Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydridic earth

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydridic earth'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydridic earth"

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Pospeev, А. V. "EARTH AS PRIMORDIALLY HYDROGEN-RICH PLANET: HYPOTHESIS AND REALITY." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 12, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2021-12-3-0543.

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The article is focused on the role of natural hydrogen in the Earth geodynamics and energy potential. With a proper consideration of the physical parameters of the Earth’s core and mantle, we discuss the aspects of the Hydridic Earth (or Primordially Hydrogen-Rich Planet) theory, which is currently used as a fundamental hypothesis in modern projects aimed at hydrogen energetics.A probability of finding natural hydrogen deposits in sedimentary traps is estimated. It is shown that the volume of deep degassing of hydrogen can be calculated from various cosmological, petrophysical and geochemical data, and an average volume is two orders of magnitude less than the amount predicted by the Hydridic Earth hypothesis. This hypothesis gives grounds to conclude that the major part of Earth’s mantle is a metal sphere; however, this conclusion is not supported by the geological and geophysical data.
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Bezrukov, L., and V. Sinev. "Geoneutrinos and Hydridic Earth (or primordially hydrogen-rich planet)." Physics of Particles and Nuclei 46, no. 2 (March 2015): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063779615020057.

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Rong, Weifeng, Dongliang He, Meiyan Wang, Zehuai Mou, Jianhua Cheng, Changguang Yao, Shihui Li, Alexander A. Trifonov, Dmitrii M. Lyubov, and Dongmei Cui. "Neutral binuclear rare-earth metal complexes with four μ2-bridging hydrides." Chemical Communications 51, no. 24 (2015): 5063–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07262f.

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The first neutral dimeric rare-earth metal hydride complexes containing quadruply bridged hydrido ligands were prepared, in which the intramolecular activation triggered by a THF molecule has been observed.
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Puszkiel, Julián, Aurelien Gasnier, Guillermina Amica, and Fabiana Gennari. "Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010163.

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Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH4 is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH2/m3) hydrogen densities. In this review, we focus on some of the main explored approaches to tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of LiBH4: (I) LiBH4 + MgH2 destabilized system, (II) metal and metal hydride added LiBH4, (III) destabilization of LiBH4 by rare-earth metal hydrides, and (IV) the nanoconfinement of LiBH4 and destabilized LiBH4 hydride systems. Thorough discussions about the reaction pathways, destabilizing and catalytic effects of metals and metal hydrides, novel synthesis processes of rare earth destabilizing agents, and all the essential aspects of nanoconfinement are led.
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Werwein, Anton, Christopher Benndorf, Marko Bertmer, Alexandra Franz, Oliver Oeckler, and Holger Kohlmann. "Hydrogenation Properties of LnAl2 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb), LaGa2, LaSi2 and the Crystal Structure of LaGa2H0.71(2)." Crystals 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9040193.

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Many Zintl phases take up hydrogen and form hydrides. Hydrogen atoms occupy interstitial sites formed by alkali or alkaline earth metals and / or bind covalently to the polyanions. The latter is the case for polyanionic hydrides like SrTr2H2 (Tr = Al, Ga) with slightly puckered honeycomb-like polyanions decorated with hydrogen atoms. This study addresses the hydrogenation behavior of LnTr2, where the lanthanide metals Ln introduce one additional valence electron. Hydrogenation reactions were performed in autoclaves and followed by thermal analysis up to 5.0 MPa hydrogen gas pressure. Products were analyzed by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Phases LnAl2 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb) decompose into binary hydrides and aluminium-rich intermetallics upon hydrogenation, while LaGa2 forms a ternary hydride LaGa2H0.71(2). Hydrogen atoms are statistically distributed over two kinds of trigonal-bipyramidal La3Ga2 interstitials with 67% and 4% occupancy, respectively. Ga-H distances (2.4992(2) Å) are considerably longer than in polyanionic hydrides and not indicative of covalent bonding. 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations on Density Functional Theory (DFT) level confirm that LaGa2H0.7 is a typical interstitial metallic hydride.
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Song, Hao, Zihan Zhang, Tian Cui, Chris J. Pickard, Vladimir Z. Kresin, and Defang Duan. "High T c Superconductivity in Heavy Rare Earth Hydrides." Chinese Physics Letters 38, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 107401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/10/107401.

