Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques oxygénés'
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Albinet, Alexandre. "Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et leurs dérivés nitrés et oxygénés dans l'air ambiant : caractérisation physico-chimique et origine." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120588.
Full textRinguet, Johany. "Dérivés oxygénés et nitrés des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (OHAP/NHAP) en phase particulaire : granulométrie et devenir dans l’atmosphère (formation/dégradation)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14504/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations are regulated in ambient air because of theirmutagenic and carcinogenic properties. They are largely emitted by combustion processes and may react withmain atmospheric oxidants to form oxygenated (OPAH) and nitrated (NPAH) derivatives, which can be moretoxic than their parent PAHs. In this work, PAH derivatives were studied using the combination of twocomplementary approaches: laboratory reactivity experiments in controlled conditions and field studies, inorder to better understand their source and fate in the atmosphere. Reactivity study of PAHs adsorbed onnatural particles was carried out by exposing ambient particles to atmospheric oxidants (O3, OH and NO2/O3)in appropriate reactors. Large decays of PAH concentrations were observed, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, which isthe only regulated PAH in Europe), appearing as the most reactive. The formation of OPAHs and NPAHs wasshowed. Nevertheless, quantities of both NPAHs and OPAHs formed were not sufficient to explain the totalamount of PAHs that react, highlighting the formation of other compounds, not detected in this work. PAHdegradation may occur in the atmosphere during the transport of air masses or directly on the filter during thesampling. The study of the major degradation processes was performed during field studies, using two highvolume samplers, one being equipped with an ozone scrubber. Even if, results were not enough to clearlyconclude about the relative importance of both degradation processes, the significant formation of some PAHderivatives on the sampling filter was observed. Then, field campaigns were led on different typologies ofsampling sites around Paris. PAH, OPAH and NPAH concentrations were about ten times higher at traffic sitethan at the suburban one. Moreover, for both OPAHs and PAHs, the major compounds were similar at bothsites, in contrary to the case of NPAHs that appeared different. The traffic site appeared strongly influenced byprimary emissions, whereas high amounts of secondary species were quantified at suburban site. Particle sizedistribution of OPAHs and NPAHs showed their strong association to the finest part of aerosols (Dp < 2.5 μm),highlighting the strong interest of this study considering sanitary impacts. Finally, the study of the particle sizedistribution of primary and/or secondary identified compounds, combined with chemical NPAH and OPAHprofiles, allowed to provide indications about the major origin of PAH derivatives in the atmosphere
Sood, Kanika. "Combustion des nouveaux biocarburants : étude de la formation des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques Oxygénés (HAPOs) et les petites particules de suie (<10 nm)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR088.pdf.
Full textBiofuels and other biomass-derived chemicals are now considered as a vital part of sustainable energy portfolio, where they promise to contribute to our society’s energy security. Despite the undeniable interest presented by these biofuels, their combustion processes are likely to enhance the formation of OPAHs (Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) which may eventually contribute to the formation of soot, and may as well profoundly modify its properties. The work carried out in this thesis focused on the identification and quantification of the oxygenated aromatics formed during the combustion of a lignin-based biofuel in flame conditions. Laminar premixed flames of anisole (surrogate model compound for biomass) and hydrocarbon fuel blends (iso-octane and methane) have been investigated using Advanced Gas Chromatography. In this context, we implemented a sample enrichment technique (sample pre-concentration trap) with a set of in situ and ex situ chromatographic analysis (1D GC-MS, 1D GC-SPT-FID and 2D GC-MS) which enabled us to identify a large panel of different oxygenated (~100) aromatics. These results were then used to analyze the fuel decomposition pathways that lead to the formation of OPAHs. Together with identification, this thesis provides a detailed quantitative experimental database in terms of the evolution of the mole fraction with respect to the flame height for several oxygenated and associated non-oxygenated aromatics. Other biofuels like 2,5-DMF and ethanol were also studied and experimental results showed that the different molecular structures of biofuels lead to significant differences in the formation of intermediate species and pollutants. This work also highlights crucial information concerning the amount and the size of soot particles formed in such flames using LII and SMPS. Preliminary results from soot measurements indicate that the soot particle size in these flames is very small (<10 nm)
Shahla, Roya. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation cinétique de l’oxydation de biocarburants : impact sur les émissions de polluants (carbonylés et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques)." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2043.
