Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hydrazene

Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrazene'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrazene"

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Ibtehal K. Abdullah and Meaad K. Buniya. "Preparation and Identification of some heterocyclic compounds from cyano compounds." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, no. 5 (February 10, 2023): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i5.1245.

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This article included prepared cyano acetic acid hydrazid from interaction cyano ethylacetate with hydrate hydrazen, and interaction with 2- acytel thiophene and 2- acytelpyridine it will formation of hydrazide- hydrazone derivative (I, II), and through the undergo the compounds (I,II) for chain of interactions with different chemical materials then enclosed cyclo formed derivative of (arylidene ,coumarin , aryl hydrazon , thiophene ) . Prepared compounds have been studied and Identification by physical and spectral means.
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Ekram Abdullah Basheer, Kalid Matny Al-jaanaby, and Feras Shauki Al-joboury. "Synthesis a Number of Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From Levofloxacin." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, no. 5 (February 10, 2023): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i5.1244.

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In this paper, the preparation a number of heterocyclic compounds five membered rings like oxadiazole, imidazolidine, thiozolidine, tetrazole, azetidine 2-on. Hydrazide (1) was synthesized from the reaction of levofloxacin with hydrazine hydrate. Hydrazone compounds (2-9) were synthesized from the reaction (1) with a number of aldehydes, and 3-acetyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol (10-17) was prepared from the reaction of hydrazones (2-9) with acetic anhydride, 5-oxo-2-aryl imadazoldine derivative (18-25) were prepared from the reaction of hydrazone derivatives (2-9) with glycine, while the reaction of hydrazone with thioglygolic acid gave 4-oxo-2-aryl-thiozolidine (26-33),tetrazole derivative(34-41)prepared from the reaction of hydrazone(2-9) with sodium azide in tetrahyro furan.azetidine-2-on(42-49)with chloro acetyl chloride in DMF and and in the presence of triethyl amine these compounds were characterized on bases of spectral and physical data.
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Agili, Fatimah. "Novel Hydrazide Hydrazone Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Dynamics." Processes 12, no. 6 (May 22, 2024): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061055.

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Ester 2 was produced by reacting thiourea derivative 1 with ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate in MeOH containing piperidine. Hydrazide 3 was produced by reacting the latter ester with hydrazine hydrate in EtOH at reflux. By reacting hydrazide 3 with aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes, twelve derivatives of hydrazide hydrazone 5a–l were produced. Spectral measurements and elemental analysis verified the molecular structure. Compounds 2, 5a, 5c, 5d, and 5f had strong effects on all the pathogenic bacterial strains according to an evaluation of the antimicrobial qualities of the synthetic compounds. With inhibitory zone diameters ranging from 16 to 20.4 mm, hydrazide hydrazone 5f exhibited the strongest activity. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed. The best outcomes were found with hydrazones 5c and 5f. For B. subtilis, the MIC of 5c was 2.5 mg/mL. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, the MIC of 5f was 2.5 mg/mL. The molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) was utilized to compute binding free energies via a molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the most active compounds, 5f and 5c. Moreover, computational analyses demonstrated that 5f had a substantial affinity for the active site of DNA gyrase B, suggesting that this compound could be a strong platform for new structure-based design efforts.
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Kaur, Aneet Kamal, Renu Bala, Poonam Kumari, Sumit Sood, and Karan Singh. "Microwave Assisted Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction on Substituted Cyclohexanone Hydrazones: Synthesis of Novel 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroindazole Derivatives." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666180917101637.

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Vilsmeier-Haack reaction is one of the most important chemical reactions used for formylation of electron-rich arens. Even though Vilsmeier-Haack reaction was studied on a wide variety of hydrazones of enolizable ketones, literature lacks the examples of the use of 4-substituted cyclohexanones as a substrate. The cyclization potential of hydrazones of cyclic keto compounds is still interested topic of investigation. In the present study, the reaction of various hydrazines with 4-substituted cyclohexanones was proceeded and the resulted hydrazones in crude form were treated with Vilsmeier- Haack reagent using both conventional as well as microwave methods. The reaction of phenyl hydrazine with 4-phenylcyclohexanone yielded the corresponding tetrahydro-1H-carbazole instead of hydrazone during solvent evaporation at 40ºC. By keeping the temperature of water bath to 0ºC, the corresponding hydrazone was isolated in crude form which was immediate treated with POCl3/DMF for 10 min at 90ºC using microwave irradiation method afforded novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole derivative. Using this optimized condition, the substrate scope for the synthesis of tetrahydroindazole derivatives was explored and synthesized total 6 final compounds. The microwave assisted synthesis of tetrahydroindazoles from 4-substituted cyclohexanones has been reported for the first time under mild conditions in good yield. Easy work up procedure, high yielding, shortened reaction times, clean and ecofriendly are the main advantages of this protocol.
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Prateeptongkum, Saisuree, Nongnaphat Duangdee, and Wiratchanee Mahavorasirikul. "Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Coumarin Hydrazide-Hydrazone Derivatives in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 7 (May 1, 2024): 7628. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7628.

