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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrazine oxidation reaction (HHOR)'

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Published: 29 March 2025

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1

Yu, Ting, Hu Zhang, Yongzhi Ning, Hongling Li, Ziteng Gao, Bo Wang, and Zhijun Cen. "Experimental and Kinetic Simulations of Technetium-Catalyzed Hydrazine Oxidation in Nitric Acid Solution." Processes 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2024): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12112319.

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The catalytic reaction of Tc plays a significant role in the chemical separation process during spent fuel reprocessing. However, few studies have been conducted on the chemical reaction mechanism between Tc and hydrazine. Moreover, the instability of Tc(V) and Tc(VI) makes their measurement difficult, rendering many aspects of the reaction process and mechanism unclear. This study investigates the catalytic reaction between Tc and hydrazine in a nitric acid solution. To this end, we obtained the kinetic laws of the reaction under various conditions of acidity, hydrazine concentration, and Tc concentration by monitoring the concentrations of hydrazine and Tc(VII) over time. The reaction kinetics model demonstrated that numerical simulations could effectively predict the reaction process. Results indicated that hydrazine promotes the reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV), constituting the basis for establishing the Tc(IV, V, VI, VII) catalytic cycle. Among these, Tc(V) and Tc(VI) were important active intermediates and the main consumers of hydrazine. The research results may be useful for actinide separation processes based on valence control.

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2

Liu, Weiwei, Junfeng Xie, Yanqing Guo, Shanshan Lou, Li Gao, and Bo Tang. "Sulfurization-induced edge amorphization in copper–nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets promoting hydrazine electro-oxidation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 42 (2019): 24437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta07857f.

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The electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) has drawn extensive attention due to its high energy conversion efficiency and wide applications in hydrazine-assisted water splitting and direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFC).

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3

Brockmann, Marcela, Freddy Navarro, José Ibarra, Constanza León, Francisco Armijo, María Jesús Aguirre, Galo Ramírez, and Roxana Arce. "Effect of the Metal of a Metallic Ionic Liquid (-butyl-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate) on the Oxidation of Hydrazine." Catalysts 14, no. 6 (May 31, 2024): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14060359.

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This work investigates the electrocatalytic properties of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with ionic liquids (IL) and metallic ionic liquid (ILFe) for the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). The results indicate that ILFe significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the electrode, exhibiting catalysis towards hydrazine oxidation, reducing overpotential, and increasing reaction current. It is determined that the HzOR on the MWCNT/MO/ILFe electrode involves the transfer of four electrons, with high selectivity for nitrogen formation. Additionally, ILFe is observed to improve the wettability of the electrode surface, increasing its capacitance and reaction efficiency. This study highlights the advantages of ILFe-modified CPEs in terms of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and improved performance for electrochemical applications, demonstrating how the ionic liquid catalyzes hydrazine oxidation despite its lower conductivity.

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4

Miao, Ruiyang, and Richard G. Compton. "The Electro-Oxidation of Hydrazine: A Self-Inhibiting Reaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 12, no. 6 (February 5, 2021): 1601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00070.

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5

Lee, Hak Hyeon, JI Hoon CHOI, Dong Su Kim, and Hyung Koun Cho. "Diffusion-Restricted Cation Exchange Derived Rhodium Nanoparticles for Hydrazine Assisted Hydrogen Production." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 49 (December 22, 2023): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02493222mtgabs.

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Water splitting using renewable energy is a promising hydrogen production method without carbon emission. However, oxygen evolution reaction still suffers from its large overpotential and sluggish kinetics. Thus, alternative oxidation reactions rather than oxygen evolution reaction, such as ammonia, alcohols and hydrazine oxidation reaction are developed for hydrogen production. Rh is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical hydrazine splitting that can promote hydrogen evolution reaction on the cathode, which is a much more energy-saving way to generate hydrogen gas than water splitting. Unfortunately, Rh is also one of the most expensive novel metals on the market. Nevertheless, only a few studies have considered the amount of used Rh. In this study, the diffusion-restricted cation exchange (CE) process is suggested as an effective method to reduce the mass of inactive Rh for enhanced mass activity. By immersing the NiOOH substrate in the Rh3+ aqueous solution, Rh3+ atoms are easily exchanged with Ni3+ atoms in the NiOOH lattice on the surface, and the RhOOH forms on the outermost layer. Then, the RhOOH compounds are reduced into metallic rhodium by an electrochemical reduction process, resulting in fine Rh nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm. Due to the suppression of Rh aggregation, a doubled mass activity for electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction is attained compared to that of conventional electrodeposited Rh catalysts. As a result, the proposed CE-derived Rh catalyst shows stability over 36 hours under the two-electrode hydrazine splitting system.

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6

Li, Yapeng, Jihua Zhang, Yi Liu, Qizhu Qian, Ziyun Li, Yin Zhu, and Genqiang Zhang. "Partially exposed RuP2 surface in hybrid structure endows its bifunctionality for hydrazine oxidation and hydrogen evolution catalysis." Science Advances 6, no. 44 (October 2020): eabb4197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb4197.