Full textThe transport sector is subject to strict regulations aiming at limiting pollutants emissions. Biofuels have received particular attention as alternative fuel or additive to traditional fuels for remedying two issues: the depletion of fossil resources and emissions of certain pollutants. In this work we studied the impact of blending conventional fuels with synthetic or oxygenated biofuels on the emissions of non-regulated pollutants, namely carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on soot. Firstly, the carbonyl compounds emissions were studied using an internal combustion engine. The carbonyls were collected at the exhaust of a diesel engine running with biofuel blends and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Secondly, the impact of blending the conventional fuel with oxygenated biofuels on soot formation and adsorbed PAHs were studied using a flat flame burner under well stabilized conditions. This work was completed by the study of the kinetics of oxidation of three oxygenated additives in a jet-stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure, over the temperature range 530-1280 K and for different equivalence ratios (0.5-4). The concentration profiles of reactants, products and main stable intermediates were obtained by probe sampling and gas analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas phase chromatography. These results were then compared to simulated species concentration profiles obtained using oxidation kinetic models available from the literature
Dauvergne, Guillaume. "Hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques et chiralité : synthèse et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/220114_DAUVERGNE_514pegpm797ly207jyhru699kmoiq_TH.pdf.
Full textIn this manuscript, we describe how we have developed the chemistry of aryne atropisomers with an ortho reactive triple bond to the stereogenic axis. These reaction intermediates are easily generated in situ and react in enantiospecific manners, and allow the synthesis of novel atropisomers. In particular, we describe the generation and applications of a synthetic equivalent of a BINOL-derived bis(aryne) atropisomer, as well as the semi-experimental measurement of the reaction barrier of such arynes in the presence of a standard arynophile. At the end of the manuscript, we describe our efforts to develop a synthetic approach to two regioisomers triple helices
Van, Grevenynghe Julien. "Effets des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques sur les cellules hématopoïétiques : contribution à leur potentiel carcinogène et immunotoxique." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1B063.
Full textBesnier, Marie-Annick. "Les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques dans les viandes et lespoissons fumés." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT405P.
Full textSaas, Philippe. "Mécanisme d'action de l'immunotoxicité induite par les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Saas.Philippe.SMZ9736.pdf.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitus environmental contaminants know to be carcinogenic as well as immunosuppressive. Using as PAH the synthetic compound 7. 12-dimetthylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) that is well characterised for its immunotoxicity in mice, we study DMBA interaction with T lymphocyte activation focusing mainly on calcium homeostasis. DMBA induces an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ic) in murine T lymphocytes and also human T lymphocytes. This Ca2+ic elevation is detected early in murine T cells whereas this augmentation is observed later in human T cells. In murine T lymphocytes, DMBA induced calcium elevation follows tyrosine kinase activation and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate production. This leads to calcium depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, DMBA also blocks extracellular calcium entry. Thus, reduction of calcium mobilisation by DMBA is responsible to altered T cell proliferation in response to mitogens. In the second part of this study, we have defined the structural requirements for suppression of murine T lymphocyte activation by DMBA using two benz(a)anthracene monomethylated derivatives, 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene (7MBA) and 12-methylbenz(a)anthracene (12MBA). We show that DMBA is the more active for suppressing T cell activation. Like its two derivatives, DMBA inhibits molecular events that lead to G0 toG1 transition of the cell cycle (il-2 production, high affinity il-2 receptor expression). However, only DMBA interferes with G1 to S transition by inhibiting il-2 dependent proliferation. The methyl in position 12 is necessary to modify calcium homeostasis in murine T lymphocytes, since 12 MBA acts in the same way as DMBA unlike 7MBA which does not increase Ca2+ic. Finally, immunosuppression of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and murine splenocytes is compared following DMBA in vitro exposure. NK cytotoxicity, T cell proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction and function are affected by DMBA whatever the origin of the cells (human or murine) despite a different mechanism of DMBA with calcium homeostasis in murine and human cells
Fournier, Jeannine. "Adsorption des hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques sur des solides donneurs d'electrons." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066168.
Full textFournier, Jeanine. "Adsorption des hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques sur des solides donneurs d'électrons." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605174d.
Full textSaas, Philippe Pallardy Marc. "MECANISME D'ACTION DE L'IMMUNOTOXICITE INDUITE PAR LES HYDROCARBURES POLYCYCLIQUES AROMATIQUES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Saas.Philippe.SMZ9736.pdf.
Full textJouannin, Frédéric Barna Radu. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=jouannin.
Full textVerrhiest, Ghislaine. "Toxicité de sédiments d'eau douce contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs)." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS018.
Full textBuco, Stéphanie. "Métrologie de la contamination des sols par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30098.
