Journal articles: 'Hydro-kinetic energy'

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Kapooria, Raj Kumar. "An efficiency assessment analysis of a modified gravitational Pelton-wheel turbine." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 20, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2009/v20i4a3308.

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A Pelton-wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. The kinetic energy of the Water-jet is directed tangentially at the buckets of a Pelton-wheel. The Water-jet strikes on each bucket’s convex profile splitter and get split into two halves. Each half is turned backwards, almost through 180° relative to the bucket on a horizontal plane. Practically this angle may vary between 165° to 170°. Normally all the jet energy is used in propelling the rim of the bucket wheel. Invariably some jet water misses the bucket and passes onto the tail race without doing any useful work. This hydro device is a good source of hydro-electrical energy conversion for a high water head. The present work in this research paper deals with some advanced modifications in the conventional Pelton-wheel so that it can be used for low-head and heavy-discharge applications. Both kinetic and potential energy of the water source is consumed by the runner wheel. Considerable gravitational effect of the water jet is exploited by means of some modifications in a conventional Pelton-wheel. A comparatively heavy generator can be run by this modified Pelton-wheel turbine under low-head and heavy-discharge conditions. The modified features provide enough promising opportunities to use this turbine for Mini and Micro hydro power plants.

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Narendran, K., K. Murali, and V. Sundar. "Investigations into efficiency of vortex induced vibration hydro-kinetic energy device." Energy 109 (August 2016): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.110.

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Gorlov, Alexander M. "Helical Turbines for the Gulf Stream: Conceptual Approach to Design of a Large-Scale Floating Power Farm." Marine Technology and SNAME News 35, no. 03 (July 1, 1998): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1998.35.3.175.

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This paper describes the helical turbine as an efficient new instrument for converting the kinetic energy of hydro streams into electric or other mechanical energy. A multi-megawatt project is proposed, conceived as an ocean power farm equipped with a number of helical turbines, along with a floating factory for in situ production of hydrogen fuel by means of electrolyzing ocean waters. Besides mega hydro-power farms, mini-power stations with helical turbines of a few kilowatts each are also proposed as possibilities for small communities or even individual households located near tidal shorelines or river banks with strong water currents. No construction of hydro dams is necessary for such applications.

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D. Obozov, Alaybek, Ruslan A. Akparaliyev, Taalaybek T. Mederov, and Victor G. Krasnov. "Bi-rotor micro hydro power plant for energy supply to isolated consumers." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (April 15, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.11682.

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This paper is dedicated to comparative analysis and description of a micro hydroelectric power plant with bi-rotor hydro generator. Based on the characteristics analysis, this paper describes a renewable energy source for a small watercourse; the feasibility of micro hydroelectric power plants with bi-rotor hydro generator is demonstrated. The features of their operation require in-depth research to substantiate parameters of such installations. This paper presents the analysis of the usage of micro hydroelectric solutions with bi-rotor hydro generator. The lattice theory problem was solved, which made it possible to determine the shape of the profile according to a given law of velocity distribution (pressure) on the contour. The experimental stand was developed, and the experiments were conducted to identify the dependence of the frequency of rotation from the flow and the dependence of the rotational frequencies of hydro turbines from various loads. Based on the results obtained, the optimum values of the rotational speed were identified. Presented results of experimental research are of significance and can be applied practically in design of micro hydroelectric power plants with bi-rotor hydro generator. Keywords: Bi-Rotor Hydro Generator; Differential Equation; Rotational Flows; Function; Hydraulic Models; Kinetic Energy; Renewable Energy Sources; Velocity Measurements. This paper is dedicated to comparative analysis and description of a micro hydroelectric power plant with bi-rotor hydro generator. Based on the characteristics analysis, this paper describes a renewable energy source for a small watercourse; the feasibility of micro hydroelectric power plants with bi-rotor hydro generator is demonstrated. The features of their operation require in-depth research to substantiate parameters of such installations. This paper presents the analysis of the usage of micro hydroelectric solutions with bi-rotor hydro generator. The lattice theory problem was solved, which made it possible to determine the shape of the profile according to a given law of velocity distribution (pressure) on the contour. The experimental stand was developed, and the experiments were conducted to identify the dependence of the frequency of rotation from the flow and the dependence of the rotational frequencies of hydro turbines from various loads. Based on the results obtained, the optimum values of the rotational speed were identified. Presented results of experimental research are of significance and can be applied practically in design of micro hydroelectric power plants with bi-rotor hydro generator.

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Ridzuan, Mohd Jamir Mohd, S. M. Hafis, K. Azduwin, K. M. Firdaus, and Zawawi Zarina. "Development of Pico-Hydro Turbine for Domestic Use." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.408.

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As many research and study were conducted worldwide in order to explore the different alternatives and renewable energy resources, this work come out with the descriptions of the initial testing conducted on the prototype of pico-hydro generation system for the purpose of investigating its performance. The kinetic energy hold by water flow in the domestic pipes was obtained to have potential in generating electricity power for energy storage purposes while conducting routine activities such as laundry, cook and bathe. The water pressure and water flow inside the pipe from utility’s main tank that used for those usual activities are used to rotate small scale hydro turbine to drive a generator for electrical power generation. Results from the test significantly show the convinced reading in recorded voltage as it is a count to propose the system is feasible for electrification of energy storage purpose and indicate the prospect for further improvement and future research.

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Miller, Gabriel, Dean Corren, Peter Armstrong, and Joseph Franceschi. "A study of an axial-flow turbine for kinetic hydro power generation." Energy 12, no. 2 (February 1987): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(87)90120-4.

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Ghosh, Prasenjeet, Arthur T. Andrews, Richard J. Quann, and Thomas R. Halbert. "Detailed Kinetic Model for the Hydro-desulfurization of FCC Naphtha." Energy & Fuels 23, no. 12 (December 17, 2009): 5743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef900632v.

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Derakhshandeh, J. F., M. Arjomandi, B. S. Cazzolato, and B. Dally. "Harnessing hydro-kinetic energy from wake-induced vibration using virtual mass spring damper system." Ocean Engineering 108 (November 2015): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.003.

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Lalander, Emilia, Mårten Grabbe, and Mats Leijon. "On the velocity distribution for hydro-kinetic energy conversion from tidal currents and rivers." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 5, no. 2 (March 2013): 023115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795398.