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Sulfur and lanthanum hydrides under compression display superconducting states with high observed critical temperatures. It has been recently demonstrated that carbonaceous sulfur hydride displays room temperature superconductivity. However, this phenomenon has been observed only at very high pressure. Here, we theoretically search for superconductors with very high critical temperatures, but at much lower pressures. We describe two of such sodalite-type clathrate hydrides, YbH6 and LuH6. These hydrides are metastable and are predicted to superconduct with T c ∼ 145 K at 70 GPa and T c ∼ 273 K at 100 GPa, respectively. This striking result is a consequence of the strong interrelationship between the f states present at the Fermi level, structural stability, and the final T c value. For example, TmH6, with unfilled 4f orbitals, is stable at 50 GPa, but has a relatively low value of T c of 25 K. The YbH6 and LuH6 compounds, with their filled f-shells, exhibit prominent phonon “softening”, which leads to a strong electron-phonon coupling, and as a result, an increase in T c.
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Vidavskiy, Vitaly, Reza Rezaee, Nikolay Larin, Rance Dorrington, Martin Spivey, and Vladimir Vidavskiy. "Natural Hydrogen in the Northern Perth Basin, WA Australia: Geospatial Analysis and Detection in Soil Gas for Early Exploration." Journal of Energy and Natural Resources 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241302.15.

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The scope of this work is to empirically check and prove the practical applicability of the Primordially Hydridic Earth (PHE) concept for early exploration of the resources of naturally occurring hydrogen. With the PHE concept postulates interpreted within the local geological, tectonic, petrological and geophysical context, the reconnaissance plan, as well as the field exploration and data acquisition programs, were put together and implemented in the field. The results obtained from the surface (<1m deep) soil gas survey performed in Western Australia (WA) resulted in values of hundreds of ppm H<sub>2</sub>, including three samples with a concentration of hydrogen exceeding the gas sensor detection limit of 2,000 parts per million (ppm) (the all-Australia record). Similarly, several of the shallow soil samples used for obtaining headspace gas extracts yielded dozens % H<sub>2</sub>, which was established utilizing Gas Chromatography (GC) technology. The latter tests established the all-Australia record of 58.3% (norm.) H<sub>2</sub> concentration from 15 m depth, being the highest reading from the area of research. At one location, a concentration of He exceeding 8,000ppm was detected in a 1m surface soil gas sample analyzed by the independent lab. The most important outcome was finding natural hydrogen where it was expected and predicted. On the other hand, H<sub>2</sub> concentrations exceeding the natural background of 1-3ppm were not detected in the soil gas readings outside of the areas identified using the PHE concept as a theoretical foundation. It may be stated that overall, the practical application of the PHE concept along with the thoroughly planned utilization of carefully selected exploration techniques brings satisfactory results.
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Reckeweg, Olaf, Jay C. Molstad, Scott Levy, and Francis J. DiSalvo. "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the New Ternary Barium Halide Hydrides Ba2H3X (X = Cl or Br)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0104.

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Single crystals of the isotypic hydrides Ba2H3X (X = Cl or Br) were obtained by solid-state reactions of Ba, NaCl, NaNH2 and metallic Na, or Ba, NH4Br and Na, respectively, in sealed, silicajacketed stainless-steel ampoules. The crystal structures of the new compounds were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Ba2H3Cl and Ba2H3Br crystallize in a stuffed anti CdI2 structure and adopt the space group P3̄m1 (No. 164) with the lattice parameters a = 443.00(6), c = 723.00(14) pm and a = 444.92(4), c = 754.48(14) pm, respectively. The hydride positions are derived by crystallographic reasoning and with the help of EUTAX calculations. The results are compared with known data for binary and ternary alkaline earth metal hydrides.
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Goto, Yasuyuki, Hirofumi Kakuta, Atsunori Kamegawa, Hitoshi Takamura, and Masuo Okada. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Hydrides in Mg-RE Systems under High-Pressure (RE = La, Ce, Pr)." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2521.