Full textThe Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are proven to be major pollutants because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. These compounds raised up many "on-site" or laboratory methods developments. The in situ methods are used for a rapid screening of contaminated soils and can be completed by laboratory analyses to give more accuracy. The aim of this study was to develop new methods with the minimization of the "on-site" and laboratory methods drawbacks which are respectively low accuracy, cost and analysis time. It appears from our laboratory study that the Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Cpp-GC/MS) is an efficient alternative method for the PAHs determination. We obtained similar results compared to classical methods, with short operating time and without solvent consumption. The in situ methodology is based on a "on-site" extractor, developed during this work and UV spectrophotometric measurements (Pastel-UV). This methodology has proved to be a fast, quantitative and qualitative screening of contaminated soils by PAHs. The results show that our "on-site" extractor is more efficient than the usual "hand shaking" methods. A correlation was established between laboratory and "on-site" results to near to real PAHs concentration
Quelven, Emmanuelle. "Mise au point d'un dosage immuno-enzymatique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30122.
Full textBouchez, Murielle. "La biodegradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : metabolisme de substrats non conventionnels." Massy, ENSIA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EIAA0048.
Full textGrova, Nathalie. "Transfert et métabolisme des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques chez le ruminant laitier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL086N.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are lipophilic, persistant and ubiquitous compounds in the environment. Exposed fodder becomes a PAHs route for lactating ruminants. A first experiment was aimed to evaluate the influence of feeding system on PAHs levels in cows' milk. The results showed that grass generals a more important PAHs exposition than maize fodder. A second experiment was focused on PAHs transfer from feed to milk in controlled conditions. Among the 16 PAHs of the US-EPA list, only light compounds with less than 5 aromatic rings were detected in milk. Their transfer levels decreased from 30 % to 1 %
Crespo, Alexia. "Présence et sources des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans le Bassin d'Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13981/document.
Full textAbstract
Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10268.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Residential heating, vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke and industrial activities are the main sources of P AH in the environ ment. Sorne of these PAH are suspected or known carcinogens to humans like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which causes DNA damage. Most studies focused on the effect of individual P AH whereas human exposure al ways occurs through complex mixtures. This work aims at evaluating the modulation in vitro of the genotoxicity of P AH in mixtures, using in a cellular model of human hepatocytes (HepG2). To achieve this goal, biomarkers of genotoxicity such as the cornet assay measuring DNA strand breaks, and the HPLC/MS/MS measurement of DNA adducts of BPDE, the most reactive BaP metabolite, were chosen. Ln a first step, DNA damage induced by BaP as a pure compound or in binary mixture with other particulate P AH were investigated in order to higltlight the mode of interaction between these compounds. This study was then extended, in one hand to real atmospheric mixtures collected in the environment or inside industrial plants, and in another hand to the reconstructed corresponding particulate P AH fraction. Ln a last more applied part, suitability of those in vitro tests for the monitoring of the genotoxic risk associated with ambient air. This work emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between compounds, as well as the necessity to use mathematical modelling as a tool in the assessment of human health hazards posed by exposure to ambient air
Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456384.
Full textJouannin, Frédéric. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the mobility of PAH contained in a polluted industrial soil. After having established the physical and chemical features of the soil, the various lixiviation tests have revealed that both dissolved and particulate pollutants were concerned by the mobility of PAH. In spite of a heavy pollution of the soil, the release of dissolved PAH is limited particularly when the temperature during lixiviation is about 15°C. On the opposite, the release is quite significant when the particulate part is taken into account. The study revealed that the release of the dissolved part is regular, even with time whereas is temporary. It occurs when ionic strength of the leaching is low enough and it ends when there is no more particulate PAH in the soil
Perraudin, Emilie. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) adsorbés sur des particules modèles d'intérêt atmosphérique : mesures cinétiques, développements analytiques et analyse des produits d'oxydation." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12919.
Full textEom, Ig-Chum. "Ecotoxicité d'un sol de cokerie contaminé par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Eom.Ig_Chun.SMZ0608.pdf.
Full textA cokery soil polluted by PAHs was assessed for its toxicity and genotoxicity to soil and aquatic organisms. Total mean 16 PAH concentration was determined to 2634 241 mg/kg d. W. The heavy metals were in the range of the respective regional reference values. The effective concentration (EC) values based on concentration-response relationships were calculated. Toxicity of water extracts in chronic bioassays (algal growth and reproduction of C. Dubia) was high compared to acute toxicity (bacterial luminescence and daphnid viability). The Ames and Mutatox tests indicated mutagenicity of water extracts, while no response was found with the Umu test showing lower sensitivity. Germination of the tested plant species was not affected, contrary to plant growth. Fresh biomass was a more sensitive parameter than dry biomass. The results of terrestrial toxicity showed that toxic effect of contaminated soil was high, when survival and reproduction of collembola, reproduction of earthworm and survival of juvenile earthworm were measured. Different concentrations of the contaminated soil mixed with the artificial ISO or loamy natural soil were tested to determine influence of the control soil on toxicity. There was a significant trend that toxicity of contaminated soil was lower in the natural soil tested than in ISO, when reproduction of collembola and earthworm was studied. The transfer of PAHs from contaminated soil to biota (earthworm and plant) was inferior to 1, indicating no major problem in trophic chains. The earthworm bioaccumulation of high- molecular-weight PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings was higher than the one of low-molecular-weight PAHs with 3-4 aromatic rings
Henner, Pascale. "Phytoremédiation appliquée au traitement de sols contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_HENNER_P.pdf.