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Replacing the sluggish anode reaction in water electrolysis with thermodynamically favorable hydrazine oxidation could achieve energy-efficient H2 production, while the shortage of bifunctional catalysts limits its scale development. Here, we presented the scalable one-pot synthesis of partially exposed RuP2 nanoparticle–decorated carbon porous microsheets, which can act as the superior bifunctional catalyst outperforming Pt/C for both hydrazine oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, where an ultralow working potential of −70 mV and an ultrasmall overpotential of 24 mV for 10 mA cm−2 can be achieved. The two-electrode electrolyzer can reach 10 mA cm−2 with a record-low cell voltage of 23 mV and an ultrahigh current density of 522 mA cm−2 at 1.0 V. The DFT calculations unravel the notability of partial exposure in the hybrid structure, as the exposed Ru atoms are the active sites for hydrazine dehydrogenation, while the C atoms exhibit a more thermoneutral value for H* adsorption.

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7

Wang, Honglei, and Shengyang Tao. "Fabrication of a porous NiFeP/Ni electrode for highly efficient hydrazine oxidation boosted H2 evolution." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 8 (2021): 2280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00043h.

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Here, a simple dual-regulation strategy is reported to synthesize porous P-NiFeP/Ni nanoflowers for enabling the anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction and the cathodic energy-saving hydrogen evolution reaction.

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8

Li, Bin, Kefeng Wang, Jingxiao Ren, and Peng Qu. "NiOOH@Cobalt copper carbonate hydroxide nanorods as bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient water and hydrazine oxidation." New Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 16 (2022): 7615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nj00518b.

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NiOOH@cobalt copper carbonate hydroxide nanorods demonstrate enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and oxygen evolution reaction, enabling energy-saving hydrogen production with the assistance of the HzOR.

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9

Ma, Xiao, Jianmei Wang, Danni Liu, Rongmei Kong, Shuai Hao, Gu Du, Abdullah M. Asiri, and Xuping Sun. "Hydrazine-assisted electrolytic hydrogen production: CoS2nanoarray as a superior bifunctional electrocatalyst." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 12 (2017): 4754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00326a.

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A CoS₂nanoarray on Ti mesh acts as an efficient and durable catalyst for the hydrazine oxidation reaction and it only needs 0.81 V to attain 100 mA cm⁻²in 1.0 M KOH with 100 mM hydrazine for its two-electrode electrolyser.

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10

Shukla, Madhurani, and Kishore K. Tiwari. "A Simple and Low - Cost Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination Of Hydrazine With Methyl Red-iodate System." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 30, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2017-30-1-1.

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A simple, sensitive and inexpensive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amount of hydrazine at microgram level. Hydrazine has been determined by its oxidation to nitrogen by using known excess of potassium iodate. In acidic medium potassium iodate bleaches the methyl red dye. A known excess of potassium iodate was reduced when treated with hydrazine and the unreacted potassium iodate is determined by using methyl red. The method was based on inhibitory effect of hydrazine on the reaction of methyl red dye and potassium iodate in presence of acidic medium. The absorbance of the methyl red after the reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically at 520 nm. The molar absorptivity is calculated to be 3.238×105 L mol-1cm-1. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 1-10 µg of hydrazine in an overall aqueous volume of 25 ml with a correlation coeffcient of - 0.999. Sandell’s sensitivity was found to be 0.0004µg cm-2. The optimum reaction conditions like time, temperature, pH, reagent concentration, effect of foreign species etc. have been evaluated for the complete reaction. The developed method can be successfully applied for the determination of trace amount of hydrazine in environmental samples.

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11

Kadam, Ravishankar G., Tao Zhang, Dagmar Zaoralová, Miroslav Medveď, Aristides Bakandritsos, Ondřej Tomanec, Martin Petr, et al. "Single Co‐Atoms as Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction." Small 17, no. 16 (March 30, 2021): 2006477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202006477.

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12

Zhang, Chaoxiong, Wenjuan Yuan, Qian Wang, Xianyun Peng, Xijun Liu, and Jun Luo. "Single Cu Atoms as Catalysts for Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction." ChemNanoMat 6, no. 10 (July 22, 2020): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202000337.

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13

Shi, Jie, Qintao Sun, Jinxin Chen, Wenxiang Zhu, Tao Cheng, Mengjie Ma, Zhenglong Fan, et al. "Nitrogen contained rhodium nanosheet catalysts for efficient hydrazine oxidation reaction." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 343 (April 2024): 123561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123561.

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14

Liu, Meng, Rong Zhang, Lixue Zhang, Danni Liu, Shuai Hao, Gu Du, Abdullah M. Asiri, Rongmei Kong, and Xuping Sun. "Energy-efficient electrolytic hydrogen generation using a Cu3P nanoarray as a bifunctional catalyst for hydrazine oxidation and water reduction." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 3 (2017): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qi00384b.

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15

Ionita, Petre, Marcela Rovinaru, and Ovidiu Maior. "THE PREPARATION AND SOME REACTION OF 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-(3,6-DINITR0-4-COUMARINYL) HYDRAZYL FREE RADICAL." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 6, no. 7 (December 20, 1998): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v6.n7.1998.58_1998_2.pdf.

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The new persistent 2,2-diphenyl-1-(3,6-dinitro-4-coumarinyl)hydrazyl free radical 4 was obtained by potassium permanganate or lead dioxide oxidation of the corresponding 2,2-diphenyl-1-(3,6-dinitro-4-coumarinyl)hydrazine 3; hydrazine 3 reacts with nitrous acid to give successively the 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-1-(3,6-dinitro-4-coumarinyl) hydrazine 6 and 2,2-(p-nitrophenyl)-1-(3,6-dinitro-4-coumarinyl) hydrazine 7. Compound 6 results also from free radical 4 and sodium nitrite in the presence of 15-C-5 crown ether. The structure of new compounds was confirmed by means of TLC, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, IR, and for the free radicals by the EPR spectra.