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Tahir, Muti Ur Rehman, Adil Amin, Ateeq Ahmed Baig, Sajjad Manzoor, Anwar ul Haq, Muhammad Awais Asgha, and Wahab Ali Gulzar Khawaja. "Design and optimization of grid Integrated hybrid on-site energy generation system for rural area in AJK-Pakistan using HOMER software." AIMS Energy 9, no. 6 (2021): 1113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2021051.

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<abstract> <p>Power sector plays a crucial role in the development of a country. Rise in population and industrial expansion in developing countries are reason to burdenize the central grid. Pakistan is a country in its developing stages. About 58% of its total energy generation is contributed by fossil fuel based conventional plants for which the fuel costs plenteous amount. In these circumstances it is indispensable to exploit naturally available renewable resources for electricity generation. This study proposes a hybrid hydro-kinetic/Photovoltaic/Biomass system integrated with grid to serve electricity in a residential area of district Kotli in AJK Pakistan. By evaluating available resources and total load demand data of residential consumers, a system design is modelled in HOMER to get techno-economic and optimal design analysis of the purposed system. Using several configurations and combinations of available energy generation systems and then by comparing their results, the most optimum system design is achieved in terms of initial cost, operating cost, cost per unit and net present cost of the system. To further refine the results, the effect of variations of different parameters like load demand, water flow speed and solar irradiance on system is investigated by performing sensitivity analysis on the system. Final results demonstrate that the purposed system is cost-effective and efficient to meet the load demand.</p> </abstract>

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Jakimavičius, Darius, Brunonas Gailiušis, Diana Šarauskienė, Aldona Jurgelėnaitė, and Diana Meilutytė-Lukauskienė. "Assessment of the riverine hydrokinetic energy resources in Lithuania." Baltica 27, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.23.

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The hydro-energy resources are considered as promising renewable energy sources, which emphasizes the need for assessment of theoretical hydrokinetic energy resources stored in Lithuanian rivers. This article presents the results of an investigation of the theoretical hydrokinetic energy in small and medium-size rivers. A total of 282 rivers (1487 segments) were examined and the relationships were established for evaluation of their hydrological and morphological indicators, such as river depth, width, and flow velocity. Only 41 rivers (328 segments) were identified as having a theoretical hydrokinetic potential. The total length of these valuable river segments reaches 2000 km. The estimated kinetic energy capacity calculated for a 1 km channel segment is 45.3 kW in South-eastern, 40.8 kW in Western, and 38.2 kW in Central Lithuania.

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Kos, Željko, Bojan Đurin, Dragana Dogančić, and Nikola Kranjčić. "Hydro-Energy Suitability of Rivers Regarding Their Hydrological and Hydrogeological Characteristics." Water 13, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131777.

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The production of electric energy from rivers by using mini, as well as micro hydroelectric power plants, is a very promising solution, especially in rural and isolated areas. Numerous waterways in Croatia and their hydrological and hydrogeological diversity present an opportunity, but also a challenge, for the construction of hydroelectric power plants. Due to the complexity of the water courses’ hydrology, as well as hydrogeological characteristics, it is very hard to determine an appropriate flow pattern (amount), which will be used as an input value for the sizing of hydroelectric power plants. Such analysis will be provided for real case studies in Croatia with special regard to present geological media—media with intergranular porosity (Bednja River), karst media (Gornja Dobra River), and flysch media (Mirna River). Considering different geological media increases the possibility of using the presented methodology on other locations in Croatia, as well in the world. It has been shown that the analyzed rivers definitely have potential for electric energy production, regarding the potential and kinetic river energy. The presented analysis is scientifically original, but also shows the procedure for the determination of the hydro-energy potential of the rivers, as well as for the sizing on the hydropower plants. Hydrology and hydrogeology analyses rounds out the usual hydro-energy analysis, which is in most cases based on basic statistical parameter analysis.

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Akkelin, S. V., M. S. Borysova, and Yu M. Sinyukov. "Sudden Freeze-Out vs. Continuous Emission: Duality in Hydro-Kinetic Approach to." Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics 22, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2005): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aph.22.2005.1-2.17.

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Imawati, Iftitah, Millen Febiansyah, Enaya Kafka Garuda Novtrianda, and Husein Mubarok. "Portable Pico-hydro Power Plant with Archimedes Screw Turbine in Pelangi Reservoir of Universitas Islam Indonesia." ELKHA 14, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v14i2.57770.

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Indonesia has a lot of potential to build hydroelectric power plants because of its size and abundance of water. As in the Islamic University of Indonesia, there is a Pelangi Reservoir which has the potential to develop a pico-hydro power plant. A portable pico hydro system is needed to generate electricity properly. In this study, the pico hydro generator system was designed starting from the turbine, pulley, generator, controller, battery to the load. In the process, the voltage and current generated by this portable pico hydro generator system will be observed. By using a screw turbine, the team designed the system to optimally utilize Pelangi Reservoir water flow. The DC generator was chosen as a converter of kinetic energy into electrical energy because with low rotation, and a stable DC generator produces direct electricity. Several changes from design to reality were made so that the system could work according to field conditions and not damage the ecosystem around Pelangi reservoir. According to the test results, the current pico-hydro system at Pelangi Reservoir UII can generate a maximum power of 8.544 watts and an average discharge of 7.1532 L/second. The power can increase if the water flow has a larger discharge. If the large discharge flow is balanced by the robustness of the turbine and system. At low conditions, the system can charge a battery with a capacity of 12 volts 4 Ah with a water flow rate of 4.807 L/second, which is 9.9 volts to 12.2 volts in 36 minutes. The efficiency of hydroelectric power generation (Pico-hydro) then increases to 16.71%. The system can generate 86.49 watts of electricity at 1500 rpm on the generator.

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Ramadan, A., Mohamed A. A. Nawar, and M. H. Mohamed. "Performance evaluation of a drag hydro kinetic turbine for rivers current energy extraction - A case study." Ocean Engineering 195 (January 2020): 106699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106699.

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Ramírez-Mendoza, R., L. O. Amoudry, P. D. Thorne, R. D. Cooke, S. J. McLelland, L. B. Jordan, S. M. Simmons, D. R. Parsons, and L. Murdoch. "Laboratory study on the effects of hydro kinetic turbines on hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics." Renewable Energy 129 (December 2018): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.094.