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Coumarin and aryl hydrazide-hydrazone have attracted our attention due to their vast biological properties. Previous studies suggested that coumarin-tethered aryl hydrazide-hydrazone showed potent activities against HepG2. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic potency of the coumarin derivatives 1 - 3 to compare with coumarin hydrazine-hydrazone hybrids 4 and 5 against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and LH86 cell lines. Among the tested coumarins, hybrids 4 and 5 showed highly potent activity against HepG2 with IC50 values of 17.82 ± 2.79 and 7.87 ± 0.88 𝜇g/mL, respectively. The hybrid 4 also showed the strongest activity against LH86 cell line with IC50 values of 48.32 ± 2.64 𝜇g/mL. Further, we have studied the mechanism of action of the hybrid compounds 4 and 5 in HepG2 cells via the flow-cytometry analysis and the activation of the caspase-3 and caspase-7. The results showed that hybrids 4 and 5 obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cell line through inducing apoptosis. HIGHLIGHTS Focusing on coumarin and aryl hydrazide-hydrazone possess significant biological properties. We reported the preparation of coumarin hydrazine-hydrazone hybrids and evaluated their effects against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and LH86. The hybrid compounds exhibited high potency against HepG2 and LH86. Flow-cytometry and caspase-3/7 expression analysis revealed that the hybrid compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Alheety, Nuaman. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Study of Some New Substituted Benzoxazole Derivatives." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.616.

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This research included the preparation of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (N1) by the reaction of ortho-aminophenol with carbon disulfide in an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. The 2-mercapto benzoxazole (N1) was then treated with hydrazine to obtain the 2-hydrazino benzoxazole (N2). A number of hydrazones (N3-N5) were prepared through the reaction of N2 with different benzaldehydes. The compound (N6) was also prepared whereby the ring closing of hydrazone (N3) using chloroacetylchloride, while the compound (N7) was prepared by treating 2-hydrazino benzoxazole with acetylacetone. When the compound (N1) was treated with formaldehyde, it afforded the compound (N8). Also, the N9 was obtained from the reaction of N1 with chloroacetic acid in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The prepared compounds were characterized using physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods such as melting point, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Thereafter, some of the compounds were selected for in vitro antibacterial activity and one of these compounds showed an inhibition effect against gram positive only which is very important because it is considered as specific antibacterial drug.
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Popiołek, Łukasz. "Updated Information on Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrazide–Hydrazones." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179389.

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Hydrazide–hydrazones possess a wide spectrum of bioactivity, including antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antiviral, and antiprotozoal properties. This review is focused on the latest scientific reports regarding antibacterial, antimycobacterial, and antifungal activities of hydrazide–hydrazones published between 2017 and 2021. The molecules and their chemical structures presented in this article are the most active derivatives, with discussed activities having a hydrazide–hydrazone moiety as the main scaffold or as a side chain. Presented information constitute a concise summary, which may be used as a practical guide for further design of new molecules with antimicrobial activity.
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Al-Shiekh, Mariam A., Hanady Y. Medrassi, Mohamed H. Elnagdi, and Ebtisam A. Hafez. "Substituted Hydrazonals as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A New Route to Arylhydrazonocinnolines." Journal of Chemical Research 2007, no. 7 (July 2007): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x234617.

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2-heteroylhydrazonopropanals 2a–e and 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals 2f–k were prepared via coupling of enaminones 1 with aromatic diazonium salts. Compounds 2a–c condensed with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding hydrazones 3a–c which afford on cyclisation the cinnoline derivatives 6a–c, while condensation of 2g, j with hydrazine hydrate directly yielded the pyrazole derivatives 4g–j. Condensation of 2a–c, f, g with phenyl hydrazine gave the corresponding phenyl hydrazone derivatives 7a–c, f, g. Structures of 2a, h and 3a were assessed by single crystal X-ray analyses.
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Avdeenko, A. P., S. A. Konovalova, I. Yu Yakymenko, V. M. Baumer, S. V. Shishkina, and V. V. Pirozhenko. "Interaction of 4-{[(tolyl(methane)sulphonyl)oxy]imino}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones with N-nucleophiles." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 1 (January 2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-134-1-3-11.

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Hydrazones of 1,4-benzoquinone, which have a wide range of biological activities, can be synthesized in the reactions of 4-{[(arylsulfonyl)oxy]imino}cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ones or N-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ylidene)arylsulfonamides with N-substituted hydrazines. In this study, the reaction of 2,6-disubstituted 4-{[(tolyl(methane)sulfonyl)oxy]imino}cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ones with aroylhydrazides gave N'-(3,5-dialkyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ylidene)aroylhydrazides, which can be obtained by cross-synthesis in the reaction of N-(3,5-dialkyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)arylsulfonamides with aroylhydrazides. As a result of the reaction of 4-{[(tolyl(methane)sulfonyl)oxy]imino}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones with phenylhydrazine, stable 4-hydroxyanilinium tolyl(methane)sulfates were isolated. Their structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction data. We suggested that at the first stage of the reaction between 4-{[(tolyl(methane)sulfonyl)oxy]imino}cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ones and hydrazines, the N–O bond of starting 4-(oxyimino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-one was broken forming sulfonic acid and corresponding quinoneimine. The latter either can be reduced to corresponding aminophenol under reaction conditions or can react with an excess of N-substituted hydrazine yielding corresponding hydrazide. The formation of N'-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ylidene)arohydrazides is facilitated by a lower basicity of hydrazide and a lower redox potential of quinoneimine.
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Wu, Shouting, Xi Liang, Fang Luo, Hua Liu, Lingyi Shen, Xianjiong Yang, Yali Huang, et al. "Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bioactivity of Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acylhydrazone Derivatives." Molecules 26, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175320.