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16

Jetten, M. S. M., I. Cirpus, B. Kartal, L. van Niftrik, K. T. van de Pas-Schoonen, O. Sliekers, S. Haaijer, et al. "1994–2004: 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330119.

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The obligately anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reaction with nitrite as primary electron acceptor is catalysed by the planctomycete-like bacteria Brocadia anammoxidans, Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Scalindua sorokinii. The anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. They have a unique prokaryotic organelle, the anammoxosome, surrounded by ladderane lipids, which exclusively contains the hydrazine oxidoreductase as the major protein to combine nitrite and ammonia in a one-to-one fashion. In addition to the peculiar microbiology, anammox was shown to be very important in the oceanic nitrogen cycle, and proved to be a very good alternative for treatment of high-strength nitrogenous waste streams. With the assembly of the K. stuttgartiensis genome at Genoscope, Evry, France, the anammox reaction has entered the genomic and proteomic era, enabling the elucidation of many intriguing aspects of this fascinating microbial process.

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17

Wang, Yu‐Cheng, Li‐Yang Wan, Pei‐Xin Cui, Lei Tong, Yu‐Qi Ke, Tian Sheng, Miao Zhang, et al. "Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction: Porous Carbon Membrane‐Supported Atomically Dispersed Pyrrole‐Type FeN 4 as Active Sites for Electrochemical Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction (Small 31/2020)." Small 16, no. 31 (August 2020): 2070171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202070171.

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18

Kumaran, R., S. Boopathi, M. Kundu, M. Sasidharan, and G. Maduraiveeran. "The morphology-dependent electrocatalytic activities of spinel-cobalt oxide nanomaterials for direct hydrazine fuel cell application." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 15 (2018): 13087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01622d.

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19

Yue, Xiaoyu, Andrea Manach, Junzhe Dong, and Wei Gao. "Preparation of Ag-decorated TiO2 nanotube electrode and its catalytic property." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2019): 1940023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921940023x.

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Novel Ag/TiO2 nanotubes electrode has been synthesized by successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) using TiO2 nanotubes as the catalyst support. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis show that Ag nanoparticles have been successfully deposited on the top of TiO2 nanotubes. The Ag/TiO2 nanotubes electrode has a superior electro-catalytic property for hydrazine oxidation with a low onset potential and high current density. The result indicates that Ag/TiO2 nanotube electrode has a potential application for hydrazine sensor and hydrazine fuel cell.

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20

Jiao, Dongxu, Yu Tian, Hongxia Wang, Qinghai Cai, and Jingxiang Zhao. "Single transition metal atoms anchored on a C2N monolayer as efficient catalysts for hydrazine electrooxidation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 29 (2020): 16691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02930k.

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21

Tang, Piaoping, He Wen, and Ping Wang. "Hierarchically nanostructured Ni2Fe2N as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation reaction." Chemical Engineering Journal 431 (March 2022): 134123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.134123.

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22

Lashkenari, Mohammad Soleimani, Behnia Shahrokhi, Mohsen Ghorbani, Jaber falah, and Hussein Rostami. "Polyrhodanine/NiFe2 O4 nanocomposite: A novel electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation reaction." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 24 (June 2018): 11244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.05.019.

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23

Shi, Jie, Qintao Sun, Wenxiang Zhu, Tao Cheng, Fan Liao, Mengjie Ma, Junjun Yang, Hao Yang, Zhenglong Fan, and Mingwang Shao. "Lattice stain dominated hydrazine oxidation reaction in single-metal-element nanosheet." Chemical Engineering Journal 463 (May 2023): 142385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142385.

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24

Koh, Katherine, Yuying Meng, Xiaoxi Huang, Xiaoxin Zou, Manish Chhowalla, and Tewodros Asefa. "N- and O-doped mesoporous carbons derived from rice grains: efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation." Chemical Communications 52, no. 93 (2016): 13588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06140k.

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A novel synthetic route, combining hydrothermal synthesis, templating and pyrolysis, is demonstrated for the first time on biomass to produce highly efficient, metal-free mesoporous carbon electrocatalysts for the hydrazine oxidation reaction.

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25

Gao, Xueqing, Yigang Ji, Shan He, Shuni Li, and Jong-Min Lee. "Self-assembly synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-supported platinum nanowire composites with enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrazine oxidation reaction." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 9 (2016): 3143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01764e.

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26

Kovaleva, Svetlana V., and Andrey V. Korshunov. "Voltammetric method for determining hydrazine at a composite polymer-carbon electrode modified with gold particles." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 11 (November 27, 2024): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/11/4858.

