do Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA. Com o início das obras, a condução do empreendimento centraliza cada vez mais novos organismos, como as Centrais Elétricas de Urubupungá, CELUSA S/A e a partir de 1966 as Centrais Elétricas de São Paulo, CESP, atualmente denominada Companhia Energética de São Paulo. Tais transformações projetam novos interesses de determinados grupos e espaços com as potencialidades advindas da produção energética, ampliando diretamente a forma de se pensar como a constituição deste complexo atrela-se a determinados projetos políticos, econômicos e sociais para uma vasta região do país. Para tal análise, permeado por um debate teórico-metodológico entre progresso, desenvolvimento, história e memória, ligados a um corpo documental amplo, de documentos de comissões e empresas, periódicos de circulação nacional e aparatos audiovisuais, apresentamos como uma série de narra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work aims to analyze the Urubupungá Hydroelectric Complex, located in the border region between the States of São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul, it is consisted by two hydroelectric plants, the Engenheiro Souza Dias Hydroelectric Plant (Jupiá), and the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Plant. Planned and executed between the decade of 1950 and mid of 1970, this enterprise consolidated itself through the creation of an Interstate Committee of the Paraná-Uruguai basin, that was called CIBPU, and was a regional planning project articulated by seven national States, under the influence the North-American experiences of the Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA.With the beginning of the works, the enterprise focuses more and more on the new organisms, such as Urubupungá Electrics Centrals, CELUSA S/A, and from 1966, The São Paulo Electrics Centrals, CESP, currently named as Energetic Company of São Paulo. These transformations design new interests of certain groups and spaces to the arising potential from the energy production, directly widening the way of thinking about how the complex creation is connected to certain political, economic, and social projects to a wide area of the country. For this analysis, permeated by a theoreticalmethodological debate about progress, development, history and memory linked to an extensive documental source of commissions and companies documents, national periodicals, audio-visual apparatus, it was presented how a series of narratives were engendered in t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
28
Alexandre, Denise Barros 1974. "Desenvolvimento de sistema computacional para pré-dimensionamento de turbinas para micro, mini e pequenas centrais hidrelétricas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90576.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Nelson Miguel TeixeiraBanca: José Angelo Cagnon
Banca: Isidoro Casal Caminha Junior
Resumo: O Brasil é o país que possui uma das maiores reservas mundiais de hidroenergia, em razão da quantidade imensa de rios em seu território. Em diversas áreas isoladas, tais como grupos populacionais dispersos em áreas rurais, a mais importante alternativa de produção e utilização de energia renovável é representada pelas Micro, Mini e Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas, que promovem oferta de energia elétrica utilizando pequenos aproveitamentos hidroenergéticos. Para pequenos aproveitamentos, o projetista de uma central hidrelétrica deve, ao definir o tipo de turbina hidráulica, fixar-se nos rotores Pelton, Francis e Kaplan e nas turbinas Banki, por serem os mais freqüentemente encontrados na prática usual. O projeto destes aproveitamentos hidroenergéticos requer muitos detalhes, regras e cálculos matemáticos que exigem tempo e conhecimento do assunto, tornando desejável uma ferramenta que forneça, de forma rápida e clara, a informação sobre os dados envolvidos no dimensionamento de equipamentos. Na sociedade moderna, tal necessidade de informação é constantemente suprida pela informática, com o uso de softwares específicos para o assunto em foco. Com esta idéia, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, considerando-se que a criação de um software que atende aos requisitos dos projetos de aproveitamentos hidroenergéticos executa o papel importante de ser uma ferramenta de desenvolvimento da eletrificação rural. Este trabalho pretende, especificamente para geração de energia elétrica através de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, estabelecer um roteiro completo para pré-dimensionar turbinas hidráulicas, implementar este roteiro em sistema computacional, e criar uma interface de software de fácil uso. A partir das variáveis: vazão do rio, altura de queda do rio, e altitude local, as quais são fornecidas pelo usuário... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Brazil is the country that possesses one of the largest world reservations of hydraulic power, in reason of the immense amount of rivers in its territory. In diverse isolated areas, such as dispersed population groups in rural areas, the most important alternative of production and use of renewable energy is represented by the Micro, Mini and Small Hydroelectric Power Stations, that promote offer of electric energy using small uses hydroelectric power. For small uses, the planner of hydroelectric power plants, when defining the type of hydraulic turbine, to fix itself in the Pelton, Francis and Kaplan rotors and in the Banki turbines, for they be more frequently the found in the usual practice. The project of these uses hydroelectric power requests many details, rules and mathematical calculations that demand time and knowledge of the subject, turning desirable a tool that supplies, in a fast and simple form, the information on the data involved in the sizing of equipment. In the modern society, such need of information constantly is supplied by computer science, with the use of specific software for the subject in focus. With this idea, the present work was developed, being considered that the creation of a software that assists to the requirements of the projects of uses hydroelectric power executes the important paper of being a tool of development of the rural electrification. This work intends, specifically for generation of electric energy through small Hydroelectric Power Stations, to establish a complete guide of orientation for to make initial calculations of the dimensions of hydraulic turbines, to implement this guide of orientation in computational system, and to create an interface of software of easy use. Starting from the variables: outflow of the river, height of fall of the river, and local altitude, which is supplied by the user... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
29
Payne, Raymond W. "Natural resource development and the role of the state : the case of hydroelectric power planning in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27508.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the role played by the state at the provincial level in the planning of hydro-electric power development in British Columbia. The electric power industry has been a primary focus for government intervention in the economic affairs of most western industrialized countries. Not only has the structure and scope of the state's regulatory activity in the industry been more extensive than most others, but governments have often gone beyond such regulatory supervision to assume a more direct role in the production of the commodity itself.
In British Columbia, however, the direct entrepreneurial role played by successive provincial governments led to major planning failures. Serious social and environmental costs were ignored in development decisions, economically dubious projects were constructed, and the electric power system as a whole was seriously overbuilt.
This thesis argues that the problems associated with state-directed hydro-electric power development were institutional rather than technical in nature. Two types of institutional factors are shown to have played a key role. First, the scope of power planning has been limited by the role played by the provincial state in the broader political economy of British Columbia. This role has been basically non-interventionist in nature, with the exceptional interventions in economic affairs being associated with the removal of barriers to the private exploitation of the natural resource base. This broad economic role has conflicted with the state's central position as arbiter among opposing societal interests and has biased subsequent government planning activities toward facilitating the supply of electric power rather than evaluating the demand for it. Second, rigidities within the institutions employed by the state to undertake power planning activities inhibited the adaptation of these activities to a changing economic environment. Organized structures were created to implement particular power policy initiatives, and these organizations developed their own set of interests and priorities. Hence, a bias against the re-evaluation of previous policy and planning approaches was created, even in the face of clear evidence of their failings.
In Chapter 2, the conceptual and theoretical groundwork for the study is laid with an examination of four alternative approaches to the economic role of the state in western capitalist societies. The key questions explored are the rationale for state intervention, the choice of policy instruments employed, and the effectiveness of these instruments in undertaking
goal oriented planning.