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A phenazine-1-carboxylic acid intermediate was synthesized from the reaction of aniline and 2-bromo-3-nitro-benzoic acid. It was then esterified and reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford phenazine-1-carboxylic hydrazine. Finally, 10 new hydrazone compounds 3a–3j were obtained by the condensation reaction of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid hydrazide and the respective aldehyde-containing compound. The structures were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The antitumor activity of the target compounds in vitro (HeLa and A549) was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. The results showed that compound (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-(piperidine-1-yl) ethoxy) benzyl) phenazine-1-carbonyl hydrazide 3d exhibited good cytotoxic activity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrazene"

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Guevrekian, Soghomoniantz Marina. "Synthèse de nouvelles hydrazones dérivées d'hydrazines disubstituées en position 1 : étude de leurs propriétés antibactériennes, de leur cytotoxicité sur deux espèces d'algues et de leur toxicité sur les alevins de truites." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F059.

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Cette thèse est constituée de deux parties, chimique et biologique. Des hydrazines disubstituées en position 1, soit par deux groupes acyles, soit par un groupe acyle et un groupe alkyle ou aralkyle, ont été préparées par une méthode originale. Ces hydrazines ont ensuite été traitées par des diacétates de nitro-5 furfurylidène ou de nitro-5 thénylidène pour donner les hydrazones correspondantes. Par ailleurs, la dibenzyloxycarbonyl-1,1 hydrazine a été synthétisée et utilisée pour faire la réaction de REES et des dérivés nouveaux de lfamino-1 aziridine ont été obtenus. Les hydrazones ont été testées sur trois espèces de bactéries : certaines d'entre elles présentent une activité sur Staphylococcus aureus et sur Escherichia coli. La plupart des nouvelles hydrazones ont été ensuite testées pour déterminer leur cytotoxicité sur deux espèces d'algues (marine et d'eau douce). L'une d'elles est cytotoxique à 3 ppm. Enfin, en raison d'éventuelles applications de ces résultats dans l'industrie, une étude de leur toxicité a été réalisée sur les alevins de truites : le produit le plus intéressant n'est toxique pour les alevins de truites qu'à une concentration sept fois supérieure à celle de sa cytotoxicité sur les algues.
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Belkheiri, Nadji. "Dérivés phénoliques à activités antiathérogènes." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/961/.

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Les maladies cardio-vasculaires (MCV) représentent la première cause de mortalité et de morbidité dans les pays industrialisés. Il a été clairement démontré que la peroxydation des lipoprotéines, essentiellement les lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDL), constitue une étape critique d'un processus très complexe aboutissant à l'athérosclérose. En effet, l'augmentation relative des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO) due au stress oxydant, induit par le biais des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées (LDLox), un dysfonctionnement vasculaire. Les dérivés phénoliques sont connus pour leurs propriétés antioxydantes et plus particulièrement leurs propriétés piégeurs de radicaux libres. D'autre part, les hydrazones sont des piégeurs de carbonyles efficaces. Dans ce cadre, les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit sont centrés sur la recherche de nouvelles molécules duales possédant des propriétés antioxydantes et cytoprotectrices vis-à-vis de l'action délétère des carbonyles issus de la peroxydation lipidiques des LDLs. Sur la base des résultats antérieurs du laboratoire, nous avons conçu et synthétisé un ensemble de dérivés phénoliques nouveaux issus d'une même brique moléculaire : la bisvanilline. Des bishydrazones symétriques et/ou disymétriques possédant dans ce cas une fonction vinyl-phosphonate et une fonction hydrazone ont été préparées et étudiées. Dans le même temps, les monohydrazones correspondantes issues du syringaldéhyde ont été synthétisées et testées. Dans un premier temps, les effets antioxydants et cytoprotecteurs ont été déterminés pour toutes les molécules synthétisées. Les composés les plus efficaces ont ensuite subi des tests complémentaires, pour évaluer leurs effets piégeurs de carbonyles, de radicaux NO° et O2-° dans des systèmes cellulaires (études in vitro). Les résultats obtenus montrent sans ambiguité que, pour la première fois, nous avons synthétisé des molécules possédant à la fois une activité antioxydante et un effet piégeur de carbonyle. Enfin, l'activité in vivo du composé le plus actif, a été évaluée. Dans un second temps, des études physicochimiques ont été menées afin de comprendre le mode d'action de ces composés à travers trois activités potentielles en liaison avec leurs propriétés antiathérogènes. Ces tests sont basés sont sur : -La capacité des composés synthétisés à piéger les radicaux stables DPPH• et ABTS•+. -Les propriétés complexantes des ces composés vis-à-vis du métal Cu. -L'action inhibitrice du composé le plus actif vis-à-vis de la production in vitro de l'anion superoxyde O2-°
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries. It has been clearly shown that peroxidation of lipoproteins, mainly low density lipoprotein (LDL), is a critical stage of a very complex process leading to atherosclerosis. Indeed, the relative increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress, induced by means of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a vascular dysfunction. The phenolics are known for their antioxidant properties, especially their free radical scavengers. On the other hand, the hydrazones are effective scavengers carbonyls. In this context, the work described in this manuscript are focused on the research of new molecules with dual cytoprotective and antioxidant properties vis-à-vis the deleterious action of carbonyls from lipid peroxidation of LDL. Based on previous results of the laboratory, we designed and synthesized a new set of phenolics from the same brick molecular the bisvanilline. Bishydrazones of symmetrical and / or with dissymmetry in this case is a function of vinyl-phosphonate and function hydrazone were prepared and studied. At the same time, from the corresponding monohydrazones syringaldehyde have been synthesized and tested. Initially, the antioxidant and cytoprotective were determined for all the molecules synthesized. The most effective compounds were then tested further to assess the effects of carbonyl scavengers, radical O2°- and NO° cell systems (in vitro). The results show unambiguously that, for the first time, we have synthesized molecules with both antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger effect. Finally, the in vivo activity of the most active compound, was evaluated. In a second step, Physicochemical studies have been conducted to understand the mode of action of these compounds through three potential activities in conjunction with their antiatherogenic properties. These tests were on: -The ability of the compounds synthesized radical scavenging stable DPPH• and ABTS•+. -The complexing properties of these compounds with respect to the Cu metal. -The inhibitory action of the compound most active with respect to the in vitro production of superoxide anion O2- degrees
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Zerkout, Saïd. "Synthèse d'hydrazino peptides." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL052N.