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Relevance. Hydrazine and its derivatives are used in the production of corrosion inhibitors, medicines, pesticides, dyes, polymers, components of energy production and storage systems, rocket fuels. The prospect of replacing carbon fuels with hydrazine is associated with its high calorific value and the formation of environmentally friendly oxidation end products (nitrogen, water). A serious disadvantage limiting the widespread use of hydrazine is its high toxicity. When exposed to the human and animal body, hydrazine and its compounds have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, affect the central nervous system, and cause anemia. In this regard, the development of new and improvement of existing methods for the determination of hydrazine and its compounds in environmental objects, technological and biological environments is an urgent task. Aim. To establish the possibility of voltammetric determining hydrazine in solutions using a composite polymer-carbon electrode modified with gold particles. Objects. Solutions of hydrazine salts; aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis and salts. Methods. DC voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, computational modeling of ion-molecular equilibria. Results. The oxidation of hydrazine in solutions of N2H4×H2SO4+0.1 М KNO3 on a polymer-carbon electrode modified with gold particles under conditions of voltammetry with linear potential sweep proceeds at potentials E>0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl electrode) with a pronounced maximum current of anodic oxidation in the range of 0.5...0.9 V. Hydrazine oxidation on a modified electrode proceeds at low potentials due to the manifestation of the effect of electrocatalysis. It is established that the delayed stage of the electrode process is single-electron transfer. The reaction is of the first order in terms of hydrazine, is irreversible and is controlled by the diffusion of the substrate to the electrode surface. Based on the results of the analysis of the dependence of the maximum value of the hydrazine oxidation current on the modified electrode on the conditions of voltammetry (solution concentration, potential sweep rate, pH), a method for determining hydrazine in solutions is proposed. The following conditions for recording voltammograms are optimal: nitrogen deaerated background electrolyte 0.1 M KNO3, pH=5...7, the potential range for recording an analytical signal is 0.2...1.0 V, the potential sweep rate is 50 mV/s. Under these conditions, the dependence of the maximum value of the anodic oxidation current on the hydrazine concentration is described by linear regression equations in the ranges of 1×10–5…1×10–4 and 1×10–4…1.5×10–3 M N2H4 (the detection limit is 2.1×10–6 M). In comparison with the electrodes known from the literature, the modified electrode used in the work does not require a costly preparation and storage procedure, according to its analytical characteristics, the proposed method is not inferior to the most highly sensitive electrochemical methods for determining hydrazine.

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27

Ma, Yuanyuan, Hui Wang, Weizhong Lv, Shan Ji, Bruno G. Pollet, Shunxi Li, and Rongfang Wang. "Amorphous PtNiP particle networks of different particle sizes for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine." RSC Advances 5, no. 84 (2015): 68655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13774h.

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Amorphous PtNiP particle networks with different particle sizes prepared via the reaction temperature control method showed high catalytic activity for hydrazine oxidation compared to the Pt and PtNi catalysts due to its porous, amorphous structure.

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28

Stepanova, Elena V., and Andrei I. Stepanov. "UNUSUAL WAY OF REACTION OF 3-AMINO-4-(5-CHLOROMETHYL-1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE-3-YL)-FURAZAN WITH HYDRAZINE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017604.5522.

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The results of our study of the pathways of selective reactivity of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan versus 5-unsubstituted or 5-methyl and 5-trifluoromethyl substituted 4-(5R-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazans (R = H, Me, CF3) towards the action of hydrazine are discussed. If the reductive opening of 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring in unsubstituted at the С-5 atom (1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan derivatives under the treatment with hydrazine can be used as a method for the preparation of a range of amidrazones of 4-R-furazan-3-carboxylic acid. 3-amino-4-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine gives amidoxime of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid. 3-amino-4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) furazan is inert to the action of hydrazine, on the contrary the reaction of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine leads to oxidation of chloromethyl group of titled compound to the carbonyl one. In this case the product of reaction of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine was isolated in a form of corresponding hydrazonomethyl derivative notably as 3-amino-4-(5-hydrazonomethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of hydrazonomethyl group by oxidation reaction of chloromethyl group by hydrazine is proposed. 3-Amino-4-(5-hydrazonomethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan undergoes a transhydrazination reaction with semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide. But our attempts to its hydrolysis for the purpose to obtain free aldehyde were unsuccessful. Thus, hydrolysis of hydrazonomethyl derivative in acetic acid in the presence of catalytic amount of sulfuric acid results in azine – N,N'-bis(3-(4-aminofurazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethylyden)hydrazine – precipitation, long-duration boiling in hydrochloric acid leads to Kishner-Wolff reduction of the carbonyl group to 3-amino-4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan, and hydrolysis in alkaline medium leads to 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring opening to amidoxime of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid. Synthesis of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan (R = CH2Cl) was carried out by condensation of amidoxime of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid with an excess of chloroacetyl chloride in toluene at elevated temperature. The reaction proceeds through formation of intermediate product – 3-chloromethylamino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan. Removing of N-chloroacetyl group in such obtained intermediate was performed by hydrolysis in acidic media. One-pot synthesis without the need for isolation and purification of intermediate is allowed. The structures of obtained compounds were proved by modern methods of physical-chemical analysis (1H, 13C NMR, IR and MS spectroscopy).Forcitation:Stepanova E.V., Stepanov A.I. Unusual way of reaction of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 26-32.

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29

Breza, Martin, and Alena Manova. "Hydrazine Oxidation in Aqueous Solutions I: N4H6 Decomposition." Inorganics 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2023): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11100413.