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Zhang, Shao Bo, Xiao Chun Wang, and Xin Pu Shen. "Mathematical Modelling of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behaviour for Concrete under Elevated Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.355.

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A hydro-thermo-mechanical model was presented for concrete at elevated temperature. Three phases of continuum were adopted in this model: gaseous mixture of water vapor and dry air, liquid water, and solid skeleton of concrete. Mass conservation equations, linear momentum conservation equation, and energy conservation equation were derived on the basis of the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations for a general continuum, along with assumptions made for the purpose of simplification. Mathematical relationships between selected primary variables and secondary variables were given with existing data from references. Specifications of the constitutive relations were made for the kinetic variables and their conjugate forces.

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Tavani, Hadi Molaei. "River's Meander Energy Conservation as a Renewable Energy Recourse, a Mathematical and Technology Status Review." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1132.

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The growing demand for electrical energy is one of the most important subjects today. Renewable energies give a good perspective to be an alternative to fossil and nuclear-fueled power plants, in order to meet growing demand for electrical energy. River current energy conversion systems are electromechanical energy converters that convert kinetic energy of river water into other usable forms of energy. However, the potentials of this technology as an effective and renewable source of alternative energy have not yet been explored to a great extent. In this research investigated the use of computational fluid dynamics in predicting hydrokinetic energy, and effective parameters of river's meander to generated hydro electrical energy. The survey shows that in this case study can generate justifiable energy in meander and it show that can use the meander of rivers are one of the renewable source. This article may serve as a coherent literature survey or technology review that would provide better understanding of the subjacent issues and possibly rejuvenate research interest in this immensely potential field of energy engineering

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Tigabu, Muluken Temesgen, D. H. Wood, and Bimrew Tamrat Admasu. "Resource assessment for hydro-kinetic turbines in Ethiopian rivers and irrigation canals." Energy for Sustainable Development 58 (October 2020): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2020.08.005.

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Ibraheem, Muzher M., Abdulhalim A. Mohammad, and Ayser T. Jarallah. "Kinetics of Sulfur, Vanadium and Nickel Removal from Basra Crude Oil Hydro Treating." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.17.3.08.

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Basra crude oil was hydro treated in trickle–bed reactor using cobalt – molybdenum alumina as a Catalyst. The reaction range temperatures was598 – 648 k, while LHSV was 0.7 – 2 hr-1. The pressure and H2/Oil for all experiments keep constant at 3Mpa and 300 L/L respectively. Desulphurization and demutualization kinetics were studied and found that the kinetics of sculpture removal is of first – order, and the kinetic of vanadium and nickel removal is of second – order. Activation energy were calculated and their value are 24.03, 745.86, 63.90 KJ / mole, respectively for sculpture, vanadium, and nickel.

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Britto, V. S., R. C. F. Mendes, A. C. P. Brasil, and T. F. Oliveira. "WAKE CHARACTERIZATION IN ROW ARRAY OF HYDROKINETICS TURBINES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i1.62257.

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This study aims to obtain wake information, which passes through a linear array of turbines. Is presented a numerical approach to observe what effect can be obtained from a 2.2 meters turbines set. The linear array parameters were based on the Hydro-k project, in which two unconfined in-line rotors were used. The studies were performed by analyzing three variables: mean normalized velocity, turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence intensity. It was noted that the iteration between the rotors alters the flow on the array of turbines increasing the center speed.

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Quenum, Gandomè Mayeul Leger Davy, Joël Arnault, Nana Ama Browne Klutse, Zhenyu Zhang, Harald Kunstmann, and Philip G. Oguntunde. "Potential of the Coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro Modeling System for Flood Forecasting in the Ouémé River (West Africa)." Water 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081192.

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Since the beginning of the 2000s, most of the West-African countries, particularly Benin, have experienced an increased frequency of extreme flood events. In this study, we focus on the case of the Ouémé river basin in Benin. To investigate flood events in this basin for early warning, the coupled atmosphere–hydrology model system WRF-Hydro is used, and analyzed for the period 2008–2010. Such a coupled model allows exploration of the contribution of atmospheric components into the flood event, and its ability to simulate and predict accurate streamflow. The potential of WRF-Hydro to correctly simulate streamflow in the Ouémé river basin is assessed by forcing the model with operational analysis datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Atmospheric and land surface processes are resolved at a spatial resolution of 5 km. The additional surface and subsurface water flow routing are computed at a resolution of 500 m. Key parameters of the hydrological module of WRF-Hydro are calibrated offline and tested online with the coupled WRF-Hydro. The uncertainty of atmospheric modeling on coupled results is assessed with the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS). WRF-Hydro is able to simulate the discharge in the Ouémé river in offline and fully coupled modes with a Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) around 0.70 and 0.76, respectively. In the fully coupled mode, the model captures the flood event that occurred in 2010. A stochastic perturbation ensemble of ten members for three rain seasons shows that the coupled model performance in terms of KGE ranges from 0.14 to 0.79. Additionally, an assessment of the soil moisture has been developed. This ability to realistically reproduce observed discharge in the Ouémé river basin demonstrates the potential of the coupled WRF-Hydro modeling system for future flood forecasting applications.

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Grebski, Wes, and Michalene Grebski. "Project of Micro-hydroelectric Power Generation System – Case study." Production Engineering Archives 28, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2022.28.21.

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Abstract The article describes a student project of installing a micropower generation system utilizing energy from the water drained from underground coalmines. The paper contains a description of the site which is a manmade phenomenon from the anthracite mining era. The project described in the article was completed as part of the project-based learning curriculum. Students had the opportunity to work on a team and apply theoretical knowledge learned in individual courses as part of the engineering curriculum. The article also focuses on the calculation of the potential power capacity to a proposed hydropower generation system. The proposed micro-hydro system is harvesting the potential and kinetic energy of the water discharged from the water-draining tunnel. A commercially available micro-hydro turbine combined with an electric power generator was adapted for this purpose. The article also includes an analysis of the profitability of the project and the time of return on investment. The calculations are based on the current price of electricity (2021), depreciation schedule and present tax incentives (2021) to generate electricity from renewable sources. The article also includes some lessons learned from the project as well as the recommendations for future projects.