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La modification de la liaison amide dans les peptides a plusieurs conséquences potentielles: une biodégradabilité réduite, une possible modulation structurale due aux perturbations du réseau de liaisons hydrogène, et éventuellement, une bio-activité modulée pour l'analogue pseudopeptidique résultant, sans nécessiter de changer les chaines latérales. Nous avons étudie les perturbations structurales induites par la substitution d'une liaison amide par un groupe hydrazide dans diverses séquences mono-, di- et tripeptidiques protégées à leurs deux extrémités par une fonction amide, et contenant l'analogue hydrazine de la proline ou de l'alanine. L'analyse conformationnelle a été conduite à l'état solide par diffraction des rayons X, en solution par spectroscopie infrarouge et résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton, et par modélisation moléculaire. Après des considérations générales sur les structures des peptides et pseudopeptides, l'aspect chimique et technique de ce travail est présenté dans le second chapitre. Le troisième chapitre rassemble les données spectroscopiques et les conclusions sur les structures présentes qui sont ensuite discutées en référence aux séquences peptidiques originelles. La conclusion principale est que le groupe hydrazide induit localement un repliement du à la nucléophilie de l'oxygène du carbonyle et de l'azote alpha qui participent tous les deux a une liaison hydrogène bifide avec le site N-H amide immédiatement situe en aval. La conformation repliée qui en résulte est très stable, et capable de donner naissance à une forme globalement repliée de la molécule, de façon très semblable au repliement beta dans les peptides
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Hsu, Ivann Hong, Joanna Emerson, Andrew Wong, and Phillip Zinsli. "2-HYDROXYETHYL HYDRAZINE AND HYDRAZINE HYDRATE PLANT DESIGN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192492.

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Huttenhower, Hillary Anne. "Development of new chemistry for a dual use hydrazine thruster, switchable room temperature ionic liquids, a study of silane grafting to polyethylene and its model compounds, synthesis of the novel hydrazine replacement fuel molecules 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazine and 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazone." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41055.

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This thesis focuses on the development of new compounds or new processes that are more environmentally friendly and economical than those currently in use. The decomposition of hydrazine, a well established liquid rocket fuel for both the aerospace and defense industries, to the product ammonia is studied. Control of this reaction will allow hydrazine to be used as a propellant for both chemical and electric propulsion. From this a dual stage thruster will be developed that will be more efficient than current systems decreasing the amount of propellant needed and allowing for either a larger mission payload or a longer duration of individual missions. Hydrazine, while beneficial and well established, is also highly toxic, so other work in this thesis focuses on the synthesis of the novel molecule 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazine or DMAEH and its hydrazone intermediate 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazone or De-DMAEH as less toxic hydrazine replacements. Novel "switchable" ionic liquids have been investigated in this research. These are solvents that can change from molecular liquids to ionic liquids and back, simply with the addition or removal of CO₂ from the system. They can be used for a variety of applications, including as solvents for a reaction and separation system. Due to the recyclable nature of these solvents, waste is decreased making their development and implementation both environmentally and economically beneficial. Finally, the grafting reaction of vinyl silanes onto a hydrocarbon backbone is investigated. Fundamental work is being performed to study the graft distribution, selectivity and mechanism by which this reaction occurs. A more thorough understanding of how this reaction proceeds will allow for the development of a more efficient industrial process.
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Saalmann, Thomas. "Umwandlung cyclischer Hydrazine." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97226888X.

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Le, Duc Minh. "Nouvelle stratégie d’élaboration de la monométhylhydrazine via le procédé Raschig en utilisant la technologie des microréacteurs : synthèse de la chloramine dans des conditions quasi-stoechiométriques et isolement en une seule étape multifonctionnelle." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10335.