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A mixture of nonlabeled (14N2H4) and 15N labeled hydrazine (15N2H4) in an aqueous solution is oxidized to 15N2, 14N2, and 14N15N molecules, indicating the intermediate existence of the 14NH2-14NH-15NH-15NH2 with subsequent hydrogen transfers and splitting of side N-N bonds. The structures, thermodynamics and electron characteristics of various N4H6 molecules in aqueous solutions are investigated using theoretical treatment at the CCSD/cc-pVTZ level of theory to explain the crucial part of the hydrazine oxidation reaction. Most N4H6 structures in aqueous solutions are decomposed during geometry optimization. Splitting the bond between central nitrogen atoms is the most frequent method, but the breakaway of the side nitrogen is energetically the most preferred one. The N-N fissions are enabled by suitable hydrogen rearrangements. Gibbs free energy data indicate the dominant abundance of NH3... N2... NH3 species. The side N atoms have very high negative charges, which should support hydrogen transfers in aqueous solutions. The only stable cyclo-(NH)4…H2 structure has a Gibbs energy that is too high and breaks the H2 molecule. The remaining initial cyclic structures are split into hydrazine and HN≡NH or H2N≡N species, and their relative abundance in aqueous solutions is vanishing.

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30

Na, Jaedo, and Seong Jung Kwon. "Expanding Single-Entity Electrochemistry with Agarose Hydrogel: Enhanced Signal Stability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 70 (November 22, 2024): 4904. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02704904mtgabs.

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Single-entity electrochemistry (SEE) was performed using agarose hydrogel. Typically, SEE is studied in liquid electrolytes, where challenges arise from signal variation due to nanoparticle (NP) aggregation and perturbations of background signals caused by natural convection of the liquid electrolyte. To address these issues, we conducted SEE using a solid electrolyte agarose hydrogel. First, cyclic voltammetry measurements for hydrazine oxidation were conducted to confirm differences of mass transfer characteristics between liquid electrolytes and agarose hydrogel. The experimental results confirmed that the diffusion coefficient of hydrazine in agarose hydrogel was linearly decreased with increasing agarose hydrogel concentration. Subsequently, we conducted SEE of Pt NPs for the hydrazine oxidation reaction using agarose hydrogel with various concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. As the concentration of agarose hydrogel increased, the structure's porosity became denser, resulting in slower diffusion rates of hydrazine and NPs. These differences were analyzed by changes in the size, shape, and frequency of the signals. In agarose hydrogel, diffusion of NPs and hydrazine was slower compared to liquid electrolytes, leading to decreased signal size and frequency. However, the agarose hydrogel matrix generates more uniform signals by excluding effects from aggregated NPs and impurities. Furthermore, minimizing background current fluctuations due to natural convection increases the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, making signal analysis more convenient.

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Schalk, Jos, Hege Oustad, J. Gijs Kuenen, and Mike S. M. Jetten. "The anaerobic oxidation of hydrazine: a novel reaction in microbial nitrogen metabolism." FEMS Microbiology Letters 158, no. 1 (January 1998): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12801.x.

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Hu, Sheng-Nan, Na Tian, Meng-Ying Li, Chi Xiao, Yao-Yin Lou, Zhi-You Zhou, and Shi-Gang Sun. "Trapezohedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets for high-performance hydrazine electrooxidation." Chemical Synthesis 3, no. 1 (2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.32.

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Direct hydrazine fuel cell is a promising portable energy conversion device due to its high energy density and free of carbon emissions. To realize the practical applications, the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) is crucial. Metal nanocrystals with high-index facets have abundant step sites with reactivity. In this study, we prepared trapezohedral Pt nanocrystals (TPH Pt NCs) enclosed by {311} high-index facets and investigated the catalytic performance for hydrazine oxidation. TPH Pt NCs possess a specific activity of 39.1 mA·cm-2 at 0.20 V, much higher than {111}-faceted octahedral (13.9 mA·cm-2) and {100}-faceted cubic Pt NCs (9.11 mA·cm-2). Meanwhile, TPH Pt NCs also show superior stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicates that Pt(311) facilitates the deprotonation of N2H4* to N2H3* (the rate-determining step) and improves the HzOR activity. This study is helpful for the design of advanced electrocatalysts for HzOR, especially high-index faceted Pt nanocatalysts.

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Zhang, Weijie, Pingping Jiang, Ying Wang, Jian Zhang, Yongxue Gao, and Pingbo Zhang. "Bottom-up approach to engineer a molybdenum-doped covalent-organic framework catalyst for selective oxidation reaction." RSC Adv. 4, no. 93 (2014): 51544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09304f.

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We synthesized a readily accessible molybdenum-doped covalent-organic framework catalyst (Mo-COF) linked by a hydrazine linkage via a facile two-step bottom-up approach. This Mo-COF catalyst as an open nanochannel-reactor showed promising catalytic properties for the selective oxidation reaction.

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Mitic, Violeta, Snezana Nikolic, and Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic. "Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine." Open Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0021-3.

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AbstractA kinetic spectrophotometric method for hydrazine determination in the range of 9.36×10−7 to 4.37×10−5 mol dm−3, based on the inhibitory effect of hydrazine on the oxidation of Victoria Blue 4- R by KBrO3, was developed and validated. Kinetic parameters are reported for both the indicating and the inhibiting reaction. The detection limit was established as 9.98×10−8 mol dm−3. The selectivity of the proposed method was tested considering the influence of different ions that may be present in real samples. The method was successfully applied for hydrazine determination in various samples (very pure water from the water-steam system of a power plant and Isoniazid tablets, a pharmaceutical product). The novel kinetic spectrophotometric method proposed was found to have satisfactory analytical characteristics as well as being widely applicable due to its simplicity and speed.