In Chapter 3, the stage for the analysis of power policy is set with an overview of the economic context of electric power production in British Columbia. This chapter establishes the staple-based nature of the B.C. economy and analyses the changing role played by electric power in this economy.
Chapters 4 through 8 detail the historical evolution of power planning and policy in British Columbia. Chapter 4 documents the predominantly laissez-faire approach to power policy during the pre-World War II period and the gradual emergence of demands for a more active regulatory role by government.
Chapter 5 documents both the implementation of electric power regulation during the 1950s and the emerging policy preoccupation with underwriting the development of British Columbia's large-scale hydro resources. The chapter focuses on the links between this overall role, the creation of a dominant Crown corporation in the power industry, the decision to undertake an economically dubious sequence of hydro development, and the lack of attention given to environmental issues.
In Chapter 6, the focus is on the use of the Crown hydro corporation as an economic policy instrument during the 1960s. The preoccupation with initiating large-scale hydro developments shifted to a concern with producing power at the lowest possible direct cost to the consumer.
Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the shift from power policy to power planning. From the late 1960s through the 1970s, policy making at the provincial level was largely replaced by an institutionalized, formally rational decision making process dominated by technical experts. This shift, by creating a powerful set of established interests within the provincial power utility, gave added momentum to the expansionary power policies of the 1950s and '60s during a period when their underlying justification was being increasingly questioned. Finally, Chapter 8 concludes by examining the re-assertion of regulatory control by the provincial state over the now publicly-owned power industry.
The conclusion summarizes and interprets the evidence presented in Chapters 4 through 8 in light of the theoretical concepts introduced in Chapter 2. The central problem of state involvement in the electric power industry is shown to be the representativeness and adaptability of policy and planning institutions. A number of recommendations are made to overcome the deficiencies identified in the study.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
30
Castro, Alcinéa Guimarães de. "Estimativa de sequestro de carbono florestal para restauração ecológica devido às emissões de CO2 na instalação de uma central geradora hidrelétrica - CGH /." Guaratinguetá, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151057.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Pedro Magalhães SobrinhoCoorientador: Silvio Jorge Coelho Simões
Banca: João Andrade de Carvalho Junior
Banca: Ivonete Ávila
Banca: Humberto Gallo Junior
Banca: Ademir Fernando Morelli
Resumo: São inúmeros os serviços econômicos, sociais e ambientais atribuídos às florestas, sendo a fixação do carbono atmosférico o mais recente, pois contribui para a redução de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) e do aquecimento global, através do processo de fotossíntese na absorção do dióxido de carbono (CO2) pelas árvores. Buscando a redução dos GEE e a absorção do CO2, as centrais geradoras hidrelétricas (CGHs) e as pequenas centrais hidrelétricas (PCHs) são consideradas, por muitos estudiosos, como uma forma mais limpa de obtenção de energia, ainda que existam algumas discussões sobre os impactos ambientais gerados pelas mesmas. Assim, este estudo visa propor a mitigação da emissão do CO2, por meio da restauração ecológica, devido à instalação de uma central geradora hidrelétrica, com base na análise do potencial dos remanescentes florestais como sumidouros de carbono. Desta forma, utilizou-se mapas georreferenciados com dados físicos ambientais (hidrologia, classe de solo, uso da terra, drenagem, área de preservação permanente e maciços florestais nativos) que possibilitaram delimitar os remanescentes florestais existentes na bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Chapéu, localizada no município de São Luís do Paraitinga, SP, Brasil. Paralelamente, levantou-se os dados dendrométricos (altura da árvore e diâmetro à altura do peito) de 658 indivíduos arbóreos, distribuídos em 119 espécies de um fragmento florestal de 10.000 m2, que foram aplicados em equações alométricas, resultando uma estima... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: There are numerous economic, social and environmental services to forests, among which atmospheric carbon sequestration is the most recent, which contributes to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming through photosynthesis, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption by trees. With the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and absorbing CO2, small hydropower stations (SHS) and small hydropower plants (SHPs) are considered as a cleaner way to generate energy in literature, although there is some discussion regarding their environmental impacts. Thus, the present study aims to mitigate CO2 emissions from building a hydropower station through ecological restoration based on analyzing the potential of utilizing remnant forests as carbon sinks. Therefore, georeferenced maps have been used with environmental physical data (hydrology, soil type, land use, drainage, permanent preservation areas and native forest) that allowed defining the existing remnant forests along the Chapéu River watershed, which is located in São Luís do Paraitinga, SP, Brazil. In addition, dendrometric data (height and diameter at breast height) has been collected on 658 individual trees classified into 119 species in a forest area of 10,000 m 2 . Data used in an allometric equation resulted in an estimate of 62.25 C ha-1 t sequestrated by trees and CO2 emission of 9232.92 t ha-1 due to the flooded forest area (dam) if a SHS were constructed in the watershed. These data evidenced that trees contribute to carbon sequestration, and that there must be an environmental compensation through ecological restoration of 323.8 hectares of permanent environmental reserve areas located in the contributing watersheds. This research is going to assist in environmental licensing and decision-making processes regarding the implementation of hydropower stations due to obtaining parameters ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
31
Slobodan, Jurić. "Modeli rizika za procenu nivoa vibracija tehničkih sistema." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnički fakultet Mihajlo Pupin u Zrenjaninu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107236&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Istraživanje modela rizika predstavlja stalnu proveru parametara vibracija sistema, na osnovu kojih se može prognozirati vreme zamene komponenata pre nego što dođe do njihovih otkaza. Model se zasniva na stalnom praćenju parametara stanja u cilju eliminacije slabih mesta na tehničkom sistemu. Na taj način će biti ustanovljeni modeli za predviđanje i sprečavanje otkaza u radu tehničkog sistema. Karakteristika ovog modela je u neprekidnom praćenju stanja tehničkog sistema u procesu eksploatacije i iznalaženje uporednog modela za procenu rizika, prema ISO standardima. Istraživanje je imalo zacilj da se izvrši: procena dinamičkog stanja, osetljivosti i sklonosti rotirajućih elemenatahidro-elektrane (HE) ka debalansu, kao i procenu sigurnosti funkcionisanja vratila i rotoraturbinskog dela uređaja HE sa aspekta minimalnog rizika od pojave zastoja.Research into risk models is a constant check of the system's vibration parameters, based on which the time of replacing components can be predicted before their failure occurs. The model is based on continuous monitoring of state parameters in order to eliminate weak spots in the technical system. In this way, models will be established for predicting and preventing failure in the work, technical system. The characteristicof this model is the continuous monitoring of the state of the technical system in the exploitation process and the finding of a comparative risk assessment model, according to ISO standards. The aim of the research was to evaluate the dynamic state, sensitivity and tendency of the rotating elements of the hydroelectric powerplant (HE), to the imbalance, as well as to assess the safety of the functioning of the shaft and rotor turbine part of the HE unit from the aspect of minimal risk of occurrence of delays.
32
Sahin, Haci Bayram. "Analysing Design Parameters Of Hydroelectric Power Plant Projects To Develop Cost Decision Models By Using Regresion And Neural Network Tools." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611462/index.pdf.