Full textJayr, Emmanuel. "Devenir des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en milieu crayeux : sorption et biodégradation." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0036.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common pollutants in the soils of former coke facilities and MGP sites. In order to understand the behavior and the fate of those compounds in chalky soils, mobility and biodegradation processes were studied using soil material sampled at different depths on a coke plant site. Sorption processes were characterized under saturated conditions for three contaminants, naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrène, with two inorganic matrices, chalk and calcium carbonate. Study of kinetic reflects a very fast process with an irreversible retention of the compound in the solid matrices. P AH's biodegradation was tested in microcosms using C 14 phenanthrene and five soils with P AH's contents ranging from 1 to 300 mg/kg of dried soil. For this compound, the mineralisation is a rapid process, without latency state, reflecting the existence of an indigenous specific micro flora in chalky soils, fitted to degrade some PAH. The accounted total soil micro flora is abundant in any sampled soil reflecting an important microbial activity (109 to 10 10 UFC/g). In relation to an aggression of naphthalene and phenanthrene, the behavior of the indigenous microbial population was characterized. Bacteria are degrading in any soil sample. For those compounds, the accounted degrading micro flora is abundant ( 105 to 109 UFC/g of dried soil) showing that de graders are ubiquitous, and reflects the presence of a biodegradation potential at all different depths. The effect of sorption processes on biodegradation was studied in microcosm using C14 naphthalene and C14 phenanthrene. For those compounds, sorption affects the biodegradation with a decrease of kinetic, reflecting a decrease of pollutant accessibility for de graders. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the sorption and biodegradation processes occurring on site can reduce the pollutant mobility in a chalky environment
Nadalig, Thierry. "Etude de la dégradation bactérienne des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques en conditions oxiques." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10524.
Full textKolasa, Élise. "Modulation des effets œstrogéniques et cytokiniques de contaminants environnementaux (hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques)." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S144.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzanthracene (BZA) are widespread environmental contaminants, exerting carcinogenic effects and endocrines disruptions. Humans are commonly exposed to these pollutants through food and tobacco smoke. The toxic effects of PAH are likely to be modulated by the cellular microenvironment, which includes – in physiological situation – hormones, cytokines, but also other toxic pollutants that humans are potentially exposed to. However, these modulations of PAH's phenotypic effects remain insufficiently characterized, and were therefore studied during this thesis. First, our work shows that the estrogenic effects of BZA are strongly modulated by the activation of the non-genomic signaling pathway protein kinase C (PKC) – however the nature of the modulation depends on targets. Second, we have demonstrated that the cytokinic microenvironment – in particular tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) – induces, in combination with BZA, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokinine that can promote tumor progression. This regulation involves the hydrocarbon receptor and the transcription factor NF-κB. In conclusion, our results indicate that the toxic effects of PAH should be assessed in fucntion of exposure conditions, in particular with a potential co-exposure to contaminants that activate PKC, or pathophysiological context, notably inflammatory conditions
Devos, Olivier. "Analyse multivariable des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques par fluorescence synchrone en milieu micellaire." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS026.
Full textFrouin, Héloïse. "Aspects immunologiques et physiologiques des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) chez Mya arenaria." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
Find full textTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 23 avril 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en océanographie. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 58-67. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Montillaud, Julien. "Évolution physico-chimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les régions de photodissociation." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1541/.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play a major role in the physics and chemistry of photodissociation regions (PDRs) in our galaxy. In these environments, the physical conditions and in particular the UV radiation field drive the evolution of PAHs. It was proposed that very small dust grains are also related to this evolution. We propose here an investigation of these evolution scenarios by combining chemical and physical studies with astrophysical studies of these species in PDRs. In this work, I present my contribution to the development of PDR modeling tools, and their application to the analysis of data obtained with the Spitzer infrared space telescope and the Herschel space observatory. New constraints are provided concerning the morphology and energetics of the reflection nebula NGC 7023. The need for a good description of PAH evolution in PDR models is emphasized. In addition, I developed a model dedicated to the study of the charge and hydrogenation states of PAHs in PDRs. It was applied to three PAHs of different sizes and showed that species containing up to 54 carbon atoms quickly loose their hydrogen atoms to form pure carbon clusters. I conclude that theoretical and experimental studies are needed to quantify the reactivity of neutral PAHs with hydrogen, the recombination of PAH cations with electrons and the dissociation of superhydrogenated species. The last part of this work is dedicated to the study of evaporating very small carbonaceous grains (eVSGs) observed in PDRs. A fitting tool for the analysis of PAH and eVSG emissions in the mid-infrared spectral domain is presented and used to connect the evaporation of eVSGs and the local UV radiation field in several PDRs. Considering PAH clusters as models for eVSGs, I computed their evaporation properties using theoretical methods based on statistical physics. I used these properties to model their evolution in astrophysical environments and showed that the properties of PAH clusters are consistent with the observational constraints. Guidelines are proposed for a simpler modeling of these species in the perspective of their inclusion in PDR models. Thanks to the Herschel observatory and to the future facilities like the JWST and SPICA space missions or the ALMA interferometer, data with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution will provide new observational constraints. Their analysis will require to further understand the physical and chemical evolution of PAH species
Montillaud, Julien. "Évolution physico-chimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les régions de photodissociation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697363.