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35

Liu, Feng, Xin Jiang, Hong-Hui Wang, Cheng Chen, Yu-Han Yang, Tian Sheng, Yong-Sheng Wei, Xin-Sheng Zhao, and Lu Wei. "Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction on High-Index Faceted Au Concave Trioctahedral Nanocrystals." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07700.

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36

Wang, Yahui, Xianyi Liu, Juan Han, Yumao Kang, Yajun Mi, and Wei Wang. "Phosphatized pseudo-core-shell Ni@Pt/C electrocatalysts for efficient hydrazine oxidation reaction." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 11 (February 2020): 6360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.132.

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37

Kahani, Seyed Abolghasem, and Massumeh Khedmati. "Mechanochemical Preparation of Cobalt Nanoparticles through a Novel Intramolecular Reaction in Cobalt(II) Complexes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/246254.

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A novel solid state reaction involving a series of cobalt(II) hydrazine-azides has been used to prepare metallic cobalt nanoparticles. The reactions of [Co(N2H4)(N3)2], [Co(N2H4)2(N3)2], and [Co(N2H4)(N3)Cl]·H2O via NaOH, KOH as reactants were carried out in the solid state. These complexes undergo an intramolecular two-electron oxidation-reduction reaction at room temperature, producing metallic cobalt nanoparticles (Co1–Co6). The aforementioned complexes contain cobalt(II) that is an oxidizing agent and also hydrazine ligand as a reducing agent. Other products produced include sodium azide and ammonia gas. The cobalt metal nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The synthesized cobalt nanoparticles have similar morphologies; however, their particle size distributions are different.

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38

Op den Camp, H. J. M., B. Kartal, D. Guven, L. A. M. P. van Niftrik, S. C. M. Haaijer, W. R. L. van der Star, K. T. van de Pas-Schoonen, et al. "Global impact and application of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 1 (January 20, 2006): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340174.

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In the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, ammonia is oxidized with nitrite as primary electron acceptor under strictly anoxic conditions. The reaction is catalysed by a specialized group of planctomycete-like bacteria. These anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. The reactions are assumed to be carried out in a unique prokaryotic organelle, the anammoxosome. This organelle is surrounded by ladderane lipids, which make the organelle nearly impermeable to hydrazine and protons. The localization of the major anammox protein, hydrazine oxidoreductase, was determined via immunogold labelling to be inside the anammoxosome. The anammox bacteria have been detected in many marine and freshwater ecosystems and were estimated to contribute up to 50% of oceanic nitrogen loss. Furthermore, the anammox process is currently implemented in water treatment for the low-cost removal of ammonia from high-strength waste streams. Recent findings suggested that the anammox bacteria may also use organic acids to convert nitrate and nitrite into dinitrogen gas when ammonia is in short supply.

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39

Pang, Kanglei, and Kanglei Pang. "Redirecting Configuration of Atomically Dispersed Selenium Catalytic Sites for Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 60 (November 22, 2024): 4065. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02604065mtgabs.

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Thorough understanding of reconstructed active sites evolving from their initial states is crucial for a variety of catalytic reactions, as it not only promotes an atomic-level comprehension of the catalytic mechanism but also guides the design of practically usable catalysts. In particular under electrochemical operation, the reconstruction phenomenon of surface sites during reactions. After reconstruction, the active site is no longer the original pristine structure but rather the newly formed surface site. Exploring surface reconstruction under Operando catalytic conditions can aid in a better understanding of the active sites and catalytic pathways, helping designing more efficient catalyst systems. Atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs), specifically the ones based on carbon, show tremendous potential in critical electrochemical reactions, including the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), which exhibits zero-carbon emissions and possesses a high energy density, presents considerable promise for the application of hydrazine fuel cells with improved power density. The dynamic reconstruction of atomically dispersed catalytic sites during electrocatalytic processes has emerged as a subject of intensive investigation. On one hand, knowledge of the reconstruction process is crucial, as it provides deep insights into the atomically dispersed active site and catalytic mechanism, laying a firm basis for material innovation. On the other hand, atomically dispersed catalytic sites have clear and uniform coordination structures, making them ideal quasi-model catalysts for revealing reconstruction mechanisms of active sites. However, discovering these reconstruction behaviors has focused primarily on metallic atomically dispersed catalytic sites so far, leaving non-metallic ones much unexplored, despite the fact that their performance in catalysis is comparable to or even superior to that of costly noble metals. An accurate vision of active sites during reactions is vital in developing non-metallic atomically dispersed catalysts; from a scientific perspective, it is essential to extract information about possible dynamic reconstruction processes in non-metallic atomically dispersed catalytic sites, similar to that of metallic ones. Combining ex situ high resolution electron microscopy and in situ X-ray adsorption spectroscopy to monitor the structurally uniform and well-defined single atomic site of atomically dispersed catalyst as an ideal model system could provide valuable atomic insights to active sites and the corresponding catalytic reaction mechanism. In situ techniques, particularly operando near and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS and XANES) spectroscopies, in which the probe parameters such as the edge intensity, “white line”, and its energy position are affected by spectator species adsorbed on the electrode surface and intermediates formed upon reaction, may deliver chemical fingerprints that capture evolution of active sites during reaction In this study, we synthesized a carbonaceous, non-metallic atomically dispersed selenium (Se) catalyst and confirmed the atomically dispersed configuration of Se in a SeC4 configuration. The as-prepared Se ADCs was found active in the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline media (-114 mV (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) at a current density of 1 mA cm-2), even surpassing that of noble-metal platinum (Pt) catalysts. Using the Se ADCs as a quasi-model catalyst, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy were used to trace the dynamic reconstruction process of atomically dispersed Se catalytic sites. We found that pristine SeC4 will pre-adsorb an *OH ligand in alkaline aqueous solutions, and the electrochemical oxidation of the N2H4 molecule will subsequently occur on the opposite side of the OH-SeC4. Theoretical calculations suggest that the pre-adsorbed *OH group pulls electrons from the Se site, resulting in a more positively charged Se and a higher polarity of Se-C bonds, and consequently higher surface reactivity toward HzOR. Our findings provide valuable insights into the reconstruction mechanism of atomically dispersed semimetallic catalytic sites and promote their practical use in a wide range of energy systems. Figure 1