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Ce travail effectué dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec le groupe Safran-Heraklès, a pour objectif le développement d'une nouvelle stratégie d'élaboration de la monométhylhydrazine (MMH) par intensification du procédé Raschig, en utilisant la technologie des microréacteurs. Ce composé est aujourd'hui une molécule à fort potentiel dans le domaine de la propulsion, de l'industrie pharmaceutique ainsi que dans le domaine de l'agrochimie. Ce travail a été financé par la Région Rhône-Alpes sous la forme d'une bourse doctorale CIBLE 2008-2011. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la synthèse de la monochloramine élaborée dans des conditions quasi-stoechiométriques et à l'étude de sa stabilité. Cette synthèse a été réalisée pour la première fois, en continu, à l'aide de la technologie des microréacteurs. Les conditions optimales de synthèse ont été déterminées ainsi que les paramètres de sécurité, en vue d'un transfert industriel rapide et sécuritaire. La deuxième partie concerne l'objectif majeur du nouveau procédé qui consiste à extraire, sous pression, la totalité des produits organiques (monométhylhydrazine et monométhylamine (MMA)), sous la forme d'une phase condensée, par démixtion des solutions brutes de synthèse. Ce phénomène est lié à l'existence d'une lacune de miscibilité à l'état liquide dans le système ternaire MMA-H2O-NaOH. L'optimisation de la démixtion a nécessité l'établissement systématique des diagrammes de phases impliqués. La dernière partie aborde l'aspect génie des procédés. Une modélisation cinétique de la synthèse de la MMH par voie Raschig a été entreprise afin d'estimer la composition des solutions de synthèse. L'exploitation thermodynamique des diagrammes de phases a permis la détermination des conditions optimales de l'isolement et l'établissement de plusieurs schémas de procédés pour la synthèse de la MMH
This work, conducted as part of a collaboration with the Safran-Heraklès group, aims at developing a new synthesis concept for the monomethylhydrazine (MMH), by process intensification using microreactor technology. The work was funded by the Rhône-Alpes region in the form of a doctoral fellowship TARGET 2008-2011. The first part of this research aims to study the stability of monochloramine solutions prepared in stoichiometric conditions. This synthesis was carried out continuously, for the first time ever, using microreactor technology. Optimal synthesis conditions as well as a set of security parameters have been established for a fast and secured transfer to industrial scale. The second part, also one of the main objectives of this work, is the extraction, under pressure, of all organic products (mostly MMH and monomethylamine) in the form of one condensed phase by demixing the crude reaction liquors. This phenomenon is related to the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid ternary system H2O-MMA-NaOH. The optimization of the demixing step requires then the study of different solid-liquid-liquid phase diagrams involved. The last part deals with the chemical engineering aspect of the research. A kinetic modeling of the synthesis of MMH by the Raschig way was used in order to estimate the composition of the synthesis solution. These results and the application of phase diagrams allow the determination of optimal conditions for the isolation step and the establishment of process flow-sheets for the synthesis of MMH
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Clavette, Christian. "Synthesis of Beta-Aminocarbonyl Compounds and Hydrazine Derivatives Using Amino- and Imino-Isocyanates." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32004.

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Over the past recent years, β-aminocarbonyls have been of great interest to medicinal chemists. As a practical method to obtain these moieties, alkene aminocarbonylation, accounting for the formation of a C-N and a C-C bond, has been the subject of limited research efforts (very specific intramolecular metal-catalyzed variants have been reported). Direct aminocarbonylation of alkenes constitutes a challenging and an important potential innovation in the synthesis of β-aminocarbonyls such as β-amino acids. The research efforts described in the present thesis have been primarily directed towards the development of concerted pathways for the amination of alkenes using hydrazine derivatives as bifunctional reagents. Building on our previous report on the reactivity of hydrazides, progress on the aminocarbonylation of alkenes along with the synthetic scope of this reactivity are herein provided. Therefore, the first part of the present thesis (Chapter 2) focuses primarily on the development of thermolytic conditions for the intramolecular aminocarbonylation of alkenes using amino-isocyanates. Alongside, development of imino-isocyanates have provided complementary synthetic tools for aminocarbonylation. The second part (Chapter 3) describes the work accomplished towards intermolecular aminocarbonylation of alkenes and the synthesis of complex azomethine imine products (Chapter 3). Finally, the last part of the discussion (Chapter 4) will be on the development of new hydrazide reagents for the intramolecular Cope-type hydroamination of alkenes. In doing so, description of the synthetic utility of amino-isocyanates as amphoteric reagents for cascade reactions and heterocyclic synthesis will be provided.
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Vogt, Kirkland W. "Nitridation reactions with hydrazine." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10032.

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Criton, Thomas. "Systèmes polyazotés énergétiques : stratégie de synthèse, caractérisation et réactivité." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1222.