Full textN'Diaye, Monique. "Régulation de la chimiokine CCL1 dans les macrophages humains en culture primaire par les contaminants de l'environnement : les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1B071.
Full textSt, Amour Marie. "Surveillance biologique de l'exposition aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques chez des personnes vivant aux environs d'une aluminerie québécoise." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textNGUYEN-THI, Van-Oanh. "SPECTROSCOPIE ET STABILITE DES HYDROCARBURES AROMATIQUES POLYCYCLIQUES DANS LES CONDITIONS DU MILIEU INTERSTELLAIRE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005244.
Full textFriha, Hela. "Spectroscopie des transitions électroniques des cations hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et de leurs agrégats." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112416/document.
Full textThis work is mainly an experimental study of the electronic spectroscopy of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations and their clusters in conditions close to those of the interstellar medium. The aim of this study is to obtain data that can be compared with the spectrum of the diffuse interstellar bands and to explore the properties of PAH clusters
Genies, Camille. "Génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques en melanges, une classe majeure de polluants atmosphériques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV053/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) represent a family of ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants produced upon incomplete combustion and thus present in polluted atmosphere of the cities, in cigarette smoke and in certain industries. Exposure to HAP can cause lung, skin and bladder cancers. For this reason, some PAHs are suspected or recognized carcinogenic to humans, especially Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), through their ability at inducing the formation of DNA damage after metabolization. In spite of the systematic emission of PAHs in mixtures, the majority of the studies was interested in the genotoxic effect of pure PAH and mainly B[a]P. In order to provide mechanistic data on the genotoxicity and the mode of action of PAH mixtures, we designed an in vitro study using cell lines representative of lungs (A549), bladder (T24) and liver (HepG2). DNA damage was investigated through the quantification of adducts by HPLC-MS/MS and of oxidative damage by the Comet assay. In addition, the metabolism was studied by analyzing genes induction by RT-qPCR and enzymatic activities of phase I CYP540 (EROD) and phase II (GST). First, the use of B[a] P, as a reference compound showed a quasi-total absence of metabolization and genotoxicity for T24. In contrast, the formation of DNA adducts formation and the induction of metabolization was highlighted for A549, with a bell-shaped dose-response curve similar to those observed in other lungs models. Then we extended this approach to 12 priority PAH and analyzed their metabolization and the possible formation of adducts focusing on the pulmonary cell line A549. The combination of these HAP to B[a]P in binary mixtures or in complex mixtures representative to environmental exposures led to a strong inhibition in adducts formation induced by B[a]P without outbreak of adducts from other PAH. In addition, we observed, in the case of complex mixtures, a good correlation between the EROD activity and the formation of adducts in DNA, while phase I genes were always overexpressed after exposure to mixtures when compared to pure B[a]P. The mechanisms involved in the inhibition of DNA adducts remain to be elucidated but PAHs metabolization represents a key step in the mixtures genotoxicity through inhibition or competition of CYP resulting in an inhibition of EROD activity. It is thus clear that the study of the HAP in an individual way is not sufficient to understand the genotoxicity of complex mixtures. The TEF Approach, usually used to asses the risk related to PAH mixtures exposure, relies on toxic effects additivity and ignores metabolic interactions between the various PAH. The improvement of this prediction tool is essential and involves necessarily the study of the underlying mechanisms which connect mixtures composition, their metabolization and their genotoxicity
Le, Gren Isabelle. "Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les huiles minérales : extraction, dosage et pouvoir mutagène." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10528.
Full textBasire, Marie. "Anharmonicité et spectroscopie IR de systèmes moléculaires complexes : application aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112195.