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Rayid Muneer, Ramdoss Vithya Sagar, and S. Ramachandran. "Analytic Studies on the Computer Aided Design and Analaysis of Hydro Electric Barrel Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.128.

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Hydro electric barrel turbines can be used for extraction of clean energy from water flowing at velocity more than 1 m/sec. The kinetic energy available in the flow in water is converted into mechanical energy by means of a barrel having helical type projections and depressions. This is similar to helical milling cutter. The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of a pan type electrical generator, the output of which is stored in a battery and inverter and then is used. The specific advantage of barrel turbine is easy handling and environment friendly design, thus eliminating the need for environmental impact assessment studies. The proposed project consists of a CAD model of the barrel turbine which can be generated using CATIA, pro E softwares and analysis on this cad model will be performed. Analysis for the strength and power extraction capabilities shall be estimated using ANSYS fluid dynamics. Parameters such as diameter, the length of the turbine and variation of velocity of flow shall be studied in this work.

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Puddu, Pierpaolo, and Maurizio Paderi. "Hydro-pneumatic accumulators for vehicles kinetic energy storage: Influence of gas compressibility and thermal losses on storage capability." Energy 57 (August 2013): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.072.

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Kang, Yan Long, Jian Wei Jiang, Shu You Wang, and Jian Bing Men. "Numerical Study of Shaped Charge Jet Formation and Penetration into Multi-Layer with Different Liner Material." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.744.

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This paper investigates the penetration performance of shaped charge against multi-layer target. A titanium alloy liner of shaped charge is proposed in order to obtain large perforated hole. Jet formation and penetrating into multi-layer target was calculated by hydro code AUTODYN. For different liner material include titanium alloy, mild steel and Cu, the explosion energy conversion, jet tip velocity and jet length, also the penetration performance are studied. It is found that the kinetic energy of jet is larger and the shape of jet is podgier when the liner material is titanium alloy, the perforated hole diameter on multi-layer improved 20% compare with the mild steel and Cu liner, the numerical simulation is good agreement to experimental results.

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Rakov, D. L. "Analysis and Classification of Low Head Hydro Power Based on Advanced Morphological Approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012017.

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Abstract The paper discusses hydrokinetic systems low head hydro power as an element renewable resource. In the paper a review of the existing and upcoming orthogonal and axial turbines schemes is outlined. Based on a morphological approach comprehensive survey of various schemes and qualitative comparison, is presented. The proposed engineering solutions reduce the structure weight and the processability increases. These factors lead to a decrease in the cost. The engineering solutions under consideration are designed to operate in low-pressure flows, regardless of their direction. Thanks to these features, the scope of their use expands. They can be used both in high tide and in the use of the sea currents kinetic energy.

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KRASNOV, Victor G., Alaibek D. OBOZOV, and Oleg R. NURISLAMOV. "Analysis of Efficiency of Use of the Longitudinal-Flow Hydropower Plant Unit of a Micro Hydropower Station without a Dam for Small Rivers." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 9, 2018): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.3(27).05.

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In the research of alternative sources of energy much attention is paid to hydro energy, in particular, micro hydropower stations, which use rivers’ kinetic energy. This issue is relevant for research. The target of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of longitudinal-flow hydropower plant of a micro hydropower station without a dam for small rivers. The operational efficiency of hydraulic power plants is mainly determined by the interaction of working elements with the hydraulic flow and the utilization level of its characteristics. The features of its usage and the influence of flow characteristics of the hydropower stations efficiency are examined in this paper. Besides, the interaction between the flow and working elements is assessed. The possibility of improving efficiency level by using working elements with changing weight is tested. Moreover, empirical data is used for calculations.

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Hand, Brian P., Nuh Erdogan, Dónal Murray, Patrick Cronin, John Doran, and Jimmy Murphy. "Experimental testing on the influence of shaft rotary lip seal misalignment for a marine hydro-kinetic turbine." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 50 (March 2022): 101874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101874.

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Zhang, Zhichao, and Xiaohui Cheng. "Simulation of Nonisothermal Consolidation of Saturated Soils Based on a Thermodynamic Model." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/192163.

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Based on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, a thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling model for saturated soils is established, including a constitutive model without such concepts as yield surface and flow rule. An elastic potential energy density function is defined to derive a hyperelastic relation among the effective stress, the elastic strain, and the dry density. The classical linear non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory is employed to quantitatively describe the unrecoverable energy processes like the nonelastic deformation development in materials by the concepts of dissipative force and dissipative flow. In particular the granular fluctuation, which represents the kinetic energy fluctuation and elastic potential energy fluctuation at particulate scale caused by the irregular mutual movement between particles, is introduced in the model and described by the concept of granular entropy. Using this model, the nonisothermal consolidation of saturated clays under cyclic thermal loadings is simulated in this paper to validate the model. The results show that the nonisothermal consolidation is heavily OCR dependent and unrecoverable.

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Lillahulhaq, Zain, Fahreza Dwi Sandy, Bagus Putra Mahardika, Michael Azzura Akbar, and Doan Besthian Saragih. "Experimental study of small hydro turbine propeller performance with a variety of blade angles of attack." SINERGI 26, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2022.3.001.

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The availability of non-renewable energy has recently been running low and so impacts electrical energy. Renewable energy is converted from natural sources to kinetic energy. The Double Propeller Water Turbine is a water turbine that is suitable to be applied using a small flow head. This research is a development of previous research by changing the degree of inclination of the blade angle on the turbine, which is used to determine changes in the power and efficiency of the Double Propeller turbine at various speeds. The results showed that the Double Propeller turbine rotation’s performance was directly proportional to the slope of the turbine blade angle. The optimum angle of attack on the hydro turbine affected the lift force and the ability of the water flow to capture water power. At the lowest blade angle, which is 20 degrees, the highest rotational speed is obtained with a value of 335 rpm. The turbine generates the most significant power with a blade angle of 20o, with a value of 4.81 watts, and the highest efficiency is 24%. The degree of blade angle affects the performance of the Double Propeller turbine.

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Hu, Xiucheng, and Lixiang Zhang. "Vortex Cascade Features of Turbulent Flow in Hydro-Turbine Blade Passage with Complex Geometry." Water 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121859.