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Energy is increasingly becoming more important in today&rsquos world. Ascending of energy consumption due to development of technology and dense population of earth causes greenhouse effect. One of the most valuable energy sources is hydro energy. Because of limited energy sources and excessive energy usage, cost of energy is rising. There are many ways to generate electricity. Among the electricity generation units, hydroelectric power plants are very important, since they are renewable energy sources and they have no fuel cost. Electricity is one of the most expensive input in production. Every hydro energy potential should be considered when making investment on this hydro energy potential. To decide whether a hydroelectric power plant investment is feasible or not, project cost and amount of electricity generation of the investment should be precisely estimated. This study is about cost estimation of hydroelectric power plant projects. Many design parameters and complexity of construction affect the cost of hydroelectric power plant projects. In this thesis fifty four hydroelectric power plant projects are analyzed. The data set is analyzed by using regression analysis and artificial neural network tools. As a result, two cost estimation models have been developed to determine the hydroelectric power plant project cost in early stage of the project.
33
Bertoncello, Ricardo. "Sistema de conexão de mini e micro centrais hidrelétricas às redes monofásicas das concessionárias." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/335.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um sistema de conexão entre unidades de geração trifásica e uma rede de distribuição de energia elétrica rural monofásica. O sistema proposto baseia-se em um conversor CA/CA. Este conversor é composto por um retificador trifásico modulado por largura de pulso e um inversor monofásico. O controle do sistema é realizado através de um controlador digital de sinais (DSC). Atualmente o custo para conexão de mini e micro centrais hidrelétricas às redes de distribuição das concessionárias é bastante elevado, principalmente pelo custo de implantação das redes de distribuição trifásicas, e isso gera impacto principalmente nos pequenos empreendimentos. Para os empreendimentos maiores, este custo é diluído no custo total da obra, não impactando de forma significativa na viabilidade do negócio. Este trabalho visa desenvolver um sistema de conexão que atenda os requisitos técnicos e as exigências legais e que ao mesmo tempo consiga reduzir os custos para a conexão de pequenos agentes geradores no sistema elétrico nacional, em localidades onde somente a rede monofásica esteja disponível. Com isso, pretende-se viabilizar economicamente a inserção de pequenos produtores no cenário de geração e comercialização de energia elétrica.The objective of this work is to develop a connection system between three-phase generation units and a single phase rural distribution electricity network. The proposed system is based on an AC/AC converter. This converter consists in a threephase PWM rectifier and a single-phase PWM inverter. System control is performed by a Digital Signal Controller (DSC). Currently, the cost for connecting mini and micro hydropower plants to distribution networks of utilities is very high, especially because of the three phase distribution networks deployment cost, which generates impact mainly in small businesses. For larger businesses, this cost is diluted within the total work costs, not significantly impacting business viability though. This work aims at developing a system that meets the technical and legal connection requirements and, at the same time, will be capable of reducing costs for connecting small generating agents in the national power system in locations where only a single-phase network is available. Therefore, we intend to make economically viable insertion of small producers in the generation and sale electricity scenario.
34
Lombard, Adriaan Cornelius Johannes. "Design and implementation of a low cost grid-connected 10 kw hydro power system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4295.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world is increasingly being faced with the challenge of effectively exploiting available renewable energy resources, not only to meet an ever growing energy demand, but also to preserve the available amount of fossil fuels and to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere by fossil fuelled power stations. Hence, every available renewable energy resource, even small rivers has a contribution to make in the attempt to reduce the amount of fossil fuel generated electricity. The focus of this study is the design and installation of a low cost grid-connected 10 kW micro hydro power system (MHPS). The process to determine the potential of the available water resource is first to be presented. The environmental aspects of these systems, based on the study that is undertaken for the implementation of the landmark example, are discussed. The complete design of a micro hydro power system for a specific site is presented. This design is based on using commercially available components and equipment in an attempt to minimise the total cost of a micro hydro power system. The designed micro hydro power system is installed in-field and the predicted performance of the designed system is verified with measured results of the implemented system. Based on the results of the micro hydro power system landmark example, it is shown through a complete economic study, that this investment is very worthwhile.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreld word daagliks meer en meer uitgedaag om beskikbare alternatiewe energiebronne effektief te benut, nie net om in die groeiende elektrisiteits aanvraag te voorsien nie, maar ook om die beskikbare fossiel brandstowwe te beskerm en ook om die hoeveelheid koolstofdioksied gasse wat deur fossiel brandstof kragstasies vrygestel word, te verminder. Dus het elke beskikbare alternatiewe energiebron, selfs klein riviertjies, ‘n bydrae om te lewer tot die poging om die hoeveelheid elektrisiteit wat deur fossiel brandstowwe opgewek word, te verminder. Die fokus van hierdie studie is op die ontwerp en implementering van ‘n lae koste netwerk gekoppelde 10 kW mikro hidro kragstelsel. Eerstens word die proses om die potensiaal van die beskikbare waterbron te bepaal, bespreek. Al die omgewings aspekte van hierdie mikro hidro kragstelsels word dan bespreek. Dit is ten volle gebaseer op die studies wat gedoen is vir die implementering van hierdie landmerk voorbeeld. Die volledige ontwerp van ‘n mikro hidro kragstelsel, vir ‘n spesifieke terrein, word bespreek. Hierdie ontwerp is hoofsaaklik gebasseer op die gebruik van kommersieel beskikbare komponente met die doel om die totale koste van die stelsel te minimeer. Die stelsel wat ontwerp is, is geïnstalleer op die terrein en die verwagte prestasie van die stelsel is toe geverifieer met gemete resultate van die geïnstalleerde stelsel. ‘n Volledige ekonomiese studie wat gebaseer is op die resultate van die geïnstalleerde stelsel, word dan bespreek en daar is gevind dat hierdie stelsel werklik finansieel die moeite werd is.
Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies
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Brito, Junior Geraldo Carvalho. "Comportamento dinamico de mancais de guia de hidrogeradores de grande porte." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264600.