Full textThe subject of my thesis concerns a theoretical treatment of Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy of complex molecular systems. L have focussed in particular on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). These molecules are known to be present in the InterStellar Medium (ISM) on the basis of their spectral signature in the IR region. The objective of my thesis is to probe the anharmonicity of the potential energy surface of the molecular ground states and the effect on the spectral profiles. The simulated spectra are compared to experimental measurements or observations to determine if isolated PAHs exist in the ISM. The first step was to simulate the absorption and emission spectra within the microcanonical ensemble using a multicanonical Monte Carlo procedure. In order to achieve this, l had to develop an original method based on the Wang-Landau algorithm which allows a quantum anharmonic calculation of the rovibrational density of states. For a given temperature, the IR absorption spectra of a molecule can be calculated relatively simply, and the evolution of any particular spectral profile of the different rovibrational bands can be easily studied as a function of the internaI temperature of the molecule. The emission spectra generated by an IR cascade in the electronic ground state can also be simulated by a kinetic Monte Carlo process. The same theoretical scheme has enabled the multiphotonic absorption spectra of the PAHs to be compared with the absorption spectra. Finally, the PAH IR absorption spectra as a function of temperature were also simulated using ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations (Car-Parrinello method)
Van, Meteren Nettie. "Les vésicules extracellulaires dans l'hépatotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : biomarqueurs et/ou vecteurs ?" Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B018.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental toxicants, that are considered for some of them as hepatotoxicants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded nanostructures released by cells into the extracellular environment transporting biomolecules, that can reflect their cellular origin and stress. EV are now recognized as major actors of intercellular communication and as pathogenic mediators in several liver diseases. Regarding xenobiotic liver injury, EVs emerge as potential biomarkers and actors of drug induced liver injury, yet nothing is known concerning toxicant-associated liver diseases. In this context, we studied the effect of three PAH [benzo(a)pyrene (BP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA) and pyrene (PYR)] on EV release by two hepatocytes models (WIF-B9 cells and primary rat hepatocytes) and the role of those EVs in liver damages with a special focus on cell death, key characteristic of toxicant-associated liver diseases. Exposure to any three PAH led to hepatocyte death by apoptosis, EV release and modified EV content. The increase in EV production was dependent on the mechanisms responsible for PAH-induced hepatocyte apoptosis namely activation of xenobiotic receptors, membrane remodelling and oxidative stress. Those EV were capable of causing apoptosis of recipient healthy hepatocytes by a mechanism involving EV endocytosis, transfer of pro-oxidant content including iron, oxidative stress generation and lysosome membrane permeabilization
Nguyen, Thi Van Oanh. "Spectroscopie et stabilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les conditions du milieu interstellaire." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112299.
Full textThis work deals with the intramolecular dynamics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons submitted to interstellar medium conditions (isolated, rotationally cold but vibrationnally excited PAHs). Theoretical and experimental analyses of the two relaxation channels have been developed: IR emission or fragmentation. The IR absorption spectrum was obtained by classical Molecular Dynamics (on a Tight-Binding semi-empirical potential surface) coupled with the Adiabatic Switching semi-classical method in order to simulate any PAHs (even heavier than a hundred carbons). A new parametrization fitted to these aromatic systems and a quantum anharmonic DOS model were developed. This spectral simulation reproduces the main features as a function of the variables relevant to astrophysics: role of the ionization (strong change of the spectrum profile and of the total absolute intensity), temperature influence (red shift, broadening and modification of the intensity of the peaks), anharmonicity (zero point energy, frequencies), structure effects (compactness, pentagonal cycle and size). The H-loss channel, induced by photon sequential absorption, of the fluorene cation (REMPI ionization) was studied using a supersonic molecular beams and a mass spectrometer. Our original method led to the determination of the absolute absorption cross-section, its attenuation with the number of absorbed photons and of the evolution of the decay rate in a relatively large energetic range. A particular attention was focused on the data analysis techniques. A free fit of this rate is close to the PTD statistical model, but shows a strong discrepancy with the RRK model mainly at low energy. The activation energy obtained through these two models are compatible with that deduced from the Tight-Binding potential
Simon, Erwan. "Étude des mécanismes de mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques contaminants des sédiments fluviaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10150/document.