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A large-eddy simulation of three-dimensional turbulent flow for a hydro-turbine in the transitional process of decreasing load from rated power to no-load has been implemented by using ANSYS-Fluent in this paper. The survival space occupied by different scale flow structures for the different guide vane opening degrees was well captured. The flow characteristics in the transitional process were obtained. Different forms of the channel vortex were studied. The features of the vortex cascade and dissipation of the turbulent energy in blade passage were analyzed. The results show that the scales of the vortex structures have a large change in the transitional process of rejecting load, and the vortex distributions in the blade passage are significantly distinguished. The survival space of the different scale eddies in the blade passage is closely related to the scales of the vortex. The survival volume ratio of the adjacent scale vortex in the runner is about 1.2–1.6. The turbulent kinetic energy and eddy viscosity increase rapidly along the blade passage with the small-scale eddies going up, which implies that a dissipating path for the energy in the blade passage is formed.

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Andriyan, Ari, and Rosyida Permatasari. "PENGARUH DIAMETER BLADE TIPE LURUS TERHADAP EFISIENSI TURBIN VORTEKS MENGGUNAKAN METODE CFD." JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v8i1.14861.

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Salah satu sistem yang digunakan oleh Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro adalah mikro hidro vorteks. Mikro hidro vorteks menggunakan energi kinetik air yang membentuk pusaran yang akan menggerakkan blade turbin. Faktor yang dapat ditinjau agar mendapatkan efisiensi turbin yang optimal adalah jenis ukuran pada blade. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh diameter blade tipe lurus terhadap efisiensi turbin menggunakan metoda CFD. Tipe blade yang digunakan adalah tipe lurus dengan diameter 20cm, 25cm, dan 30cm. Performa turbin didapat menggunakan metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan simulasi software ANSYS Fluent. Hasil simulasi yang diperoleh adalah nilai performa tertinggi dari turbin vorteks terjadi pada uji parameter blade ukuran 30cm dengan nilai daya 775Watt, nilai putaran turbin 847rpm, nilai kecepatan sudut () pada 88,7rad/s, nilai torsi pada 8,51J, dan nilai efisiensi mencapai angka 73%. ABSTRACT One of the systems used by the Micro Hydro Power Plant is the micro hydro vortex. Micro hydro vortex uses the kinetic energy of water to form a vortex that will drive the turbine blades. Factors that can be reviewed in order to obtain optimal turbine efficiency is the type of blade size. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of straight type blade diameter on turbine efficiency using the CFD method. The type of blade used is a straight type with a diameter of 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm. Turbine performance is obtained using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with ANSYS Fluent software simulation. The simulation results obtained are the highest performance value of the vortex turbine occurs in the 30cm blade parameter test with a power value of 775Watt, turbine rotation value 847rpm, angular velocity () value at 88.7rad/s, torque value at 8.51J, and efficiency reaches 73%.

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Xiang, Ying, Jiaying Shen, and Fusheng Ouyang. "A Lumped Kinetic Model of M-DSO Process for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline Hydro-Upgrading." Petroleum Chemistry 61, no. 4 (April 2021): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544121050054.

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Marcantonio, Vera, Marcello De Falco, and Enrico Bocci. "Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for CO2 Conversion—An Overview of the Most Relevant Experimental Results and Kinetic Models." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 7790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207790.

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Global warming, along with increasing global energy demands, has led to the need for a sustainable and low-carbon-based energy economy. In addition to renewable energy technologies, such as biomass, solar, hydro, and wind, another possible strategy to mitigate climate change is the capture/conversion and recycling of CO2. In recent years, many methods for both CO2 capture (mainly adsorption, absorption, and membrane) and conversion (many electrolysis, catalyst, and plasma) have been investigated. Conversion technology is less studied but seems to be very promising. Within that, non-thermal plasma technology has received much interest because it works at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure, and there is no need for high temperature and high electricity consumption, which are typical of the catalyst and electrolysis conversion processes, respectively. Therefore, in order to optimize this emerging technology, simulative kinetic models have been developed with the aim of maximizing both energy efficiency and CO2 conversion. In the present paper, an overview of the most common non-thermal plasma technologies was carried out to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then, an overview of the most significant kinetic models available in literature was carried out to point out the main reactions occurring during CO2 conversion and also the parameters that most affect the performance of a plasma reactor during CO2 conversion. Then, a brief recap of the literature available on economic studies of the plasma process is given.

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Khare, Ruchi, and Vishnu Prasad. "Numerical Study on Performance Characteristics of Draft Tube of Mixed Flow Hydraulic Turbine." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 10 (December 5, 2012): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7103.

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Draft tube is an important component of the hydraulic reaction turbine and affects the overall performance of turbine to a large extent. The flow inside the draft tube is complex because of the whirling flow coming out of runner and its diffusion along the draft tube. The kinetic energy coming out of runner is recovered in draft tube and part of recovery meets the losses. In the present work, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used for flow simulation in complete mixed flow Francis turbine for performance analysis for energy recovery, losses and flow pattern in an elbow draft tube used in Francis turbine at different operating conditions. The overall performance of the turbine at some typical operating regimes is validated with the experimental results and found to be in close comparison.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7103 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 48-52

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Gus’kov, S. Yu, N. N. Demchenko, E. O. Dmitriev, P. A. Kuchugov, G. A. Vergunova, and R. A. Yakhin. "Fast-electron maintaining a high shock-ignition gain with a significant decrease in the laser pulse energy." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 64, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac4d3c.

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Abstract The effect of energy transfer by laser-accelerated fast electrons on thermonuclear gain of a shock-ignited ICF target at different powers and durations of the high-intensity part of the laser pulse (spike) responsible for igniting shock wave generation has been investigated on the basis of hydro-kinetic numerical simulations. The key result of these studies is that the fast-electron energy transfer is able to provide a great contribution to igniting shock wave pressure to maintain a high thermonuclear gain with a significant decrease in the energy of the igniting part of the laser pulse. Calculations were performed for the 2nd harmonic Nd-laser pulse in order to justify shock-ignition experiments at the Megajoule-class facility, which is currently under construction in Russia. Spike energy conversion to fast electron energy and its temperature were selected in the ranges, which are discussed in the literature. It has been found that fast electrons with a temperature of 50–70 keV, whose energy contains 20%–40% of spike energy, make such a large contribution to the pressure of the igniting shock wave that the gain factor retains its value of 70–80 with spike energy decrease by 1.5–2 times.