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The high-pressure synthesis of new hydrides of Mg-RE-H systems, where RE = La, Ce and Pr, were conducted by using a cubic-anvil-type apparatus, and their crystal structure, thermal stabilities and hydrogen contents were investigated. In MgH2-xmol%REH (REH = LaH3, CeH2.5 and PrH3), new hydrides with primitive tetragonal structure were synthesized around x = 25 - 33 under GPa-order high pressures. The lattice constants were a = 0.8193 nm, c = 0.5028 nm, a = 0.8118 nm, c = 0.4979 nm and a = 0.8058 nm, c= 0.4970 nm at x = 25 in Mg-La, Ce and Pr systems, respectively. The hydrogen contents of the novel compounds were 4.1 mass%, 3.7 mass% and 3.9 mass% in Mg-La, Ce and Pr systems, respectively, and the chemical formulas were found to correspond to Mg3LaH9, Mg3CeH8.1 and Mg3PrH9. The new hydrides decomposed into Mg and rare-earth hydride at about 600 K (Mg3LaH9: 614 K, Mg3CeH8.1: 609 K, Mg3PrH9: 630 K) with an endothermic reaction.
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Gebreyohannes, Muez Gebregiorgis, Chernet Amente Geffe, and Pooran Singh. "Computational study of pressurized tetragonal magnesium hydride (MgH4) as a potential candidate for high-temperature superconducting material." Materials Research Express 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 036001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac5e22.

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Abstract The dream of realizing room temperature superconductivity is one of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics. Currently, materials with dense hydrogen contents at high pressures hold great promise for realizing room temperature superconductivity. In particular, pressurized alkaline earth metal hydrides received particular attention following the recently predicted sodalite-like calcium hydride (CaH6) with predicted Tc about 261 K above a pressure of 150 GPa; and magnesium hydride (MgH6) with predicted Tc about 270 K above 300 GPa. In this paper, we studied magnesium hydride (MgH4) with tetragonal (I4/mmm) type symmetry, and we found that this structure shows the highest T c ≅ 313 K at a pressure of 280 GPa which is higher than that of MgH6. Using density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the superconducting transition temperature, electron-phonon coupling, Eliashberg spectral function, and the logarithmic average frequency were computed. Our results reveal that, the computed values are reasonably in agreement with previous estimates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydridic earth"

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Verbraeken, Maarten Christiaan. "Doped alkaline earth (nitride) hydrides." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/714.

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Treuil-Dussouet, Félix. "Photoconductivity in rare earth metal-oxy-hydrides." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416695.

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In this project the evolution of resistivity under light exposition in materials like rare earth metal-oxy-hydrides is studied. These materials observe a decrease of the resistance when exposed under the light of a 19,5 W power lamp, and slowly tend to return to their initial resistance. After having developed a resistance measurement setup, the photoconductivity of different samples (Gd, YHO) was measured in function of the oxygen concentration and in different conditions such as the face of illumination.
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Osterwalder, Jürg. "On the electronic structure of the light rare earth hydrides /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7766.

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Kazi, Suraya. "Electric Transport of Rare-earth Metal Oxy-hydride Thin Films." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-440954.

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In this project, I investigate the photoconductivenature of photochromic rare-earth metal oxy hydrides (REMHO). Such materials have received increasingscientific attention since they show a color-neutralphotochromic effect that can be applied, e.g., in smartwindows or chromogenic devices. Photochromicmaterials reversibly turn opaque from transparentunder illumination with light of optical wavelength. Inrecent studies it was found that these materials alsoshow an instant decrease in resistivity whenilluminated which can be used in optical sensors. Tounderstand the nature of this photoconductive effect,I grew yttrium oxy hydride thin films by reactivemagnetron sputtering. I measured the resistivity forillumination from front and substrate side, opticaltransmission and compositions of the samples andrelated the results to photoconductivity. I show thatphotoconductivity is a bulk effect and not directlyrelated to photochromism. Samples that almost lostphotochromism due to aging, still show strongphotoconductivity. Moreover, it was observed that theresistance increased faster during bleaching for frontillumination than for back illumination.
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Kramer, Mathias. "Cationic alkyl and hydride complexes of the rare earth metals." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998740497/04.

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Pianalto, Frederick Scott 1961. "Laser spectroscopy of strontium-sulfide and alkaline earth monoborohydrides." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276739.