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40

Wang, Hui, Qing Dong, Lu Lei, Shan Ji, Palanisamy Kannan, Palaniappan Subramanian, and Amar Prasad Yadav. "Co Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electro-Oxidation of Hydrazine." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112857.

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Structural engineering is an effective methodology for the tailoring of the quantities of active sites in nanostructured materials for fuel cell applications. In the present study, Co nanoparticles were incorporated into the network of 3D nitrogen-doped carbon tubes (Co@NCNTs) that were obtained via the molten-salt synthetic approach at 800 °C. Morphological representation reveals that the Co@NCNTs are encompassed with Co nanoparticles on the surface of the mesoporous walls of the carbon nanotubes, which offers a significant active surface area for electrochemical reactions. The CoNPs/NCNTs-1 (treated with CaCl2) nanomaterial was used as a potential candidate for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine, which improved the response of hydrazine (~8.5 mA) in 1.0 M NaOH, as compared with CoNPs/NCNTs-2 (treated without CaCl2), NCNTs, and the unmodified GCE. Furthermore, the integration of Co helps to improve the conductivity and promote the lower onset electro-oxidation potential (−0.58 V) toward the hydrazine electro-oxidation reaction. In particular, the CoNPs/NCNTs-1 catalysts showed significant catalytic activity and stability performances i.e., the i-t curves showed notable stability when compared with their initial current responses, even after 10 days, which indicates the significant durability of the catalyst materials. This work could present a new approach for the design of efficient electrode materials, which can be used as a favorable candidate for the electro-oxidation of liquid fuels in fuel cell applications.

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Lellek, Vit, Cheng-yi Chen, Wanggui Yang, Jie Liu, Xuebao Ji, and Roger Faessler. "An Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles from One-Pot Reaction of Ketones, Aldehydes, and Hydrazine Monohydrochloride." Synlett 29, no. 08 (February 15, 2018): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591941.

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An efficient, one-pot and metal-free process for the preparation of 3,5-disubstituted and 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles on multi-gram scale was developed. One-pot condensation of ketones, aldehydes and hydrazine monohydrochloride readily formed pyrazoline intermediates under mild conditions. Oxidation of pyrazolines, in situ, employing bromine afforded a wide variety of pyrazoles. The methodology offers a fast, and often chromatography-free protocol for the synthesis of 3,4,5-substituted pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. Alternatively, a more benign oxidation protocol affords 3,5-disubstituted or 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles by simply heating pyrazolines in DMSO under oxygen.

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42

Mótyán, Gergő, Barnabás Molnár, János Wölfling, and Éva Frank. "Microwave-Assisted Stereoselective Heterocyclization to Novel Ring d-fused Arylpyrazolines in the Estrone Series." Molecules 24, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030569.

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Microwave-assisted syntheses of novel ring d-condensed 2-pyrazolines in the estrone series were efficiently carried out from steroidal ,-enones and hydrazine derivatives. The ring-closure reaction of 16-benzylidene estrone 3-methyl ether with hydrazine in acetic acid resulted in a 2:1 diastereomeric mixture of two 16,17-cis fused pyrazolines, which is contrary to the former literature data for both stereoselectivity and product structure. However, the cyclization reactions of a mestranol-derived unsaturated ketone with different arylhydrazines in acidic ethanol furnished the heterocyclic products in good to excellent yields independently of the substituents present on the aromatic ring of the reagents applied. The MW conditions also permitted the ring-closure reaction with p-nitrophenylhydrazine which is unfavorable under conventional heating. Moreover, the transformations led to the heterocyclic compounds stereoselectively with a 16,17-cis ring junction without being susceptible to spontaneous and promoted oxidation to pyrazoles.

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43

Chen, Shi, Changlai Wang, Shuai Liu, Minxue Huang, Jian Lu, Pengping Xu, Huigang Tong, Lin Hu, and Qianwang Chen. "Boosting Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction on CoP/Co Mott–Schottky Electrocatalyst through Engineering Active Sites." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 12, no. 20 (May 17, 2021): 4849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00963.

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44

Kim, Yong Seok, Byeongkyu Kim, Tae Yup Jeong, Na Hyeon Kim, Eunchae Ko, Jong Wook Bae, and Chan-Hwa Chung. "The development of a gas-feeding CO2 fuel cell using direct hydrazine oxidation reaction." Journal of CO2 Utilization 73 (July 2023): 102527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102527.