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Les hydrazines utilisées en propulsion sont aujourd’hui identifiées par la réglementation REACH comme des substances extrêmement préoccupantes (SVHC) et leur utilisation est par conséquent menacée. Les HEDM (High Energy Density Material) représentent une classe de composés à l’architecture polyazotée voire strictement azotée dont les performances énergétiques théoriques sont en rupture avec les technologies actuelles et dont la décomposition en N2 offrirait une réponse à cette règlementation. De plus, leur utilisation simplifierait la technologie des lanceurs et permettrait d’abaisser leur coût. Deux candidats potentiels ont donc été proposés par les tutelles du laboratoire en raison de leurs excellentes performances théoriques : la triaziridine (N3H3) et la tétrazétidine (N4H4). L’objectif général de cette thèse est de développer de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse de composés polyazotés et d’étudier leur réactivité afin de valider l’accès aux structures originales telles que les cycles triaziridine et tétrazétidine. Une toute nouvelle méthodologie d’homologation par ajout d’azodicarboxylates permettant d’accéder à des systèmes polyazotés linéaires supérieurs (N3, N4, N5, N6…) a été mise au point. Des preuves structurales de ces enchainements azotés inédits ont été obtenues par DRX. La réactivité par activation régiosélective et par oxydation des systèmes synthétisés a ensuite été étudiée afin d’accéder aux structures polyazotées cycliques
Hydrazines for propulsion have been identified by REACH regulation as Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) and their use is therefore threatened. High Energy Density Materials (HEDM) represent a class of polynitrogen compounds with computed energetic performances breaking away from existing technologies. Besides solving toxicity issues thanks to their decomposition in molecular nitrogen, their use would highly simplify launcher’s technologies and decreases their cost. Two candidates have been proposed by the CNES and ArianeGroup to replace hydrazines: triaziridine (N3H3) and tetrazetidine (N4H4). The main goal of this thesis is to develop new methodologies for the synthesis of polynitrogen compounds and to investigate their reactivity to access to original structures such as triaziridine and tetrazetidine. Homologation of simple nitrogen-based compounds with azodicarboxylates enabled us to access new original superior polynitrogen molecules (N3, N4, N5, N6…). Structural evidences of these new polynitrogen backbones have been obtained by X-ray diffraction. Their reactivity by regioselective activation and by oxidation has been studied to access cyclic polynitrogen structures
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Books on the topic "Hydrazene"

1

Schmidt, Eckart W. Hydrazine and its derivatives: Preparation, properties, applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 2001.

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International Program on Chemical Safety., ed. Hydrazine. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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Organization, World Health, and International Program on Chemical Safety, eds. Hydrazine. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.

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Kagaku Busshitsu Hyōka Kenkyū Kikō and Shin Enerugī Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan), eds. Hidorajin: Hydrazine. Tōkyō-to Shibuya-ku: Seihin Hyōka Gijutsu Kiban Kikō Kagaku Busshitsu Hyōka Kenkyū Kikō, 2007.

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Patil, K. C., and Tanu Mimani Rattan, eds. Inorganic Hydrazine Derivatives. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118693599.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The catalysis of hydrazine. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Suzuki, M. Decomposition of hydrazine by high frequency glow electrical discharges. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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International Program on Chemical Safety., International Labour Organisation, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Health Organization, eds. Hydrazine health and safety guide. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1991.

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Canada, Canada Health. Hydrazine sulphate: An information package. Toronto: Health Canada, 1996.

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Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative., ed. Hydrazine sulphate: An information package. Toronto: Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrazene"

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Lane, J. D., C. J. Pickett, and D. R. Stanley. "From Hydrazine and Coordinated Hydrazines." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 116–17. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145227.ch86.

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Lane, J. D., C. J. Pickett, and D. R. Stanley. "Hydrazine and Substituted Hydrazine Complexes." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 100–102. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145227.ch74.

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Aruna, Singanahally T., and K. C. Patil. "Hydrazine Salts." In Inorganic Hydrazine Derivatives, 37–82. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118693599.ch02.

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Audrieth, L. F., T. T. Nickles, G. Gibson, and R. E. Kirk. "Hydrazine Sulfate." In Inorganic Syntheses, 90–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132326.ch31.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of oxovanadium(IV) complex with hydrazone of isonicotinic acid hydrazide." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 29–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_7.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of chromium(III) complex with hydrazone of isonicotinic acid hydrazide." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 85–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_31.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of manganese(III) complex with hydrazone of isonicotinic acid hydrazide." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 218–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_79.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of iron(III) complex with hydrazine of isonicotinic acid hydrazide." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 5, 352–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65098-1_125.

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Audrieth, L. F., T. T. Nickles, G. Gibson, and R. E. Kirk. "Recovery of Hydrazine Residues as Hydrazine Dihydro Chloride or Hydrazine Sulfate." In Inorganic Syntheses, 92–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132326.ch32.

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Rattan, Tanu Mimani, and K. C. Patil. "Hydrazine and Its Inorganic Derivatives." In Inorganic Hydrazine Derivatives, 1–36. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118693599.ch01.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrazene"

1

Antonijević, Marko, Žiko Milanović, Dušica Simijonović, Zoran Marković, and Snežana Marković S. Zoran. "ANTIOXIDATIVE POTENCY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF SELECTED COUMARIN-HYBRIDS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.458a.

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In previous studies, it was found that coumarins with hydrazide moiety show good antioxidative potential, while similar coumarins with hydrazone moiety are good anticancer agents. In this paper, the antioxidative potency and radical scavenging activity of two coumarin hydrazone derivatives were investigated. For this purpose, density functional theory method M062X with 6-311G++(d,p) basis set was implemented. It was found that investigated compounds exhibit good antioxidative potency, with very similar BDE values regardless of the position involved. On the other hand, PA values show that a preferable functional group for proton loss depends on the position of the OH group. In ortho position, OH group shows lower antioxidative potency than NH group, while in the same time in para position OH group is favourable position for antioxidative activity reactions. A similar situation is obtained by investigation of radical scavenging mechanisms, with the more pronounced difference in BDE between the positions in favour of the NH group. While SPLET is the most probable mechanism which is in competition with HAT in some cases (hydroxy radical) SET-PT was found to be a non-operative mechanistic pathway.
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Popusoi, Ana, Nicanor Barba, and Aurelian Gulea. "Synthesis of 1,3-Phenyl(Pyridyl)propenones with thiosemicarbazidic groups." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab03.