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Three gas phase alkaline earth molecules were analyzed using dye laser spectroscopy. The A¹Σ⁺ - X¹Σ⁺ transition of gas phase SrS was studied with high resolution techniques. The 0-0, 0-1, 1-1, 2-1, 3-0, 3-2, 4-1, 5-1, and 5-2 bands were rotationally analyzed and spectroscopic constants were determined. The A¹Σ⁺ state was extensively perturbed. Ground state (X¹Σ⁺) constants derived from the analysis of the nine vibrational levels include: ωₑ = 388.2643 cm⁻¹, Bₑ = 0.1208034(33) cm⁻¹, and rₑ = 2.439687(14) Å. Excited state (A¹Σ⁺) constants determined include: Tₑ = 13932.7068(10) cm⁻¹, ωₑ = 339.1454(20) cm⁻¹, Bₑ = 0.1139895(38) cm⁻¹, and rₑ = 2.511601(17) Å. The spectra of calcium and strontium borohydrides were observed using low resolution laser spectroscopy. The spectra were assigned to the òA₁ - Ẋ²A₁ and Ḃ²E - Ẋ²A₁ transitions of CaBH₄ and SrBH₄. The vibrational frequencies of the metal-ligand stretch determined for CaBH₄ were 457 cm⁻¹ (Ẋ²A₁), 473 cm⁻¹ (Ā²A₁), and 465 cm⁻¹ (Ḃ²E). The corresponding SrBH4 frequencies were 399 cm⁻¹, 420 cm⁻¹, and 421 cm⁻¹.
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Aðalsteinsson, Sigurbjörn Már. "Study of rare-earth oxy-hydrides as candidates for photochromic materials." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396533.

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Kramer, Mathias [Verfasser]. "Cationic Alkyl and Hydride Complexes of the Rare-Earth Metals / Mathias Kramer." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161300929/34.

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Sobaczynski, Adam [Verfasser], and Rhett [Akademischer Betreuer] Kempe. "Alkane Elimination Reactions between Transition Metal Hydrides and Rare-Earth Alkyls / Adam Sobaczynski. Betreuer: Rhett Kempe." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060010151/34.

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Ekvall, Katrin. "Time resolved laser spectroscopy : non-linear polarisation studies in condensed phase and lifetime studies of alkaline earth hydrides /." Stockholm, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3063.

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Books on the topic "Hydridic earth"

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Larin, V. N. Hydridic earth: The new geology of our primordially hydrogen-rich planet. Calgary: Polar Pub., 1993.

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Wijn, H. P. J., ed. Rare Earth Elements, Hydrides and Mutual Alloys. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b38356.

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J, Vepraskas Michael, Sprecher Steven William, Soil Science Society of America. Division S-10., Soil Science Society of America. Division S-5., and American Society of Agronomy. Division A-2., eds. Aquic conditions and hydric soils: The problem soils. Madison, Wisc: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 1997.

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Rauch, Michael S. Main Group Metal Hydride, Alkyl and Fluoride Complexes: Towards CO2 Functionalization with Earth Abundant Metals. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Angulo, Ruiz de. Production and characterisation of giant magnetostrictive RFe2 (R=rare earth) materials and their hydrides by powder metallurgy routes. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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J, Vepraskas Michael, Sprecher S. W, Soil Science Society of America. Division S-10., Soil Science Society of America. Division S-5., American Society of Agronomy. Division A-2., and Soil Science Society of America. Meeting, eds. Aquic conditions and hydric soils: The problem soils : proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Divisions S-10 and S-5 of the Soil Science Society of America and A-2 of the American Society of America [i.e. Agronomy] in Seattle, Washington, 14 November 1994. Madison, Wis: Soil Science Society of America, 1997.

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Achiwa, N., H. Drulis, R. R. Arons, M. Drulis, and S. Kawano. Rare Earth Elements, Hydrides and Mutual Alloys (Numerical Data & Functional Relationships in Science & Technology). Springer, 1991.

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Sprecher, S. W., and M. J. Vepraskas. Aquic Conditions and Hydric Soils: The Problem Soils. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.

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McCarthy, Gregory J., and J. J. Rhyne. The Rare Earths in Modern Science and Technology. Springer, 2011.

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Sprecher, S. W., and M. J. Vepraskas. Aquic Conditions and Hydric Soils: The Problem Soils (S S S a Special Publication). Soil Science Society of America, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydridic earth"

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Papaconstantopoulos, Dimitrios A. "Alkaline Earth Hydrides." In Band Structure of Cubic Hydrides, 75–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06878-2_4.