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45

Munde, Ajay, Priti Sharma, Somnath Dhawale, Ravishankar G. Kadam, Subodh Kumar, Hanumant B. Kale, Jan Filip, Radek Zboril, Bhaskar R. Sathe, and Manoj B. Gawande. "Interface Engineering of SRu-mC3N4 Heterostructures for Enhanced Electrochemical Hydrazine Oxidation Reactions." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121560.

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Hydrazine oxidation in single-atom catalysts (SACs) could exploit the efficiency of metal atom utilization, which is a substitution for noble metal-based electrolysers that results in reduced overall cost. A well-established ruthenium single atom over mesoporous carbon nitride (SRu-mC3N4) catalyst is explored for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine as one of the model reactions for direct fuel cell reactions. The electrochemical activity observed with linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) confirmed that SRu-mC3N4 shows an ultra-low onset potential of 0.88 V vs. RHE, and with a current density of 10 mA/cm2 the observed potential was 1.19 V vs. RHE, compared with mesoporous carbon nitride (mC3N4) (1.77 V vs. RHE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (i-t) studies on SRu-mC3N4 show a smaller charge-transfer resistance (RCt) of 2950 Ω and long-term potential, as well as current stability of 50 h and 20 mA/cm2, respectively. Herein, an efficient and enhanced activity toward HzOR was demonstrated on SRu-mC3N4 from its synergistic platform over highly porous C3N4, possessing large and independent active sites, and improving the subsequent large-scale reaction.

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46

Yu, Hui Jiang, Zheng Guang Zou, Fei Long, Chun Yan Xie, and Hao Ma. "Preparation of Graphene with Ultrasound-Assisted in the Process of Oxidation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1784.

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To get single-layer of graphene, exfoliating fully intercalated graphite oxide into single- layer graphene oxide is one of the important factors. In this paper, graphite oxide prepared by the Improved Hummers Method, and ultrasound was added to the Low-temperature Reaction of this oxidation process to improve the efficiency of intercalation. Then the obtained graphene oxide was dispersed with surfactant and reduced with Hydrazine Hydrate. XRD patterns indicated that the layer distance of graphite oxide did increased at the aid of the ultrasound, and the obtained reduced products were single- and few-layer. FT-IR analysis further confirmed the preparation of graphite oxide and graphene.

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47

Zhu, Libo, Jian Huang, Ge Meng, Tiantian Wu, Chang Chen, Han Tian, Yafeng Chen, et al. "Active site recovery and N-N bond breakage during hydrazine oxidation boosting the electrochemical hydrogen production." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (April 10, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37618-2.

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AbstractSubstituting hydrazine oxidation reaction for oxygen evolution reaction can result in greatly reduced energy consumption for hydrogen production, however, the mechanism and the electrochemical utilization rate of hydrazine oxidation reaction remain ambiguous. Herein, a bimetallic and hetero-structured phosphide catalyst has been fabricated to catalyze both hydrazine oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions, and a new reaction path of nitrogen-nitrogen single bond breakage has been proposed and confirmed in hydrazine oxidation reaction. The high electro-catalytic performance is attributed to the instantaneous recovery of metal phosphide active site by hydrazine and the lowered energy barrier, which enable the constructed electrolyzer using bimetallic phosphide catalyst at both sides to reach 500 mA cm−2 for hydrogen production at 0.498 V, and offer an enhanced hydrazine electrochemical utilization rate of 93%. Such an electrolyzer can be powered by a bimetallic phosphide anode-equipped direct hydrazine fuel cell, achieving self-powered hydrogen production at a rate of 19.6 mol h−1 m−2.

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48

Xiao, Zehao, Jie Wang, Hongxiu Lu, Yinyin Qian, Qiang Zhang, Aidong Tang, and Huaming Yang. "Hierarchical Co/MoNi Heterostructure Grown on Monocrystalline CoNiMoOx Nanorods with Robust Bifunctionality for Hydrazine-oxidation-assisted Energy-saving Hydrogen Evolution." Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ta02930a.

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Replacing thermodynamically unfavorable water oxidation by hydrazine oxidation reaction to accomplish energy-saving hydrogen evolution while efficiently disposing toxic hydrazine-rich wastewater is generally considered as an advantageous strategy. However, unsatisfactory high...

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49

Burshtein, Tomer Y., Kesha Tamakuwala, Matan Sananis, Ilya Grinberg, Nagaprasad Reddy Samala, and David Eisenberg. "Understanding hydrazine oxidation electrocatalysis on undoped carbon." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00213b.

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The catalytic role of the most abundant component in Fe–N–C electrocatalysts – the carbon matrix – is investigated towards the hydrazine oxidation reaction in alkaline media, revealing the central role of edge defects in the activity.

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50

Zhang, Chao, mengrui zhang, Jianping Zhu, Bin Liu, Yongkang Hou, Jingping Wang, and Jingyang Niu. "Ultrafine Co6W6C as an Efficient Anode Catalyst for Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cell." Chemical Communications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc03446d.

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Ultrafine ternary carbide Co6W6C@C nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized and these NPs exhibited high catalytic activities for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) under alkaline conditions. In a practical O2-hydrazine fuel cell...

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