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Orientador: Hans Ingo WeberDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho é dividido em duas partes, uma teórica e outra experimental. Na primeira parte é apresentado um procedimento, estabelecido com base em um estudo analítico da Equação de Reynolds, para determinar os coeficientes de rigidez e de amortecimento do filme lubrificante de mancais de guia de grandes hidrogeradores. Ele é aplicado aos mancais de guia superiores das unidades geradoras da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu e os coeficientes resultantes são comparados àqueles obtidos com o uso de um programa que emprega o Método das Diferenças Finitas para solucionar a Equação de Reynolds. A parte experimental é baseada na análise de diversas falhas ocorridas em hidrogeradores, nos resultados de alguns ensaios especiais e no monitoramento das temperaturas dos mancais e da oscilação do eixo das dezoito unidades geradoras de Itaipu, desenvolvido ao longo de um período de cinco de anos. Ela mostra que os modelos matemáticos de hidrogeradores, utilizados para prever o comportamento dinâmico destas máquinas na fase de projeto ou como um ferramenta de manutenção preditiva na fase de operação, precisam incluir os efeitos das forças de rigidez e de amortecimento do filme lubrificante dos mancais de guia. Finalmente, são analisadas as conseqüências de diversos fenômenos que ocorrem em hidrogeradores, tais como deformação dos mancais, variações sazonais nas folgas dos mancais e outros, nos coeficientes dinâmicos do filme lubrificante
Abstract: This work is divided in two parts, one theoretical and other experimental. In the first part is presented a procedure, established from an analytical study of the Reynolds equation, to determine the oil film stiffness and damping coefficients of large hydro units guide bearings. It is applied to the upper guide bearings of the Itaipu Power Plant generating units and the resulting coefficients are compared to those achieved using a program which employs the Finite Difference Method to solve the Reynolds equation. The experimental part is based on an analysis of several failures occurred in hydrogenerators, on the results of some special tests and on the monitoring of bearings temperatures and shaft vibration of the eighteen Itaipu generating units, made on a period of five years. It shows that the mathematical models of hydrogenerators, used to preview their dynamic behavior at the design phase or as a predictive maintenance tool at the operation phase, must include the effects of the guide bearings oil film stiffness and damping forces. Finally, are analyzed the consequences of several phenomenons which occurs in those machines, such as bearing deformations, seasonal changes in bearings clearances and others, in the oil film dynamic coefficients
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Corpos Solidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Fernandes, Jéssica Pillon Torralba 1985. "Abordagem lexicográfica na otimização da operação de usinas hidrelétricas." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265794.
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Orientadores: Ieda Geriberto Hidalgo, Paulo de Barros CorreiaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Em busca do desenvolvimento sustentável, a atividade de produção de energia iniciou o século XXI com foco em dois temas: eficiência energética e utilização de fontes de energia renováveis. O Brasil é um país privilegiado em termos de disponibilidade de recursos naturais para a geração de energia, principalmente através da água. Apesar da evolução de outras fontes renováveis de energia, como a biomassa e a eólica, é previsto um aumento da utilização de energia hidráulica na geração de eletricidade de forma sustentável. Para acompanhar esse aumento, existe a necessidade de expandir a oferta de energia através da instalação de novas usinas hidrelétricas e/ou otimização da operação das usinas hidrelétricas existentes. Neste contexto, esta tese apresenta uma metodologia para resolver o problema de despacho dinâmico de máquinas e geração com horizonte diário e discretização horária. Ela baseia-se na Programação por Metas Lexicográficas, utilizando Algoritmo Genético e Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm. A formulação matemática do problema possui dois objetivos conflitantes. O primeiro consiste em maximizar a geração líquida da usina ao longo do dia. O segundo visa minimizar o número de partidas e paradas das unidades geradoras. A resolução é executada em duas etapas. Na Etapa 1, o Algoritmo Genético é utilizado para resolver o problema estático para cada hora. Na Etapa 2, Algoritmo Genético e Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm são empregados para solucionar o problema dinâmico ao longo de um dia. As soluções encontradas são analisadas através da construção de uma curva de trade-offs. Os estudos de casos são realizados com as usinas Jupiá e Porto Primavera ,que pertencem ao Sistema Interligado Nacional. Os resultados mostram que a metodologia proposta apresenta soluções eficientes e econômicas para a programação diária de usinas hidrelétricas
Abstract: In pursuit of the sustainable development, the energy production activity began the 21st century with focus on two themes: energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources. Brazil is a privileged country in terms of availability of natural resources to energy production, mainly through water. Despite the development of other renewable energy sources, such as biomass and wind power, hydro energy is expected to increase in the electricity generation in a sustainable way. To keep this growing, there is a need to increase the supply of energy by installing new hydroelectric plants and/or optimizing the operation of existing ones. In this context, this thesis presents a methodology to solve the dynamic dispatch problem of units and generation with a daily horizon and hourly discretization. It is based on Lexicographic Goal Programming using Genetic Algorithm and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm. The mathematical formulation of the problem has two conflicting goals. The first consists of maximizing the electric power output the plant throughout the day. The second aims to minimize the number of start-ups and shut-downs of the generating units. The resolution is divided in two steps. In Step 1, Genetic Algorithm is used to solve the static problem for each hour. Phase 2 employs Genetic Algorithm and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm to solve the dynamic problem throughout the day. The solutions are analyzed by building a trade-offs curve. The case studies are carried out with Jupiá and Porto Primavera hydroelectric power plants that belong to the National Interconnected System. The results show that the proposed methodology provides efficient and economic solutions for the daily operation of hydroelectric power plants
Doutorado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Doutora em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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Friesen, Wilbert J. "Development ethics and the Canadian North : a case study analysis of the Churchill-Nelson Rivers Hydro Diversion Project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ55332.pdf.
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Vogel, Eve. "The Columbia River's region : politics, place and environment in the Pacific Northwest, 1933-Present /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6280.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 272-296). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Sun, Haibin. "Integrated Modeling of Electric Power System Operations and Electricity Market Risks with Applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14103.
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Through integrated modeling of power system operations and market risks, this thesis addresses a variety of important issues on market signals modeling, generation capacity scheduling, and electricity forward trading. The first part of the thesis addresses a central problem of transmission investment which is to model market signals for transmission adequacy. The proposed system simulation framework, combined with the stochastic price model, provides a powerful tool for capturing the characteristics of market prices dynamics and evaluating transmission investment. We advocate the use of an AC power flow formulations instead since it allocates transmission losses correctly and reveals the economic incentives of voltage requirements. By incorporating reliability constraints in the market dispatch, the resulting market prices yield incentives for market participants to invest in additional transmission capacity. The second part of the thesis presents a co-optimization modeling framework that incorporates market participation and market price uncertainties into the capacity allocation decision-making problem through a stochastic programming formulation. Optimal scenario-dependent generation scheduling strategies are obtained. The third part of the thesis is devoted to analyzing the risk premium present in the electricity day-ahead forward price over the real-time spot price. This study establishes a quantitative model for incorporating transmission congestion into the analysis of electricity day-ahead forward risk premium. Evidences from empirical studies confirm the significant statistical relationship between the day-ahead forward risk premium and the shadow price premiums on transmission flowgates.
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Plunkett, Wilma Marie. "Edith Irvine: Her Life and Photography." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1989. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5613.
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ln mid-1988, Brigham Young University received a high-quality collection of photographic glass plates made by Edith Irvine at the tum of the century. The plates, her camera and other photographic equipment, and miscellaneous publications were donated to BYU by her nephew, Jim Irvine.
When the plates arrived and the Archives Photolab had them proofed, we realized thal not only were the San Francisco earthquake/ fire and other areas of California history recorded, but we had, in fact, the work of an outstanding photographer. As we compared the proofs with the work of other photographers who handled similar subjects, we called on faculty members qualified to judge her work. All were unstinting in their praise. As our Archives Curator, Dennis Rowley, looked at them, he said, "I've never seen a sel of photographs create a mood like these do."
The more I worked with them, the greater my need to do more than just process and preserve. As I discussed the collection with the faculty members, it became evident to me that I should make a change in my graduate program. I was determined to learn more about the photographer.