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Wu, Wenguang, Sha Zhang, and Zhiyong Zhang. "Mathematical Simulations and On-Road Experimentations of the Vibration Energy Harvesting from Mining Dump Truck Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension." Shock and Vibration 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4814072.

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Running on an unpaved road, the truck’s vibration is weakened by the HPS (hydro-pneumatic suspension) and transformed into thermal energy which was finally dissipated in the air. This paper is aimed to discuss the energy harvesting potential from the truck HPS on random road excitation. In this manner, a quarter-truck model was built and the kinetic energy method that can be used to calculate the power of the dissipated energy was proposed. The dissipated instantaneous power (The peak value is 180 kW) and average power (12 kW) were analyzed which showed 15-fold of difference. The different road class analysis results showed that the E-class road excited 4-fold of power than that of D-class road. The influence of damping and stiffness on the dissipation power was analyzed. The results showed that the power excited by the D-class road is less sensitive than the E-class road. Furthermore, it is interesting that the results also show that the value of average dissipated power when running on E-class road is very close to the speed value, respectively. The real road test of the truck was carried out in an open pit mine and verified the simulation results. The final results demonstrated that the vibrational energy that harvested from the HPS could reduce oil consumption by about 4% in theory.

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Schur, D. V., S. Yu Zaginaichenko, A. Veziroglu, T. N. Veziroglu, A. D. Zolotarenko, M. T. Gabdullin, T. S. Ramazanov, Al D. Zolotarenko, and An D. Zolotarenko. "Features of Studying Atomic Hydrogen – Metal Systems." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 13-15 (June 26, 2019): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.13-15.62-87.

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All the main areas of energy development suggest or are already implementing the use of metal-hydrogen systems. For nuclear energy, this is associated with the creation of thermostable moderators and special-purpose construction materials, for thermonuclear energy, with the behavior of the so-called first wall of fusion reactors, for hydrogen energy — storage, transportation and extraction of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most effective moderator of fast and thermal neutrons, especially at high volumetric concentrations of hydrogen atoms in the material, i.e. at a high value of the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of metal atoms, taking into account the heat resistance of the hydride. This paper discusses the modern methods of experimental studies of heterogeneous reactions, the topochemistry of metal – hydrogen reactions, the dependence of the interaction rate on pressure and temperature, models of surface processes occurring during the interaction of hydrogen with metal. Methods for determining the probability of adsorption of hydrogen on a metal surface, methods for measuring the activation energy of dissociation of a hydrogen molecule on a surface are also discussed. The paper describes the fea-tures of the preparation of the reactor, experimental samples and the method of their study in the study of atomic hydrogen-metal systems, the method of plasma-chemical thermogravimetry used to study heterogeneous reactions occurring in a hydrogen plasma electrodeless discharge. In order to study the mechanism of interaction of hydrogen with hydride-forming metals, a kinetic method of research is proposed. The essence of the kinetic method is that the elimination of the limiting influence of surface and diffusion processes on the rate of hydride formation using atomic hydrogen and metal foil makes it possible to directly record the formation of the corresponding phases using hydro-gen-metal kinetic curves, and also study the effect of various parameters on the rate of interaction and the formation of hydride phases.

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Nasar, Mohamed. "Survey of Sustainable Development to Make Great Man-Made River Producing Energy and Food." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.05.

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The Great Man-Made River (GMR) is the world largest irrigation project, consisting of a network of pipes that supplies water from Libyan desert in the south to the coastal areas in the north. This paper studies the possibility of taking advantage of GMR to generate energy and produce food through agriculture. Hydro-kinetic power generation would be carried out by generating energy from water movements across Great Man-Made River pipelines using appropriate sizes of turbines. It's known that the length of the GMR pipeline is about 4000 km with a diameter of 4 m. Pipeline of such magnitude with great water flow rate would make a turbine to produce hundreds of Kilowatts of clean energy. The most significant reasons that force us to take advantage of GMR to generate energy are: a) The needs to sustainable environmental energy source; b) Power System uses energy of flowing water to provide a consistent, controllable, non-weather-dependent source of electricity, such as other types of renewable energy, which are depend on the weather. The conversion of GMR, from supplying freshwater to coastal cities, to huge agricultural project after the establishment of many seawater desalination plants (solar powered) would cover the needs of cities for fresh water. Thus it would become possible to convert thousands of desert hectares around the pipelines to huge agricultural project irrigated from GMR.

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Jacobson, Mark Z., Mark A. Delucchi, Mary A. Cameron, and Bethany A. Frew. "Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 49 (November 23, 2015): 15060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510028112.

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This study addresses the greatest concern facing the large-scale integration of wind, water, and solar (WWS) into a power grid: the high cost of avoiding load loss caused by WWS variability and uncertainty. It uses a new grid integration model and finds low-cost, no-load-loss, nonunique solutions to this problem on electrification of all US energy sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) while accounting for wind and solar time series data from a 3D global weather model that simulates extreme events and competition among wind turbines for available kinetic energy. Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050–2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide.

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Abiev, Rufat Sh, Yulia S. Kudryashova, Andrey V. Zdravkov, and Nadezhda Yu Fedorenko. "Micromixing and Co-Precipitation in Continuous Microreactors with Swirled Flows and Microreactors with Impinging Swirled Flows." Inorganics 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020049.

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One of the promising methods for process intensification for micromixing, co-precipitation, and crystallization in continuous reactors is the use of vigorous vortices. A combination of the high intensity of the kinetic energy input with the small volume of the micromixing volume allows to concentrate the energy dissipation rate up to 104 W/kg and more. As the embodiment of such an idea, four new types of microreactors with intensively swirled flows were created and studied as a tool for continuous co-precipitation and crystallization. A correlation between residence time and segregation index was found: the smaller residence time, the higher energy dissipation rate and better quality of micromixing. A method for the synthesis of oxides of a number of transition metals in microreactors with intensively swirled flows with subsequent thermal treatment of co-precipitation products has been developed. This method was used to obtain ensembles of nanosized particles of zirconium oxides, as well as calcium and strontium fluorides. In comparison with the currently widely used hydro- and solvothermal methods, the proposed method has high productivity (around 10 m3/day for lab scale device), can significantly reduce the duration of the process, provides low energy consumption, does not require a large number of labor-intensive operations, is technologically advanced and easily scalable.