Full textThis study presents the consequences, on PAH mobility, of 3 possible actions a watercourse administrator can take while facing a contaminated sedimentary bed: no action, the opening of the canal to navigation and its dredging. In this respect, concentration rates of free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons have been obtained in the sedimentary column and in the water column by displaying passive samplers on different locations along the watercourse, one of them being exposed to navigation. A follow-up is made before, during and after the dredging of the watercourse. The impact of the age of the sedimentary matrix and of the microbiologic activity on the PAH transfer to the water column is studied through a remobilized sediment in batch experiments. It is then observed that the PAH sorption increases with the age of the matrix in one homogenous section of the sedimentary column. However, in case of a discontinuity in the matrix nature, sudden variations of free PAH concentration can occur in interstitial water. It results in a diffusion of free PAH. This PAH diffusion is even more sensitive to the water-sediment interface, on which we can observe a transfer of the PAH towards the water column. Navigation decreases the boundary layer and thus reinforces theses transfers.The dredging of the sediment bed results in a large release of free PAH in the water column. Those PAH are fixed again by the suspended material. Yet, this new fixation is frail : the PAH can be freed once more by the biodegradation of the suspended material transporting them
Le, Gren Isabelle. "Les Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les huiles minérales extraction, dosage et pouvoir mutagène /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607233k.
Full textRoy-Terre, Marianne. "Etude du récepteur Ah de la protéine "4S" liant les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609577h.
Full textBonnard, Marc. "Relations "biodisponibilité-génotoxicité-écotoxicité" des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sols de friches industrielles." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ007S/document.
Full textThe aim of this work research was to show in formerly-contaminated coking plant soils a relationship between the bioavailability of soil pollutants (PAH and/or heavy metals), their genotoxicity and their populational effects in the Eisenia fetida earthworm. This study showed that despite a similar contamination studied soils exhibited a great difference in ecotoxicity to earthworms and other terrestrial organisms (plants, springtails). Differences in ecotoxicity of soils would be attributable to bioavailability of soil pollutants which is different between soils. This study also showed that thermal desorption applied on one of the contaminated soils increased bioavailability of heavy metals. Thermal desorption would modify 1) the nature and composition of soil organic matter, 2) the speciation of heavy metals, 3) links between soil organic matter and heavy metals, rendering them more bioavailable and genotoxic to earthworms. The biological-ecotoxicological approach, which takes into consideration the bioavailability of soil pollutants, reveals to be necessary in addition of the physico-chemical approach in the evaluation of 1) risks and 2) remediation efficiency of contaminated soils. This study also showed that the measure of DNA damage in coelomocytes of earthworms is a relevant biomarker in the evaluation of genotoxicity of soil pollutants. This biomarker of genotoxicity can be used as indicator of bioavailability of soil pollutants. It revealed more sensitive than survival and as sensitive as reproduction, which are classical endpoints measured in earthworms. This biomarker of genotoxicity could be used as early indicator of physiological disturbances, even if the mechanistic link between DNA damage and effects on reproduction require further studies
Bidaud, Christine. "Biodégradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Approche microbiologique et application au traitement d'un sol pollué." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841329.
Full textPetit, Pascal. "De l'exposition professionnelle aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques à l'estimation du risque de cancers professionnels." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS025/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of organic carcinogens substances, ranked second amongst priority targeted pollutants in the environment as well as in occupational settings where around 1.6 million workers are exposed in France. Sanitary risks assessment (SRA) is paramount but remains difficult to set up considering that PAHs are always emitted in complex mixtures of gas and particles whose composition depends on emission sources.The goals of this PhD were to characterize exposures within industries (levels and chemical composition of PAHs mixtures) in order to assess the cancer risk from occupational exposure to PAHs mixtures. This work was performed using the Exporisq-HAP database (E-HAP) that gathers more than 1,700 airborne exposure data as well as 40 independent variables collected in 130 companies with the same methodology and coded by the same toxicologist for 20 years.To conduct the SRA, data were structured following two dimensions (homogeneity and description accuracy), enabling the construction of similar exposure groups (SEGs) and the descriptive analysis of the French industrial landscape. Using the benzo[a]pyrene as indicator (BaP, the most dangerous PAH), about 40% of the occupational activities (most accurate description level in E-HAP) could be considered as SEGs (geometric standard deviation ≤ 3). Adding a new description level increased this percentage to 87%. High variabilities existed between and within industries in terms of concentrations levels, chemical mixtures composition and risk (between 2 for bitumen to 500 times within foundries) caused by mono-exposure to PAHs (e.g., BaP, naphthalene…). This underlines the importance of collecting detailed information on occupational activities performed by workers to accurately describe and characterize exposures. In the second step, multi-exposures to PAHs were analyzed in terms of similar exposure function groups (SEFG based on several PAHs). Exposure functions (PAHs concentrations distributions) were used to describe the French PAHs industrial landscape, to construct markers of the multi-exposures to airborne PAHs and to perform the preliminary assessment of the cancer risk caused by these mixtures. Besides BaP, benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[ghi]perylene were found to be indicators of the multi-exposures to airborne carcinogenic PAHs, which was not the case for pyrene (gaseous and particulate forms), naphthalene and phenanthrene. SEFGs were made up of groups with the same source origin –either from products derived from coal (SEFGH) or petroleum (SEGFP). SEFGH (aluminum, silicon, carbon product, coke production, and foundry) had high concentration levels and high risk of lung cancer (between 100,000 to 1 risk to 1,000 to 1 risk to observe one additional case of lung cancer). It was different for SEGFP (engine emissions, lubricating oil, combustion, bitumen) that had between 100,000 to 1 risk to a million to 1 risk of additional lung cancer. To reduce cancer risks, risk management measures still need improvements in all SEFGH
Gateuille, David. "Rémanence et transferts des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques dans le bassin amont de la Seine." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066730.