The collection of photographs can be viewed in the Edith Irvine Collection.
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Borges, Luciana Riça Mourão. "Políticas territoriais e o setor elétrico no Brasil: análise dos efeitos da construção de hidrelétricas na Amazônia pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento no período de 2007 a 2014." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-17092018-135758/.
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O estudo aqui apresentado tem como objetivo analisar o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), o qual tem gerado grandes transformações no Brasil, em várias escalas, modificando estruturas territoriais, políticas, econômicas e sociais. Ao estudarmos esse programa, buscamos compreender a forma como o Estado brasileiro elabora suas estratégias econômicas e políticas a apropriação, o desenvolvimento e a incorporação de territórios no país. Vivenciamos no Brasil diversas políticas territoriais de infraestrutura e de reforma agrária durante o século XX, o que ocasionou uma larga expansão da abrangência do próprio Estado no território nacional, em geral, e no território amazônico, em específico. Tais ações caracterizam, no seu contexto geral, a atual configuração brasileira, quanto ao social, econômico, político, regional e territorial. Nosso objetivo geral consistiu em analisar os efeitos do PAC no território brasileiro a partir da construção de hidrelétricas na Amazônia, considerando tais intervenções como a materialização de um projeto político dos governos Lula e Dilma, e, com isso, entender o desenvolvimentismo como estratégia de avanço e concretização das ações governamentais. Como objetivos específicos: a) Analisar as ações dos governos de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2002-2010) e Dilma Roussef (2011-2014) sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimentismo, identificando suas principais características políticas e administrativas; b) Analisar a construção das hidrelétricas na Amazônia dispostas como projetos do PAC 1 e 2 enquanto estudo de caso, bem como entender sua relação com o crescimento do setor elétrico nacional e o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro; c) Identificar os principais agentes econômicos e políticos envolvidos na construção de hidrelétricas do PAC na Amazônia brasileira; d) Analisar o PAC 1 e 2 nas escalas nacional, regional e local, pela abordagem da infraestrutura energética, com a análise dos relatórios periódicos publicados pelo próprio Governo contrapostos à realização de trabalhos de campo e informações de pesquisas e movimentos sociais; e) Elaborar uma síntese territorial do PAC a partir das informações e dos dados investigados para identificar diferenciações na execução de obras de acordo com os interesses do Governo aliado às grandes empresas e agentes econômicos. Nossa metodologia consistiu na construção do instrumental analítico mobilizado durante o estudo: o levantamento bibliográfico, as etapas metodológicas, as variáveis, os indicadores, a delimitação temporal e espacial e a forma como os resultados têm sido analisados. Podemos afirmar precisamente que a tese com a qual respondemos nosso problema de pesquisa é a de que o PAC é uma política territorial. Por sua vez, essa política não atende às necessidades desse território, quer sejam sociais, econômicas e ambientais. Sendo tal, dentro dos moldes desenvolvimentistas e liberais, de outro lado beneficia (diferentemente de atender) os grupos investidores e os setores capitalistas, sobretudo e prioritariamente.This study aims to analyze the Growth Acceleration Program (in Portuguese, PAC), which has generated large-scale development transformations in Brasil, modifying territorial, political, economic and social structures. Through this study, it was understood how the Brazilian State elaborates its economic and political strategies, as well as territories appropriation, development and incorporation. In Brazil it was experienced several territorial policies concerning infrastructure and agrarian reform during the twentieth century, which led to a significant expansion in the territorial scope, in general, and in the Amazonian territory, specifically. In general context, these actions characterize Brazilian current configuration, as far as social, economic, political, regional and territorial. The main objective consisted in analyzing PAC effects in Brazilian territory based on construction of hydroelectric plants in the Amazon, considering those interventions as the materialization of Lula and Dilma governments then understand developmentalism as a strategy for the advancement and implementation of government actions. It was formulated as specific objectives: a) To analyze, from the perspective of developmentalism, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2002-2010) and Dilma Roussef (2011-2014) governments actions, identifying their main political and administrative characteristics; b) To assess the construction of hydroelectric plants in the Amazon as PAC 1 and 2 projects as case study and to understand its relation with the growth of the national electrical sector and the Brazilian economic development; c) To identify the main economic and political agents involved in the construction of PAC hydroelectric plants in the Brazilian Amazon; d) To evaluate PAC 1 and 2 at the local, state and national levels, under energy infrastructure bias, analyzing periodic reports published by the Government against the fieldwork and information of research and social movements; e) To elaborate a PAC territorial synthesis grounded on the information and data investigated to identify the differences in the execution of works in accordance with the interests of the Government allied to large companies and economic agents. The methodology employed in this work sought to build the analytical instruments mobilized during the study: bibliographic survey, the methodological steps, the variables, the indicators, temporal and spatial delimitations and how results have been analyzed. It can be precisely said that the thesis with which we responded the research problem is that PAC is a territorial policy. In turn, this policy does not meet the needs of this territory, which are social, economic and environmental. Therefore, within the developmental and liberal molds, overall it benefits (unlike attending) the investing groups and the capitalist sectors, especially and, as a matter of priority.
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Souza, Patrícia Aparecida Pereira. "A privatização e descentralização do setor elétrico nacional frente à política ambiental brasileira: uma abordagem sociológica do caso das Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas (PCHs)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-23082016-140628/.
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A onda de recessão econômica e de desaceleração do crescimento da década de 80, aliada à crise política e financeira vivenciada pelos Estados Nacionais na A.L., abriu terreno para que concepções neoliberais permeassem as decisões ligadas aos investimentos necessários em infra-estrutura. O Brasil, do Governo Collor ao FHC (1990 à 2002), seguiu esta orientação e, por meio dela, permitiu que vários segmentos dos serviços essenciais se tornassem passíveis de privatização e descentralização, dentre eles, o setor elétrico que foi reestruturado. Dado o contexto supra, este estudo visa analisar, sob um prisma sociológico e da geografia humana, o ressurgimento das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas no cenário nacional, intentando dar pistas da efetividade da política ambiental brasileira quando da implantação e recuperação destas usinas. Trata-se de examinar quais mecanismos político-institucionais permitem que o bem público, representado pelos recursos hídricos, possa ser apropriado para responder às necessidades de natureza privada, e como as necessidades sócio-ambientais imbricadas são contempladas nesse processo. É apresentado um estudo de caso para trazer à tona, por um micro recorte, a implantação de pequenos aproveitamentos hidrelétricos no qual a necessidade expansionista do setor reitera um padrão de excludência social e pouca efetividade decisória dos agentes sociais afetados.The 80\'s wave of economic recession and decelerated development, allied to political and financial crises experienced by Latin American National States, opened field to a spread-out of classic conceptions through decisions connected to necessary infra-structure investments. Brazil followed this orientation, from Collor to FHC (1990 to 2002), and allowed many essential service segments to become liable of privatization and decentralization, among them, the electric sector, which was re-structured. Considering this context, this study aims to analyze under sociological and human geographical viewpoints, the resurgence of Small Hydroelectric Power Plants on the national scenery, intending to give cues of the Brazilian environmental policy effectiveness, by the time of these plants implantation and recovery. It concerns of examining which are the political-institutional mechanisms that allow the public welfare, represented by hydrous resources, to be convenient to private nature demands, and how the involved social-environmental demands are analyzed on this process. A case study is presented in order to bring-up, through a short brief, the implantation of small hydroelectric plants, where the growing necessity of the sector, reaffirms a pattern of social exclusion and few conclusive effectiveness of the affected social agents.