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Gaden, David L. F., and Eric L. Bibeau. "A numerical investigation into the effect of diffusers on the performance of hydro kinetic turbines using a validated momentum source turbine model." Renewable Energy 35, no. 6 (June 2010): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.023.

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Putera, Muh Ikbal, Arman, and Irmayani. "POTENSI POMPA HYDRAM (HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP) BERTEKNOLOGI HYDRO POWER TANPA LISTRIK DAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI DESA NEPO KABUPATEN BARRU." Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian (JDP) 6, no. 1 (October 18, 2020): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jdp.v6i1.11517.

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Water problems include problems that are not easily obtained, especially during conditions or dry seasons. Indeed water is a vital requirement for human, plant and animal life. Water for human needs is used for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing water. Areas with relatively flat topography, water is relatively easy to obtain from well water sources and rivers that flow relatively not deep, so to obtain water sources is relatively easy. In the service area with flat topography and slightly hilly, so farmers to obtain water in agricultural activities and for daily needs, water is obtained from rivers and dug wells, springs and deep wells (ground water). When it rains, water sources are easily obtained from abundant river water and from dug wells that have sufficient water level. The problem of water needs for rural communities who live in hilly and mountainous areas is the need for appropriate technology Hydram Pumps which are relatively inexpensive and affordable by the community because they have the power of hydropower, are energy efficient and environmentally friendly. Community service activities, using the survey method of installation activities and field observations, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), which involves the community. This activity is carried out through: counseling, training and demonstrations. The results and benefits obtained by the application of appropriate technology, with the potential for hydram pumps come from water power sources that have speed, potential energy and kinetic energy that gives water hammer to the inlet pipe and compressed tube, so that it causes a great pressure to lift water to a higher place. Keywords: Hydram Pump, Hydro Power, Environment Friendly, Springs, Water hammer. ABSTRAK Masalah air termasuk masalah yang tidak mudah diperoleh terutama pada saat kondisi musim kemarau. Sejatinya air merupakan kebutuhan vital bagi kehidupan manusia, tumbuhan dan hewan. Air untuk kebutuhan manusia digunakan untuk komsumsi air minum, masak, mencuci dan mandi. Daerah dengan topografi relatif datar, air relatif mudah diperoleh dari sumber air sumur dan sungai-sungai yang mengalir yang relatif tidak dalam, sehingga untuk memperoleh sumber air relatif mudah. Pada areal pengabdian dengan kondisi topografi datar dan sedikit berbukit-bukit, sehingga petani untuk memperoleh air dalam aktifitas pertanian dan untuk kebutuhan hidup, air diperoleh dari sungai dan sumur galian, mata air dan sumur dalam (air tanah). Saat hujan, sumber air mudah diperoleh dari air sungai yang melimpah dan dari sumur galian yang memiliki tinggi air yang cukup. Permasalahan kebutuhan air bagi masyarakat desa yang tinggal di daerah berbukit dan bergunung adalah membutuhkan teknologi tepat guna Pompa Hydram yang relatif murah dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat karena memiliki daya penggerak tenaga air (Hydro Power), hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan. Kegiatan pengabdian, mengggunakan metode survei kegiatan aktifitas pemasangan dan pengamatan lapangan, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) yaitu melibatkan masyarakat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melalui: penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan demonstrasi. Manfaat yang diperoleh bahwa dengan penerapan teknologi tepat guna, dengan potensi pompa hydram berasal dari sumber tenaga air yang memiliki kecepatan, energi potensial dan energi kinetik yang memberi hantaman air (water hammer) pada pipa pemasukan dan tabung kompressi, sehingga menimbulkan tekanan yang besar untuk mengangkat air ketempat yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: Pompa Hydram, Hydro Power, Ramah Lingkungan, Mata air, Water hammer

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Litvinov, Ivan, Dmitriy Sharaborin, Evgeny Gorelikov, Vladimir Dulin, Sergey Shtork, Sergey Alekseenko, and Kilian Oberleithner. "Modal Decomposition of the Precessing Vortex Core in a Hydro Turbine Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 5127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105127.

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We report on the experimental study of a precessing vortex core (PVC) in an air model of a Francis turbine. The focus is placed on the modal decomposition of the PVC that occurs in the draft tube of the model turbine for a range of operation conditions. The turbulent flow fluctuations in the draft tube are assessed using stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied to the antisymmetric and symmetric components of the velocity fields to distinguish the dynamics of the azimuthal instabilities. The pressure pulsations induced by the PVC are measured by four pressure sensors mounted on the wall of the hydro turbine draft tube. Spatial Fourier decomposition is applied to the signals of the pressure sensors to identify the contributions of azimuthal modes, m=1 and m=2, to the total pressure fluctuations. The analysis based on velocity and pressure data shows similar results regarding the identification of the PVC. The contribution of the m=2 mode to the overall turbulent kinetic energy is significant for the part load regimes, where the flow rates are twice as low as at the best efficiency point (BEP). It is also shown that this mode is not the higher harmonic of the PVC, suggesting that it is driven by a different instability. Finally, we show a linear fit of the saturation amplitudes of the m=1 and m=2 oscillations to determine the critical bifurcation points of these modes. This yields critical swirl numbers of Scr=0.47 and 0.61, respectively. The fact that the PVC dynamics in hydro turbines are driven by two individual instabilities is relevant for the development of tailored active flow control of the PVC.

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Klahr, Hubert, and Peter Bodenheimer. "Turbulence, Vorticity Generation and Angular Momentum Transport via the Baroclinic Instability in Accretion Disks." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 202 (2004): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900218226.

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We propose the global baroclinic instability as a source for vigorous turbulence leading to angular momentum transport in Keplerian accretion disks. We know from analytical considerations and three-dimensional radiation hydro simulations that, in particular, protoplanetary disks have a negative radial entropy gradient, which makes them baroclinic. Two-dimensional numerical simulations show that this baroclinic flow is unstable and produces turbulence. These findings were tested for numerical effects by performing barotropic simulations which show that imposed turbulence rapidly decays. The turbulence in baroclinic disks draws energy from the background shear, transports angular momentum outward and creates a radially inward bound accretion of matter, thus forming a self consistent process. Gravitational energy is transformed into turbulent kinetic energy, which is then dissipated, as in the classical accretion paradigm. We measure accretion rates in 2D and 3D simulations of Ṁ = −;10−9 to −10−7 M⊙ yr−1 and viscosity parameters of α = 10−4–10−2, which fit perfectly together and agree reasonably with observations. The turbulence creates pressure waves, Rossby waves, and vortices in the (R – ø) plane of the disk. We demonstrate in a global simulation that these vortices tend to form out of little background noise and to be long-lasting features, which have already been suggested to lead to the formation of planets.