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The bibliographic study of chalcones of the type 1,3-aryl(heteryl)propen-2-one with thiosemicarbazidic 4- and 1,4-disubstituted and thisemicarbazonic groups respectively gives us the information that they have a wide spectrum of biological activity, but methods of their synthesis are less described in the literature, and they became our object of study. 4,5-Dihydro-1-H-(pyrazol-3-yl)phenylhydrazinecarbothioamides 3a and 3b were obtained according to the following scheme:Reagents and reaction conditions: i, ii) 2-Py, 25oC – 24h, 90-95oC – 3h, 77-82%; iii) DMF, CH3COOH, 70-80oC, 2-3h, 60-63%. Figure 1. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b.Initially N,N-dimethylthioureas 1a and 1b with hydrazine hydrate from hydrazones in pyridine at room temperature, which without being isolated upon heating cyclize to pyrazole derivatives (Fig. 1.) as described in the literature, and in parallel, dimethylamine is substituted by the hydrazine group [1] with the formation of compounds 3a and 3b, with a yield of 77%. Compound 3a was also obtained by an alternative route from isothiocyanatophenylpropen-2one 2a and hydrazine hydrate at room temperature, then on heating in pyridine (Fig. 1.). It is possible to from the same intermediates, which turn in to the finished product 3a, the yield is 82%. Compounds 4a and 4b were obtained from products 3a and 3b by boiling in ethanol with 2-pyridinecarboxyaldehyde. The antiproliferative activity of N-(4-(5-(pyridine-2-yl)-4,5dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-2-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinecarbotioamide towards HL-60 leukemia cells were patented [2].
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Bruckdorfer, Thomas, Pavel S. Chelushkin, Ksenia V. Polyanichko, Maria Leko, Marina Dorosh, and Sergey V. Burov. "Convenient method of peptide hydrazide synthesis using a new hydrazone resin." In 35th European Peptide Symposium. Prompt Scientific Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/35eps.2018.084.

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Branković, Jovica, Zorica D. Petrović, and Vladimir P. Petrović. "Phenolic N-acyl hydrazone derivatives: In silico assessment of potential antibacterial activity against selected G+ and G- strains." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.491b.

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In this work, a series of phenolic N-acyl hydrazones was investigated in silico against six selected E. coli and S. aureus bacterial proteins. Generally, the obtained molecular docking results revealed significantly higher binding affinities of analogs a–n towards selected enzymes in comparison to standard compounds. In the case of E. coli proteins 1hnj, 1c14, and 6ntw, the lowest binding energies were calculated for derivatives l (-8.5 kcal/mol), d (-9.0 kcal/mol), and k (-8.2 kcal/mol), respectively. On the other hand, the highest binding affinity towards the S. aureus 3u2d, 1mwu, and 1jij enzymes was expressed by derivatives a, d, and j, with binding energies of -8.3, -8.4, and -9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The obtained in silico results indicate the potential inhibitory activity of selected phenolic N-acyl hydrazone derivatives against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial proteins and represent a valuable ground base for future in vitro experiments.
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Guo, Hong, Pengdi Ren, Xiaoyu Zhang, Guangxiong Chen, and Yi Ye. "Fretting Wear Behavior of NC30Fe in Distilled Water and Hydrazine Solution." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15879.

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In this study, fretting wear behavior of NC30Fe tubes against 1Cr13 stainless steel cylinder in distilled water and hydrazine solution was investigated at room temperature. Wear scar was analyzed systematically by NanoMap500DLS dual-mode profilometer, SEM, EDX. The results showed that the fretting logs were running in slip regime. The hydrazine solution may lead to corrosion. The friction coefficient in aqueous medium was lowered obviously, but it in distilled water was lower than that in hydrazine solution due to the effect of hydrazine solution. The wear was lightened in aqueous medium significantly, but it was more severe in hydrazine solution than that in distilled water for the reason of hydrazine solution. The abrasive wear, friction oxidation and delamination were the main wear mechanisms of NC30Fe in ambient. However, in aqueous medium the abrasive wear and delamination were the main wear mechanisms of NC30Fe.
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Won, Hui-Jun, Jung-Soon Park, Chong-Hun Jung, Sang-Yoon Park, Wang-Kyu Choi, and Jei-Kwon Moon. "A Reductive Dissolution Study of Magnetite." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96101.

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Magnetite dissolution tests using a hydrazine base solution were performed at a temperature range of 90 to 150 °C. The dissolution rate of magnetite increased with [N2H4], time, and temperature. The optimum solution pH in the experimental range was 3. The addition of copper ion to the hydrazine base solution greatly increased the magnetite dissolution rate. This was explained by the complex formation between N2H4 and Cu ions, and the reducing power of the hydrazine-Cu complex to the ferric ions of magnetite. The reductive decontamination solution can be applied below 100 °C by the addition of copper ions. The chemical decontamination of a Type 304 stainless steel specimen using a hydrazine base reductive decontamination solution was also performed. The contact dose rate was greatly decreased by the repetitive application of NP and the hydrazine base solution.
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Pathak, Anisha, and Banshi Dhar Gupta. "Palladium nanoparticles decorated MWCNTs engraved in polypyrrole matrix for the sensitive detection of hydrazine based on FOSPR." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.6a_a410_7.