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Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de. "Metodos de pontos interiores aplicados ao problema de pre-despacho de um sistema hidroeletrico com manobras programadas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306750.
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Orientador: Aurelio Ribeiro Leite de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho os métodos de pontos interiores primal-dual são utilizados para minimizar os custos e perdas na geração e transmissão do pré-despacho de fluxo de potência com corrente contínua (DC) em um sistema hidroelétrico com manobras previamente programadas. É realizado também o estudo da estrutura matricial desse problema e a alteração que ela impõe ao sistema. Uma função desenvolvida em Matlab que controla as manobras é exibida, e é adaptada na implementação de pontos interiores que não considera manobras, previamente desenvolvida. É realizada uma discussão sobre sua eficiência e algumas melhorias são propostas. É importante salientar que do ponto de vista computacional, o esforço por iteração para se resolver um problema com e sem manobras é semelhante, os motivos pelos quais isso ocorre também serão discutido nesse trabalho. Resultados computacionais com sistemas testes da IEEE e sistemas reais brasileiros comprovam esta afirmação
Abstract: In this work, the prima-dual interior point methods are used to minimize the DC predispatch generation and transmission costs on hydroeletric systems with previously scheduled maneuver. A study of the matrix structure is also performed considering the changes that occurs in the system after maneuvering. A function, developed in Matlab that controls the maneuver is shown and is adapted in the implementation of interior point methods already developed for the problem without maneuvers. It is important to stress that the computational effort to solve a problem with maneuver is close to the effort for solving the problem without it, the reason for it will be discussed ih this work. Computer results with test systems of the IEEE and real Brazilian systems reinforce this statement
Mestrado
Matematica Aplicada
Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
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Gomes, Leandro Costa Ferreira 1986. "Estudo da conexão da usina de Belo Monte ao SIN através da alternativa de transmissão em meia onda." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259505.
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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Pereira da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O presente trabalho está inserido num contexto de busca de novas fontes de energia elétrica e de aproveitamento de grandes potenciais energéticos localizados distantes dos principais centros de carga. Para estes, alternativas não convencionais de transmissão também são exigidas, nas quais se insere a transmissão em linhas de pouco mais de meio comprimento de onda, distância de pouco mais de 2500km no sistema brasileiro à 60Hz. Como este tipo de transmissão nunca foi implementado, trata-se de uma proposta inovadora, pouco explorada e que exige ensaios elementares para testar-se a viabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens frente a outras alternativas de transmissão de energia elétrica. Esta dissertação visa investigar alguns aspectos referentes à tal método de transmissão de grandes montantes de potência em distintos cenários de interligação entre as regiões Norte e Sudeste do Brasil do SIN (sistema interligado nacional). Três distintos corredores compostos por linhas de pouco mais de meio comprimento de onda foram ensaiados. Inseridos conectando a usina de Belo Monte no Pará a Assis-SP na rede de 500kV, percorrendo 2664 km. Cada um dos corredores é composto por: três linhas de 800 kV e 4846 MW de potência característica (SIL); um segundo com duas das mesmas linhas de 800kV e um terceiro com duas linhas de 1000 kV e 8100 MW de potência característica. Cada aspecto é ensaiado em seis diferentes situações de carregamento do SIN e de fluxo de potência pelo corredor, abrangendo cenários de alto, médio e baixo carregamento das linhas assim como mudanças no sentido do fluxo entre Norte e Sudeste. Dentre os aspectos abordados estão: a avaliação e redução das perdas manipulando a potência característica operacional das linhas; o controle do carregamento do corredor através do uso de transformadores defasadores não convencionais; a inserção de cargas e geração em pontos intermediários deste e o controle do fluxo de potência reativa. Por fim, o estudo não aborda aspectos transitórios e é realizado com o auxílio do ANAREDE, software elaborado pelo CEPEL
Abstract: This work is placed in a search for new sources of power and exploitation of large energy potential located far from major load centers. For the second scenarios, alternate non-conventional transmission are also required, in which half wavelength transmission lines are inserted, resulting in a distance of just over 2500km for the 60Hz brazilian electrical system. Since this type of transmission has never been implemented, it is an innovative solution and few explored, requiring elementary studies to test the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages compared to other alternatives for bulk electric power transmission. This thesis aims to investigate some aspects related to such transmission method for large amounts of power into distinct scenarios of interconnection between the North and Southeast of Brazil's SIN (Brazilian National grid). Corridors consisting of three distinct lines of just over half wavelength were tested. Inserted connecting Belo Monte hydro power plant in Para to Assis in São Paulo through the 500kV network, covering 2664 km, each corridor is composed: by three lines of 800 kV and 4846 MW of Surge Load Impedance (SIL), the second one by two of the same 800kV lines and a third by two lines of 1000 kV and 8100 MW SIL. Each aspect is tested in six different SIN load situations and power flowing through the corridor, covering scenarios of high, medium and low lines loading as well as changes in flow direction between North and Southeast. Among the issues tackled are: evaluation and reduction of losses by manipulating operating lines SIL; line load controlling using non-conventional phase shift transformers; inserting loads and generation at intermediate points of the lines and control of reactive power flow. Finally, the study does not handle with transient aspects and is accomplished with the aid of ANAREDE, software developed by CEPEL
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Dushnisky, Kelvin Paul Michael. "An adaptive impact monitoring and management strategy for resource development projects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26251.
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This thesis advances a conceptual model of adaptive impact monitoring that is designed to overcome many of the criticisms plaguing conventional monitoring strategies. The potential for applying the adaptive model is demonstrated for the Peace River Site C dam proposed for northeastern British Columbia.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has progressed considerably from its early biophysical orientation to a more comprehensive, interdisciplinary process concerned with the breadth of environmental and socio-economic impacts of development. Impact monitoring, an essential EIA component, has also progressed but in a less innovative fashion. Consequently, conventional monitoring strategies often contain significant deficiencies including insufficient use of past experience, poor monitoring design, and failure to recognize the learning opportunity offered by each project.
Adaptive impact monitoring offers significant advantages over traditional strategies. An adaptive strategy is based on a series of impact hypotheses established and tested by an interdisciplinary design team and has two fundamental stages: design and evaluation.
A review of the potential environmental impacts of hydroelectric production indicates that the reservoir impact paradigm is beginning to provide a comprehensive basis for assessing development effects. Although the Site C EIA adequately reflects the reservoir impact paradigm, it has three significant weaknesses. First, the potential impacts on downstream ecology and distant downstream users are ill-considered. Second, the potential for increased Site C fisheries parasitism is neglected. Finally, estimates of maximum sustainable yield for the Site C reservoir and Peace River fisheries are unreliable.