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El-Kharraf, Sara, Soukaïna El-Guendouz, Farah Abdellah, El Mestafa El Hadrami, Alexandra M. Machado, Cláudia S. Tavares, Ana Cristina Figueiredo, and Maria Graça Miguel. "Unassisted and Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Hydro- and Steam-Distillation: Modelling Kinetics, Energy Consumption and Chemical and Biological Activities of Volatile Oils." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050567.

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The demand for more suitable eco-friendly extraction processes has grown over the last few decades and driven research to develop efficient extraction processes with low energy consumption and low costs, but always assuring the quality of the volatile oils (VOs). The present study estimated the kinetic extraction and energy consumption of simultaneous hydro- and steam-distillation (SHSD), and SHSD assisted by carbon dioxide (SHSDACD), using an adopted modelling approach. The two isolation methods influenced the VOs yield, chemical composition and biological activities, namely, antioxidant, anti-glucosidase, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory properties. SHSDACD provided higher VOs yields than the SHSD at a shorter extraction time: 2.8% at 30 min vs. 2.0% at 120 min, respectively, for Rosmarinus officinalis, 1.5% at 28 min vs. 1.2% at 100 min, respectively, for Lavandula angustifolia, and 1.7% at 20 min vs. 1.6% at 60 min, respectively, for Origanum compactum. The first order and sigmoid model fitted to SHSD and SHSDACD, respectively, with R2 value at 96% and with mean square error (MSE) < 5%, where the k distillation rate constant of SHSDACD was fivefold higher and the energy consumption 10 times lower than the SHSD. The rosemary SHSD and SHSDACD VOs chemical composition were similar and dominated by 1,8-cineole (50% and 48%, respectively), and camphor (15% and 12%, respectively). However, the lavender and oregano SHSDACD VOs were richer in linalyl acetate and carvacrol, respectively, than the SHSD VOs. The SHSDACD VOs generally showed better capacity for scavenging the nitric oxide and superoxide anions free radicals as well as for inhibiting α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and lipoxygenase.

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Wang, Xi, Dandan Wu, Du Yuan, and Xu Wu. "Preparation and Application of Nano-structured Lead Dioxide from Waste Lead Slag." E3S Web of Conferences 350 (2022): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235003001.

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To develop an efficient and green method to recycling lead slag, a novel strategy to fabricate nano-lead dioxide from lead slag was applied by the hydro-electrometallurgy. In leaching system, the optimum condition of leaching time 100 min, 80 °C, stirring rate 500 rpm, liquid/solid ratio 20 and 1 mol/L methanesulfonic acid resulted in lead recovery of 89% and residue obtained without toxicity. The kinetic study revealed that the methanesulfonic acid leaching of lead slag shows good agreement with a diffusion-controlled shrinking-particle model. Additionally, the apparent activation energy of MSA leaching of lead slag was determined using Arrhenius model as 13.621 kJ/mol. Furthermore, Nano-PbO2 recovered from waste lead paste was prepared for the electrolysis of water to produce ozone. The experimental results showed that the ozone production of nano-PbO2 recovered from waste lead slag was not significantly different from the nano-PbO2 prepared by pure reagents. In conclusion, waste lead slag can be recycled for the fabrication of nano-PbO2, which has a significant advantage on realizing the recycling of lead resources.

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Kiss, Valeri, Aleksandr Evdokimov, Tatiana Kaverzneva, and Dmitriy Tarkhov. "The effect of absorption process parameters on its efficiency." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824503011.

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In this work we are presenting the results of studies of the effect of hydro and aerodynamic parameters of the process of water vapor absorption during intensive bubbling in the dynamic foam mode on the absorption process efficiency. As a result, it was found that the hydrodynamic characteristics (height of the foam layer of the absorbent and its resistance) and aerodynamic characteristics (gas velocity, longitudinal mixing in the gas phase) have the main influence on the efficiency of the absorption process. We also investigated the effect on the efficiency of the process of kinetic characteristics, characterized by the number of transport units and absorption factor. We have proposed to estimate the overall efficiency of the process, taking into account the degree of extraction, as well as the energy characteristics (hydraulic resistance), weight and size characteristics and the drop entrainment volume. For this purpose, for the overall assessment we have proposed to introduce a conditional optimality ratio, allowing to make a comparison of both various contact devices and absorbents.

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Muhawenimana, Valentine, Catherine A. M. E. Wilson, and Jo Cable. "Fish swimming kinematics in a turbulent wake: To spill or not to spill?" E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003024.

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Due to the complex nature of fish-environment interactions, the effects of altered flow conditions on fish habitats and behaviour, particularly near obstructions, are not yet fully understood. Many hydro-engineering structures generate three-dimensional turbulent structures that differ in properties from naturally occurring ones, and are challenging to fish movement. Here, swimming stability and habitat usage of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were examined in the turbulent wake of a horizontally oriented cylinder (50 mm diameter, D) for a series of increasing cylinder Reynolds numbers (Red). Velocity statistics showed that the near wake downstream of the cylinder within a 2D distance had higher magnitudes of longitudinal, vertical and lateral velocity components as well as Reynolds stresses, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy than the remaining wake flow field. Flow accelerating over the cylinder top and underside generated two shear horizontal layers, where two coherent structures were formed due to the shear layer breakdown off the cylinder’s walls and alternating von Karman-type vortex shedding occurred in the wake of the cylinder. The eddy symmetry and vorticity off the cylinder’s edges was dependent on Red. The recorded total number of spills, defined as loss of balance, was inversely proportional to fish length and weight, and depended on proximity to the cylinder and the flume bed. Furthermore, the frequency of spills was closely linked to the orientation of vortices and magnitude of Reynolds stresses, suggesting that these parameters may govern the swimming stability of fishes. This information may be used to inform the design of fish-friendly obstacles including hydraulic structures and hydro turbines in riverine and estuarine systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydro-kinetic energy'

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