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Hydrazine, a well-known reactive base and a critical reducing agent is a colorless liquid used substantially in industrial as well as in military applications [1]. Despite its acknowledged and long established applications, it is considered as a human carcinogen on minute levels of exposure through inhalation, ingestion or eye/skin contact. Hence, trace level detection of hydrazine is necessary for health safety. Various methods like liquid chromatography, spectrometry, electrochemical and optical have been reported for hydrazine sensing. We report a fiber optic SPR probe based on plasmonic property of silver thin film and palladium decorated MWCNTs engraved in polypyrrole matrix as sensing layer. Polypyrrole is a well-known conducting polymer used extensively for detection of hydrazine by charge transfer reactions leading to change in both its electrical and optical properties [2]. It also helps in attachments of Palladium-MWCNTs composite on silver coated probe.
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Domae, Masafumi, Hirotaka Kawamura, Daisuke Akutagawa, Kenji Hisamune, Yosuke Katsumura, and Yusa Muroya. "Corrosion Test of 304 Stainless Steel in Hydrazine and Methanol Solutions at 320°C Under Gamma-Irradiation and Gamma Radiolysis of Hydrazine and Methanol." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29281.

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It has been pointed out that dissolved hydrogen is one of the key factors of PWSCC (primary water stress corrosion cracking) in the primary systems of pressurized water reactors. The authors consider that application of alternative reductant for hydrogen may mitigate PWSCC. The corrosion tests of 304 stainless steels in 2 mmol dm−3 methanol solution and 2 mmol dm−3 hydrazine solution at 320 °C were carried out under γ-ray irradiation, and the corrosion environment was evaluated. Electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) of the stainless steels was measured during the immersion tests. The ECP values were −605 mV and −643 mV vs. SHE in 2 mmol dm−3 hydrazine solution and 2 mmol dm−3 methanol solution at 320 °C, respectively. After the immersion tests, oxide films formed on the stainless steel specimens were analyzed with scanning probe microscope and X-ray diffraction. It is concluded that from the ECP measurement and comparison with previous results corrosion environment under following conditions is similar: (1) DH 1.5 ppm without irradiation, (2) methanol 2.9 ppm without irradiation, (3) hydrazine 2 mmol dm−3 under γ-ray irradiation and (4) methanol 2 mmol dm−3 under γ-ray irradiation. During the immersion tests, the test waters were sampled several times, and analyzed, in order to understand radiolysis of the methanol solution and the hydrazine solution at 320 °C. Hydrazine is decomposed predominantly through thermal decomposition, and an ammonia molecule is formed from a hydrazine molecule. Formaldehyde and ethylene glycol were detected in the methanol solution. But, carboxylates were not detected. The present results do not demonstrate oxidation of methanol to CO or CO2. It is pointed out that irradiation experiments of higher absorbed dose are necessary.
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Branković, Jovica, Vesna Milovanović, and Vladimir P. Petrović. "CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 AS „IN SILICO“ TARGET OF PHENOLIC HYDRAZONE- TYPE DERIVATIVES." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.324b.

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In the present work, a series of phenolic hydrazone analogs were investigated in silico for their potential inhibitory activity toward COX-2. These examinations were based on the capability of hydrazone-based compounds to interact with numerous enzymes, as well as on their versatile biological features and therapeutical applications. COX-2 was selected due to its involvement in the inflammation and carcinogenesis processes. Regarding this, COX-2 represents a valid target for the development of compounds that could block the formation of harmful inflammation mediators.
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Abdulhamid, Hakim, Jérôme Limido, Paul Deconinck, and Christian Puillet. "Experimental Validation of Hydrazine Reaction Model Through Hypervelocity Impact Tests." In 2022 16th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2022-1.

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The impact of space debris on a spacecraft can result in a catastrophic event that not only destroys the structure but can also generate additional debris. The design of any spacecraft requires understanding the potential damage that can be inflicted by such an event. This is the case for hydrazine fuel tanks located outside the spacecraft for which it is important to evaluate the condition leading to its explosion. A previous study [1] aimed at developing numerical methods with IMPETUS Afea Solver® to reproduce the detonation of hydrazine and the associated transfer of the momentum to the structure when a fuel tank is impacted by a space debris simulating projectile.
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Reports on the topic "Hydrazene"

1

Garcia, B., and D. Chavez. Shock compression of liquid hydrazine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105881.

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Karraker, D. G. The Oxidation of Hydrazine by Nitric Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784248.

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Thiem, Terry L., Jason Brown, Johnathan Kiel, Eric Holwitt, and Gerald J. O'Brien. The Chemical and Biochemical Degradation of Hydrazine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada333221.

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Karraker, D. G. Cu(II) - Catalyzed Hydrazine Reduction of Ferrous Nitrate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787806.

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HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES NOVATO CA. Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility, Interim Response Action. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273439.

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Karraker, D. G. The Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydrazine by Nitric Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/783929.

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Zube, Dieter M., and Dan Fye. Low Bus Voltage Hydrazine Arcjet System for Geostationary Satellites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408186.

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DeLorenzo, Robert J. The Effects of Hydrazines on Neuronal Excitability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada290120.

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9

Bertrand, Guy. Ammonia and hydrazine. Transition-metal-catalyzed hydroamination and metal-free catalyzed functionalization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253630.

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10

HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES NOVATO CA. Hydrazine Blending and Storage Facility, Interim Response Action Implementation. Final Safety Plan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada271897.

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