While opportunities for future impact monitoring were recognized through the Site C panel hearings, they lacked flexibility. The potential impacts on downstream water temperature and fisheries resources are used to illustrate the applicability of the adaptive strategy and the advantages derived from collecting only relevant, statistically credible data to permit testing impact hypotheses in a cost-effective manner. On the basis of these findings, six major policy recommendations are provided for improving the effectiveness of impact monitoring and management for future resource developments.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
46
Rampazzo, Priscila Cristina Berbert 1984. "Planejamento hidrelétrico : otimização multiobjetivo e abordagens evolutivas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260592.
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Orientadores: Akebo Yamakami, Fabricio Oliveira de FrançaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O Planejamento da Operação de Sistemas Hidrelétricos é um problema de otimização de grande porte, dinâmico, estocástico, interconectado e não-linear. Várias funções objetivo podem ser utilizadas na representação dos diferentes aspectos do problema. Neste trabalho foram propostas quatro abordagens para a resolução e estudo do problema. As propostas são baseadas em duas Metaheurísticas Evolutivas - Algoritmos Genéticos e Evolução Diferencial - e consideram o problema com as formulações Monobjetivo e Multiobjetivo. Os métodos trabalham simultaneamente com um conjunto de soluções, realizando exploração e explotação do espaço de busca. Com foco principal na Otimização Multiobjetivo, o intuito é encontrar um conjunto de soluções, obtidas em uma única rodada do algoritmo, que possam agregar explicitamente os diferentes critérios do problema. Os algoritmos propostos foram aplicados em vários testes com usinas pertencentes ao Sistema Hidrelétrico Brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as abordagens propostas podem ser efetivamente aplicadas ao problema de Planejamento Hidrelétrico, fornecendo soluções alternativas e eficientes. Este trabalho é uma contribuição tanto para o Problema de Planejamento Hidrelétrico, com a proposição de métodos de resolução que permitem a análise de vários aspectos do problema, quanto para a Computação Evolutiva, com a aplicação das técnicas em um problema importante e real
Abstract: The Operation Planning of Hydroelectric Systems is a large, dynamic, stochastic, interconnected and nonlinear optimization problem. Several objective functions can be used in the representation of different aspects of the problem. In this work we proposed four approaches for the study and resolution of the problem. The proposals are based on two Evolutionary Metaheuristics - Genetic Algorithms and Differential Evolution - and consider the problem with single and multiobjective formulations. The methods work simultaneously with a set of solutions in order to perform exploration and exploitation of the search space. With main focus on Multiobjective Optimization, the intent is to find a set of solutions, obtained in a single round of the algorithm, which can explicitly add the different criteria of the problem. The proposed algorithms were applied to several tests with plants belonging to the Brazilian Hydropower System. The achieved results indicate that the proposed approaches can be effectively applied to the Hydropower Planning, providing efficient and alternative solutions. This work is a contribution so much to the Problem of Hydropower Planning, with the proposition of resolution methods that allow the analysis of various aspects of the problem, as for the Evolutionary Computation, with the application of the techniques in a real and important problem
Doutorado
Automação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
47
Barrientos, Mujica Luis Germán. "Benefícios associados à operação coordenada do sistema interligado nacional junto com as usinas binacionais de Corpus e Yacyretá = Benefits associated with the coordinated operation of the Brazilian national interconnected system along with the binational hydro plants of Corpus and Yacyretá." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259878.
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Orientadores: Secundino Soares Filho, Monica de Souza ZambelliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do impacto da operação das usinas hidrelétricas brasileiras que compõem o Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) sobre as usinas hidrelétricas binacionais de Corpus e Yacyretá. Alguns dos benefícios que apresentam a interligação elétrica e a integração energética entre os países integrantes do MERCOSUL podem ser um maior aproveitamento do potencial hidráulico, a redução do custo da eletricidade, o aproveitamento da energia excedente, entre outros. Foram considerados dois estudos de caso com dados oficiais do Programa Mensal da Operação (PMO) do SIN referentes a setembro de 2011, considerando o planejamento da expansão do parque gerador e da transmissão até dezembro de 2015. As soluções foram fornecidas pelo modelo ODIN (Otimização do Despacho Interligado Nacional), uma abordagem baseada em otimização determinística e não linear com vazões previstas e atualizadas a cada intervalo de tempo, no que se denomina Modelo de Controle Preditivo (MCP). Dessa forma é possível uma representação detalhada e individualizada das usinas hidrelétricas do sistema, viabilizando a análise pretendida. A avaliação do desempenho do sistema nos estudos de caso se deu através de simulação sobre 64 cenários históricos, considerando a série histórica de vazões de 1931 a 1998. Existem cenários em que a operação coordenada concentrou benefícios nas usinas brasileiras, e cenários em que a operação coordenada concentrou benefícios nas usinas binacionais. Porém, considerando a geração hidrelétrica média total, foi obtido um aumento de geração de 12,27 MW médios, ou 107.485,2 MWh por ano, o que significa que operando de maneira coordenada haverá um ganho de cerca de R$ 10.748.520,00 por ano, considerando um valor médio de 100 R$/MWh
Abstract: This work presents an assessment of the impact of the operation of the hydro power plants that comprise the Brazilian National Interconnected System (SIN) over the binational hydro power plants of Corpus and Yacyretá. Some of the benefits that arise from the electrical interconnection and the energy integration between the countries members of MERCOSUL may be a better exploitation of the hydraulic potential, a reduction of the cost of electricity, and the utilization of surplus energy, among others. Two case studies using official data from the Monthly Operation Program (PMO) of SIN referred to September 2011 were considered, taking into consideration the generation and transmission expansion plan until December 2015. The solutions were provided by the ODIN model, an operation approach based on deterministic and nonlinear optimization with forecasted inflows, and updated at each time interval, which is known as Model Predictive Control (MPC). By this way, a detailed and individualized representation of the hydro plants of the system is possible, allowing the required analysis. The performance evaluation of the system in the case studies were calculated through the simulation over 64 historical scenarios, taking into consideration the historical inflow records from 1931 to 1998. There were hydrological scenarios where the coordinated operation concentrates benefits in the Brazilian hydro plants, and scenarios where the coordinated operation concentrates benefits on the binational plants. However, considering the total average hydroelectric generation, an increase on generation of 12,27 MW was obtained, or 107.485,2 MWh per year, which means that operating the system on a coordinated way there will be a benefit of approximately R$ 10.748.520,00 per year, considering an average value of energy of 100 R$/MWh
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
48
Hidalgo, Ieda Geriberto 1976. "Ferramentas e metodologia para consolidação de dados de usinas hidreletricas brasileiras." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260214.