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Papaconstantopoulos, Dimitrios A. "Rare Earth Hydrides." In Band Structure of Cubic Hydrides, 121–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06878-2_5.

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Shima, Takanori, and Zhaomin Hou. "Molecular Rare Earth Hydride Clusters." In Recent Development in Clusters of Rare Earths and Actinides: Chemistry and Materials, 315–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2016_7.

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Wang, Changzhen. "Rare Earth Hydrides and Hydrogen Storage Alloys." In Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials, 217–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4178-8_13.

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Ratishvili, I. G., and N. Z. Namoradze. "Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Ordering in the Rare-Earth Superstoichiometric Dihydrides." In Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides, 35–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0600-2_4.

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Nikitin, S. A., I. S. Tereshina, E. A. Ovtchenkov, V. N. Verbetsky, and A. A. Salamova. "Effect Of Interstitial Hydrogen and Nitrogen on the Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Magnetostriction of Rare — Earth — Transition — Metal Intermetallics." In Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides, 23–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0558-6_3.

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Badding, J. V., H. K. Mao, and R. J. Hemley. "High-Pressure Crystal Structure and Equation of State of Iron Hydride: Implications for the Earth's Core." In High-Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, 363–71. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm067p0363.

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Tarasov, B. P., S. N. Klyamkin, V. N. Fokin, D. N. Borisov, D. V. Schur, and V. A. Yartys. "Metal Hydride Accumulators of Hydrogen on the Basis of Alloys of Magnesium and Rare-Earth Metals with Nickel." In Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials, 143–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2669-2_13.

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Burrows, Andrew, John Holman, Simon Lancaster, Tina Overton, Andrew Parsons, Gwen Pilling, and Gareth Price. "Hydrogen." In Chemistry3. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198829980.003.0025.

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This chapter considers hydrogen to have the simplest atoms of all the elements, which means that the hydrogen atom is the only one for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved exactly. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe, and the tenth most abundant element on Earth by mass, but it does not occur naturally on Earth in the elemental form. The chapter confirms why binary hydrides can be protic or hydridic and describes the character of a particular hydride. It illustrates how to predict whether the bonding in a binary hydride is covalent or ionic, and whether a covalent hydride is likely to contain bridging hydrogen atoms. Calculating the effects of replacing hydrogen by deuterium on infrared stretching frequencies is also covered.
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Chung Wai Mak, Thomas, Yu-San Cheung, Gong-Du Zhou, and Ying-Xia Wang. "Structural Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metals." In Structural Chemistry across the Periodic Table, 39–72. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198872955.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter covers the following topics: survey of the alkali metals, structure and bonding in inorganic alkali metal compounds, structure and bonding in organic alkali metal compounds, alkalides and electrides, survey of the alkaline-earth metals, structure of compounds of alkaline-earth metals, organometallic compounds of Group 2 elements, alkali and alkaline-earth metal complexes with inverse crown structures, as well as alkaline-earth metal hydrides.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hydridic earth"

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Chung, Chih-Ang, Ci-Siang Lin, and Ci-Jyun Ho. "Computational Study of Hydrogen Storage Performance in Metal Hydride Reactors." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24059.

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Hydrogen as the most abundant element on Earth is viewed to be a promising energy carrier. For transmission, hydrogen stored as metal hydrides is a potent candidate for its advantages in safe and reliability and being able to offer high energy density compared to the conventional ways such as high pressure gas and liquefaction. Metal hydriding is basically an exothermic process. The heat released will cause an increase in temperature and raise the absorption equilibrium pressure as high as that of the supplied hydrogen gas, which may in turn stop the hydriding process. On the other hand, metal dehydriding is an endothermic process. A temperature decrease can retard desorption and even bring down the dissociation equilibrium pressure as low as the back pressure to stop dehydriding. Therefore, reducing thermal resistance of the storage vessels and enhancing heat transfer of the storage system have become a critical issue for the success of hydrogen storage using metal hydrides. This work models the metal hydriding/dehydriding process in order to assess the vessel design on heat transfer enhancement to improve the performance of hydrogen storage with metal hydrides. First of all, the thermal-fluid behavior of hydrogen storage was modeled including gas flow and energy equations. The vessel is considered to be equipped with an air pipe at the centre line with internal fins. Detailed theoretical models that describe force convection of the heat exchange pipe and natural convection at the lateral wall are constructed. Results from the simulation show that the addition of a concentric heat exchanger pipe with fins can enhance the reaction rates. The work demonstrates how computer aided engineering can be applied to evaluate the performance of hydrogen storage designs, and help reduce experimental efforts in developing the hydrogen storage systems.
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Anglade, Elsa, Alain Sellier, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, and Aurélie Papon. "An Experimental Study on Clay and Sand Mixes to Develop a Non-Linear Homogenized Model for Earth Construction Materials." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.293.