Full textThis thesis deals with the processes of transfer and the persistence of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the upstream part of the Seine River basin. A set of more than 830 samples (atmospheric fallout, soil, suspended solids [SS] and surface water) were collected during an entire hydrological year. Chemical analyses and measurements of radionuclide activities were combined to allow the use of sediment fingerprinting methods. The results showed the presence of significant stocks of PAHs in soils compared to the quantities involved in the current transfers of those compounds. This suggested the persistence of a legacy contamination due to the industrial history of the basin. Atmospheric fallout is responsible for the ubiquitous contamination of the environment, whereas high concentrations of PAHs are locally measured in areas exposed to a strong anthropogenic pressure. A sharp increase in concentrations was observed between soil and SS highlighting the impact of erosion processes in the transfer of PAHs. In this context, contamination of SS is higher in catchments where topsoil erosion dominates compared to river bank erosion. In addition, soil erosion processes result in the PAH enrichment of eroded particles compared to the soil they originate from. Finally, our results show that the PAH contamination acts in two timescales. On the one hand, current anthropogenic releases would be responsible for the bulk of contamination of the aquatic environment. On the other hand, soils are likely to act as secondary sources of PAHs to rivers for the next several decades
Wajsman, Joël. "Procédures de prélèvement et d'analyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques émis par le moteur diesel." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0034.
Full textProcedures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measurements in undiluted gases of a Diesel engine have been developed. In the first disposition, hydrocarbons trapped on Tenax are analysed by thermaldesorption coupled to the gaz chromatography with a flame ionization flame detector. According to this proceedings, we have been able to determine eight hydrocarbons and elevent PAHs from two to four aromatic cycles. This technique has been optimized for the analysis of PAHs with an other adsorbent, the Carbotrap C. The heaviest identified is the pyrene. Having regard to this limitation, a new proceedings has been developed. PAHs are trapped on several matrixes : a filter, a condenser and a resin XAD-2. The solid matrix extraction is carried out with the dichloromethane in a soxhlet. PAHs of the condenser are separated of the aqueous phase by an liquid/liquid dichloromethane extraction with. Proceedings of purification on silica column have been optimized for the analysis in GC/FID and in HPLC/Fluorescence. This last allows to simplify the purification and to clarify the chromatogram. In these conditions, 14 PAHs 2 to6 aromatic cycles have been quantified. We have checked the totality of the sampling mehtodology/analysis bu obtaining from comparable measures to several weeks of interval for a given motive point (2000 rpm, 88 N. M). This methodology allows to discern the influence of the speed, load and fuel on PAH emissions
Bidaud, Christine Laurette. "Biodégradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Approche microbiologique et application au traitement d'un sol pollué." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841329.
Full textDupuy, Joan. "Interactions entre les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et les plantes supérieures : prélèvement et réponses toxiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0299/document.
Full textIn Europe and France, the end of industrial activities associated to coal exploitation left numerous wastelands contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Rhizodegradation enables their remediation by using plants associated with microflora. However, the efficiency of this technique, demonstrated at the laboratory scale, is often limited in situ by high plant mortality or inhibited growth. Furthermore, the PAH uptake in plants may threaten the food chain. This work studied the interactions between maize, chosen as model plant, and PAH from industrial contaminated soils or from simplified model systems, i.e. sand spiked with phenanthrene. PAH uptake and their effect on the plant physiology were assessed using systems of increasing complexity, to solve questions raised at different scales, from the cell to the whole plant. Mechanisms involved in PAH uptake and translocation are proposed and the toxic responses of the plant are detailed. Results lead to a new hypothesis: PAH from the solid phase penetrate the roots by physical and direct contact and not only through uptake in pore water. Main arguments are: similar molecular distributions in soils and roots, low correlations between PAH concentrations in pore water and roots and overprediction of bioaccumulation by using predicting models based on root absorption in soil solution. Localization of PHE in roots using microscopic tools showed early suberisation of endoderm and exoderm in presence of PHE, even at low concentration (50 mg kg-1). Nutrient uptake seemed not affected but large elements accumulations and depletion were observed in aerial part of maize. These nutritional disruptions may affect plant functioning and consequently, decrease its growth or even cause its death