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Orientadores: Secundino Soares Filho, João Eduardo Gonçalves Lopes, Marcelo Augusto CicognaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta ferramentas e procedimentos para a consolidação de dados de usinas hidrelétricas brasileiras. O objetivo é melhorar a qualidade dos dados que servem como entrada aos modelos computacionais utilizados no planejamento e na programação da operação energética. Como ferramentas de suporte à aplicação da metodologia, são descritos: o gerenciador de dados HydroData, o construtor de consultas HydroConsulta e o simulador da operação de usinas hidrelétricas HydroSim. A seqüência de procedimentos está dividida em duas etapas: análise da coerência da base de dados e consolidação efetiva das funções. No estudo de caso a metodologia foi aplicada a uma usina hidrelétrica que faz parte do Sistema Interligado Nacional e cuja operação está sob a coordenação e controle do Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico. A fim de avaliar os procedimentos, foram feitos estudos de reprodução da operação hidrelétrica, para o curtíssimo e curto prazo, alternando dados oficiais e dados consolidados de acordo com a técnica apresentada. Os resultados mostram que a melhoria da qualidade dos dados, obtida com a aplicação da metodologia proposta, aproxima a operação simulada da operação real. Dessa forma, ela contribui para a eficiência, confiabilidade e análise de desempenho dos modelos computacionais em uso no setor elétrico brasileiro.
Abstract: This work presents tools and procedures for the data consolidation from Brazilian hydroelectric plants. The objective is to improve the quality of the input data to the computational models used in the mid and short term operation planning. As support tool to the application of the methodology, are described: the data manager HydroData, the queries builder HydroConsulta and the simulator of the hydroelectric plants operation HydroSim. The procedures sequence is divided into two steps: analysis of the database coherency and effective consolidation of the functions. In the case study the methodology was applied to a hydroelectric plant which is part of the National Interconnected System and whose operation is under the coordination and control of the Independent System Operator. In order to evaluate the procedures, were made studies of hydroelectric operation reproduction, to the mid and short term, alternating official data and consolidated data in accordance with the technique presented. The results show that the improvement of the data quality, obtained with the application of the proposed methodology, brings the simulated and real operation closer. This way, it contributes to the efficiency, reliability and performance analysis of the computational models in use in the Brazilian electric sector.
Doutorado
Energia Eletrica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
49
Colnago, Glauber Renato. "Contribuição para a otimização de turbinas em usinas hidrelétricas : especificação e operação." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264446.
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Orientador: Paulo de Barros CorreiaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Segundo cenários de previsões, a demanda de energia elétrica no Brasil tende a continuar crescendo, implicando na necessidade de se aumentar a oferta de energia através da instalação de novas usinas. Além disto, mostra-se importante a repotenciação de usinas existentes, pois se trata de uma alternativa de custos reduzidos para expandir a oferta de energia e a adequada operação das usinas. Baseado nisto, propõe-se duas metodologias para a otimização do potencial hidrelétrico. A primeira é a especificação de turbinas hidráulicas para usinas em construção, ou em repotenciação. A segunda metodologia diz respeito à operação de usinas em uma base diária, podendo tratar unidades geradoras (turbina-gerador) com diferentes curvas de eficiência, coordenando a maximização da eficiência na geração da energia com a minimização do número de partidas e paradas dessas unidades. Para esta última metodologia, como os objetivos são conflitantes, pode-se obter diversas soluções de despacho com características de manobras de unidades e eficiência diferentes, que podem ser quantificadas para se chegar à solução mais adequada de acordo com o preço da energia e estimativas de custos de manobras. Com relação à primeira metodologia, sabe-se que, geralmente, instala-se o mesmo tipo de turbina em todas as unidades geradoras, porém cada usina possui um regime de operação, o que motiva as seguintes questões: utilizar diferentes tipos de curvas de efi- ciência em uma usina pode trazer melhorias técnicas e econômicas? Quais formatos de curvas de eficiência seriam adequados para quais regimes de operação? A primeira metodologia, portanto, faz a escolha de perfis de curvas de eficiência de forma a maximizar a geração. Comparou-se curvas de eficiência características de turbinas Kaplan e Hélice. Os resultados mostram que, com operação adequada, pode-se chegar a patamares de eficiência com turbinas Hélice superiores às Kaplan, e o primeiro tipo possui a vantagem de ter menor custo. Ambos os problemas foram formulados como modelos matemáticos não lineares inteiros mistos e resolvidos com técnicas de algoritmos genéticos
Abstract: According to forecasts, the electric energy demand in Brazil will be increased, showing the necessity to increase the electric capacity by building new power plants. Moreover, the repowering of the existent power plants and an appropriate power plants operation are important. In this context, we propose two methodologies to optimize hydroelectric power plants potential. The first methodology is the specification of hydroelectric turbines to new hydro power plants, or to plants to be repowered. The second methodology is related to the power plants diarly operation and it considers generation units with different efficiency curves. It is a model with the objectives of maximizing the plant efficiency and minimizing the generation units start up and shut down. For this last methodology, there were obtained some different solutions, with different characteristics of efficiency and different number of generation units start up and shut down. Those solutions can be qualified according to the electric energy price and costs of the status changes, with the objective to choose the most advantageous solution. In respect to the first methodology, it is known that, generally, the same configuration of turbines is installed into all generation units. However, every hydroelectric power plant has a different operation system. Therefore, the present thesis proposes to address the following question: Is it an advantageous option to choose different configuration of turbines in a same power plant? Which design of turbine efficiency curves would be ideal for each operation system? The first methodology chose turbine efficiency curves designs to optimize the electric energy efficiency. Kaplan and Propeller turbine efficiency curves were compared. The results show that, with an appropriate operation, it is possible to obtain higher efficiency level with Propeller when compared to Kaplan, and the first turbine has the advantage of lower costs. Both methodology were formulated as mixed integer non-linear mathematical models and are solved with genetic algorithms techniques
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
50
Yagui, Mirian Midori Peres. "Museus e patrimônio industrial: um estudo sobre a musealização do setor elétrico no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/103/103131/tde-06022015-153522/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre o processo de musealização do patrimônio industrial do setor elétrico no estado de São Paulo. Com base na abordagem dos conceitos de musealização, patrimônio industrial e comunicação museológica, e por meio da realização de pesquisa empírica, discutimos como ocorre o processo de musealização do patrimônio do setor elétrico, analisando museus situados nas proximidades de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas construídas entre 1890 e 1960. Nesse contexto, delineamos aspectos museográficos desses museus, compreendendo como se deu a inserção dos bens culturais do setor elétrico em seus acervos e como esses bens são comunicados, com base nos dados fornecidos pelos sujeitos envolvidos em todo esse processo. Analisamos, também, a influência que as companhias proprietárias das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas abordadas nesse estudo exercem nesse processo de musealização.This research presents the study on the process of industrial heritage musealization of electric sector in São Paulo state. Based on the concepts of musealization, industrial heritage and museological communication, and by conducting empirical research, we discussed how the electric sector heritage musealization has been treated in São Paulo state by conducting field works at museums located in regions with hydroelectric power plants built between 1890 and 1960. In this context, we outline museographic aspects of these museums, trying to understand how it did the inclusion of the electric sector heritage objects in their collections and how they are communicated, based on data provided by the subjects involved in this process. Also we analyze the influence of hydroelectric power plants proprietary companies in this musealization process.