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Due to its ecological interest and large availability, a renewed attention is paid to earth as building material. Indeed, raw earth consumes CO2 only during its processing and transportation, and it provides a natural hygrothermal comfort. However, its mechanical properties are highly linked to its composition, which causes an important variability of performances. That is why any soil has to be characterized before being used as a building material. The aim of this study is to propose a model able to predict the hydromechanical behavior of a reconstituted soil according to its composition. As earth is a heterogeneous material, the model is based on homogenization procedures. The sand is considered as spherical inclusions inside a clay matrix. The particularity of the model stands to consider both positive and negative effects of volume variation and mechanical properties of clay under hydric variations. The model parameters are determined according to an original experimental campaign, which is conducted on various mixes of a single type of clay (kaolinite) and of sand, and water. The experimental study provides some mechanical properties of the mixes versus water content and sand content to test the ability of the homogenization model to assess the main properties of this material.
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Kvashnina, K. O. "Influence of hydrogen on properties of rare-earth hydrides studied by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy." In HYDROGEN IN MATTER: A Collection from the Papers Presented at the Second International Symposium on Hydrogen in Matter (ISOHIM). AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2213081.

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Chitimbo, Taini, Feras Abdul-Samad, Noémie Prime, and Olivier Plé. "Hydro-Mechanics Coupling on Rammed Earth Material: Drying Experiment at Structural Scale." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.698.

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Rammed earth structures are very sensitive to hydric conditions. Experimental studies have been undertaken to understand the link between liquid water transfer and mechanical behavior at structural scale. This study was done on a prismatic rammed earth sample of 15cm x 15cm x 45cm, structured as a wall element with several layers. Samples were subjected to one dimensional drying in an indoor environment. Humidity and temperature sensors were placed on each layer inside the sample. The kinetic of drying was monitored by continuous weighing the sample and humidity measurement at a regular interval. Results of water content evolution suggest that samples dry in two stages; the first stage is associated with relatively high evaporation flux of 13.88 g m-2h-1 while the second stage has very low flux of moisture evaporation. Unconfined compressive strength was performed in drying samples after 0, 2, 6 and 8 weeks of drying. In parallel, digital image correlation was used to determine the stiffness of samples. Results show an increase in compressive strength by the rate of 98 kPa per week in the first two weeks, then this rate reduces to 23 KPa per weeks after 8 weeks. These experimental results will allow to enhance the 3D hydro mechanical numerical model developed in the laboratory.
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Guo, Hui, Xin Jin, Kuaiyuan Feng, and Hanyang Gu. "Alternative Absorber Materials for Control Rods in ALFRED." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-61123.

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Abstract The next-generation reactors require improved safety performance and longer cycle length, which initiate the research on alternative absorber materials. In this context, potential absorber materials including borides (B4C, HfB2, and ZrB2), rare earth oxides (Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Sm2O3, and Dy2TiO5), metals/alloys (Hf and AIC), and metal hydride (HfHx) were compared in a large sodium fast reactor. The design of control rods for Generation-IV fast reactors strongly depends on the core characteristics. In this paper, some alternative absorbers are assessed in a lead fast reactor ALFRED using depletion capability in the Monte-Carlo particle transport code OpenMC. Results show that the ALFRED reference control rod design with B4C largely satisfies the shutdown and operation requirements. 60% 10B enriched HfB2 and HfH1.18 can replace the operation part of the reference design. In the future, the safe operating life of B4C and HfB2 should be assessed taking into account the irradiation-induced swelling, temperature margin, and gas release. HfH1.18 has a limited and local influence on the core power distribution. Eu2O3 has little loss on the absorption ability after 5 cycle irradiation. This oxide absorber satisfies the shutdown function even with only half control rod insertion, while its critical insertion depth at beginning of the cycle should be increased to realize reactivity compensation function.
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